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Parliament of Malaysia
A constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy
Constitution of Malaysia
The constitution of the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The Federal Parliament, consisting of the Supreme Head of State and the Lower and upper houses of Parliament, is the legislative body to which the Government of Malaysia is accountable and subject to its oversight. The government adopts the cabinet system, in which the Supreme Head of State appoints the leader of the majority party who wins the general election as the prime minister, and the Prime Minister selects the cabinet ministers from the upper and lower members of parliament and nominates them to the Supreme Head of State. Parliament is under the special protection of the law, and no court has jurisdiction over any session of Parliament.
Malaysia's nearly 15 million registered voters voted in the general election to elect 222 seats in the lower house of Parliament and 505 seats in the state Assembly, and any camp with at least 112 seats in the lower house can form a government.
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- Chinese name
- Parliament of Malaysia
- masaya
- A constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy
- congress
- The Head of State and the upper and lower houses shall be composed
- measurement
- Cabinet system
The year 1957
Malaya
After independence, a bicameral parliament was established, following the British model, consisting of an upper House (Senate, Dewan Negara in Malaysia) and a lower house (House of Representatives, Dewan Rakyat in Malaysia). The Upper House has 70 seats, two elected by each of the 13 state assemblies, and 44 appointed by the Supreme Head of State on the recommendation of the Cabinet for a three-year term, renewable for two terms. The House of Commons has 222 seats, which are renewable for a five-year term
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.
1963, Malaya,
Sabah
, Sarawak,
Singapore
Be combined into
Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaya was renamed the Parliament of Malaysia.
In 1965, Singapore seceded
Malaysia
Independence, and its representation in the Malaysian Parliament automatically terminates.
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In March 1993, the Malaysian Parliament passed constitutional amendments that removed the legal immunity and other privileges of state sultans. In May 1994, the Constitution was amended to stipulate that the Supreme Head of State must accept and perform official duties on the advice of the Government. In January 2005, the Malaysian Parliament again passed a constitutional amendment bill, which decided to transfer the power of water supply management and cultural heritage management to the central government
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On April 6, 2018, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced the dissolution of the Malaysian Parliament, which was less than three months before the end of his term, and according to the Malaysian Constitution, the general election must be held within 60 days after the dissolution of Parliament.
On May 10, 2018, the Malaysian parliamentary election ended, and the official tally showed that the Pakatan Harapan Alliance led by former Prime Minister Mahathir (Mahathir) obtained a simple majority of 112 parliamentary seats, enough to form a government and win the general election, and ended the ruling National Front's 60-year rule. The National Front led by Prime Minister Najib Razak won only 76 seats. The country's nearly 15 million registered voters cast their ballots for 222 seats in the lower house of Parliament and 505 seats in state legislatures. Any bloc that wins at least 112 seats in the lower house can form a government.
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On 16 July 2019, the Lower house of the Malaysian Parliament passed the 2019 Amendment to the Federal Constitution, which lowered the voting and election age from 21 to 18, and introduced automatic voter registration. According to Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, there are currently 3.9 million Malaysian citizens aged 21 or above who have not yet registered as voters and they will be automatically registered as voters once the bill is passed. In addition, by the next general election in 2023, the number of voters in the country is expected to increase from 14.9 million in the previous election to 22.7 million. According to regulations, the amendment must be submitted to the upper house of parliament for approval
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Constitution of Malaysia
The constitution of the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The Federal Parliament, consisting of the Supreme Head of State and the Lower and upper houses of Parliament, is a legislative body, but not the highest authority, and its legislative powers concerning the identity, privileges and status of the ruler and the status of the Malay language as the national language are subject to certain limitations.
The Government of Malaysia is accountable to and subject to the oversight of the Lower House of Parliament. The government adopts the cabinet system, in which the Supreme Head of State appoints the leader of the majority party who wins the general election as the prime minister, and the Prime Minister selects the cabinet ministers from the upper and lower members of parliament and nominates them to the Supreme Head of State.
Parliament is under the special protection of the law, and no court has jurisdiction over any session of Parliament.
The functions of Parliament include: 1 amending the Constitution; 2 legislation; 3 to examine and supervise the state finance; 4 to review state policies and have the right to question them.
The House of Commons has a Speaker and two deputy speakers. Before each new session of Parliament begins, a speaker must be elected. The Speaker's role is to chair meetings, ensure that they are conducted in accordance with parliamentary order, and has the power to punish Members who violate parliamentary order. The Deputy Speaker mainly assists the Speaker in presiding over meetings.
The House of Lords has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. The upper Speaker has the same duties as the lower Speaker.
There are five committees: the Selection Committee, the Standing Committee, the Panel, the Privileges Committee and the Public Accounts Committee.
Procedurally, both houses can introduce laws. In fact, most bills are proposed by cabinet ministers, who usually seek the approval of the Cabinet and then submit them to Parliament for discussion and approval. After the bill has been passed by the Lower House, it must be considered and approved by the Upper House, and then submitted to the Supreme Head of State for approval. The House of Lords may propose amendments to the bill for consideration by the House of Commons. Parliamentary decisions are generally passed by a simple majority vote, but a two-thirds majority is required for major matters such as the abolition of Malay reservations.
The Council normally meets three times a year for about three weeks, or about two months if the Budget is presented by the Government. The first meeting of 2009 has concluded. The next meeting will be adjourned if it falls on the Islamic holy month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr (around September 1 to October 10).
The parliament is divided between the ruling party and the opposition. The ruling coalition Barisan Nasional has a "Barisan Nasional backbench Club" in Parliament. The three opposition parties formed a "People's alliance" in parliament to support the same opposition leader.
A member's speech in Parliament is entitled
Judicial immunity
Enjoy the corresponding subsidies and allowances, after the age of 55 can receive a pension.
There are 222 members of the House of Commons, elected by the voters of the constituencies divided across the country. The Lower house of Parliament is elected for a term of five years, upon which it is dissolved automatically or early dissolved by the Supreme Head on the recommendation of the Cabinet, after which national elections are called by the National Election Commission within 60 days (in West Malaysia) and 90 days (in East Malaysia). Citizens over the age of 21 shall have the right to vote and stand for election. The lower Member may be re-elected for a second term. In the general election held on 8 March 2008, the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional (14 parties including UMNO, MCA and PAS) won 140 seats, the opposition (Pakatan Rakyat, DAP and PAS) won 81 seats and the independents won 1 seat.
The Upper House consists of 70 members, two elected by each of the 13 state legislative assemblies and 44 appointed by the Supreme Head of State on the recommendation of the Cabinet. The Upper House is elected for a three-year term, renewable for two terms, which is not affected by the dissolution of the Lower House.
The Parliamentary Administration is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Parliament and consists of three divisions: the Department of Human Resources and Management Services, the Department of Legislative Affairs and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Protocol.
The Upper and lower houses each have a secretary general, who mainly acts as an adviser to the Speaker in terms of parliamentary procedures and is responsible for monitoring the minutes of meetings.
The Malaysian Parliament has close contacts with the parliaments of Muslim countries and Commonwealth countries, and specific affairs are handled by the Foreign Affairs Protocol Department of the executive Department. The foreign affairs funds of the upper and lower houses are independent, and the relevant visits and visits shall be carried out within the annual budget.
The Malaysian Parliament has seven friendship groups by region.
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