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5G
The fifth generation mobile communication technology
unfoldThree entries with the same name
The 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology with the characteristics of high speed, low delay and large connection. 5G communication facilities realize the interconnection of man and machine
Network infrastructure
.
International Telecommunication union
(
ITU
Defines three broad categories of 5G application scenarios, namely enhanced mobile broadband (Enhanced mobile broadband)
eMBB
), Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communications (uRLLC), and machine communications (URLLC).
mMTC
). Enhanced Mobile broadband (eMBB) is mainly aimed at the explosive growth of mobile Internet traffic, providing a more extreme application experience for mobile Internet users; Ultra-reliable Low-delay communication (uRLLC) is mainly for industrial control, telemedicine, automatic driving and other vertical industry applications with high requirements for delay and reliability. Machine communication (mMTC) is mainly for smart cities, smart homes, environmental monitoring and other applications with sensing and data acquisition as goals.
In order to meet the needs of diverse 5G application scenarios, 5G key performance indicators are more diversified. The ITU defines the eight key performance indicators of 5G, among which high speed, low delay, and large connection become the most prominent features of 5G, with the user experience rate reaching 1Gbps, the delay as low as 1ms, and the user connection capacity reaching 1 million connections per square kilometer.
On May 17, 2023,
China Telecom
,
China Mobile
,
China Unicom
,
China Broadcasting and Television
Announced the official launch of the world's first 5G different network roaming trial commercial
.
[57]
In March 2024, the Global System for Mobile Communications Association think tank released a report showing the global connectivity of mobile communication technology 5G
The number has reached 1.6 billion.
[87]
On March 28, China Mobile's 5G-A commercial launch conference was held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. At the meeting, China Mobile 5G Advanced network (5.5G) was officially commercialized.
[88]
- Chinese name
- The fifth generation mobile communication technology
- Foreign name
- 5th-Generation Mobile Communication Technology
- subject
- Communication engineering
- Abbreviated form
- 5G
- User experience rate
- 900+Mbps [12]
- Peak rate
- 10-20Gbps
catalogue
- 1Development background
- 2Performance index
- 3Development course
- ▪The year 2013
- ▪The year 2014
- ▪The year 2016
- ▪The year 2017
Mobile communication continues the development law of each decade generation of technology, has gone through
1G
,
2G
,
3G
,
4G
The development of... Every intergenerational transition and every technological advancement has greatly promoted industrial upgrading and economic and social development. From 1G to 2G, the transition from analog communication to digital communication has been realized, and mobile communication has entered thousands of households. From 2G to 3G and 4G, it has realized the transformation of voice service to data service, and the transmission rate has increased by a hundredfold, promoting the popularization and prosperity of mobile Internet applications. At present, mobile network has been integrated into all aspects of social life, and has profoundly changed people's communication, exchange and even the whole way of life. 4G network has created a prosperous Internet economy and solved the problem of communication between people anytime and anywhere. With the rapid development of mobile Internet, new services and new businesses continue to emerge, and mobile data business traffic explodes, 4G mobile communication system is difficult to meet the skyrocketing demand for future mobile data traffic, and it is urgent to develop the next generation of mobile communication (5G) system.
As a new type of mobile communication network, 5G should not only solve the interpersonal communication, provide users with more immersive extreme business experience such as augmented reality, virtual reality, ultra-high definition (3D) video, but also solve the problem of people and things, things and things communication, and meet the needs of mobile medical, car networking, smart home, industrial control, environmental monitoring and other iot applications. Ultimately, 5G will penetrate into all sectors of the economy and society and become a key new infrastructure to support the digitalization, networking, and intelligent transformation of the economy and society.
1. The peak rate needs to reach 10-20Gbit/s to meet the high definition video, virtual reality and other large data transmission.
2. The latency of the air interface is as low as 1ms
Automatic driving
, telemedicine and other real-time applications.
3. With millions of connections/square kilometers of device connection capacity, to meet the Internet of Things communication.
5. With continuous wide area coverage and high mobility, the user experience rate reaches 100Mbit/s.
6. The traffic density reaches 10Mbps/m
2
Above.
7. Mobility Supports high-speed movement of 500km/h.
In February 2013,
European Union
Announced $50 million in funding
Euro
Accelerate the development of 5G mobile technology, and plan to launch a mature standard by 2020
.
In April 2013,
Miit (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)
,
National Development and Reform Commission
,
Ministry of Science and Technology
Jointly support the establishment of IMT-2020(5G) promotion group, as a platform for 5G promotion work, the promotion group aims to organize domestic forces, actively carry out international cooperation, and jointly promote the development of 5G international standards. On April 19, 2013, the first meeting of the IMT-2020(5G) promotion group was held
Peking
Be convened.
[1]
On May 8, 2014,
Japan
Telecom operator
NTT DoCoMo
Officially announced to be with
Ericsson
,
Nokia
,
Samsung
The six manufacturers worked together to begin testing high-speed 5G networks that exceed the network carrying capacity of the existing 4G network by 1,000 times, and the transmission speed is expected to increase to 10Gbps. Outdoor testing is expected to begin in 2015 and operations are expected to begin in 2020
.
In January 2016, China's 5G technology research and development test was officially launched and implemented in 2016-2018, which is divided into three stages: 5G key technology test, 5G technology solution verification and 5G system verification.
On May 31, 2016, the first Global 5G Conference was held in Beijing. The conference was co-hosted by five 5G promotion organizations from China, the European Union, the United States, Japan and South Korea. Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, attended the meeting and delivered the opening speech. Miao Wei pointed out that the development of 5G has become a strategic consensus of the international community. 5G will greatly improve the business experience of mobile Internet users, meet the needs of Internet of Things applications, promote a major leap in the mobile communication technology industry, drive the rapid development of chips, software, etc., and will deeply integrate with industry, transportation, medical and other industries, and give birth to new business forms such as industrial Internet and Internet of vehicles.
[2]
On November 15, 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the"
Notice on Matters related to the use of 3300-3600MHz and 4800-5000MHz bands in the fifth generation mobile communication system
Determine the 5G intermediate frequency spectrum, which can take into account the basic needs of system coverage and large capacity.
In late November 2017, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice to officially launch the third phase of 5G technology research and development test, and strive to achieve the basic goal of the third phase test by the end of 2018.
December 21, 2017, at the International Telecommunications Standards Organization
3GPP RAN
At the 78th plenary meeting, the first version of 5G NR was officially frozen and released.
In December 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on the Organization and Implementation of the 2018 New Generation of Information Infrastructure Construction Project, requiring that 5G scale networking pilots will be carried out in no less than five cities in 2018, with no less than 50 5G base stations in each city and no less than 500 5G terminals in the whole network.
On February 27, 2018, Huawei released the first 3GPP standard 5G commercial chip Balong 5G01 and 5G commercial terminal at the MWC2018 exhibition, supporting the global mainstream 5G frequency band, including Sub6GHz (low frequency), mmWave (high frequency), which can theoretically achieve a maximum 2.3Gbps data download rate.
On June 13, 2018, the 3GPP 5G NR standard SA (Standalone, independent networking) scheme was officially completed and released at the 80th TSG RAN plenary meeting of 3GPP, which marks the first truly complete international 5G standard officially released.
On February 1, 2018, the project declaration of the "Blooming Cup" 5G Application solicitation Contest officially began. The competition was directed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and hosted by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and the IMT-2020(5G) Promotion Group.
[3]
On December 1, 2018, South Korea's three major operators SK, KT and LG U+ launched 5G services in some parts of South Korea, which is also the first time that a new generation of mobile communication services are commercially available in the world. The first batch of 5G services will be applied to the downtown areas of Seoul, the metropolitan area and six major metropolitan cities in South Korea, and the scope will be expanded in the future. According to the plan, South Korean smartphone users can use 5G services around March 2019, and it is expected that 5G full coverage can be achieved in the second half of 2020.
On December 10, 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially announced that it had issued a license to China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom for the use of low-frequency test frequencies in 5G systems. This means that the frequency resources that must be used by basic telecom operators to carry out 5G system tests are guaranteed, sending a clear signal to the industry to further promote the maturity and development of China's 5G industry chain
.
On January 25, 2019,
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Vice Minister Chen Zhaoxiong said at the 17th China Enterprise Development Forum that with the joint efforts of all parties, China's 5G development has achieved obvious results and has an industrial basis for commercial use.
On April 3, 2019,
Telecom corporation of Korea
(KT), SK Telecom Co., LTD., and LG U+, the three major telecom operators in South Korea, have officially launched the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) network service for the general public.
On April 3, 2019, the largest telecom carrier in the United States
Verizon
Announced today the deployment of "5G ultra-broadband networks" in the urban core areas of Chicago and Minneapolis.
[4]
On June 6, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially announced
China Telecom
,
China Mobile
,
China Unicom
,
China Broadcasting and Television
5G commercial licenses were issued, and China officially entered the first year of 5G commercial use.
In October 2019, 5G base stations officially received network access approval from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the first 5G radio communication equipment network access license in China, marking that 5G base station equipment will officially access the public telecom commercial network.
On October 31, 2019, the three major operators announced 5G commercial packages, and officially launched 5G commercial packages on November 1.
On March 24, 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice on promoting the accelerated development of 5G, vigorously promoting 5G network construction, application promotion, technology development and security, and specifically proposing to support basic telecommunications enterprises to accelerate the network construction of major cities with the goal of 5G independent networking, and gradually extend coverage to key counties and towns with conditions.
[5]
On June 1, 2020, Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said in an interview with the media at the "Ministerial channel" of the two sessions that 5G construction has accelerated since 2020, and although the development from January to March has been affected after the outbreak of the epidemic, enterprises are increasing their efforts to try to push back the time. China is adding more than 10,000 5G base stations every week. In April, 5G customers added more than 7 million, bringing the total to more than 36 million.
[6]
Minister of Industry and Information Technology, 5 September 2020
Xiao Yaqing
Held at the China International Fair for Trade in Services
Digital trade Trends and Frontier Summit Forum
At present, China's 5G users have exceeded 60 million, and 5G large-scale commercial use will be promoted in 2020.
[7]
On December 22, 2020, on the basis of the previous test frequency, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued 5G medium and low band frequency use licenses to China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, three basic telecom operators. At the same time, some existing 4G frequency resources are allowed to be recultivated for 5G, and the scale deployment of 5G networks is accelerated.
[8]
On February 23, 2021, Liu Liehong, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, attended the 2021 Mobile World Congress (Shanghai). At the closed-door meeting of digital leaders in the conference, Liu Liehong said that 5G enables the digital development of the industry and is the key to the successful commercial use of 5G.
[9]
On March 8, 2021, at the second "Ministerial channel" of the fourth session of the 13th National People's Congress, Xiao Yaqing, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that the development of China's digital economy is moving forward, and by the end of 2020, China has built 718,000 5G base stations, and during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China will build a complete 5G network. The scenario of 5G vertical application will be further expanded.
[10]
On April 19, 2021, at a regular policy briefing held by the State New Office, Liu Liehong, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China has initially built the world's largest 5G mobile network.
[11]
On May 17, 2021, Liu Liehong, Vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in his keynote speech at the World Telecommunications and Information Society Day conference that the "14th Five-Year Plan" is a critical period for China's 5G scale application. It is necessary to strengthen planning and guidance and systematically promote the development of 5G applications; Consolidate the industrial foundation and improve the network supply capacity. From now on, the 5G terminal entering the network will enable the 5G independent networking (SA) function by default. It is necessary to enrich the integration of applications, expand the application of key industries, and refine typical application scenarios. We will improve the ecological environment, further strengthen overall planning and coordination among departments, further strengthen coordination with local governments, and further enhance the initiative of the market. It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, adhere to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, uphold the concept of mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other countries in 5G technology, standards, policies and supervision, build a high-level 5G open system, and foster a new ecological environment of globalization and open cooperation.
[13]
On July 12, 2021, ten departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Central Cyberspace Administration, and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the"
5G Application "Sail" Action Plan (2021-2023)
It is proposed that by 2023, the development level of 5G application in China will be significantly improved, and the comprehensive strength will continue to increase. To achieve 5G penetration in large industrial enterprises to reach 35%; The number of 5G demonstration application benchmarks in each key industry reached 100; The average annual growth rate of 5G Internet of Things terminal users has reached 200%. Vigorously promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of 5G, further promote the 5G empowerment of thousands of industries, promote the formation of a high-level development model of "demand pulls supply, supply creates demand", drive the upgrading of production methods, lifestyles and governance methods, and promote the gradual formation of 5G application "sailing" situation.
[14]
On July 24-25, 2021, the National 5G industry Application scale Development Site will be held in Shenzhen and Dongguan, Guangdong Province. A series of integrated innovative applications such as 5G+ smart factory, 5G+ smart grid, and 5G+ smart port are displayed in various forms, highlighting the important role of 5G in accelerating the digital transformation of thousands of industries. Xiao Yaqing, Secretary of the Party Group and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Ma Xingrui, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Governor of Guangdong Province, attended the meeting and made speeches. The meeting was presided over by Liu Liehong, member of the Party Leading Group and vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. To better serve high-quality economic and social development. It is necessary to adhere to demand orientation, establish a number of high-level application benchmarks, form a number of mature application solutions, and build a number of industry characteristic application clusters. Adhere to the problem-oriented, enhance the supply capacity of key industrial links such as chips and modules, improve the support capacity of 5G networks, and strengthen the application security guarantee ability. Adhere to the results-oriented, accelerate the replication and promotion of 5G applications, strengthen cross-departmental, cross-industry, cross-field collaboration, and accelerate the establishment of a market-oriented cooperation and win-win development model featuring joint product innovation, joint value creation, and common benefit sharing. In practice, we will promote the large-scale development of 5G applications, create new products, new formats, and new models for 5G applications, and provide solid support for digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, and integrated innovation in all areas of the economy and society.
[15]
On September 13, 2021, Xiao Yaqing, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said at the press conference held by the State Office of Information Technology that China has built the world's largest optical fiber and mobile communication network. The number of 5G base stations and terminal connections in the world accounted for more than 70% and 80% respectively. The 5G industry has accelerated its development, and 5G mobile phone products have accelerated their penetration. According to data released at the conference, from January to August 2021, domestic 5G mobile phone shipments reached 168 million units, an increase of 80% year-on-year.
[16]
By the end of September 2021, Beijing has been completed
5G base station
47,000, basically achieving the city's 5G network coverage.
[17]
By 2021, China has built more than 1.15 million 5G base stations, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total, making it the world's largest and most technologically advanced 5G independent networking network. All prefecture-level urban areas, more than 97 percent of county urban areas and 40 percent of towns and townships in China have 5G network coverage. 5G terminal users reached 450 million, accounting for more than 80% of the world.
[18]
On November 17, 2021, the Brazilian government announced plans to achieve full 5G coverage across the country by 2029.
[19]
In November 2021, Beijing's 5G terminal users have accounted for 32.4%, the number of 5G million base stations has reached the first place in the country, and the 5G network has basically achieved continuous coverage within the fifth ring road and sub-center, and accurate coverage of key areas outside the fifth Ring road.
[20]
In the third quarter of 2021, there was a net increase of 98 million 5G users worldwide. By the end of 2021, 5G networks are expected to cover more than 2 billion people
The man.
[21]
By December 2021, China has built more than 1.15 million 5G base stations, accounting for more than 70 percent of the world's 5G independent network, which is the largest and most advanced 5G independent network in the world. All prefecture-level urban areas, more than 97 percent of county urban areas and 40 percent of towns and towns in the country have 5G network coverage. 5G terminal users reached 450 million, accounting for more than 80% of the world.
[23]
On December 24, 2021, Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the first "Gigabit City" Summit Forum
Han Xia
In his speech, he said that as of November 2021, there were more than 1.396 million 5G base stations, and 5G networks continued to deepen coverage to counties and towns. The number of 5G mobile phone terminal connections reached 497 million, accounting for 30.3% of the total number of mobile phone users.
[24]
By 2021, China will have built and opened more than 1.425 million 5G base stations, and the number of 5G mobile phone terminal connections will reach 520 million.
[29]
On January 2, 2022,
American Telephone and Telegraph Company
(AT&T) and
Verizon Communications
Verizon sent a joint letter to the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration saying it would deny its request to delay the launch of its new 5G wireless service.
[25]
On January 25, 2022, China Telecom held a 5G news commercial conference, officially announcing that 5G news has entered the commercial stage. In terms of specific tariffs, individuals receive free of charge, and send the same as the current SMS; Businesses charge for different message types.
[26]
In January 2022, the "2021 Communications Industry Statistical Bulletin" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that by the end of 2021, China had built and opened a total of 1.425 million 5G base stations, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total, and the number of 5G base stations per 10,000 people reached 10.1.
[27]
In February 2022, as of December 2021, the cumulative number of 5G base stations built and opened reached 1.425 million, and the number of new 5G base stations in the year reached 654,000.
[28]
On March 8, 2022, the fifth meeting of the 13th National People's Congress held the second plenary meeting in the Great Hall of the People, and Xiao Yaqing, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that in 2022, we will strive to have more than 2 million 5G base stations and plan to deploy 6G development in advance.
[30]
On the evening of March 23, 2022, at the China Mobile 2021 annual results conference, Yang Jie, chairman of China Mobile, said that in 2022, it plans to build another 280,000 700M5G base stations, and by then, the 700M network will achieve nationwide coverage.
[32]
On April 19, 2022, at the press conference of The State Council, Spokesman of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the Information and Communications Administration
Zhao Zhiguo
Digital information infrastructure is the "base" of digital economy. From the perspective of three dimensions, the coverage is wider, the coverage of 5G network continues to expand, the new 5G base station reached 134,000 in the first quarter, and the total number of 5G base stations opened nearly 1.56 million; On the basis of the comprehensive coverage of fixed broadband fiber access, the fiber access capacity of 320 million households has been upgraded to gigabit; More powerful, the scale of computing power continues to grow, and the total scale of data center racks in use exceeds 5 million.
[33]
On April 22, 2022, Boao Yiling Medical Group joined GE Healthcare, Roche Diagnostics,
Yutong Automobile
The first "5G digital mobile hospital" jointly built in China was delivered, and four mobile medical vehicles equipped with GE Medical 64-row CT, ultrasound, breast machine and other leading medical equipment, "5G technology and film accompanied" remote quality control solution and Roche diagnostic related testing equipment have been driven to Boao Yiling Life Care Center in Hainan Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone.
[34]
On May 16, 2022, on the eve of World Telecommunication and Information Society Day 2022, Jiangsu Province held a commemorative conference with the theme of "Digital Jiangsu and Smart Life".
2021 Jiangsu information and communication industry development blue Book
""
Report on Internet development in Jiangsu Province in 2021
""
Jiangsu Province Internet Network Security Report 2021
The number of 5G "gigabit cities" used by mobile phone users ranks first in the country.
[35]
By the end of April 2022, China had built 1.615 million 5G base stations, becoming the first country in the world to build a 5G network based on an independent networking model. 5G base stations accounted for 16% of the total number of mobile base stations.
[36]
On June 14, 2022,
Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee
We held a series of press conferences on the theme of "China's Decade". At the meeting, when answering questions about the development of the information and communication industry in the past decade, Han Xia, chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China has built the world's largest and leading network infrastructure; It has formed the world's largest, most active and most potential digital services market. The number of 5G base stations reached 1.615 million, and the number of 5G mobile phone users exceeded 400 million
Door.
37 - [38]
In June 2022, the underground 5G personnel positioning project jointly constructed by China Telecom Anhui Company and Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group Gushan Mining Co., Ltd. was successfully delivered in Gushan Mine, Dangtu County, Maanshan City. As the first application in the country, the 5G underground personnel positioning project can effectively improve the safety management level of the iron ore industry, and is of great significance for promoting 5G technology to enable the safe production of iron ore.
[39]
On June 27, 2022, China Radio and Television 5G official website was officially launched, supporting 5G package processing. This means that three years after getting the 5G license, China Radio and Television 5G network services are officially launched, and China Radio and television section 192 is about to officially release numbers to the public.
[40]
By the end of July 2022, China has built and opened 1.968 million 5G base stations and 475 million 5G mobile phone users, and has built the world's largest 5G network. In the three years since China's 5G commercial license was officially issued, network construction has continued to advance, and 5G base stations have been opened, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of 5G base stations in the world, and users logging in to 5G networks account for more than 70% of global 5G login users.
[42]
As of August 10, 2022, the number of 5G network base stations in China reached 1.854 million, with more than 450 million end users, both accounting for more than 60% of the world, and 5G investment by national operators exceeded 400 billion yuan
.
[41]
In September 2022, China Mobile announced customer data for August 2022, showing that the number of 5G package customers reached about 538.79 million. 5G package customers reached 511 million in the first half of 2022, a net increase of 124 million.
[43]
On October 3, 2022, Hyundai Mobis said that it successfully independently developed the "on-board fifth generation (5G) communication module" technology.
[44]
In October 2022, the international first 5G terminal air port performance standard led by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology was officially released.
[45]
In October 2022, Fujian achieved full coverage of 5G network in all townships, and 71,000 5G base stations have been built
[46]
.
In October 2022, China Telecom and Hubei Electric Power successfully built the country's first provincial power independent 5G core backbone
net
[47]
.
In 2022,
Huawei
,
Beijing Unicom
Jointly released the world's largest 5G 200MHz large-bandwidth urban network, with more than 3,000 base stations. Actual road test results show that the peak downlink rate of 5G users reached 1.8Gbps, the average downlink rate reached 885.7Mbps, and the average uplink rate reached 260.4Mbps. The effective ratio of 5G network CA (carrier aggregation) reached 85%.
[48]
By the end of September 2022, the total number of mobile phone users of the three basic telecommunications companies reached 1.682 billion. Among them, 5G mobile phone users reached 510 million, accounting for 30.3% of mobile phone users. By the end of September, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China reached 10.72 million. Among them, the total number of 5G base stations reached 2.22 million.
[49]
October 31, 2022 is the third anniversary of the official commercial use of 5G in China. On November 1, CCTV's "Morning News" reported that operators had overfulfilled this year's network construction tasks ahead of schedule, and China Telecom and China Unicom had built the world's first 5G independent network co-construction and sharing network with the largest scale and fastest speed in the industry.
[50]
In February 2023, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom successively disclosed the latest operating data. Data show that as of the end of January, the total number of 5G package users of the three major operators has exceeded 1.1 billion.
[51]
As of the end of February, the total number of 5G base stations in China reached 2.384 million, accounting for 21.9% of the total number of mobile base stations. The number of 5G mobile phone users of the three basic telecom companies reached 592 million.
[52]
On April 1, 2023, according to Reuters, Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and UScellular, the four largest wireless operators in the United States, said in a letter submitted to the Federal Communications Commission on March 31 that they voluntarily pledged to support the full power deployment of C-band wireless spectrum, allowing the C-band wireless spectrum to be used for 5G signals. And minimize the impact on the company's C-band business. The agreement follows extensive discussions between the companies and the Federal Aviation Administration.
[53]
By the end of March 2023, China has built more than 2.64 million 5G base stations, more than 17.93 million ports with gigabit network service capability, 620 million 5G mobile phone users, and more than 100 million gigabit optical network users, and 5G has been fully integrated into 52 national economic categories.
[54]
By the end of March 2023, Tibet had built 9,508 5G base stations, and by the end of 2022, the number of Internet users in Tibet was 3.011 million.
[55]
By the end of April 2023, 39,000 5G base stations had been built in Xinjiang, and 5G network coverage had been achieved in all prefecture-level urban areas, county urban areas and 99.16 percent of towns and townships in Xinjiang, with 15 5G base stations for every 10,000 people.
[56]
On May 17, 2023, China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Broadcasting and Television announced the official launch of the world's first 5G different network roaming trial commercial
.
[57]
In June 2023, according to the "Economic Operation of the Communications Industry from January to April 2023" released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China's 5G network construction has steadily advanced. By the end of April 2023, the total number of 5G base stations in China reached 2.733 million, accounting for 24.5% of the total number of mobile base stations. At the same time, the number of 5G users in China has also increased by more than 600 million. Relevant data show that as of the end of April, the total number of mobile phone users of the three basic telecommunications companies reached 1.707 billion, of which 5G mobile phone users reached 634 million, a net increase of 73.08 million over the end of last year, accounting for 37.1% of mobile phone users, accounting for 3.8 percentage points higher than the end of last year.
[58]
According to the announcement released by China Mobile, as of the end of May 2023, the total number of mobile business customers of China Mobile company was about 983 million, with a net increase of 325,000 in May, and the number of 5G package customers
That's about 707 million households.
[59]
On June 27, 2023, at the conference of "5G Innovation Leads digital intelligence integration and win-win", Li Huidi, deputy general manager of China Mobile, revealed that China Mobile's wireless 5G base station has reached 1.7 million stations, 5G terminal customers reached 470 million, 5G commercial cases exceeded 23,000, and the population coverage rate exceeded 85%.
[60]
On June 27, 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a new version of the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Division of Radio Frequencies", which will be officially implemented on July 1. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology took the lead in the world to divide all or part of the 6425-7125MHz frequency band for IMT(International mobile communication, including 5G/6G) system.
[61]
On June 28, 2023, the reporter learned from the 2023 Mobile World Congress that Huawei will release end-to-end 5.5G commercial products next year.
[62]
In the first six months of 2023, telecom business revenue increased by 6.2%, total business increased by 17.1%, a total of 2.937 million 5G base stations were built and opened, 5G mobile phone users reached 676 million, and mobile Internet of Things terminal users exceeded 2.12 billion.
[63]
In July 2023, China Unicom announced that in June 2023, the cumulative number of 5G package users reached 232 million households.
[64]
In August 2023, the Ecology and Environment Bureau of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province successfully set up remote observation sites and 5G base stations in Dangqu in the source basin of the Yangtze River, Yogu Zonglequ in the source basin of the Yellow River and Tashi Qiwa in the source basin of the Lancang River, marking a farewell to the "communication blind area" in the source area of the three Rivers.
[65]
In August 2023, the 5G broadcast TV test (Chengdu) was officially launched.
[66]
In August 2023, according to Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai issued the 5G Network offshore coverage and integration Application "5G Sea" action Plan, proposing that by the end of 2024, Shanghai will significantly improve the depth and breadth of 5G network offshore coverage and integration application, and form a 5G enabling smart ocean application innovation development highland, development leading area and demonstration area.
[67]
August 21, 2023, China Union
According to the announcement, as of July 2023, the cumulative number of 5G package users has reached 238.187 million, and the cumulative number of Internet of Things terminal connections has reached 451.376 million
[68]
.
According to the latest "Economic Operation of the Communications Industry from January to July 2023" released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of July 2023, China has built a total of 3.055 million 5G base stations, accounting for 26.9% of the total number of mobile base stations. China has 695 million 5G mobile phone users, accounting for 40.6% of the total number of mobile phone users. The number of gigabit broadband access users reached 134 million, accounting for 21.7% of the total number of users.
[69]
As of October 2023, since the four years of 5G commercial use in China, the deployment of 5G base stations has exceeded 3 million, and the world's largest 5G SA network has been built, which is the key to 5G scale growth
Indicators are constantly refreshed.
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By the end of September 2023, a total of 3.189 million 5G base stations had been built, and 145 million gigabit broadband users had been registered.
[71]
On October 11, 2023, during the 14th Global Mobile Broadband Forum MBBF, 13 major operators jointly released the first wave of 5G-A network, marking 5G-A from technical verification into commercial deployment, opening a new era of 5G-A.
[90]
October 26, 2023: With the recent completion and opening of 5G base stations in Gumm Township, Geze County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, all townships in Tibet have achieved 5G access. Up to now, Tibet's information and communication industry has invested 3.2 billion yuan in 5G construction, built 8,710 5G base stations, developed 1.84 million 5G users, and the region has 23 5G base stations per 10,000 people, reaching the national average. Tibetan people can also enjoy high-speed, stable and high-quality 5G network services.
[72]
On November 22, 2023, data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that China's 5G network construction was advancing steadily, and by the end of October, the total number of 5G base stations reached 3.215 million, accounting for 28.1% of the total number of mobile base stations, and the 5G mobile phone users of the three basic telecommunications companies reached 754 million.
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5G base stations have covered all prefecture-level city and county urban areas, with 22.78 5G base stations per 10,000 people, and more than 90% of 5G base stations have been jointly built and shared. The number of 5G mobile phone users reached 754 million, a net increase of 193.6 million over the end of last year.
[74]
On November 25, 2023, "Anhui Industrial Internet Development Research Report (2023)" was released. According to the report,
The province has built a total of 113,000 5G base stations, ranking 9th in the country
position.
[75]
On December 6, 2023, the World 5G Conference landed in Zhengzhou, and the top ten 5G application cases were collectively unveiled at the International Convention and Exhibition Center beside Ruyi Lake in Zhengdong New District.
[76]
As of November 30, 2023, the scale of 5G base stations in Shandong Province exceeded 200,000.
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On December 15, 2023, with the opening of 5G base stations in Tianwa Village, Caiji Town, Suqian City, the last administrative village in Jiangsu Province officially covered 5G base station signals, and Jiangsu took the lead in realizing "5G in every village" of administrative villages in the country.
[78]
On December 25, 2023, Huawei and a number of industry partners jointly released 5G vehicle scale module Uu port communication certification Standard 1.0.
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On January 19, 2024, The State Council held a press conference on the development of industry and information technology in 2023, and by the end of 2023, the total number of 5G base stations in China reached 3.377 million, the network base was further consolidated, and the network application was continuously enriched.
[80]
In January 2024, seven departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued implementation opinions on promoting future industrial innovation and development. It is proposed to strengthen the new infrastructure. We will further promote the development of 5G, computing infrastructure, industrial Internet, Internet of Things, Internet of vehicles, Gigabit optical networks, and other key technologies, including 6G, satellite Internet, and direct connectivity of mobile phones, to build a new type of digital infrastructure that is ubiquitous, integrated, intelligent, green, safe and efficient.
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In January 2024, the total number of 5G package users of the three major operators exceeded 1.375 billion, an increase of 1 million over the end of 2023 and an increase of 265 million over the same period last year. The number of 5G package users of China Telecom was 321 million, a net increase of 3.08 million in a month. The number of China Mobile 5G package users is 790 million, and the total number of mobile service users will soon reach 1 billion. The number of users of China Unicom's 5G package was 264 million, a net increase of 4.2 million in a month
Door.
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In February 2024, Li Peng, senior vice president of Huawei and president of ICT sales and service, said at the Mobile World Congress 2024 that 5G commercial success is happening, and in the past five years of commercial use, the global 5G user scale has exceeded 1.5 billion, equivalent to the development results of 4G in nine years. At the same time, 5G accounts for 20% of global mobile users. Contributing 30% of mobile traffic and 40% of mobile revenue, 2024 is the first year of 5G-A (5.5G) commercial use, combined with the development of cloud and AI technology, the potential for commercial growth of operators is huge.
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By the end of February, the three basic telecom companies and China Broadcasting and Television had developed a total of 1.746 billion mobile phone users, of which 5G users reached 851 million, accounting for 48.8%.
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On March 22, 2024, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released the 53rd Statistical Report on the Development of China's Internet Network (hereinafter referred to as the Report) in Beijing, and as of December, a total of 3.377 million 5G base stations had been built, covering all prefecture-level city and county urban areas.
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From January to February 2024, China's communications industry as a whole was stable, and the total amount of telecommunications business maintained double-digit growth. China's 5G user scale accounts for nearly half, and gigabit users account for more than a quarter. By the end of February 2024, the three basic telecom enterprises and China Broadcasting and Television had developed a total of 1.746 billion mobile phone users, of which 5G users reached 851 million, accounting for 48.8%.
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In March 2024, the Global System for Mobile Communications Association think tank released a report showing the global connectivity of mobile communication technology 5G
The number has reached 1.6 billion.
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On March 28, China Mobile's 5G-A commercial launch conference was held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. At the meeting, China Mobile 5G Advanced network (5.5G) was officially commercialized.
[88]
By the first quarter of 2024, China's 5G user penetration rate exceeded 6
It is 0%.
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5G international technical standards focus on meeting flexible and diverse iot needs. in
OFDMA
and
MIMO
In terms of basic technology, 5G uses a flexible new system design to support the three major application scenarios. In terms of frequency bands, different from 4G support for low and medium frequency, considering the limited resources of low and medium frequency, 5G supports both low and medium frequency bands, of which low and medium frequency meet the needs of coverage and capacity, and high frequency meet the needs of capacity enhancement in hot areas, 5G has designed a unified technical solution for low and medium frequency and high frequency, and supports the basic bandwidth of 100 MHz. In order to support high-speed transmission and better coverage, 5G uses LDPC, Polar's new channel coding scheme, and large-scale antenna technology with stronger performance. In order to support low latency and high reliability, 5G uses technologies such as short frames, fast feedback, and multi-layer/multi-station data retransmission.
5G uses a new service-oriented architecture to support flexible deployment and differentiated business scenarios. 5G adopts full-service design, modularizes network functions, supports on-demand call, and realizes function reconstruction; The service description is easy to realize the capability opening, which is conducive to the introduction of IT development strength and the play of network potential. 5G supports flexible deployment, based on NFV/SDN, realizes hardware and software decoupling, and realizes control and forwarding separation; Cloud networking of common data centers, flexible deployment of network functions, efficient resource scheduling; Support edge computing, cloud computing platform sinks to the edge of the network, support application based gateway flexible selection and edge diversion. Network slicing is to customize a logically independent network by selecting specific features and functions from a network. It enables operators to deploy multiple logical networks with different functions, features and services to serve their respective target users. Three types of network slicing are defined. That is, enhanced mobile broadband, low time delay, high reliability, and large connection Internet of Things.
The new generation of information and communication technology represented by 5G is deeply integrated with the industrial economy, providing a new way to realize the digital, networked and intelligent development of industry and even industry. The application of 5G in the industrial field covers four major industrial links, including research and development design, production and manufacturing, operation management and product service, and mainly includes 16 types of application scenarios, respectively: AR/VR R & D experiment collaboration, AR/VR remote collaborative design, remote control, AR assisted assembly, machine vision, AGV logistics, autonomous driving, UHD video, equipment perception, material information collection, environmental information collection, AR product demand import, remote after-sales, product condition monitoring, equipment predictive maintenance, AR/VR remote training, etc. At present, scenes such as machine vision, AGV logistics, and ultra-high-definition video have achieved large-scale replication, achieved "machine replacement", significantly reduced labor costs, effectively improved product detection accuracy, and achieved the purpose of improving production efficiency. In the future, scenarios such as remote control and predictive maintenance of equipment are expected to generate high business value.
Taking the steel industry as an example, 5G technology enables steel manufacturing, and realizes intelligent production, intelligent operation and green development of the steel industry. In terms of intelligent production, the low-delay characteristics of 5G network can realize remote real-time control of mechanical equipment, improve operation and maintenance efficiency, and promote the unmanned transformation of the factory. With the help of 5G+AR glasses, experts can annotate the returned AR images in various forms such as text and pictures in the background to achieve real-time guidance for on-site operation and maintenance personnel and improve operation and maintenance efficiency. 5G+ big data can collect the data of the steel production process, achieve online monitoring of the main process parameters of steel manufacturing, online automatic quality determination, and achieve real-time control of the production process quality. In terms of intelligent operation, 5G+ ultra-high-definition video can realize the intelligent supervision of steel production process and personnel production behavior, timely judge whether there are abnormalities in the production environment and personnel operation, and improve production safety. In terms of green development, the 5G big connection feature collects energy consumption and pollutant emission data of steel production links, which can help steel enterprises to find out serious problems and optimize processes and upgrade equipment, reduce energy consumption costs and environmental protection costs, and achieve clean and low-carbon green production.
The rich integration application scenarios of 5G in the industrial field will bring great potential for the reform of the industrial system, enabling the intelligent and green development of industry. Since the implementation of the "5G+ Industrial Internet" 512 project, the application level of the industry has been continuously improved, gradually extending from the peripheral links of production to the core links of R & D design, production and manufacturing, quality testing, fault operation and maintenance, logistics and transportation, and safety management, and taking the lead in the development of five industries, including electronic equipment manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, steel, mining, and electricity. Cultivate and form 10 typical application scenarios, such as collaborative research and development design, remote equipment control, equipment collaborative operation, flexible manufacturing, on-site auxiliary assembly, machine vision quality inspection, equipment fault diagnosis, intelligent factory logistics, unmanned intelligent inspection, production site monitoring, to help enterprises reduce costs and improve quality and safe production.
5G vehicle networking helps the intelligent upgrade of automobile and traffic application services. The characteristics of 5G network, such as large bandwidth and low delay, support real-time services such as vehicle VR video calls and real-world navigation. With the low delay, high reliability and broadcast transmission characteristics of C-V2X (including direct communication and 5G network communication), vehicles can broadcast basic safety messages such as their own positioning and operating status in real time, and traffic management and indication information such as traffic lights or electronic signs can be broadcast, supporting the realization of intersection collision warning, traffic light guidance and other applications. Significantly improve vehicle safety and travel efficiency, and will also support the realization of higher-level and complex scenarios of autonomous driving services, such as remote control driving, vehicle formation driving, etc. The 5G network can support the automatic remote control of port and bridge areas, automatic cargo coding in loading and unloading areas, and unmanned vehicle applications in port areas, significantly reduce the delay of the control signal of the automatic guided transport vehicle to ensure the quality of wireless communication and operational reliability, and enable the intelligent cargo tally data transmission system to realize real-time online monitoring of the whole process around the clock.
In the power field, energy and power production includes five links: power generation, transmission, substation, distribution, and electricity consumption. 5G application in the power field is mainly carried out in four links: power transmission, substation, distribution, and electricity consumption, and the application scenarios mainly cover collection and monitoring services and real-time control services, including: Transmission line UAV inspection, substation robot inspection, power quality monitoring, distribution automation, distribution network differential protection, distributed energy control, advanced metering, accurate load control, power charging pile and so on. At present, the mobile inspection service based on the characteristics of 5G large bandwidth is relatively mature, which can realize application replication and promotion. Through the application of new operation and maintenance services such as UAV inspection and robot inspection, the monitoring, operation and security are promoted to intelligent, visual and high-definition upgrade, and the inspection efficiency of transmission lines and substations is greatly improved. Distribution network differential protection, distribution automation and other control services are now in the stage of exploration and verification. In the future, with the gradual maturity of network security architecture, terminal modules and other issues, control services will enter a period of rapid development, improving the accuracy of distribution fault location and processing efficiency.
In the field of coal mining, 5G applications involve two major parts of underground production and safety assurance, and the application scenarios mainly include: workplace video surveillance, environmental information collection, equipment data transmission, mobile inspection, and remote control of operating equipment. At present, the coal mine uses 5G technology to realize the remote control of the ground operation center for the shearer, hydraulic support, boring machine and other equipment of the fully mechanized mining face, which greatly reduces the amount of original cable maintenance and underground operators. 5G intelligent inspection robots are deployed in scenarios such as underground electromechanical chambers to realize automatic inspection of room rooms and greatly improve maintenance efficiency; 5G ultra-high-definition cameras are deployed in key underground places to achieve accurate real-time control of the environment and personnel. The intelligent transformation of coal mines using 5G technology can effectively reduce underground operators, reduce the incidence of underground accidents, curb major accidents, and achieve safe production in coal mines. At present, the practical experience of application has gradually begun to scale promotion.
The application of 5G in the field of education is mainly carried out in two aspects: smart classroom and smart campus. 5G+ smart classroom, with 5G low delay and high speed characteristics, combined with VR/AR/ holographic technology, can realize real-time transmission of image information, provide holographic and interactive teaching services for the two places, and improve teaching experience; 5G intelligent terminal can collect the full scene data in the teaching process through the 5G network, and combined with big data and artificial intelligence technology, it can build a portrait of students' learning situation, provide comprehensive and objective data analysis for teaching, and improve the accuracy of education and teaching. 5G+ smart campus, security monitoring based on ultra-high-definition video can provide the campus with remote examination tour, campus personnel management, student work and rest management, access control management and other applications, solve campus strangers entering the campus, risk detection is not timely and other security problems, improve the efficiency and level of campus management; Based on AI image analysis, GIS (Geographic information system) and other technologies, it can provide comprehensive security services for students' travel, activities, food safety and other links, so that parents can timely understand the location and performance of students in school, and create a safe learning environment.
In February 2022, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Education announced the shortlist of 2021 "5G+ smart education" application pilot projects, and a number of typical applications of 5G and education and teaching integration innovation were unveiled. It is reported that in the next step, the relevant departments will summarize the experience, practices and results in a timely manner, and strive to promote the application of "5G+ smart education" from a small scope to a large-scale landing.
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5G is enhanced by empowering the existing smart medical service system
telemedicine
Emergency rescue and other service capabilities and management efficiency, and the birth of 5G+ remote ultrasound, critical care and other new application scenarios.
Applications such as 5G+ ultra-high-definition remote consultation, remote image diagnosis, and mobile medical care will superimpose 5G network capabilities on the existing smart medical service system, greatly improving the data transmission speed and service guarantee ability of remote consultation, medical imaging, and electronic medical records. During the fight against COVID-19, the PLA General Hospital, in collaboration with relevant units, quickly set up a 5G telemedicine system, providing applications such as remote ultra-high-definition video multidisciplinary consultation, remote film reading, bedside remote consultation, and remote ward rounds to support the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Hubei, effectively alleviating the shortage of front-line medical resources.
5G+ emergency rescue and other applications, quickly build a 5G emergency rescue network between emergency personnel, ambulances, emergency command centers, and hospitals, in the first time the ambulance receives the patient, the patient's physical data, condition images, emergency condition records, etc. are transmitted to the hospital in millisecond speed and non-destructive real-time, helping the hospital doctors to make correct guidance and formulate rescue plans in advance. Realize the vision of patients "getting on the bus and entering the hospital".
5G+ remote surgery, intensive care and other treatment applications, due to its extremely low fault tolerance rate, and involves medical quality, patient safety, social ethics and other complex issues, the safety and reliability of its technical application needs further research and verification, is expected to be difficult to practical application in the medical field in the short term.
The innovative application of 5G in the field of cultural travel will help the culture and tourism industry enter the fast lane of digital transformation. The application scenarios of 5G smart cultural tourism mainly include scenic spot management, tourist services, cultural exhibitions, online studios and other links. 5G smart scenic spot can realize real-time monitoring of scenic spots, security inspection and emergency rescue, and provide innovative experiences such as VR live viewing, immersive tour and AI smart travel. It has greatly improved the management and service level of the scenic spot, and solved the pain points such as the homogenous development of the scenic spot; 5G smart blog can support the holographic display of cultural relics, 5G+VR cultural relics restoration, immersive teaching and other applications, enable the digital development of cultural relics, deeply explain the diversified value of cultural relics, and promote the construction of talent teams; 5G cloud studio integrates 4K/8K, VR/AR and other technologies to achieve high-definition live streaming of traditional tracks online and offline, and supports multi-screen and multi-angle immersive viewing experience. 5G cloud studio breaks the traditional art and performing arts method, and gives the traditional performing arts industry a new life.
5G helps smart cities improve management and service levels in security, inspection, rescue and other aspects. In terms of urban security monitoring, combined with big data and artificial intelligence technology, 5G+ ultra-high-definition video surveillance can achieve accurate identification of faces, behaviors, special items, cars, etc., forming the ability to predict potential dangers and the ability to respond quickly to emergency events; In terms of urban safety inspection, 5G combined with security inspection terminals such as drones, unmanned vehicles, and robots can realize three-dimensional urban intelligent inspection and improve the efficiency of urban daily inspection. In terms of urban emergency rescue, 5G communication support vehicle and satellite return technology can achieve the establishment of 5G network coverage of sea, land and air integration in the rescue area; 5G+VR/AR can help the emergency dispatching and command personnel in the middle station to intuitively and timely understand the scene situation, develop emergency rescue plans more quickly and scientifically, and improve the efficiency of emergency rescue. Public safety and community security have become the hot areas of urban governance, and environmental monitoring represented by remote inspection applications will also become the focus of urban development. In the future, urban global perception and fine management have become an inevitable development trend, which still needs long-term continuous exploration.
While 5G brings change and innovation to vertical industries, it also breeds new information products and services and changes people's lifestyles. In terms of 5G+ cloud games, 5G can realize the transmission of compressed video and audio rendered on the cloud server to the user terminal, solving the problem of insufficient cloud computing power and local computing power, lifting the bondage and dependence of high-quality game content on the terminal hardware, and playing a positive role in promoting cost control on the consumer side and cost reduction and efficiency of the industrial chain. In terms of 5G+4K/8K VR live broadcast, 5G technology can solve the problems of cumbersome network cable networking, insufficient bandwidth of traditional wireless networks, and high cost of opening dedicated lines, which can meet the connection needs of on-site terminals at large-scale events, and bring the audience ultra-high-definition and immersive audiovisual experience. 5G+ multi-view video can push multiple independent viewing angles to users at the same time, and users can choose their own viewing angles, bringing a freer viewing experience. In the field of smart commercial complexes, applications such as 5G+AI intelligent navigation, 5G+AR digital landscape, 5G+VR e-sports entertainment space, 5G+VR/AR panoramic live broadcasting, 5G+VR/AR shopping guide and interactive marketing have begun to be applied in business districts and shopping centers, and gradually promoted on a scale. In the future, with the comprehensive coverage of 5G network and the improvement of network capabilities, 5G+ immersive cloud XR, 5G+ digital twin and other application scenarios will also be realized, making shopping consumption more dynamic.
Fintech related institutions are actively promoting the application exploration of 5G in the financial field, and diversified application scenarios. The banking industry is the pioneer in the application of 5G in the financial field, and 5G can provide an overall transformation for banks. In the front desk, 5G and a variety of new technologies have been comprehensively applied to realize the construction of smart outlets, full-process customer service by robots, and remote business management. In the middle and back office, the "Internet of everything" can be realized through 5G, thus providing assistance for data analysis and decision-making. In addition to banking, securities, insurance and other financial fields are also actively promoting the development of "5G+", and new interactive ways such as remote services created by 5G bring customers a full range of digital experience, which can be completed online security account opening verification, insurance survey and loss settlement and claims, making financial services increasingly convenient and diversified, and driving innovation and change in the financial industry.
On December 14, 2021,
Chinese Academy of Engineering
The "Top 10 Global Engineering Achievements in 2021" was released, and the fifth-generation mobile communication technology was selected.
[22]
