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Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, referred to as "Hong Kong", the full name of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is located in the southern part of China. Pearl River Estuary East, West and Macau Across the sea, to the north Shenzhen Adjacent, south facing Zhuhai Wanshan Islands , the area scope includes Hong Kong Island , Kowloon , The New Territories And the surrounding 262 islands, land area of 1113.76 square kilometers, sea area of 1641.21 square kilometers, a total area of 2754.97 square kilometers. [121] By the end of 2023, the total population is 750.31 million [163] Is the world Population density One of the highest areas, Average life expectancy Number one in the world, Human development index Fourth in the world. [1-5] [14] [97] [137]
Hong Kong has been a territory of China since ancient times and was under British rule from 1842 to 1997 Colonial rule . World War II Since then, Hong Kong's economy and society have developed rapidly, ranking among the" The four Asian Tigers It has become one of the richest, most economically developed and highest living standards in the world. On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established. Central government Has full governance of Hong Kong, Hong Kong to maintain its original Capitalist system Long-term unchanged, and enjoy all affairs except foreign affairs and defense High degree of autonomy To participate in international organizations and conferences in the name of "Hong Kong, China". " One country, two systems "," Hong Kong people rule Hong Kong ", High degree of autonomy It is a basic state policy of the Chinese government. [5-7]
Hong Kong is a highly prosperous city Free port and Cosmopolitan city , and New York , London And called" Port New Loon It is the third largest in the world Financial center , an important international trade and shipping center International Center for Innovation and Technology It was rated by GaWC World's first-tier city The third place. [8 to 11] Hong Kong is a blend of Chinese and Western culture, combining Chinese wisdom with Western social management experience, with a clean government, good law and order, a free economic system and perfect Rule of law , there is Pearl of the Orient , Food paradise and Shopping paradise Such a good reputation. In 2022, Hong Kong's GDP will reach HK $2,827 billion [138] With a final gross domestic product of HK $2,818.046 billion. [164]
Chinese name
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Foreign name
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
alias
Hong Kong , Huong Island , Pearl of the Orient
Administrative division code
810000
Administrative category
Special administrative region
Subordinate region
China South China
Geographical position
Pearl River Delta southeast
Pearl River Estuary East bank
The South China Sea north
Area product
1113.76 km² [121] (Year 2021)
Subordinate area
Hong Kong Island , Kowloon Peninsula , The New Territories , a total of 18 districts
Government premises
Hong Kong Island Central and western districts 2 Tim Mei Road, Tamar
Telephone area code
852
Postal code
999077
Climatic condition
Subtropical monsoon climate
Population number
7,5031 million [163] (End of 2023)
Famous scenic spot
Victoria Harbour , Hong Kong Disneyland , Ocean Park Hong Kong , Victoria Peak , Golden Bauhinia Square [100] , Hong Kong Palace Museum
aerodrome
Hong Kong International Airport
Railway station
Hung Hom station , West Kowloon Station, Hong Kong
License plate code
Guangdong Province (Entering the Mainland)
Gross regional product
2,428 billion yuan [12] [138] (2022)
Institutions of higher learning
University of Hong Kong , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong City University , Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong Baptist University , Lingnan University , The Education University of Hong Kong , Metropolitan University of Hong Kong Etc.
Time zone
GMT+8
currency
Hong Kong dollar (HK$)
Gross domestic product per capita
$49,660.6 [13] (Year 2021)
Human development index
0.952 [14] (Extremely high, 4th in the world in 2021)
rail traffic
9 lines
Road rules
Drive on the left
Foreign exchange reserve
$495.9 billion [15] (End of February 2021)
Area code
HKG
Political system
administration-led the Representative democracy
Legal system
Common law system
The first chief executive
Tung Chee-hwa
Incumbent chief executive
Li Jiachao [116]

catalogue

  1. 1Establishment evolution
  2. 2Administrative division
  3. 3Geographical environment
  4. ▪Location boundary
  5. ▪landform
  6. ▪climate
  7. ▪hydrology
  8. 4Natural resources
  9. ▪Marine resources
  10. ▪Mineral resources
  11. 5Population nationality
  12. ▪Population number
  13. ▪Sex ratio
  14. ▪Poor population
  15. 6economy
  1. ▪summarize
  2. ▪Banking industry
  3. ▪tourism
  4. ▪Foreign trade
  5. 7transportation
  6. ▪City traffic
  7. ▪License plate number
  8. ▪External traffic
  9. 8Social undertaking
  10. ▪Educational cause
  11. ▪Sports cause
  12. ▪Cultural undertaking
  13. ▪Social security
  14. 9political
  15. ▪Basic policy
  16. ▪Political framework
  1. ▪Regional flag and emblem
  2. ▪Meritorious award system
  3. ▪Resident organization in Hong Kong
  4. ▪External affairs
  5. 10History and culture
  6. ▪Origin of name
  7. ▪Language and writing
  8. ▪Traditional Chinese opera
  9. ▪custom
  10. ▪religion
  11. ▪Intangible cultural heritage
  12. ▪Cultural relics and historic sites
  13. ▪Immigrant culture
  14. ▪Public holiday
  15. ▪Gambling and entertainment
  16. ▪Event city
  1. ▪Urban architecture
  2. ▪Major event
  3. 11Scenic spot
  4. ▪summarize
  5. ▪Main attraction
  6. ▪Religious and cultural attractions
  7. ▪Folk culture scenic spot
  8. ▪The museum
  9. ▪Park amusement park
  10. ▪Landmark street view
  11. 12Local specialty
  12. 13Famous person
  13. 14Honorary title

Establishment evolution

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  • The pre-Qin period
About 129,000 years ago, the early stage of Lingnan region had already appeared The ancients ( Mapa man ). The pre-Qin period Period, The south of the Lingnan region (including Hong Kong) for the land of a hundred more," Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals It is said that" Baiyue County "," Shih Chi It is said that" South Vietnam "," History of the Han Dynasty "Said... Nanyue " [16] . In the official historical records, Lingnan is all "south wild land", to Qin Army South to integrate into civilization; However, archaeological research has found that this view is a "historical misunderstanding", and a large number of cultural relics unearthed show that the Lingnan area had existed before the Qin Dynasty Neolithic age and Bronze Age Highly civilized, too Chinese civilization One of the birthplaces [17] .
香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港
Hong Kong
  • Qin and Han Dynasties
222 BC, King of Qin Ying Zheng After the unification of the six States, "because of the southern expedition of the King of Baiyue", Pai Tu Sui Led half a million Qin troops to attack Lingnan; In 214 BC, the Qin army basically occupied Lingnan. Immediately, the First Emperor of Qin set up three counties in the Lingnan region, namely, Guilin, Xiang and Nanhai [16] . To include the Hong Kong area in its territory, is Panyu county Govern. From then on, Hong Kong was placed under the jurisdiction of the central government and clearly became the first of its kind Central Plains dynasty Territory (narrow sense Central Plains Refers to the present Henan area. The broad Central Plains, refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River), from this time until Qing Dynasty With the relocation of the Central Plains civilization to the south, the Hong Kong region was able to gradually develop.
Hong Kong place names in "Yue Da Ji"
Han Dynasty, Hong Kong subordinated South Sea Boluo County .
  • The two Jin dynasties
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907) Salty and mild For six years (331), Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County Bao 'an County . The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907) Emperor Cheng of Jin In the sixth year of Xianhe, the eastern part of Nanhai County was carved out and another Dongguan county was set up, with six counties including Baoan, Xingning and Haifeng. The jurisdiction of Bao 'an County included today's Hong Kong area and Shenzhen , The city of Dongguan The county seat is today's Shenzhen Nantou City.
  • Sui and Tang dynasties
Sui Dynasty He also abolished Dongguan County and incorporated the jurisdiction into it Canton prefecture South Sea Bao 'an County was also changed to belong to Nanhai County, and Hong Kong was still under the administration of Bao 'an County.
Tang to De two years (757), changed Baoan county 东莞县 Hong Kong is still affiliated to 东莞县.
  • Song and Yuan Dynasties
Song Wang Tai, Hong Kong
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture. The Yuan Dynasty of China Jiangxi province , Yuan Dynasty It's in the southwest of Hong Kong Tuen mun In the outer port of Guangzhou in Tuen Mun and set up inspection department, garrison, to prevent Pirate Invade and defend the Canton area.
  • Ming and Qing dynasties
During the reign of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, part of the area was set up from 东莞县 Xin 'an County It was later called Hong Kong. Hong Kong Island Ming Shenzong From the first year of Wanli (1573) until the second year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1841), the area was under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County, Guangzhou Prefecture.
In the first year of Kangxi's reign (1662), Qing government Send troops to The New Territories And ordered villagers to wear braids. Hong Kong had always played an important role in foreign trade during the Qing Dynasty because Hong Kong was geographically close to Guangzhou, which was the only city open to the outside world during the Qing Dynasty Trading port .
Before the opening of Hong Kong in 1841, there was a general distribution of views
British I had my eye on Hong Kong in my early years Victoria Harbour It had the potential to become an excellent port in East Asia until the late 19th century, after the defeat of the Qing Dynasty, the territory was ceded and leased to the British in batches.
On January 26, 1841, the 21st year of Qing Daoguang, The First Opium War After the British occupation Hong Kong Island Later, the Qing government tried to recover it by force, Taoist emperor Many decrees were issued to this end, but the Qing Dynasty was never able to defend its territorial integrity [5] .
The Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking on a British warship.
Qing Daoguang twenty-second year (1842) August 29, Qing government Signed an unequal treaty with Britain Treaty of Nanking "(original title" Treaty of Jiangning He ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain [5] .
On October 24, 1860, in the Tenth year of Qing Xianfeng, China and Britain signed an unequal treaty. Treaty of Beijing ", cession Kowloon Peninsula Boundary street South of the area to Britain [5] .
On June 9, 1898, the 24th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the British forced the Qing Government to sign the" Expansion of Hong Kong site section "(commonly known as" New Territories Tenancy Agreement ") to the north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula, Shenzhen River Areas to the south, and more than 200 small and large islands, with a 99-year lease (ending June 30, 1997) [5] . Through three treaties, the British shared possession including Hong Kong Island , Kowloon and The New Territories The total area was 1,092 square kilometers of Chinese territory, which is the area of the entire territory of Hong Kong today.
  • Republic of China
On December 25, 1941 (called "Black Christmas Day" by Hong Kong people), World War II In the meantime, Japanese army Invading Hong Kong, the British garrison was powerless to resist, at the time Governor of Hong Kong Yang Muqi There was no choice but to surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan, beginning the "Japanese Occupation period" of three years and eight months. [5] . War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Period, Communist Party of China Lead the people to establish South China Guerrilla group , proceed National revolutionary war . [89]
On September 15, 1945, after the defeat of the Republic of China, Japan signed a surrender and withdrew from Hong Kong, and Hong Kong was re-administered by the United Kingdom [5] .
Sino-British Joint Declaration signing ceremony
World War II Since then, Hong Kong's economy and society have developed rapidly and become the second largest New York , London The third largest financial center in the world. Not only become The four Asian Tigers It is also a financial, service and shipping center in Asia.
  • People's Republic of China
Hong Kong handover ceremony
From 1982 to 1984, China and Britain conducted negotiations on the implementation of the future of Hong Kong, and on December 19, 1984, signed the" Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong Decides that the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. China undertakes to implement" One country, two systems ".
On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established, and the Basic Law came into effect. Hong Kong has entered the" One country, two systems "," Hong Kong people rule Hong Kong ", High degree of autonomy A new era in history [7] .
Night view of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong

Administrative division

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Administrative division
Administrative division
details
Hong Kong Island
Central and western districts , Wan Chai District , east area , South District
Kowloon Peninsula
Yau Tsim Mong District , Sham Shui Po District , Kowloon city district , Wong Tai Sin District , Kwun tong district
The New Territories
North District , Tai Po district , Sha Tin district , Sai kung district , Tsuen Wan district , Tuen mun district , Yuen long district , Kwai tsing district , Outlying island area
Note: According to the relevant provisions of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, only non-political regional organizations shall be established in the above-mentioned districts. [124]

Geographical environment

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Location boundary

The geographical coordinates of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region are between latitude 22°08 'and 22°35' north, and longitude 113°49 'and 114°31' east [121] Located in the south of China, Pearl River Estuary East, West and Macau, China Across the sea, north and Guangdong Province Shenzhen It is adjacent to Guangdong Province in the south Zhuhai City Wanshan Islands , distance Guangdong Province Guangzhou City It's about 200 kilometers. The area covers Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, the New Territories and 262 surrounding islands. The total land area is 1113.76 square kilometers, of which 80.72 square kilometers are Hong Kong Island, 46.94 square kilometers are Kowloon, 986.10 square kilometers are New Territories; The sea area is 1,641.21 square kilometers [121] .
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

landform

Google Maps showing Hong Kong
The terrain of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is mainly hilly, with the highest point being 957 meters above sea level Tai Mo Shan . Hong Kong has less flat land. About 20% of the land is lowland, mainly in the northern part of the New Territories Yuen long plain And Fanling lowlands are naturally formed by rivers Alluvial fan plain ; Second is reclaimed land on the Kowloon Peninsula and the northern part of Hong Kong Island, which has expanded from the original narrow flat land. Although Hong Kong takes its name from Hong Kong Island, the largest island in Hong Kong is more than twice as large Lantau island .

climate

Victoria Harbour
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is maritime with four distinct seasons Subtropical monsoon climate The average annual temperature is 23.3℃. Temperatures can drop below 10 ° C in winter and rise above 31 ° C in summer. Rainfall is concentrated between May and September, accounting for about 80% of the annual rainfall. Abundant rainfall throughout the year, four seasons of flowers, spring is warm and foggy, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is sunny and winter is slightly dry and cold. [5] [22]
In addition, the concentration of high-rise buildings and dense population in the urban area of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region make it easy to produce a microclimate Heat island effect There is a significant temperature difference between urban and suburban areas, and urban areas with high-rise buildings make the air more polluted. Suspended particle "Harder to blow apart.

hydrology

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is located in a humid subtropical environment with abundant rivers and well-developed surface water systems. But the range of water system is limited, there is no big river. Apart from the Shenzhen River, which is the boundary between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, there are mainly Shing Mun River Most of the rivers are not more than 5 miles in length, and the flow velocity and discharge are closely related to seasonal rainfall, which is highly unstable in the middle of the year. In the dry season, it is difficult to maintain water flow or break off, and the river bed is exposed or partially exposed, while in the wet season, it is easy to reach the full bank water level and flood into disaster. Shenzhen River originates from Niuwei Ridge of Wutong Mountain, flows into Shenzhen Bay from northeast to southwest, and exits Lingdingyang. It has a total length of 37 kilometers and a drainage area of 312.5 square kilometers, including 187.5 square kilometers on the Shenzhen side and 125 square kilometers on the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region side. Within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Wutong River It is a major tributary of the Shenzhen River.
香港 香港 香港 维多利亚港 香港
Hong Kong

Natural resources

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Marine resources

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is close by Continental shelf The ocean is vast, there are many islands, and the fishery production environment is unique, producing more than 150 kinds of commercial value Marine fish , mainly redshirt , nine-stick fish, walleye, Yellow croaker , Yellow belly fish and squid . [5]
香港 香港 香港 香港
Hong Kong

Mineral resources

There are small amounts of iron, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, beryl, graphite and other minerals in the territory of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. [5]

Population nationality

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EDITOR

Population number

Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong, one country, two systems
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has one of the highest population densities in the world. As of the end of 2018, Hong Kong had a living population of about 7.48 million, with a land population density of 6,890 people per square kilometer, of which nearly 80% of the population lived in the coastal area, which accounted for 15% of the area. Over the past decade, Hong Kong's population has grown by an average of 0.8 per cent a year. [5]
At the end of 2019, Hong Kong's provisional population was 750,700, an increase of 14,200 people or 0.2% over the end of 2018.
The majority of Hong Kong's population is Chinese nationality . According to 2017 statistics, Chinese nationals account for about 91.4% of Hong Kong's population. Other nationalities mainly include The Philippines (about 190,000, 2.6%), Indonesia (about 170,000, 2.3%) and India (about 33,000, or 0.4%). [5]
Hong Kong has been promoted since the 1950s Family planning It advocated two children per family in order to reduce the high fertility rate at that time. In 2017, Hong Kong's fertility rate was 1.19, ranking fourth from the bottom among 224 regions in the world. From 2007 to 2017, the birth rate in Hong Kong dropped from 10.2 to 7.7 per 1,000 births. On the other hand, United Nations Population Fund According to the World Population Survey Report released in 2018, the average life expectancy of women in Hong Kong is 87 years, and the average life expectancy of men is 81 years Japan Has the highest life expectancy in the world [4] . Hong Kong's population continues to age as the post-war baby boomers age. Since 2007, the median age of Hong Kong's population has reached 40 years and has been steadily rising by at least 0.3 years per year. From 2007 to 2017, the median age rose by nearly four years. [23]
As of the end of 2020, the population of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is 7,744,200. [97]
By the end of 2022, Hong Kong's provisional population was 7,333,200, a decrease of 68,300 compared with 7,40.15 million at the end of 2021. In 2022, there were 32,500 births and 62,100 deaths in Hong Kong, with a natural reduction (i.e. more deaths than births) of 29,500. [137]
As of mid-2023, the provisional population of Hong Kong was 7,498,100, an increase of 152,000, or 2.1%, over the same period last year [160] .
The Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government reported on the 20th that the provisional population of Hong Kong at the end of 2023 was 7,503,100, compared with 7,472,600 in the same period in 2022, an increase of 30,500, or 0.4% [163] .
The population of Hong Kong SAR (2017-2022) changed
Reference sources: [148-153]

Sex ratio

The phenomenon of more women than men in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region began in 2000, when the male to female ratio was 967 men for every 1,000 women. In 2017, the male population of Hong Kong was 3.392 million, and the female population was 3.999 million, with women outnumbering men by more than 600,000. [23]
Asia's world city - Hong Kong

Poor population

November 10th, 2021, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region According to the "Hong Kong Poverty Report 2020" released, in 2020, the poor population after the intervention of the SAR government's policies will be 553,500 people, with a poverty rate of 7.9%, a year-on-year decrease of 88,000 and 1.3 percentage points respectively. Before the policy intervention, the number of poor people was 1,652,500, and the poverty rate was 23.6%. [108]

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

Development history
Victoria Harbour
In the history of Hong Kong's economic development, it has experienced two times Economic transformation . Before 1950, Hong Kong's economy was dominated by Entrepot trade Main. From the 1950s, Hong Kong began to industrialize, and by 1970, industrial exports accounted for 81% of total exports, marking the transformation of Hong Kong from a simple transit port to an industrialized city, achieving the first transformation of Hong Kong's economy.
In the early 1970s, Hong Kong implemented the policy of economic diversification, and Hong Kong's finance, real estate, trade and tourism developed rapidly. Especially since the 1980s, mainland factors have become the most important external factors promoting Hong Kong's economic development. Most of Hong Kong's manufacturing industry has been transferred to the Mainland, and various service industries have achieved comprehensive and rapid development. The second economic transition from manufacturing to services has been realized. [24]
Economic data
Hong Kong will have a better tomorrow!
In 2019, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at market prices was HK $2.9 trillion, a real decrease of 1.2% year-on-year, and the per capita GDP was HK $382,000. The underlying inflation rate is 2.9%, and price growth is moderate. At the end of the same year, the working population was 3.966 million, and the unemployment rate was 3.3 percent. Hong Kong's economy is dominated by the service sector, which has long accounted for over 90% of its GDP. [25]
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has a sound fiscal position. At the end of 2019, its total fiscal reserves were HK $1,133.1 billion. Foreign exchange reserve Assets of $441.3 billion. [25]
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is global Multinational corporation The preferred location for our Asia Pacific headquarters. In 2019, there were 1,541 regional headquarters, 2,490 regional offices and 5,009 local offices of multinational enterprises in Hong Kong respectively. [25] In 2022, Hong Kong has been ranked 7th in the Asia Pacific City Industrial Sustainability Index. [142-143]
In 2021, the GDP of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will increase by 6.4 percent year-on-year. In 2021, private consumption expenditure will rise by 5.7% year on year; Government consumer spending rose 4.6% from a year earlier; Gross domestic fixed capital formation rose 10.1% year-on-year. Total exports of goods and imports of goods also increased by 19.0% and 17.5% respectively. [146]
In 2022, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region's annual real growth will range from 3.5% to 5.5%, and the annual underlying inflation rate will be 1.7%. [147] In 2022, the GDP of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will reach HK $2,827 billion, which is about RMB 2,428 billion yuan at the average exchange rate in 2022. [138] The final accounting GDP was HK $2,818.046 billion. [164]
On 19 March 2024, the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government released preliminary figures on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by economic activity for the fourth quarter of 2023 and the full year of 2023 on a quarter-on-quarter basis. According to preliminary statistics, the overall GDP of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region increased by 4.3% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared with the same period of the previous year, and for the whole of 2023 compared with 2022, the GDP increased by 3.2% in real terms. [165]
Changes in the gross domestic Product (GDP) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2017-2022)
Reference sources: [138] [154-158]
Economic policy
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a champion Free market the capitalism The economic system, whose economic focus lies in the government's implementation Laisser faire Policy. Heritage Foundation Since 1995, and Canada The Faisal Institute's Free Economic System report, published since 1996, has consistently ranked Hong Kong first in the world.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region adopts a simple tax system with a low tax rate. Individual salaries tax exceeding the allowance shall be levied in different proportions, up to a maximum of 17%, and corporate profits tax shall be taxed at a rate of 16.5% without taking into account special deductions. [25]
Economic status
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an international financial, shipping and trade center with a developed economy [25] . In September 2019, the headquarters was located Britain London The think tank Z/Yen Group published the 26th issue Global Financial Centers Index In the Global Financial Centre Index, Hong Kong ranked third, just behind New York and London 26 [27] . In October 2012, World Economic Forum The Financial Development Report 2012 was released, and Hong Kong topped the list for the second consecutive year. As of 2019, Hong Kong has been rated the world's freest economy for 25 consecutive years, Index of economic freedom Ranked first.
Economic exchanges and cooperation between the two places
The Mainland is the largest trading partner of the HKSAR, and Hong Kong is the mainland's most important trade entrepot. In 2019, Hong Kong imported HK $2,058.1 billion from the mainland and exported HK $2,2210.9 billion to the mainland. At the same time, Hong Kong and the mainland are each other's largest sources of foreign investment. In 2019, the mainland's total non-financial investment in Hong Kong reached US $63.56 billion, accounting for 57.5% of the mainland's total outbound non-financial investment, and attracted US $96.3 billion of investment from Hong Kong, accounting for 69.7% of the mainland's total foreign investment. With" Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect "" Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect "" Bond Connect "And mutual recognition of funds and other pilot policies continue to be launched, the two capital market connectivity channels are gradually increasing, and the mechanism is constantly improving." Currently, to participate in" the Belt and Road "Construction, Guangdong-hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Under the guidance of major national strategies such as construction, Hong Kong and the mainland continue to improve the mechanism of complementary advantages and coordinated development, and Hong Kong will better integrate into the overall development of the country. [25]

Banking industry

Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is one of the world's major banking centers at the end of 2019 Hong Kong Monetary Authority There are 194 approved banking institutions, of which 164 are licensed banks, 17 are restricted licensed banks and 13 are deposit-taking companies respectively, with total assets of approved institutions in the banking system amounting to HK $24.5 trillion. The Hong Kong stock market has a greater influence in the world and at the end of 2019 Hong Kong Stock Exchange There are 2,449 listed companies (Main Board and GEM) with a total stock market value of HK $38.2 trillion. In 2019, a total of HK $452 billion was raised in the stock market, of which HK $312.9 billion was raised in ipos, ranking first in the world. Hong Kong is the world's largest offshore RMB business hub, financing and asset management center. At the end of 2019, the total RMB deposits (including outstanding certificates of deposit) in the banking system of Hong Kong were 658 billion yuan, the loan balance was 153.7 billion yuan, and the total RMB trade settlement processed by Hong Kong banks in 2019 was 5.4 trillion yuan. [25] [28] Hong Kong's official foreign exchange reserve assets stood at US $427.4 billion at the end of April 2023 (US $430.8 billion at the end of March 2023). Including outstanding foreign exchange contracts, Hong Kong's foreign exchange reserve assets stood at US $426.6 billion at end-April 2023 (US $430.4 billion at end-March 2023). [145]
currency
Some Hong Kong dollar notes in circulation
The currency of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is Hong Kong dollar (HK$). There are three note-issuing banks in Hong Kong, namely Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited , HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank . Hong Kong takes maintaining the stability of the currency value as the basic objective of its monetary policy and implements it Linked exchange rate system That is, HK $7.8 to US $1. [25]
Foreign exchange
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Foreign exchange market It is well developed and active in trading, and occupies an indispensable position in the global foreign exchange market. As Hong Kong is linked to other foreign exchange markets overseas, it can trade foreign exchange with the rest of the world 24 hours a day. On the basis of Bank for International Settlements The triennial global survey, conducted in 2016, Hong Kong foreign exchange market It ranks sixth in the world in terms of turnover. [29]
gold
The gold market in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the third largest in the world, and its gold exchange is called Hong Kong gold and silver trading ground Founded in 1910.
Equity bond
Securities trading in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region began in the early days of Hong Kong in the 19th century, but it was not until the establishment of the Hong Kong Brokers Association in 1891 that Hong Kong began to have a formal stock exchange market. In 1914, the association was renamed the Hong Kong Association of Brokers. In 1921, the Hong Kong Stock Chamber of Commerce was incorporated as the second exchange in Hong Kong. After the end of World War II, the two schools merged in 1947 to become Hong Kong Stock Exchange . In 2018, Hong Kong's IPO market raised HK $286.5 billion, ranking first in the world. [28]
香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道 香港街道
Hong Kong Street scene
Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
2014年4月，国务院总理李克强于博鳌论坛宣布试点沪港股市互联互通机制，随后中央和香港证监会联合声明披露，试点计划需时6个月准备 [30] . The Hong Kong Stock Exchange issued an announcement on November 10, 2014, and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission jointly announced the approval Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect It was launched on 17 November 2014. [31]
See article for details: Hong Kong Stock Exchange , Hong Kong Stock Exchange

tourism

In the first half of 2014, the tourism printing income of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was HK $11.61 million, an increase of 0.8% compared with 2013; In June, printing revenue was HK $2.34 million, an increase of 7.9 per cent year-on-year. [32]
Hong Kong Brand - Asia's World City
As of May 2014, the number of visitors to Hong Kong has exceeded 24.03 million, an increase of 13.6% compared with 2013. Among them, the number of visitors to Hong Kong in May was about 4.59 million, an increase of 10.8%. In the first five months of 2014, the mainland remained the largest source of tourists to Hong Kong, with 18.43 million visitors, up 17.6% year-on-year, accounting for 76.7% of the total number of visitors to Hong Kong. Taiwan and South Korea ranked second and third. [32]
As of May 2014, the number of mainland visitors to Hong Kong was 3.45 million, an increase of 13.1% compared with 2013; The number of visitors from Taiwan reached 160,000, up 11.8% year on year. The number of US visitors to Hong Kong was 96,000, up 6.8 per cent year-on-year. [32]
On January 16, 2023, Hong Kong Tourism Board The annual visitor figures for 2022 will be announced. The data show that the preliminary number of visitors to Hong Kong in 2022 is 600,000, an increase of more than 560 on a year-on-year basis %. [144]

Foreign trade

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the world's eighth largest trading economy and one of the world's major exporters of garments, watches, jewellery, toys, games, electronics and certain light industrial products. In 2019, Hong Kong's total trade in goods amounted to HK $8.4 trillion, of which overall exports of goods amounted to HK $4.0 trillion and imports of goods amounted to HK $4.4 trillion. Total trade in services amounted to HK $1.4 trillion, of which HK $0.8 trillion was exported and HK $0.6 trillion was imported. [25]

transportation

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EDITOR

City traffic

rail traffic
MTR colorful station name wall
MTR (Mass Transit Railway, MTR [33] ) is the most important form of public transport in the urban area of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, divided into nine routes (six by the MTR Corporation and three by the former Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation), which are interconnected island , Kowloon , The New Territories the Tsuen Wan , Tung chung , Tseung Kwan O , Take water , Ma On Shan , Yuen Long, Tuen mun Etc. The walk starts at around 6 a.m. and continues until midnight every few minutes. Fares range from $4 (two stops) to $51 (Lo Wu to Hong Kong Disneyland).
bus
Bus (bus) operated by a number of companies: New bus, which runs part of the Hong Kong Island route; KMB, all over Kowloon and the New Territories; Citybus, which runs part of the Hong Kong Island route (all the above three companies have cross-harbour tunnel or airport route); The Lantau bus only uses more than 10 routes on the island and two routes to and from the Shenzhen Bay Port; Long Win, a KMB subsidiary, operates bus services between the New Territories and the airport. Urban fares start at more than $2 per trip. Public small (type) bus (bus) is divided into green body (special line) and red body two, the fare is similar to the bus.
Light Rail (LRT)
Between Tuen Mun and Yuen Long in the New Territories, there are shuttle buses to more isolated areas.
tram
Walking only in the urban area (north) of Hong Kong Island is cheapest (current price $3), but the speed is slower, such as short trips or city sightseeing, the most comfortable.
ferryboat
Star Ferry, New World First Ferry, Yau Ma Tei Ferry Company, Hong Kong Kowloon Ferry Company, etc.

License plate number

For details, see Baidu Encyclopedia entry:" Hong Kong licence plate ".

External traffic

highroad
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge : The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge spans the Lingdingyang Bay, connecting the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the east and Guangdong Province in the west Zhuhai City and Macau The Special Administrative Region, under the framework of "one country, two systems", is the first large-scale cross-sea transport project jointly built by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. It officially started construction in December 2009 and officially opened to traffic on October 24, 2018. [34]
railway
Hung Hom station : Beijing-kowloon Railway
West Kowloon Station, Hong Kong : Guangzhou-shenzhen-hong Kong Express rail Link
Sea transport
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an important maritime transport hub in Asia, typically providing about 340 container ship services per week to about 470 destinations worldwide, with a container throughput of 18.364 million TEUs in 2019, ranking seventh in the world. [25]
Between Kowloon and Hong Kong Island Victoria Harbour It is one of the three great natural harbors in the world because of the wide water depth and the surrounding area. Shenzhen River 是香港和中国内地之间的边界线，使香港和中国内地之间出现了陆地交接点。
aviation
Hong Kong International Airport It is the world's busiest cargo hub and one of the top 10 busiest passenger airports in the world, regularly offering more than 1,100 daily flights to about 240 destinations around the world, including about 50 mainland cities. In 2019, Hong Kong Airport handled 4.8 million tons of air cargo and 71.5 million air passengers. [25]
West Kowloon Station of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-Speed Rail Link

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Educational cause

Educational policy
Education expenditure is the largest item of overall government expenditure in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, accounting for nearly a fifth of total government expenditure in the 2017-2018 financial year. The Government has a student financial assistance scheme to ensure that no student is denied access to education due to financial hardship, and has implemented various measures to ensure that the high standard of education in Hong Kong is maintained [29] . The education system in Hong Kong is broadly divided into the following parts:
1, Free preschool education: through private kindergartens and kindergartens, preschool children are provided with opportunities to learn to get along with the group.
2. 12-year free education: establish government or subsidy to subsidize primary, primary and pre-school children in Hong Kong to provide six-year primary and three-year junior secondary courses for all school-age children in Hong Kong.
3, high school and preparatory courses: the establishment of two-year high schools (secondary 4, Secondary 5), to provide students with the most basic education before work; Two-year foundation courses (Form 6 and Form 7) are set up to prepare students for university entrance.
Since September 2007, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has implemented a new system "Three three four" school system That is, three years of junior high school, three years of senior high school, and four years of university, a change from the traditional British university system (three years) and the implementation of a four-year university system.
Educational institution
University of Hong Kong SAR classification
Higher education in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region includes statutory universities, statutory colleges, registered post-secondary colleges, Vocational Training Council Institutions and general institutions, there are currently 22 degree-awarding institutions of higher learning. [35]
A statutory university is a statutory university regulated by independent legislation with the consent and approval of the Chief Executive in Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the third reading of the relevant legislation by the Legislative Council. Up to now, there are 10 statutory universities and 9 accredited post-secondary colleges in Hong Kong (see table below). [125]
type
Colleges and universities
The legal basis for the establishment of the university
remark
Statutory university
University of Hong Kong
Chapter 1053 University of Hong Kong Ordinance [134]
public
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Chapter 1109 The Chinese University of Hong Kong Ordinance [126]
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Chapter 1141 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Ordinance [127]
Hong Kong City University
Chapter 1132 City University of Hong Kong Ordinance [128]
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Chapter 1075 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Ordinance [129]
Hong Kong Baptist University
Chapter 1126 Hong Kong Baptist University Ordinance [130]
Lingnan University
Chapter 444 Education University of Hong Kong Ordinance [131]
The Education University of Hong Kong
Chapter 1165 Lingnan University Ordinance [133]
Metropolitan University of Hong Kong
Chapter 1145 Metropolitan University of Hong Kong Ordinance [132]
Statutory college
Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts
Chapter 1135 Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts Ordinance [135]
Accredited post-secondary colleges [35]
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Chapter 320 Post-Secondary Colleges Ordinance [136]
private
Hang Seng University of Hong Kong
Zhuhai College of Hong Kong
St. Francis University [162]
Donghua College
Hong Kong Neng Yan College
Hong Kong technical college
Honn Christian Academy
Ycis Preschool College
Vocational Training Council institutions [35]
Hong Kong Institute of Higher Education Technology
On the basis of Times Higher Education In the Asian University Rankings released in June 2021, the University of Hong Kong ranked fourth in Asia, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology ranked seventh and eighth respectively, giving Hong Kong three places in the top 10 Asian universities. [36]

Sports cause

In 2025, the 15th National Games will be held in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, which is the first time that the National Games will be jointly held by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. [166]

Cultural undertaking

Pop music
Cantonese music The 1930s was the golden age of Cantonese opera, and it was also the most popular entertainment for Hong Kong people. During this period, Hong Kong's popular culture was just a strip of water from Guangzhou, and no unique Hong Kong culture was formed. After the 1950s, Hong Kong absorbed the popularization of culture from Shanghai, coupled with the influence of Europe and the United States for many years, since the 1970s, Xu Guanjie The creation of the Hong Kong oral deductive method, driven by the trend of Chinese songs, has played a decisive role in the promotion and development of "Cantopop".
Four Heavenly Kings of Hong Kong
The 1980s were not just about Hong Kong Cantopop A hundred flowers bloom It was also the heyday of Hong Kong's music scene. Xu Guanjie , Gu Jiahui , Huang Zhan And actively participate in songwriting, Beyond The band sticks to original music and promotes local music. 1980s Xu Xiaofeng , Tam Yonglin , Leslie Cheung , Anita Mui Dominating the Hong Kong music scene, these singers have fans in all Chinese areas, and more actively participate in movies, which is a guarantee of box office, sound, color and art. Other popular singers and bands from the late 1980s to the early 1990s Rowan , Lin Zixiang , Wang Jie , Chen Baiqiang , Ye Qianman , Elaine Lam , Chen Huixian , Guan Shuyi , Li Keqin , Damin faction , grasshopper , Faye Wong And" The four Heavenly Kings " Jacky Cheung , Andy Lau , Dawn and Aaron Kwok Etc. These singers/groups are all in the Chinese music scene Shine brightly . In the 2000s, Nicholas Tse , gujuji , Eason Chan , Twins Other singers/groups are also rare and excellent singers. [37]
Hong Kong films
Bruce Lee
Hong Kong cinema began in 1913 with the first Hong Kong film, Zhuang Zi tests his wife ". After the Second World War, a large number of mainland film talents and funds moved south, and a number of film companies were established in Hong Kong, which made Cantonese films extremely prosperous in the 1950s. Among them, the 1949" Fei-hung Wong With more than 60 consecutive films, it has become the longest-running film series in world history. There was a time when governments in East Asia only allowed Hong Kong films to be imported, giving Hong Kong the nickname "Hollywood of the East" : Chu Yuan , Chow Yun-fat , Angie Chiu , Leslie Cheung , Bruce Lee , Wong Kar-wai , John Woo , Tsui Hark , Ann Hui , Fruit Chen , Michelle Yeoh , Jet Li , Jackie Chan , Maggie Cheung , Andy Lau , Tony Leung , Nicholas Tse , Zheng Shaoqiu , Stephen Chow It enjoys a high reputation in the world. It is held every year between March and April Hong Kong International Film Festival and Hong Kong Film Awards "Is an annual event in the Hong Kong film industry. [37]
The development of film and television industry
The 1980s was the heyday of Hong Kong film, with an annual production of 300 films at its peak, surpassing India, which had the world's largest film production at that time. Since the late 1990s, along with VCD , DVD With the development and popularization of technology, Hong Kong's film industry began to decline, and only 60 films were shot in 2004.
Hong Kong Film Awards
Hong Kong Film Awards , Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award , Asian Film Awards .
Hong Kong media
Commercial TV stations: Wireless television (include Wireless pay television ), Asia Television , Hong Kong cable Television , now Hong Kong , Hong Kong Broadband bbTV , Hong Kong Satellite TV , Phoenix TV .
Commercial radio: Radio Television Hong Kong , Commercial radio Hong Kong .
Print media: As of early 2013, there were 22 Chinese dailies, 13 English dailies, 7 English and bilingual dailies and 5 Japanese dailies registered in Hong Kong. Among the Chinese-language newspapers, 17 mainly cover Hong Kong and world news.

Social security

Public security situation
Residential buildings in Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a safe city and the overall crime rate remains low compared to many major international cities. The overall crime figure in Hong Kong in 2018 was 54,225, the lowest since 1974. Gun control in Hong Kong is very strict and it is extremely difficult for anyone to own a gun. There are police patrols in both urban and suburban areas, so the public order in Hong Kong is good day and night. [29] [38]
Hong Kong police
Hong Kong police It is one of the disciplined services in Hong Kong. As at 30 September 2019, the Hong Kong Police Force had 31,083 disciplined officers and 4618 civilian staff. The Hong Kong Police authority is Hong Kong Police Force . [39]
The full name of the Hong Kong PTU Police Tactical Unit, referred to as the mobile force, commonly known as the Blue hat, was established in 1958, under the Operations Department of the Hong Kong Police Operations Division Police Regional Operations Department, is a quasi-militarized riot police. In 1968, the Police Training Detachment changed its organization and changed its name to the Police Mobile Unit. With the consent of the Commissioner of Police, in 1969 all officers were replaced with blue berets, ankle bands and boots, hence the common name blue caps. The operation mode of the Hong Kong PTU is to regularly deploy police officers from different police departments, and after the completion of the PTU task, the members are disbanded and then assigned to various police departments. In PTU, police officers receive various training in physical fitness, riot control, and tactics. [40]

political

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EDITOR

Basic policy

Hong Kong returned to the motherland in 1997
In the early 1980s, to achieve the peaceful reunification of the country, the country's leaders Deng Xiaoping Creatively proposed" One country, two systems "The scientific conception and first used to solve the Hong Kong problem." Socialist system Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan maintain their original status Capitalist system Long-term invariance [7] . Hong Kong's policies will remain unchanged for 50 years after its return to the motherland, and there is no need to change them after 50 years [41] .
Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Since Hong Kong's return to the motherland, "one country, two systems" has been transformed from a scientific concept into a vivid reality. The central government acts in strict accordance with the Basic Law, earnestly fulfils its constitutional responsibilities, and firmly supports the Chief Executive and the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in exercising law-based governance. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall implement the law High degree of autonomy It enjoys administrative, legislative, independent judicial and final adjudication powers, continues to maintain the original capitalist system and way of life unchanged, the law is basically unchanged, continues to maintain prosperity and stability, and develops in an all-round way in various undertakings [7] .
The Central Government has full jurisdiction over the HKSAR, including the powers directly exercised by the Central Government and authorizing the HKSAR to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with law. For the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region High degree of autonomy The central government has supervisory power [42] .
The central government adheres to two principles in implementing the policy of "one country, two systems". First, it is firm and will not change or waver. Second, it is comprehensive and accurate to ensure that the practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong does not go out of shape, does not change shape, and always moves in the right direction.
We will continue to promote the successful practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong Chinese dream An important part of. Both must be implemented Socialist system If the mainland is well developed, we will also implement it Capitalist system The construction of Hong Kong well.
The basic principles and policies of the People's Republic of China towards Hong Kong are as follows:
(1) In order to safeguard national unity and territorial integrity and taking into account the history and reality of Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China has decided to establish a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China upon the resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong.
(2) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly under the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy, with the exception of foreign and defence affairs which are administered by the Central People's Government.
(3) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The current law remains largely unchanged.
(4) The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of local people. The Chief Executive shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and appointed by the Central People's Government. The principal officials shall be nominated by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and reported to the Central People's Government for appointment. Chinese and foreign civil servants and police officers formerly serving in various government departments in Hong Kong may retain their posts. Government departments of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may employ British nationals or other foreign nationals as consultants or in certain public offices.
(5) the existing social and economic systems of Hong Kong will remain unchanged; The same way of life. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, safeguard the rights and freedoms of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of travel, of movement, of correspondence, of striking, of choice of occupation, of academic study and of religious belief. Private property, enterprise ownership, legal inheritance and foreign investment are protected by law.
Hong Kong has a better tomorrow
6. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will maintain the status of a free port and an independent customs territory.
7. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will maintain its status as an international financial centre and continue to open its markets for foreign exchange, gold, securities and futures, with free access to capital. Hong Kong dollars continue to circulate and be freely convertible.
8. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will maintain its financial independence. The Central People's Government shall not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
(9) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish mutually beneficial economic relations with the United Kingdom and other countries. The economic interests of the United Kingdom and other countries in Hong Kong would be taken care of.
(10) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, using the name "Hong Kong, China", may on its own maintain and develop economic and cultural relations and conclude relevant agreements with States, regions and relevant international organizations.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may issue travel documents for entry and exit from Hong Kong on its own.
(11) Public order in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be maintained by the Government of the Region.
(12) With regard to the above-mentioned basic policies of the People's Republic of China towards Hong Kong and the specific explanations of the above-mentioned basic policies and policies in the Annex to this Joint Declaration, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall prescribe them in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and they shall remain unchanged for 50 years.
Bird's eye view of Kowloon Peninsula and Hong Kong Island

Political framework

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a local administrative region of the People's Republic of China, directly under the Central People's Government. The National People's Congress authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law, and to enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. [43]
Special administrative Region government
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region They represent the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and are accountable to both the Central People's Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Chief Executive is also the head of the Government of the Special Administrative Region and performs, in accordance with the Basic Law, the functions and powers conferred on him by the Basic Law to lead the government of the Special Administrative Region and to be responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law, among other functions and powers. In exercising his functions and powers, the Chief Executive shall implement the directives issued by the Central People's Government on matters relating to the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
The Government of the Special Administrative Region shall be composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law. It shall have a Department of Administration, a Department of Finance, a Department of Justice and various bureaux, departments and departments, which shall exercise the functions and powers of formulating and implementing policies and managing various administrative affairs as provided for in the Basic Law. The administrative powers of the Special Administrative Region are extremely extensive and cover economy , education , science , culture , Physical education , religion , Social service , Social security , Entry and exit control And other fields. In addition, as authorized by the central government, the SAR also enjoys certain powers in external affairs. [44]
Hong Kong Government Organization chart
The Chief Executive shall be selected locally in Hong Kong by election or through consultations Central people's government Appointed for a term of five years, the incumbent Chief Executive is Li Jiachao . [110] [118]
Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region It is a body to assist the Chief Executive in decision-making. Its members are appointed by the Chief Executive from among principal Government officials, Members of the Legislative Council and members of the community.
Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region It is the executive organ of the Special Administrative Region. The Government of the Special Administrative Region consists of a Department of Administration, a Department of Finance, a Department of Justice and various bureaux, departments and departments. According to the Basic Law, principal officials of the government of the Special Administrative Region shall be nominated by the Chief Executive and reported to the Central People's Government for appointment. The current Chief Secretary for Administration is Chen Guoji The Financial Secretary is Chen Maobo The Secretary for Justice is Lin Dingguo [119] . [43] [99] [109]
Government House, Hong Kong
Government organizational structure
The title of a professional post
section
Chief executive
Public Service Commission, Office of the Ombudsman , Independent Commission against Corruption , audit Office, Central Policy Unit (Commission on Strategic Development Secretariat), Chief Executive's Office
Chief Secretary for Administration
Chief Secretary for Administration's Office [Administration Department (Protocol, Government Records Service, Former Chief Executive's Office)], Efficiency Unit (1823 Call Centre), Policy and Project Co-ordination Office
Civil service Bureau : Joint Secretariat of the Advisory Committees on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service
Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau : REO, Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing, Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (Mainland), Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office
Education bureau (Charity Youth League) : University Grants Committee Secretariat, Student Financial Assistance Agency
Environment Bureau (Sustainable Development Branch) : Environmental Protection Department
Food and Health Bureau : Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Department of Health (Centre for Health Protection, Tobacco Control Office, Department of Health), Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (Centre for Food Safety), Government Laboratory
Home Affairs Bureau : Home Affairs Department, Information Services Department, Legal Aid Department (Official Counsel's Office), Leisure and Cultural Services Department (Antiquities and Monuments Office, Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra)
Labour and Welfare Bureau : Labour Department, Social Welfare Department (Business Centre)
Security Bureau (Narcotics Division) : Auxiliary Medical Service, Civil Safety Service, Correctional Services Department, Customs and Excise Department, Hong Kong Fire Services Department, Government Flying Service, Hong Kong Police Force (Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force), Immigration Department, Commissioner for Interception of Communications and Surveillance Secretariat
Transport and Housing Bureau : Civil Aviation Department, Highways Department, Housing Department, Marine Department, Transport Department
The Financial Secretary
Financial Secretary's Office (Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Branch), Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Commerce and Economic Development Bureau (Commerce, Industry and Tourism Branch > Tourism Commission > Travel Agents Registry, Communications and Creative Industries Branch) : Hong Kong Observatory, Intellectual Property Department, Invest Hong Kong, Communications Authority Office (Film, Newspaper and Articles Control Office), Post Office, Radio Television Hong Kong, Trade and Industry Department, Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)
Innovation and Technology Bureau : Innovation and Technology Commission, Office of the Government Chief Information Officer
Development Bureau : Architectural Services Department, Buildings Department, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Drainage Services Department, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, Lands Department, Land Registry, Planning Department, Water Supplies Department
Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau 【 Financial Services Branch > (Insider Dealing Tribunal, Securities and Futures Appeals Tribunal), Treasury Branch 】 : Census and Statistics Department, Companies Registry, Government Logistics Department, Government Property Agency, Inland Revenue Department (Inland Revenue Appeal Board), Office of the Commissioner of Insurance, Official Receiver's Office, Rating and Valuation Department, Treasury Department
Secretary for Justice
Attorney general [45]
legislature
Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region It is the legislature of the Special Administrative Region, which is elected and exercises its functions and powers in accordance with the Basic Law, including enacting, amending and repealing laws in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law and in accordance with legal procedures; To examine and approve budgets as proposed by the government; Approve taxes and public spending, etc. The SAR enjoys extremely extensive legislative powers and can enact laws applicable to the Region in civil, criminal, commercial and procedural matters in accordance with the Basic Law. Laws enacted by the Legislative Council of the Special Administrative Region shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. [44]
The seventh Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be elected in December 2021 with a total of 90 seats, including 40 members elected by the Election Committee, 30 Members elected by functional constituencies and 20 members directly elected by geographical constituencies. The term of office will be four years beginning on January 1, 2022. The current President of the Legislative Council is Liang Junyan . [43] [112-113]
Hong Kong Legislative Council Complex
Judicial organ
The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at all levels are the judicial organs of the region and exercise judicial power independently in accordance with law. The Special Administrative Region shall be established after its establishment Court of final appeal Exercise the power of final adjudication of the Special Administrative Region. The judicial system previously practised in Hong Kong shall be maintained except for changes arising from the establishment of the Court of Final Appeal. The common law and related judicial principles and systems previously implemented in Hong Kong, including the principle of independent trial, the principle of following precedent, and the principle of trial by jury, shall continue to be implemented. [44]
The courts of the Special Administrative Region shall have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as national defence and foreign affairs, and shall have jurisdiction over all cases in the Region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong shall be maintained. The courts of the Special Administrative Region may refer to the jurisprudence of other common law jurisdictions in adjudicating cases, and the Court of Final Appeal may, as necessary, invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to participate in the adjudication. [44]
The Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, the District Court, the Magistrates' Court and other specialized courts are established in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The current Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal is Zhang Juneng . [43]
The Court of Final Appeal Building
Independent Commission against Corruption
Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption The Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), formerly known as the "Governor's Special Commission Against Corruption", was established on February 17, 1974, and is now renamed the "ICAC of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region". The CCAC is composed of Commissioners, Deputy Commissioners and other appointed officers. The current Commissioner against Corruption is Hu Yingming [123] .
The ICAC is an independent anti-corruption body separate from all government agencies. The staff of the ICAC are not part of the civil service structure Commissioner against corruption Answerable directly and solely to the Chief Executive of the Government, and in accordance with Article 57 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, with full and independent powers, to deal with all anti-corruption work. [46]

Regional flag and emblem

Regional flag
Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region With red as the background color, red and white symbolize one country, two systems, the central has a five-star flower bud white bauhinia pattern, the bauhinia is the symbol of Hong Kong, the blooming Bauhinia symbolizes the prosperity of Hong Kong, the red background symbolizes Hong Kong always back to the motherland.
Regional emblem
Emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region It is round in shape, except for the standard words "HONG KONG Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" and "Hong Kong" written around it, and the middle is also white with five stars on a red background Chinese redbud Core pattern, its meaning is the same as the regional flag. [47]

Meritorious award system

Hong Kong Honours and Awards system
Universal honor
The Grand Bauhinia Medal , The Golden Bauhinia Star , Silver Bauhinia Star , Bronze Bauhinia Star , Medal of Honor , Chief Executive's Award for Community service , The Chief Executive's commendation for public service
Hong Kong's highest honor - the Grand Bauhinia Medal
valour
Gold Medal of valor , Silver Medal of valor , Bronze Medal of valor
Troop honor
Medal for Excellence , Medal of honor , Long Service Medal
The Long Service Medal, with the first clasp, is awarded to members of the armed Forces who have completed 25 years of service with good conduct and character.
The Long Service Medal, with the second clasp, is awarded to members of the armed Forces who have completed 30 years of service with good conduct and character.
The Long Service Medal, with the third clasp, is awarded to members of the armed Forces who have completed 33 years of service with good conduct and character. [48]

Resident organization in Hong Kong

Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong SAR [49]
State Security Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [50]
Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [51]
People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison [52]

External affairs

The Chinese Hong Kong Olympic delegation held a flag-awarding ceremony
According to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China All foreign affairs are governed by Central people's government Take charge. The Central People's Government authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct relevant external affairs on its own. Hong Kong can improve its economy, trade , finance , shipping , communication , travel In the name of "Hong Kong, China" (Hong Kong, China), it separately maintains and develops relations with countries, regions and relevant international organizations around the world and signs and implements relevant agreements. The international organizations in which Hong Kong participates include World Trade Organization , Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation , Asian Development Bank , Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , Bank for International Settlements , International Olympic Committee Let's wait. [53]
China firmly opposes any foreign interference in Hong Kong affairs in any form. [54]
On September 24, 2021, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a "list of facts" on the United States' interference in Hong Kong affairs and support for anti-China forces in Hong Kong chaos, listing 102 evil acts by the United States to interfere in Hong Kong affairs, and making public the numerous evil acts of the United States to create social unrest in Hong Kong since the "amendment incident" in 2019. [104]
On 21 August 2023, Hong Kong, China, submitted its instrument of accession to the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement (Agreement) to the World Trade Organization (WTO) . [159]

History and culture

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EDITOR

Origin of name

Myth 1: The name of Hong Kong is related to spices. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Hong Kong was administratively subordinate to Dongguan in Guangdong Province. Since the Ming Dynasty, a small harbor in the south of Hong Kong Island was a hub for the transfer of spices from southern Guangdong Province. It was famous for the transfer of spices produced in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, and was called "Hong Kong". It is said that at that time, the spices transferred in Hong Kong were of high quality, known as "Hainan rare", and many local people in Hong Kong also took spices as their business, and Hong Kong became famous together with the spices it planted, and gradually became recognized near and far. Soon this spice was listed as a tribute to the emperor, and created a prosperous incense making and incense transport industry at that time. But later, the villagers refused to grow it, and the cultivation and transportation of spices gradually disappeared, but the name Hong Kong remained. [5]
Statement 2: Hong Kong is a natural harbor, there are sweet and delicious streams nearby, sailors from the sea often come here to get water to drink, over time, sweet streams became famous, this stream, also known as "Hong Kong", and the small harbor formed by the alluvial of the Hong Kong River into the sea began to be called "Hong Kong". A group of British landed on Hong Kong Island from this harbor, so they also used the word "Hong Kong" to name the entire island. To this day, "Hong Kong" is still another name for Hong Kong. [5]
Although there are different accounts, it is almost certain that the name Hong Kong first appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and it was first used to refer to a small harbor and village on what is now Hong Kong Island, before it was expanded to refer to the entire island (Hong Kong Island), and finally, in the early 19th century, became a general term for the entire area occupied by British colonialists. [5]
The English name of Hong Kong is based on the pronunciation of Guangzhou, and the original translation is Heung Kong, and many residents of Hong Kong on the water pronounce "Hong Kong" as "Kang", so the English name is also changed to Hong Kong.
香港 香港 香港 香港 香港 香港
Views of Hong Kong

Language and writing

  • Prevailing language
Hong Kong Access" Two languages and three languages (i.e., Chinese, English, Mandarin , Cantonese and English ), both Chinese and English are the official languages of Hong Kong. According to the statistics in 2016, 88.9% of Hong Kong residents habitually use Cantonese, 4.3% use English, 1.9% use Mandarin, 3.1% use other Chinese dialects, and 1.9% use other languages. Simplified character At that time, Hong Kong was still under British colonial rule, so the most commonly used Chinese characters in Hong Kong are Traditional Chinese . [5] [59]
Although Hong Kong is an international financial city, the use of English is actually very limited. Most of the residents speak Chinese as their daily language, and Cantonese For the mainstream. Hong Kong's electronic media, schools, broadcasting, etc., all use Cantonese as the main language. According to the 1991 census, nearly 90 percent of Hong Kong's population used it Cantonese . Hakka, Teochew, Fujian and Shanghai dialects are spoken by tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people, accounting for about seven percent of the total population. The number of native speakers of Mandarin and English is also small, at 1.1% and 2.2% respectively. [114]

Traditional Chinese opera

Cantonese opera It is a representative traditional performing art in Hong Kong and has become an important mark of Hong Kong's local culture. Cantonese opera is a popular form of entertainment in Hong Kong. It was and still is today. There are two high points in the history of Cantonese opera performance in Hong Kong. One was in the first half of the 20th century, when Hong Kong, though ruled by the British authorities, had no cultural, at least theatrical, separation from Guangdong. The most influential Cantonese opera troupe is commonly known as "Provincial and Hong Kong Big Troupe". Almost all the famous Cantonese opera performers, who are often called "big men", travel to Hong Kong and Guangzhou, creating the prosperity of Cantonese opera in both provinces and Hong Kong. The second upsurge is the present, which is more or less stimulated by the recognition of Cantonese opera as a representative of intangible cultural Heritage by UNESCO, and the Cantonese opera performance in Hong Kong has formed a new boom. The HKSAR Government attaches great importance to the development of Cantonese opera. To support the research, promotion and sustainable development of Cantonese Opera, the Cantonese Opera Development Advisory Committee and the Cantonese Opera Development Fund have been set up. [90-91]

custom

Spring Festival flower market Visiting the flower market during the Spring Festival is one of the most important Spring Festival customs of Hong Kong people, especially on the New Year's Eve, almost every family will go to the flower market to pick flowers or potted plants. I wish you good health, academic progress and success in your career in the coming year. [93]
Lion dance Also known in Hong Kong as Awake lion Every festival or store opening has the tradition of lion performance. Hong Kong is small and crowded with buildings, so firecrackers are not allowed during the Spring Festival. But Hong Kong people want to celebrate the New Year, dragon and lion dance has been a fixture of the Spring Festival since the last century. Every year to watch the dragon and lion dance performance in Hong Kong, it has become a must-visit for many tourists. [94-95]
Hong Kong retains many traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as holding Dragon boat race , "Release paper dragon" ceremony, dragon boat sacrifices, dragon boat swimming and eating zongzi. The first recorded dragon-boat race was held in 1919 in North Point, Eastern District of Hong Kong Island. It later evolved into an annual boat race, and in recent years, international dragon-boat races have also been held. [96]

religion

Almost all the world's major religions are practiced in Hong Kong. Main beliefs of Chinese Buddhism , Taoism . There are more than 360 monasteries in Hong Kong, including 40 public temples and 24 Tin Hau temples. In 1841, the Roman Catholic Mission of the Bishop of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established. 1991, Hong Kong Catholicism The population is about 258,000. The Catholic Church runs schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Christianity Introduced to Hong Kong in 1841, there are now more than 50 sects with 285,000 followers. It also operates schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Other religions include: Islam The congregation is about 50,000, more than half of whom are Chinese, Hinduism About 12,000 followers; There are a few Sikhism and Judaism An apprentice. [5]
Freedom of religion is one of the basic rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents and is protected by the Basic Law and relevant legislation. Hong Kong people believe in different religions. Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Christianity, Catholicism , Islam , Hinduism , Sikhism and Judaism Have a large following. In addition to promoting their teachings, many major religious groups also run schools and provide health and welfare services.

Intangible cultural heritage

Hong Kong's Tin Hau Birthday and Chinese long gown making skills were included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects list. Previously, 10 intangible heritage items in Hong Kong have been inscribed on the National intangible Heritage List, including Cantonese opera, herbal tea, Cheung Chau Tai Ping Jiao Festival, Tai O Dragon Boat Festival, Hong Kong hipsters Yu LAN Sheng Festival, Tai Hang dance fire dragon , Guqin art, Koyi music of Quan Zhen Dao Church, Hakka dance Kirin in Hang Hau, Sai Kung and Wong Tai Sin Sin. [98]

Cultural relics and historic sites

  • Three houses and ancient buildings
Three ancient buildings near Tsuen Wan MTR Station in the New Territories of Hong Kong have a history of more than 200 years. It is one of the oldest Hakka walled villages in Hong Kong. With an area of about 2000 square meters, the layout is like a chessboard, symmetrical left and right, and the front hall, middle hall and ancestral hall are built on the central axis, and the transverse house located on the left and right and the back row encircle the entire village. It was declared a monument in 1981. [139]
  • Cheung Tai UK
Tseng Tai UK is located in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is a walled village built by the founder of the village, Tseng Kuan-wan, for the Tseng clan. It was built in 1847 and took 20 years to complete. Tseng Tai UK is a family house, ancestral hall and castle. In 2009, Tseng Tai UK was rated as a Grade I historic building in Hong Kong. [140]

Immigrant culture

The largest recorded migration began in the Song Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Hakka continued to move into the sea until the end of the Qing Dynasty. Since the opening of the port in the 1850s, a large number of immigrants migrated to Guangdong to seek refuge in stages. They participate in Hong Kong's urban construction and business activities. After World War II, a large number of legal and non-immigrant people flocked to Hong Kong, bringing capital, skills and labor.
About 7,000 years ago, in the middle of the Neolithic Age, the ancestors of Hong Kong were already working and living on this land. It is well documented that large-scale immigration in Hong Kong began in the Song Dynasty. The residents of Hong Kong in the Qing Dynasty mainly consisted of four groups: local, Hakka, Tanka and Crane. [161]

Public holiday

Hong Kong's public holidays are a blend of eastern and western cultural characteristics, a total of 17 days a year, namely: New Year's Day, Chinese New Year (three days), Qingming Festival , Easter (Three days), May 1st International Workers' Day The eighth day of the fourth lunar month Buddha's birthday The fifth day of the fifth lunar month Dragon Boat Festival , the anniversary of the establishment of the SAR on July 1, Mid-Autumn Festival The next day, October 1st National Day , Double Ninth Festival , Christmas (two days). Hong Kong has long listed traditional festivals with Chinese cultural characteristics as holidays, which has also deeply influenced the mainland, which has listed some festivals with Chinese characteristics as national unified since 2009 Statutory holiday . [55]

Gambling and entertainment

Temple Street, Hong Kong
Qing Dynasty Tongzhi In the six years from 1867 to 1871, Hong Kong allowed legal casinos, when there were 12 legal casinos. In 1871, due to internal and external pressures and social problems, Hong Kong banned casino gambling, and the gambling rates collected between four years and the casino charity fund was used to establish the first Chinese hospital in Hong Kong, that is, Tung Wah Hospital. [56]
Horse racing and horse racing betting (betting on horses) is a pastime that many Hong Kong people participate in. There are more than 60 days of racing in a season from September to June of the following year. Day games more than Saturday and Sunday Sha Tin Night games are held more often than Wednesday nights Happy Valley Tickets are available for viewing and betting. There's a direct train on race day Sha tin racecourse . Hong Kong Jockey Club There are more than 100 betting shops in various districts. Apart from horse betting, Mark six Football betting, which began in 2004, is also operated by the Hong Kong Jockey Club.

Event city

Every year, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region hosts a wide range of cultural, recreational and sports activities Hong Kong Arts Festival , Art Basel Hong Kong , Hong Kong International Film Festival , French May Festival , Chinese opera festival , International Variety Club, Hong Kong International Rugby Sevens, Wooden Sixers and International Horse Racing. Hong Kong athletes have also participated in a number of major international games, such as The Asian Games , East Asian Games Let's wait. Hong Kong hosted the event in December 2009 The 5th East Asian Games . [58] 57 -
West Kowloon Cultural District Is a comprehensive cultural venue that includes arts, educational facilities and public Spaces, Hong Kong Palace Museum It also opened to the public on July 3, 2022 [122] .
Central, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region LAN Kwai Fong , "Soho" district, Wan Chai Lockhart Road Along, Causeway Bay and Tsim Sha Tsui ( Nathan Road , Ashlee Road , Norsford Terrace , Peking Road ), there are many bars, karaoke Venues, nightclubs and lounges are all places for residents and tourists to visit.

Urban architecture

The city of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is dominated by modern buildings skyscraper distribution Victoria Harbour On both sides, there are more than 3,000 buildings over 90 meters high. At least half of the world's 100 tallest residential buildings are in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has the highest number of skyscrapers in the world. Hong Kong's architecture includes Chinese-American architects Ieoh Ming Pei contrived Bank of China Tower And by the architect Norman Foster He also designed the HSBC headquarters building and the Hong Kong International Airport.

Major event

In September 1997, World Bank and The International Monetary Fund The annual meeting was held in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. This annual meeting is the first major international conference hosted by Hong Kong after its return to the motherland. It is also the first time for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to hold annual meetings in China [18] .
In 1998, by Asian financial crisis The Hong Kong stock market experienced extreme volatility. With the firm support of the central government, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government has decided to fight back against international speculators, Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investing huge sums of money in the stock and futures markets successfully repelled speculators [18] .
In the early spring of 2003, an outbreak occurred in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Severe respiratory syndrome (SARS) "The epidemic. The SAR government led all sectors of the community in fighting the epidemic, and the outbreak, which lasted for several months, was finally brought under control. On June 23, the World Health Organization announced that Hong Kong was officially removed from the SARS epidemic area [18] . In June of the same year, Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement "( CEPA ) signed, the Central Government subsequently launched a "visit Hong Kong" scheme for Mainland residents Individual tour plan [18] . In November, the People's Bank of China announced that it had agreed to provide clearing arrangements for Hong Kong banks that conduct four types of personal RMB business in Hong Kong (i.e. deposits, exchange, remittances and RMB bank cards).
Signing ceremony of the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
In February 2004, banks in Hong Kong officially launched RMB business [18] . In early June of the same year, the first "Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Cooperation and Development Forum" was held in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the "9+2" regional economic cooperation between nine mainland provinces and regions and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region was officially launched [18] .
In September 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland Welcome to the opening, this is the fifth Disneyland in the world [18] .
In August 2008, Beijing Olympic Games Equestrian competitions were successfully held in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [18] .
Opening Ceremony of the 5th East Asian Games
In December 2009, The 5th East Asian Games Held in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, this is the first time that Hong Kong has hosted an international comprehensive event after its return to the motherland [18] .
In March 2011, the Central Government announced The 12th Five-Year Plan The outline, Hong Kong and Macao for the first time a separate chapter. It aims to consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, trade and shipping centre, and support Hong Kong's development as an international asset management centre Offshore RMB Business center [18] .
February 2019," Outline of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development Plan To consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's position as an international financial, shipping, trading centre and international aviation hub, strengthen its position as a global offshore RMB business hub, and its functions as an international asset management centre and risk management centre, promote the development of finance, commerce, logistics and professional services to a high-end and value-added direction, vigorously develop innovation and technology, and foster emerging industries, To build an international legal and dispute resolution service center in the Asia Pacific region to become a more competitive international metropolis [19] .
On May 28, 2020, the Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress adopted the" Decision of the National People's Congress on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanism for safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region " [20-21] .
On March 11, 2021, the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress adopted the" Decision of the National People's Congress on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region " [87] . In the same month," The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the long-range goals for 2035 We support Hong Kong in enhancing its status as an international financial, shipping, trading center and international aviation hub, and in strengthening its functions as a global offshore RMB business hub, an international asset management center and a risk management center. Supporting the development of Hong Kong International Center for Innovation and Technology , the Asia-Pacific Center for International Legal and Dispute Resolution Services, and the Regional Intellectual Property Trade Center, to support the development of Hong Kong's service industry in the direction of high-end, high value-added, and the development of Hong Kong's cultural and art exchange center [88] .
On the morning of July 1, 2022, the Conference to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the Motherland and the inauguration ceremony of the sixth Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center. General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi Jinping Attend. [117]
On March 19, 2024, the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region unanimously passed the Third reading of the" Regulations of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security " [167] . On March 22, Hong Kong Chief Executive Li Ka-chao signed the ordinance in accordance with Article 48 (3) of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. On March 23, the Regulations of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security were gazetted and came into effect [168] .

Scenic spot

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EDITOR

summarize

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has traditional ancestral shrines, clan villages in the New Territories and temples in the downtown. Visitors can attend by Hong Kong Tourism Board Organized "Ancient and modern architecture tour".

Main attraction

Main attraction
district
Scenic spot
Hong Kong Island
Middle Ring
Middle Ring , Legislative Council building , Queen square , Peace monument , Government House, Hong Kong , Central Dudgery Street Stone steps and gas (gas) street lamps, LAN Kwai Fong
Wan Chai
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre , Golden Bauhinia Square , Happy Valley (Happy Valley), Hong Kong Horse Racing Museum
South District
Repulse Bay , Ocean Park Hong Kong , Stanley , Stanley Street , Stanley New Street and Stanley Market, Murray House
Victoria Peak/The summit
Peak, peak Tram, Lingxiao Pavilion , Madame Tussauds Wax Museum , Hong Kong Taiping Mountain Believe it or not Fun Museum, super dynamic cinema, Peak plaza
Kowloon District
Tsim Sha Tsui
Avenue of Stars , Avenue of Stars Recognition List, Victoria Harbour Night View of the Hong Kong River, former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong Cultural Centre , Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong Kong Museum of Art , Kowloon Mosque , Tsim Sha Tsui Shopping Hotspot, Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Harbour City , Parkway Shopping Boulevard , Granville said
Mong Kok
Ladies' Street , Goldfish Street , Bird Garden, Yuen Po Street, Nathan Road, Mongkok, Garden Street , Sports Street, Shoe Street, Sai yeung Choi Street
Wong Tai Sin/Diamond Hill
Wong Tai Sin Temple
New Territories and outlying Islands
Lantau island
Po Lin Zen Temple , The Temple of Heaven , Hong Kong Baoding , Dinning Hall and Tea Garden, Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car, Ngong Ping Market , Hong Kong Disneyland , Dix Lake Activity Center
Tsing Yi/Ma Wan
Tsing Ma Bridge , Lantau Link Visitor Centre and observation deck
Saigon
Sai Kung Seafood Street
Yuen Long
Hong Kong Wetland Park

Religious and cultural attractions

Wong Tai Sin Temple in Hong Kong
On Hong Kong Island Temple of Wenwu , Tin Hau Temple, Causeway Bay , St. John's Cathedral ; Wong Tai Sin Ancestral Tomb in Kowloon, Hou Wang Temple, Goddess of Mercy Temple of Ciyun Mountain , Kowloon Mosque ; shatin Ten Thousand Buddhas Temple , Che Kung Temple , Peng Ying Sin Pavilion , half garden spring, Dofengsan Christian Church; Tsuen Wan Bamboo Forest Zen Yuan , East Putuo , Tin Hau Temple, Tsuen Wan; gantry Qingshan Temple , Pine Temple , Miaofa Temple ; Yuen long's Lingdu Temple , Yunfu The immortal View; Tin Hau Temple in Sai Kung, Che Kung Temple in Ho Chung and Lantau Island Bo Yeonsa Changzhou North Emperor Temple, Pingzhou Tin Hau Temple, etc.

Folk culture scenic spot

Three houses in Tsuen Wan
Kowloon Kowloon Walled City , Song City , Song Wangtai , The ancient tomb of Li Zhengwu ; Tuen mun Song Tiyan, Red House, Sha Tin Cheung Tai UK Five countries and six villages; Tsuen Wan Three house Village Haikan Village House; SAN Tin, Yuen Long Doctor's regulation , Kam tin Kat hing wai , Shuitou Village Monuments, Poly Star Tower , Tang Ancestral Hall, Ha Tsuen ; Saigon kiln Folk museum Etc.; Island fort and Lantau Island Tung Chung Fort East Dragon Island Buddhist Hall and other old fort.

The museum

The name of the museum is shown below
Leisure and Cultural Services Department
Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence , Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, The tea set Museum , The Naoya Folk Museum , Fireboat Grantham Exhibition Hall , Hong Kong Film Archive
Kowloon
Hong Kong Museum of History , Li Zhengwu Han Tomb Museum , Hong Kong Space Museum , Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre , Hong Kong Science Museum , Hong Kong Museum of Art , M+ Museum
The New Territories
Sandong House Museum , Shangyao folk cultural relics Museum , Hong Kong Heritage Museum , Hong Kong Railway Museum , Pingshan Deng cultural relics Museum Cum Heritage Trail Visitor Centre
Other government departments and public organizations
Airport Core Program Exhibition Center , Exhibition City Hall , Hong Kong Archives of History, Hong Kong Correctional Services Museum , Police museum , Health Education Exhibition and Information Center , Lantau Link Visitor Centre and observation deck , Immigration Department Museum , HKMA Information Centre, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department Exhibition Gallery, Hong Kong Jockey Club Drug Information Centre , Hong Kong Housing Authority Exhibition Centre, Lions Nature Education Center , postal gallery, Urban Renewal Discovery Center , Intellectual property law Enforcement Exhibition Hall , Indoor Air Quality Information Centre, Election Information Centre, ICAC Exhibition Hall
Educational and non-profit organizations
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Heritage Museum , Po Leung Kuk Historical Museum , Museum of Fine Arts, University of Hong Kong , Xu Shifen Geological Museum, the University of Hong Kong , Heritage Museum, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Maritime Museum , Hong Kong Horse Racing Museum , Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences , The Scout Gallery , Dr. And Mrs. Kong Hin Siu Museum of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , BNP Paribas Museum of Bethany, Sai kung Heritage Museum , Hong Kong Education Museum ( Hong Kong Institute of Education ), St. Stephen's College Heritage Hall
Private and other
The Museum of Human folklore , Tai O Cultural Studio, Rice town food culture Museum , The Antique Fan Museum , Peak Tram Historical Collection, Exchange Exhibition Hall, The aeronautical Discovery Hall , Prehistoric Story House, Jockey Club Lei Yue Mun Creative Hall , Blue House Folk Life Hall, Climate Change Museum , Museum Central Storage building
Have been suspended
General Hall Museum , Xu Art Museum , telefort , City Hall Building Exhibition Center , Dehua Exhibition Hall , Chinese White Dolphin Resource Centre , Hong Kong 2009 East Asian Games Exhibition Gallery , Heritage Exhibition area, Sheung Estate, Ngau Tau Kok

Park amusement park

Hong Kong Island
Belcher Bay Park, George 5th Century Memorial Park, Hong Kong , Zhongshan Memorial Park , Central and Western Promenade , Hollywood Road Park , Bugong Garden , Hong Kong Zoological and botanical Parks , Parks in Hong Kong , Queen square , Chater Garden , Harcourt Garden , Tamar Park , Temporary Waterfront Garden in Wan Chai , Wan Chai Park , Victoria Park , Sai Lake Park , Quarry Bay Park , Chai Wan Park , Peak park , Falls Bay Park , Aberdeen Waterfront Park , Ap Lei Chau Wind Tower Park , Ma Hang Park, Stanley
Kowloon
Kowloon Park , Morse Park (including Wong Tai Sin Cultural Park ), Lion Rock Park, Kowloon Tsai Park , Urban Council Centenary Garden , Tsim Sha Tsui Waterfront Garden , Salisbury Gardens , West Kowloon Promenade , George 5th Century Memorial Park, Kowloon , Nanchang Park , Tongzhou Street Park , Cherry Street Park , Sham Shui Po Park , Song and old Street park , Shek Kip Mei Park , Flower Market Park , Lai Chi Kok Park (including The wind of Lingnan ), High Mountain Road Park , Hoi Huang Park , World Games Park , Haixin Park , Niuchi Bay Park , Ping shek playground , Axe Mountain Park (including South lotus garden pond ), Fengde Park , Jordan Valley Playground , Jordan Valley Park , Xiu Maoping Memorial Park , Jabingda Road Park , Lok Fu Park , Union Road Park , Le Qun Street Park , Ligang Park , Garden Street bird garden , Han Garden, Signal Hill Park Song Wangtai Garden, Kowloon Walled City Park , To Kwa Wan Playground , Rainbow Road playground , Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Park , Kai Tak Runway Park , Metropolitan park , Sungrass Bay Playground , Ma Tsai Hang Playground , Lantian Park, Cairong Road Park , Choi Hee Road Park , Tsun Yip Street Playground , Kwun Tong Waterfront Garden , Hung Hom Waterfront Garden , Great Ring Mountain Park , Po Kong Village Road Park , Olympic Park , Good-neighborly Street playground
New Territories East
Tai Po Waterfront Park , Sunrise Park, North District Park , Arlman Street Playground, Anford Street Playground , Penford Park , Sha Tin Park , City Art House, Hin tin playground , Ma On Shan Park , Ma On Shan Playground , Changning amusement Park , Tseung Kwan O Town Park , Tseung Kwan O South Promenade, Tang Ming Street Park , Hang Hau Wenqu Li Park , Hang Hau Garden, Buttle Park , Baokang Park , Fumin Garden , Yuen Chau Kok Park , Yuen Chau Tsai Park , Perfect park , Plum Tree Pit Playground , Fanling Recreation Park , Fanling Playground , Siu Lek Yuen Road Playground , Tai Po Old Market Playground , Pak Shek Kok waterfront Promenade , Ma On Shan Waterfront Promenade , Boyoung Road Playground , Boya Villa , Hong Kong Astronomy Park , Ship park
New Territories West
Tin Shui Wai Park , Tianxiu Road Park, Tuen Mun Park , Yuen Long Park , Hong Kong Wetland Park , Butterfly Bay Park , Tsuen Wan Park , Tsuen Wan Waterfront Park , Tsing Yi Park , Tsing Yi Waterfront Park , Tsing Yi Northeast Park , Shing Mun Valley Park , Kwai Chung Park , Chung Kwai Chung Park , Stone shade pear wood road park , West Tower Corner Garden, Jockey Club Tak Wah Park , Yang Xiaohang Jinchu Garden, Tianhe Road Playground, Hushan Playground, Huangzhu Road Playground, Haihuang Road Playground, Qingshan Playground, Tuen Mun Riverside Park , Lake Hill Riverside Park, Zhongshan Park , Adventure Park, Mouse Island Children's Playground, Tsuen King Wai Playground, Tsing Tin Playground, Hong Kong International Airport Ancient Kiln Park , Hong Kong International Airport Antique Garden

Landmark street view

Landmark street view introduction
Landmark street view
picture
Victoria Harbour Victoria Harbour, or Victoria Harbour for short, is a seaport between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It is the largest seaport in Asia and the third largest in the world. As a natural harbor with wide and deep water, Hong Kong is also known as the "Pearl of the Orient", the "three great natural harbours in the world" and the "three great night scenery in the world". Victoria Harbour is named after Queen Victoria of England. Free access all year round. In its early years, it was regarded by the British as having the potential to become an excellent port in East Asia, and later won Hong Kong from the Qing government to develop its maritime trade in the Far East. Victoria Harbour has always influenced Hong Kong's history and culture, led Hong Kong's economic and tourism development, and is one of the keys to Hong Kong's development as an international metropolis.
Victoria Harbour
International financial center (referred to as State finance; The International Finance Centre (IFC) is a landmark of Hong Kong's status as a world-class financial centre, located at 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong Island, facing Victoria Harbour. Famous American architect CesarPelli and Hong Kong architect Yan Xunqi It is a collaborative design with a total floor area of 436,000 square meters. It is now Henderson Land Development Group and Hong Kong Monetary Authority The location of the headquarters.
International financial center
Tsing Ma Bridge Since its opening to traffic in May 1997, the Tsing Ma Bridge has become a trunk road connecting Lantau's Hong Kong International Airport and the urban area. It is not only a major architectural icon of Hong Kong, but also the longest travelling and railway suspension bridge in the world. It is 2.2 kilometers long and its spectacular momentum completely surpasses the Golden Gate Bridge in the United States. [60]
Tsing Ma Bridge
Hong Kong Palace Museum Established by the Palace Museum in cooperation with Hong Kong's West Kowloon Cultural District Authority, the museum is expected to open at the end of June 2022. After the opening, more than 800 precious cultural relics from the Palace Museum will be displayed in nine exhibition halls, covering topics such as Forbidden City architecture, court life in the Qing Dynasty and cultural inheritance work, of which 20 percent are first-class national cultural relics. [102]
Hong Kong Palace Museum

Local specialty

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EDITOR
Hong Kong cuisine
Among the rich and varied cuisines of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Guangdong Cuisine As the most important style of cuisine has been passed down for centuries, its charm has not diminished. In the Hong Kong edition of the Michelin Guide, launched in 2017, two restaurants serving traditional Cantonese cuisine were awarded three Michelin stars, the highest level [92] . Hong Kong traditional local cuisine Guangzhou cuisine For the Lord, Cooked vegetables in pot then Indigenous people of the New Territories Traditional dishes at festivals. Due to Hong Kong's proximity to the ocean, seafood is also a common dish and has also developed into a popular cuisine Fried crab in typhoon shelter The typhoon shelter dishes.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is home to cuisines from all over the world. Some streets in Mong Kok, Causeway Bay, Tsim Sha Tsui East and Kowloon City are full of restaurants. Restaurants full of Asian flavors are all over Hong Kong, spicy Thai soups, fragrant Indian curry Korean barbecue, Vietnamese salad rolls, Japanese sushi And so on. Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong, offering specialties from all over China, especially Cantonese restaurants, other dishes include Teochew cuisine , Hunan cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Beijing cuisine , Shanghai cuisine Etc., and pay attention to plain vegetarian dishes. And the traditional Cantonese dim sum Tea for breakfast.
The cuisine of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is also deeply influenced by foreign food cultures. Middle Ring Soho District Bars in Wan Chai and Tsim Sha Tsui, Oktoberfest in Munich It has been held annually on Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui since 1991. In terms of fast food, American fast food mainly consists of McDonald's and KFC While Hong Kong has developed its own Hong Kong fast food In which the family is happy, Have a jolly time and Sweet heart snack Be represented.
Popular traditional food has always been rooted in Hong Kong, such as rice cake, zongzi, fish egg, egg tart, small peach cake, almond cake, blind cake, chicken cake, small coconut, peanut cake, sesame cake, Acorn cake, chizhi cake, fried rice cake, plaid cake, peanut brittle, bag noodles, egg dumplings, peanuts, mastic cake and so on.

Famous person

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EDITOR
Famous person
Character field
name
Scientific community
Charles Kuen Kao , Shing-tung Yau , Cui Qi , Jian Yuewei , Deng Qingyun , Xu Lizhi , Xiao Yintang , Zhi Zhiming , Huang Naizheng , Wang Zhengping , Ye Yuru , Liang Zhiyan , Ren Yonghua , Fan Shangda , Yuan Guoyong , Wang Yongxiong , Dennis Lo , Shen Zuyao , Chen Fanchang , Mo Yiming , Ye Jia 'an Let's wait. [61-62]
Sports circles
Rong Guotuan
Born in Hong Kong, China's first sports world champion.
Li Lishan
Born and raised in Cheung Chau, Hong Kong, 1996 Atlanta Olympics Hong Kong won the gold medal in windsurfing.
Zhangjialang
in Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Hong Kong won its first and second Olympic fencing gold medal in the men's foil individual.
He Shibei
He is the first Hong Kong athlete to win two Olympic MEDALS at the same Games, winning silver in the 200m freestyle and 100m freestyle at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. [103]
Circle of literature and art
Jao Tsung-i
Hong Kong famous master of Chinese studies.
Jin Yong (Louis Cha Leung-yong)
Hong Kong newspaper writer, The new martial arts Novels represent writers.
Hong Kong writers
Li Bihua , Yi Shu , Lin Yanni , Liang Fengyi , Liang Yusheng , Huang Zhan Let's wait.
Hong Kong cartoonists
Huang Yulang , Feng Zhiming , Ma Rongcheng , Wong Ka-hee Let's wait.
Hong Kong singers
Xu Guanjie , Rowan , Xu Xiaofeng , Lin Zixiang , Zheng Shaoqiu , Wang Mingquan , Tam Yonglin , Chen Baiqiang , Leslie Cheung , Anita Mui , Wong Ka Kui , Ye Yiwen , Jacky Cheung , Chen Huixian , Li Keqin , Dawn , Aaron Kwok , Sammi Cheng , gujuji , Eason Chan , Joey Yung , Deng Ziqi Let's wait.
Hong Kong movie stars
Jackie Chan , Sammo Hung , Stephen Chow , Chow Yun-fat , Dillon , Tony Leung , Andy Lau , Liang Jiahui , Zeng Zhiwei , Wu Mengda , Donnie Yen , Angie Chiu , Zhong Chuhong , Maggie Cheung , Louis Koo , Liu Qingyun , Qiu Shuzhen , Chu Yin , Yam Dahua , Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Jiahui , Cecilia Cheung , Nicholas Tse Let's wait.

Honorary title

broadcast
EDITOR
Honorary title
Honorary title
time
The World Competitiveness Annual Report 2016 is the world's Most competitive economy
June 2016
The World Competitiveness Annual Report 2017 is the world's Most competitive economy
June 2017 [63]
Issue 23" Global Financial Centers Index "Third place
March 2018 [64]
The World Competitiveness Annual Report 2018 ranked second in the world
May 2018
Ranked 1st in the list of safest cities in China
July 2018 [65]
The year 2018 Global innovation index 14th place
July 2018 [66]
The 24th edition of the Global Financial Centers Index ranked 3rd
September 2018 [67]
The Fraser Institute's 2018 Annual Report on Economic Freedom in the World is the freest economy in the world
September 2018 [68]
Ranked fifth in the World Bank's Global Doing Business report
October 2018
Ranked first in the comprehensive competitiveness of Chinese cities
October 2018 [69]
World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness report Rank seventh
October 2018 [70]
"Nature Index 2018 - Research Cities" Top 50 global Research Cities
November 2018
Ranked third in the world
November 2018 [71]
Top of the list of the world's most popular tourist cities (8 consecutive years)
December 2018 [72]
The Heritage Foundation Index of economic freedom World's Freest Economy (25 years in a row)
January 2019
Ranked 3rd in the 25th Global Financial Centers Index
In March 2019 [73]
The World Competitiveness Annual Report 2019 is ranked second in the world
May 2019 [74]
The 2019 Global Cities Index report "Overall Ranking of Global Cities" is fifth
May 2019 [75]
2019 Xinhua - Baltic Sea International Shipping Center Development Index second in the world
July 2019
Ranked 13th in the Global Innovation Index 2019
July 2019 [76]
Ranked 7th in the World Tourism City Development Ranking 2019
September 2019 [77]
The Fraser Institute's 2019 Annual Report on Economic Freedom in the World is the freest economy in the world
September 2019
3rd place in the 26th Global Financial Centers Index
September 2019 [78]
Ranked sixth in the world for sustainable competitiveness in 2018
September 2019 [79]
Ranked 3rd in the World Economic Forum's 2019 Global Competitiveness Report
October 2019 [80]
World Bank Doing Business 2020 Report "Ranked third
October 2019 [81]
Top 10 Chinese urban brands in 2018-2019
December 2019 [82]
Ranked 9th among the Top 500 Global Cities in 2019
December 2019 [83]
The World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index 2020 ranks 16th in the world
March 2020 [101]
GaWC World City rankings tertius
August 2020 [11]
Fraser Institute of Canada's Annual Report on Economic Freedom in the World 2020, The freest economy in the world
September 2020 [84]
The year 2020 Global innovation index 11th place
September 2020 [85]
2020 China's Livable and employable cities
November 2020 [86]
The Safe Cities Index Report 2021 ranks 8th in the world
August 2021 [106]
Fraser Institute of Canada's Annual Report on Economic Freedom in the World 2021, The freest economy in the world
September 2021 [107]
Issue 30" Global Financial Centers Index "Third place
September 2021 [105]
3rd place in the 31st Global Financial Center Index
March 2022 [111]
Ranked 5th in the world by the World Competitiveness Annual Report 2022
June 2022 [115]
Freest economy in the world
September 2022 [120]
# 7 on the list of the world's richest cities in 2023
April 2023 [141]
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