This paper focuses on casing products, guides and helps foreign trade enterprises to cross technical trade barriers in major trading countries, expand exports while accurately grasping foreign market access requirements, and achieve more robust and sustainable development.
1. Casing introduction
Casings are used for filling sausages and enemas, divided into natural casings and artificial casings, the casings discussed in this article only refer to natural casings, do not involve artificial casings. "GB/T7740-2006Natural casing definition:"Natural casing (naturalcasings refers to the use of healthy livestock oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and bladder and other organs, after special processing, the retained tissue is salted or dried animal tissue, is the coating of sausage."
Second, China's casings export status
China's casings export scale is about $1 billion a year,2019The market was affected by the African swine fever epidemic, and both the export quantity and the export value declined. Since the beginning of this year, the export of casings has faced greater pressure due to the new coronavirus outbreak.
The export of casings in China is dominated by general trade, accounting for the total export60Followed by processing of incoming materials and processing of incoming materials.
China's casing exports are mainly pig casing and sheep casing2019Annual casing export data, for example, pig casing export amount accounted for about the total export50%The weight accounts for approximately77%; Sheep casings are divided into sheep casings and goat casings2 Species, mainly sheep casing. above2 Each accounted for the export value of casings4%~20%Other types of casings accounted for a relatively small proportion of exports.
China's casing export countries and regions mainly include Germany, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and so on46 Countries and regions, but the main market is relatively concentrated, the EU export amount accounts for the total export50The main destination country in Asia is Japan.
Note: The above data are from the monthly statistical report of China's agricultural exports of the Ministry of Commerce and foreign trade statistics released by the General Administration of Customs.
Technical trade measures of major trading countries
1. The European Union
European Commission decision2003/181/EC: The minimum detection standards for chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites in products of animal origin are respectively0.3mug/kgand1mug/kgAnd no chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites can be detected in casings.
European Council Regulation No852/2004No. : Export EU casings processing enterprises must be establishedHACCPThe system.
European Commission decision1999/120/ECThird country casings processing plants exporting to the EU must be registered in the EU.
European Commission2003/229/EC: Specifies the certificate format for imported casings in the EU.
Ec directive92/118/EECTo require the import of animal casings from any third country to be issued and signed by the official veterinarian of the exporting country, certifying that the casings are from a factory approved by the competent authority of the exporting country, that the casings have been cleaned, de-coated and then pickled, and that effective measures have been taken to prevent secondary contamination of the casings.
European Commission decision2002/994/EC: Requires Member States to import Chinese casings only after the competent Chinese authorities have declared that each shipment is not dangerous to human health, and that chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites are tested before shipment, the results of which must be included in the declaration.
European Council Regulation No999/2001The sanitary requirements for the import of ruminant casings and the measures for the prevention, control and elimination of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies specified in the export certificate.
2. United States
The requirements for imported casings in the United States are basically the same as those for imported food, and the main agency responsible for food safety in the United States is the Department of Health(DHHS)Under the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)The Food Safety and Inspection Administration(FSIS)And Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(APHIS)And the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).
FSIS is responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and egg products are safe, hygienic, and properly labeled,FDAResponsible for protecting consumers from adulterated, unsafe and falsely labelled foods,The jurisdiction of the food scope is exceptFSISAll foods outside the jurisdiction.EPAIts mission includes protecting consumers from the dangers posed by pesticides,Improve safe ways of managing pests.APHISIt is to prevent plant and animal pests and diseases.
Major laws concerning food safety in the United States include:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act(FFDCA)Federal Meat Inspection Act(FMIA)Food Safety Modernization Law(FSMA).
1) Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act:http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/FDA/fdctoc.htm
2) Federal Meat Inspection Act:https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/rulemaking/federal-meat-inspection-act
3) Food Safety Modernization Act:https://www.fda.gov/food/guidance-regulation-food-and-dietary-supplements/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma
3. Japan
Japanese government2016years9Requirements on hygiene standards and hygiene certificate formats for casings exported to Japan:
1) provide saline natural casing ruminant animals must be born and raised in the following web sites listed in the list of countries outside: http://www.maff.go.jp/aqs/english/news/bse.html, in order to prevent the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) with the casing was introduced into Japan.
2) Ruminants supplied with salted natural casings must undergo a pre - and post-mortem inspection at the time of slaughter by official inspectors from the competent authorities in China, and no symptoms of infectious diseases are found. In the process of transporting salted natural casings to registered salted casings enterprises, measures should be taken to prevent contamination by pathogens of animal infectious diseases.
3) The processing and storage of salted natural casing must be in an enterprise approved by the competent authorities of China and applied to and approved by the competent authorities of China to the animal health authorities of Japan.
4) Pickling conditions for ruminant casings: natural casings must be dried with salt(NaCl), or saturated salt water(Water activity< 0.80), or phosphate supplemented with dry salt(Mass ratio is86.5% ofNaCl,10.7%Na2HPO4and2.8%Na3PO4)Marinate in an airtight container at least30Days, during which the temperature must be kept greater than12° C.
5) Pig casing curing conditions: natural casing must be supplemented with phosphate dry salt(Mass ratio86.5% ofNaCl,10.7%Na2HPO4and2.8%Na3PO4)Or saturated brine(Water activity< 0.80)Marinate in an airtight container at least30Days, the entire period must be kept at a temperature greater than20° C.
6) Chinese authorities must ensure that natural casings are in clean and hygienic packaging/Keep in containers and take appropriate measures to prevent contamination with any infectious agent before shipment to Japan.
4. South Africa
The year 20167month1diurnalG/SPS/N/ZAF/43/Add.1Supplementary notice, requiring the import of pig casing (raw materials from non-swine fever epidemic areas except) general certificate remarks the followingOIETerrestrial Code15.2Chapter15.2.24Point requirements, in order to completely inactivate the swine fever virus, imported pig casings need to be supplemented with phosphate dry salt (mass ratio respectively86.5% NaCl,10.7% Na2HPO4,2.8% Na3PO4Or saturated brine pickling (salting) at least30Days, the temperature is always maintained at20Above ℃.
4. Special attention
1. New EU rules
The year 20207month8A letter from the European Commission asking for a letter from2021years4month21Starting from today, new production and related regulations will be implemented for enterprises exporting casings to the EU, mainly including the following:
1) Can produce casings in accordance with current EU regulations, in particular EU regulations852/2004,853/2004The hygiene requirements. Enterprise processing technology and facilities and equipment to meet the finished casings"NaClOr salt mixture in20Place at a temperature of ℃ or above30"Days" processing requirements;
2) The residues of chloramphenicol and furans and their metabolites can be controlled from raw materials to finished products, and they have been includedHACCPPlan to control it. The sampling method, proportion and detection method shall comply with the relevant requirements of the EU;
3) Be able to receive EU inspections at any time.
2.OIE related revisions
OIE Terrestrial Code (No26Edition,2017Procedures for the inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in casings respectively (no8.8.38Article) and swine fever virus inactivation procedures (No15.2.24Article) was recommended.
FMD virus inactivation procedure: dry salt should be used (NaCl) or saturated salt water (NaCl,AWThe <0.80), or dry salt supplemented with phosphate (mass ratio, respectivelyNaCl86.5%,Na2HPO410.7%,Na3PO42.8%) or saturated salt water (AWThe <0.80), marinate at least30Days, the temperature is always maintained at12Above ℃.
The inactivation procedure of swine fever virus: phosphate-supplemented dry salt (mass ratio, respectivelyNaCl86.5%,Na2HPO410.7%,Na3PO42.8%) or saturated salt water (AwThe <0.80), marinate at least30Days, the temperature is always maintained at20Above ℃.
It can be seen that the casings curing procedure set in Japan is referred toOIERecommended inactivation procedures for foot-and-mouth disease virus and swine fever virus are referred to in South African and European Union regulationsOIERecommended swine fever virus inactivation procedure. The EU rules will be enforced2021years4month21Effective from today, relevant export enterprises should pay attention to timely change the casing curing process to meet its requirements.
V. Summary and suggestions
Foreign casings technology trade measures are concentrated in residue detection, processing procedures, quality control, enterprise registration and other aspects, suggesting that casings export enterprises should strive to reform casings processing technology, establish and improve enterprise management and casings processing quality control system, effectively improve product quality and health and safety level, crack technical barriers to trade, enhance foreign trade competitiveness.
This paper only lists the technology trade measures of major trading countries, and the relevant measures of other countries will continue to be studied and gradually supplemented in the future, so as to help enterprises open up more foreign markets.
The original link: http://swj.xm.gov.cn/xmtbt-sps/show.asp?id=63337
Source: Research Center of International Inspection and Quarantine Standards and Technical Regulations of the General Administration of Customs (and the People's Republic of ChinaWTO/TBT-SPSNational Notification and Consultation Center), Tianjin Customs
