Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
Snowmobile, also known as "bobsleigh", is a collective snowmobile, which is a sport that slides on the ice track with a maneuverable direction sled.
[1]
The ideal weather is a sunny day at or below 0 ° C.
[8]
Snowmobile originated in Switzerland in the late 19th century, and the men's four-seater was adopted as an official event at the first Winter Olympics in Chammargny, France, in 1924. In 1897, the first bobsleigh club was founded in St. Moritz. In the first Winter Olympics in 1924, snowboarding has been an event, and in 1998, the women's two-seat event was added to the Winter Olympics.
[2]
The highest organization of snowmobiles is the International Snowmobiles Federation, which was founded in Paris, France, on November 23, 1923. The highest organization in China is the China Snowmobile Association, which was established in October 1983.
[2-3]
In 2022, the Beijing Winter Olympic Games will hold four events of men's pairs, women's singles, women's pairs, and four snowmobiles (free gender)
[6]
.
- Chinese name
- sleigh
- Foreign name
- Bobsleigh
- Generic type
- athletics
- Supreme body
- International Snowmobile Federation
- Representative figure
- Utzschneider
- Origin time
- 19th century
- Main game
- Winter Olympics, World snowmobile Championships
Bobsleigh originated in Switzerland and was developed from luge. It started when a boy in St Moritz named Bob improvised two luges, placed front and back together, hurtled down a hill. This initiative immediately aroused the interest of onlookers.
In 1888, a machinist named Mattis in the St. Moritz area, after more than two months of research and design, built a long sledge with a wooden frame structure for steering the rudder. So, people called this kind of sled bobsled. When Matisse's sleigh was exhibited, it was immediately promoted. Bobsleigh quickly developed and became an important part of St. Moritz's tourist activities.
In 1897, the first bobsleigh club was founded in St. Moritz.
In 1903, the first artificial bobsleigh circuit was built in St. Moritz. Soon the bobsleigh venues in Engelberg and Pontresina were put into use. At that time, the bobsleigh Club, founded in St. Moritz, laid down the rules for the sport. The original rules stated that the crew of the sled was five people, three men and two women.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the rule was to allow only men to participate, and the number of passengers was reduced from five to four.
In November 1923, the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation was founded in Paris, France. The following year, bobsleigh was added to the Winter Olympics. Originally a four-seat seat, it was changed to a five-seat seat in 1928, and was restored to a four-seat seat for the 1932 Winter Olympics, with two additional seats.
In 1928, in order to promote the development of bobsleigh, the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation decided to hold the World Bobsleigh Championship from 1930, and recognized the first Winter Olympic Games in 1924 and the second Winter Olympic Games in 1928 as the first World Championship and the second World Championship
In the late 1940s, some athletes from track and field, gymnastics, handball and other sports began to join the bobsleigh competition, which greatly promoted the development of bobsleigh and began systematic training.
In 1952, the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation made a change to the rules of bobsleigh competition, from a single sled weight, to limit the total weight of the crew and the sled, rather than one-sided pursuit of large weight. The first step to winning speed in a bobsled is to attach an iron blade to the bottom of the sled. At the time, the rules did not limit the size of the sliding knife, which was generally made of iron bars 3/4 inch wide and 1/4 inch round.
In the mid-1970s, some countries and regions represented by the Democratic Republic of Germany further strengthened the research and design of the sled structure, improved the performance of the sled, and continued to improve the speed of downhill.
By 1988, the speed of bobsleigh downhill had increased from 50 km/h in the early 1920s to 143 km/h. Bobsleigh attracts more and more athletes with its unique sports form and excitement.
Before the 1980s, bobsleigh, has been regarded as a sport for men, into the 1990s, this restricted area was broken by athletes from Germany, the United States, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries, and quickly developed.
In 1998, due to the development of women's bobsleigh, the International Olympic Committee decided to include women's two-seater in the Winter Olympics. Since then, athletes from 19 countries have joined the European Championship, Copa America and World Championships.
For the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, China has used completely different tools to construct a high-quality, well-structured mountain dragon track (Snow Swimming Dragon), and the track quality is also very superior
[7]
The men's pair, men's four and women's pair events will be held.
[1]
Bobsleigh in the Winter Olympics each country and region is limited to 2 teams per event. Men's 2 and 4 seats race 4 rounds, based on the cumulative time of 4 rounds of skating, the less time ranked first. Women's 2-seater competition is 2 rounds, and the result is calculated by the cumulative time of 2 skating rows. Both men's 2-seater and 4-seater races are 2 days, and women's 2-seater races are 1 day. Each team has 3 days of trial skating before the race, and each team has 6 chances to skate.
Bobsleigh races start one team at a time. The first round is decided by drawing lots (usually the night before the match). Starting from the second round, the top 15 athletes are ranked in reverse order, with the 15th starting first and the 16th starting in ascending order. Before starting, the athlete should park the sled behind the starting line, 15 meters away. The first two athletes stand on both sides of the sled, and after the departure signal is issued, they quickly push the sled to run forward, and then jump into the cabin. The athlete in front is responsible for steering, called the helmsman; The athlete in the back is responsible for braking, called the brake man. After the four-person seat starts, the helmsman jumps into the cabin first, followed by the two crew members in the middle, and finally the brake man. The distance from the starting point until all members jump into the cabin is 50 meters. All members of the team who reach the finish line must ride in the sled, otherwise the score will not be counted. If the sled is overturned in the middle of the race, you can come right back and continue the race. If a player is unable to participate for any reason (injury, illness or abnormal mental state, etc.), he or she may be replaced by a substitute, but he or she must report to the Competition Committee in advance and can only be replaced after the equipment of the substitute has been checked.
[1]
Since the bobsleigh was changed to iron in the early 20th century, its structure has been perfected by continuous improvement.
Bobsleigh is composed of chassis, cockpit, coasters, shields, steering rudder and brakes. All parts are made of metal.
The glider consists of two pairs of blades. The rear pair of blades is fixed to the sled body, the front pair is connected to the steering wheel, and the helmsman controls the direction of the sled by means of a steering wheel mounted pedal control board and two manual traction cables.
The brake is located at the tail of the sled. The maximum length of the two-seat bobsled is 270 cm, the maximum width is 67 cm, the width of the sled plate is 8 mm, and the maximum weight (including 2 athletes) must not exceed 375 kg. The maximum length of 4 seats is 380 cm, the maximum width is 67 cm, and the maximum weight (including 4 athletes) is 630 kg. No matter the seat of 2 or 4 people, the weight can be added to the gravity rod.
During competition, athletes must wear athletic clothing (aerodynamic clothing), shoulder pads, elbow pads, helmets and special boots. The bottom of the special boots has 3 groups of cleats across the sole of the shoe, each group of 7 rows, in a brush shape distribution, the length of the nails is 4 mm.
Bobsleigh racing is carried out in a slotted track with a certain slope made of concrete or wood or steel pipe. The width of the slide is 140 cm, and the two sides are parapets. The inner side of the parapet is 140 cm high, and the outer side is 2-7 meters high.
Ice should be poured on both sides of the skis and parapet walls. Bobsleigh routes are 1300-2000 meters long. There are 15-20 turns in the whole course. The radius of the bend must not be less than 20 meters. The average slope of the line is 4-8 degrees. The vertical height difference between the starting point and the finishing point is 100-150 meters
[1]
The International Bobsleighand Tobogganing Federation (FIBT) was formerly known as the International Bobsleighand Bobsleigh Federation. In 1897, the world's first snowmobile club was established in Switzerland. The International Snowmobile Federation was officially established in Paris, France, on November 23, 1923, and its official working languages are French, English and German. The International Snowmobile Federation, headquartered in Milan, Italy, is a member of the General Federation of International Winter Sports Federations.
[2]
In October 1983, the State Sports Commission and the All-China Sports Federation, after consulting The State Council, decided to apply to join the International bobsleigh and bobsleigh Federation. According to the application requirements for membership, the third Division of training competition drafted the Constitution of the Chinese Snowmobile Association (Draft) in November of the same year, and established the Chinese Snowmobile Association. On January 26, 1984, the Chinese Snowmobile Association submitted an application to the International Bobsleigh and bobsleigh Federation. On April 18, 1984, the Chinese Bobsleigh Association joined the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation.
[3]
Winter Olympics: World Winter sports games organized by the Olympic Committee. Before the 8th Olympic Games in 1924, the International Sports Week was held in Chamonix, France, and winter sports events were held. In 1924, the Prague session of the International Olympic Committee decided to hold such games every four years and designated Chamonix International Sports Week as the first Winter Olympic Games.
[4]
World Championship: The first World Championship was held in 1924, sponsored by the International Federation of Snowmobiles.
[1]
National Snowmobile Championship: The first National Snowmobile Championship was held at the Calgary Snowmobile Center in Canada, which was the first time that China's domestic sports industry held a national championship overseas.
[5]
Utzschneider: German bobsledder who won a gold medal in two-man bobsleigh at the 1972 Winter Olympics. He was world champion in two-man bobsled in 1972 and 1974, and world champion in four-man bobsled in 1969.
[1]
Chuck: A German bobsledder who won two gold MEDALS at the 1968 Winter Olympics, one silver medal at the 1964 Winter Olympics, and two world championships in 1971.
[1]
Monti: Italian bobsledder who won six MEDALS in three Olympic Games, including two and four gold MEDALS in 1968, and eight world championships in the double race (1957-1961, 1963, 1966 and 1968). He won four world championships in 1960, 1961 and 1968.
[1]
Enderich: Swiss bobsledder who was world champion in four-man bobsleigh in 1947 and gold medalist in two-man bobsleigh in 1948. In 1949 and 1953, he won the two-man bobsled world Championship twice.
[1]
Yin Zheng: a Chinese steel frame snowmobiler who won the gold medal of the International Federation of Snowmobiles Pushcart World Championship in men's steel frame in 2022.
[9]
