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The sleigh is a xu xiqi
(Luge)
One of the snow sports events. A sport in which a pair of metal or wooden skis is skied down a special ice track with various bends at high speed to the finish line.
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The ideal weather is a sunny day at or below 0 ° C.
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The sport of sledding originated in Switzerland and has since become popular in Europe, North America and Asia. Sledges were originally made of wood and later developed into metal. The first Open bobsled Championship was held in England in 1884.
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1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck
Sledding makes its Olympic debut.
Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics
Added the bobsled team relay.
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The highest organizational structure of the sport is the International Luge Federation and the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation, which was founded in Paris in November 1923 and is now headquartered in Milan, Italy.
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The highest bobsleigh organization in China is the Chinese Bobsleigh Association.
2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics
Snowmobile major event added steel frame snowmobile mixed group minor event.
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- Chinese name
- sleigh
- Foreign name
- Luge [17]
- class
- athletics
- Origin time
- The year 1480
- Main game
- Olympic Winter Games
- Representative figure
- George Hackell, Armin Zogler
The 18th century, in
Russia
St. Petersburg
Sledding has been adopted as an outdoor game in winter. At the time, this activity was often carried out on artificial ice slopes in Moscow. Around this time, sleigh runs were also built in Berlin, New Hampshire, near Bellevue Palace.
On February 12, 1883, a luge race was organized by the hotel near the hot springs in the town of Davos, Switzerland. The competition attracted 21 athletes from seven countries, including Switzerland, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden.
In 1883, bobsleigh originated in the Swiss ice sports base of St. Moritz, invented by the American Davoucanda here. He boarded two one-man sledges together, the front one to control the turn. The sledge attracted great interest as it slid down the mountain piste. This was the precursor to bobsleigh. It was later introduced in the Alps and Scandinavian countries. In the same year, Swiss Madis made a complete set of bobsleigh, the shelf is wooden, the skateboard is made of iron, and it has been improved to gradually form a modern sled.
In 1884, the first Open bobsled Championship was held in England.
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In 1903, the world's first sled run was built in St. Moritz. Since then bobsleigh has spread to the Nordic countries.
In 1913, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland created the International Sled Sports Federation.
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In 1935, in order to strengthen the leadership of luge sport,
International bobsleigh and bobsleigh Federation
It was decided to set up a "luge department" and regularly hold world championships.
In 1954, the International luge Conference was held in Davos, Switzerland. At this meeting, representatives of some countries proposed to create an independent international luge organization from the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation, and proposed to hold a separate world luge Championship from 1955. The initiative was adopted immediately.
In 1955, the first World Bobsleigh Championships were held in Oslo, Norway.
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In 1964, luge was included as an official Olympic sport. The International Luge Federation made one rule change, banning heating devices and checking the temperature of the sled before departure.
In October 1983,
Chinese bobsleigh association
The chairman and Secretary general were respectively Liu Xing and Tu Mingde.
In November 1983,
China Snowmobile Association
The chairman and Secretary general were respectively Liu Xing and Tu Mingde.
On February 13, 1984, the Sarajevo Congress of the International Luge Federation unanimously voted to allow the Chinese Luge Association to join the International Luge Federation.
On April 18, 1984, the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation agreed to allow the Chinese Bobsleigh Association to join.
In 1985, in order to further popularize the luge sport, the International Luge Federation decided to hold the World Natural Luge Championship from 1987, with the competition events of men's individual, women's individual, men's pair and team.
In 2003, luge has developed to more than 60 countries and regions in the world's five continents, and luge organizations from 47 countries and regions have joined the International Luge Federation.
[4]
In 2022, the IOC Executive Board in Lausanne, Switzerland, approved the programme and athlete quotas for the 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics
In the sport of snowmobile, a steel frame mixed team event is added, with one male athlete and one female athlete competing in a team
.
[20]
sledding
Earlier, transportation in Northeast China was very underdeveloped, especially in the cold winter, especially after the heavy snow, it was more inconvenient to travel, and horse-drawn sledges were an important means of transportation. In the forest farms in the northeast, people often use horse-drawn sledges as a means of transport for wood in winter. Therefore, sledding was initially used mainly as a means of transportation in China, and then slowly became popular as a recreational activity.
Sledding as a sport started late in China. In 2015, China won the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics and really started the sport. Instead of just going down a hill, the sled races in hundredths of a second, and the skaters steer with subtle body adjustments, using techniques that took a decade or more to perfect. The development of bobsleigh sports in China is faced with three main constraints: one is the lack of sports technology and training level, the second is the lack of competition venues and training equipment, and the third is the lack of bobsledders.
In preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the Chinese National bobsleigh team was officially established in September 2015, and a coach from Europe was hired to coach the Chinese national bobsleigh team. Wolfgang from Liechtenstein? Wolfgang Schadler coached the U.S. luge team for 24 years and the Russian team for five years.
In early 2015, Scheidler visited Beijing and was confirmed to coach the Chinese team. "It took me a few minutes to decide," he says. It's a fascinating country and a big opportunity." Schedler recruited Tony Benshoof, an American, as a coach.
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(1) Luge
Luge taxiways are made of wood, stone and cement. The average inclination of the entire taxiway is 9/10~11/100, and the length is 1000-1500 meters. In addition to the straight line, the route shape should also be left turn S shape, diamond shape, etc. Communication facilities must be provided at the point of departure and the end, and adequate lighting must be provided throughout the route.
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(2) Bobsleigh
The track is 1,500 meters long, with an average gradient of 4 degrees 30 minutes and a maximum gradient of 8 degrees 30 minutes. The radius of the bend section must be more than 20 meters, and the retaining wall of the slide must not be less than 50 centimeters.
Ski slides, snow racing facilities; It is made of concrete or wood and has a concave slope. It is 1.40 meters wide and flanked by parapet walls. The inner side of the parapet is 1.40 meters high and the outer side is 2-7 meters high. Ice should be poured on the slide and the parapet walls on both sides. The length of the race line is 1300-2000 meters, and the whole course is equipped with 15-20 bends, and the radius of the bend shall not be less than 20 meters. The average slope is 4°-8°. The height difference between the start and finish is 100-150 meters.
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(1) Luge
The sled is 70-140 cm in length, 34-38 cm in width and 8-20 cm in height. The sled is made of wood, with a pair of parallel metal skateboards on the underside, no more than 45 cm wide. There were no steering plates in the front and no brakes in the back. The upper part of the skateboard is a bracket. The upturned part of the skateboard may have a certain flexibility to facilitate turning, but the device is not allowed to manipulate the rudder and brake of the skateboard. The weight of a single seat shall not exceed 20 kg, and that of a double seat shall not exceed 22 kg.
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Luge construction
Luge construction
(2) Bobsleigh
The length of the two-seater shall not exceed 2.70 meters, the width 0.67 meters, and the width of the skid plate is 8 mm. When racing a two-seater, the total weight shall not exceed 375 kg, the maximum length of the four-seater is 3.80 meters, the width of the four-seater is 0.67 meters, and the minimum width of the skid board is 12 mm. The total weight of the four-person snowmobile shall not exceed 630 kg, and the insufficient weight can be made up by other weights.
Snowmobile clothing, athletes wearing equipment; Includes game wear, shoulder pads, elbow pads, helmet and special studded boots. The studs are brush shaped and evenly distributed on the sole of the shoe. The length of the studs shall not exceed 14 mm and the spacing shall not exceed 3 cm.
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(1) Luge
The Winter Olympic luge competition consists of three events: men's single, pair and women's single. Men's singles and women's singles are limited to 3 persons per country and region, and pairs cannot exceed 2 teams. The men's and women's singles competition is 4 rounds, that is, each athlete glides 4 times, and the result is calculated according to the accumulated time of 4 rounds glides. Double use 2 rounds. Men's singles, women's singles and pairs are performed separately, singles for 2 days and doubles for 1 day, usually scheduled in the morning. The race uses a single start. The grouping is the same as bobsleigh (snowmobile). Starting in the first round by drawing lots, starting from the second round according to the points (that is, the ranking of each round into the number of components), the top 15 in the reverse order of the ranking start, the rest of the athletes in the ascending order. Team event for the World Championships. Each country and region is limited to 1 team. Each team consists of 1 male single, 1 female single and 1 double. The competition is completed in 2 days, first men's single, then women's single, and finally men's double, the three results are added, and the less time is listed first.
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Before departure, the athlete should sit on the sled, legs straight, two feet placed on both sides of the front tilt of the skateboard, the tip of the foot inward, with the front tilt, in order to better maintain the balance of the body and control the direction of the sled movement. When starting, the athlete's hands hold the handle on the boost bar on both sides of the starting line, according to the judge's starting order, the two arms push back hard, and then use the hands with non-slip gloves to push back the ice (usually 2-3) to maximize the acceleration of the sled. Then he quickly lay on his back on the sled with his arms extended to his side. Through body movements, such as shoulders and legs twisting and swinging and posture changes, the sled is controlled to turn and slide quickly along the slide. The length of the cleats on the gloves is 4 mm.
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Luge penalty rules
The weight of the sled must not exceed 20 kg for a single seat and 22 kg for a double seat. When reaching the finish line, the athlete must sit on the sled, otherwise the score will not be counted.
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(2) Bobsleigh (snowmobile)
In the Winter Olympic steel snowmobile competition, men are limited to 3 per country and region, and women are limited to 2. The competition is conducted in 2 rounds in succession. The competition adopts a single start, two rounds on the same day, the first round of the starting order is determined by drawing lots, the first round of the best results of the 20 male players and 12 female players advance to the second round, the second round is arranged in reverse order according to the first round of competition, the last athlete starts first. The results of the two rounds are added, and the one with less time is listed first.
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When starting, the runners are lined up at the starting point and start in the starting order. After the start signal light comes on, the competitor must complete the start within 30 seconds. The athlete holds the snowmobile, leans forward, runs the legs forward alternately, and then puts the snowmobile on the ice, and then lies prone in the middle of the two handshakes on the snowmobile, with the head in front and the feet in the back, and the two arms straight, placed outside the two handshakes on the side of the body, and controls the snowmobile to slide down the slide quickly through the body and the toothed nails installed at the toe.
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Bobsleigh (snowmobile) penalty rules
Bobsleigh clothing and athlete wear include racing clothing, shoulder pads, elbow pads, helmets and special studded boots. The studs are brush shaped and evenly distributed on the sole of the shoe. The length of the studs shall not exceed 14 mm and the spacing shall not exceed 3 cm.
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All starting movements must be completed by the players themselves, not with the help of others. Skeleton skating is only allowed to be performed in a prone position, with the rider's stomach pressed against the ski. Snowmobiles are allowed to drop during the course, but the rider must be on the snowmobiles when crossing the finish line to complete the race. Athletes must be in their seats when they reach the finish line, otherwise their results will be invalid.
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The first session
National luge championships
It was successfully held in Lillehammer, Norway. A total of 13 athletes participated, representing Beijing, Hebei Province, Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province, Hulunbuir city, Harbin Sports University and Xinjiang Sports Vocational and Technical College. The competition is governed by the rules of the International Luge Federation and the Competition Working Group is responsible for the national championships. Foreign technicians draw lots, weigh and check the sled for the athletes to ensure that the competition is fair and just.
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The Winter Olympics;
Bobsled events at the Winter Olympics are divided into
luge
and
bobsleigh
Project. Luge event is divided into men's single bobsleigh, men's double bobsleigh, women's single bobsleigh and other 3 events, a total of 3 gold MEDALS.
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Bobsleigh is divided into men's double, men's four, women's double and other 3 events, a total of 3 gold MEDALS.
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World bobsleigh Championships;
The World bobsleigh Championships are held once a year. The competition is divided into two pairs and four people. There are no world championships in Winter Olympic years.
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International luge Federation
It was founded in 1957 as a spin-off from the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation and is headquartered in Austria. The objectives of the International Luge Federation are; Through the member association, all bobsledding enthusiasts are united and strive for the development of bobsledding and the cultural rights of athletes. Oppose racial, political and religious discrimination; The national flag is raised and the national anthem is played for the winners. The official competitions under jurisdiction are; Luge competitions at the Olympic Games, World Luge Championships, European Luge Championships, European Junior Luge Championships, various cup competitions (European Cup, Nations Cup, World Cup)
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International bobsleigh and bobsleigh Federation
In November 1923
France
Founded in Paris and headquartered in
Milan, Italy
. Official working languages are French, English and German. The purpose of the International Skid Federation is to; Developing mass and competitive bobsledding; Support the "amateur spirit" of the Olympic Games and promote friendly exchanges among members. The official competitions under jurisdiction are; World bobsleigh Championships, continental bobsleigh Championships, continental youth bobsleigh Championships.
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Chinese bobsleigh association
In October 1983, the Chinese Bobsled Association was established, with Liu Xing and Tu Mingde as the chairman and secretary-general respectively. On December 1, 1984, the Chinese Bobsleigh Association submitted an application report to the International Luge Federation. On February 13, 1984, the Sarajevo Congress of the International Luge Federation unanimously voted to allow the Chinese Luge Association to join the International Luge Federation.
[14]
China Snowmobile Association
In November 1983, the China Snowmobile Association was established, with Liu Xing and Tu Mingde as the chairman and Secretary-General respectively. On January 26, 1984, the Chinese Bobsleigh Association submitted an application for membership to the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation. On April 18, 1984, the International Bobsleigh and Bobsleigh Federation agreed to allow the Chinese Bobsleigh Association to join.
[14]
Armin Zogler
(In Italian; Armin Zoggeler (born 4 January 1974 in Italy) is an Italian luge athlete. Bronze medal of men's single luge in 1994 Winter Olympics; Silver medal of men's single luge in Nagano Winter Olympics in 1998. Gold medal in men's luge at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. World luge Solo champion in 2005.
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Enderich was a Swiss bobsledder who was world champion in four-man bobsleigh in 1947 and gold medalist in two-man bobsleigh at the 1948 Winter Olympics. In 1949 and 1953, he won the two-man bobsled world Championship twice.
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Monti, an Italian bobsledder, won six MEDALS in three Olympic Games, including two and four gold MEDALS in 1968, and eight world championships in the two-seat race in 1957-1961, 1963, 1966 and 1968. He won four world championships in 1960, 196l and 1968.
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