Roald Amundsen

Norse Two of the great polar explorers Fridjov Nansen It is one of the coincidences of history that Roald Amundsen lived at the same time. Amundsen was born in Sapsberg, southern Norway, in 1872, and was 11 years younger than Nansen. He gave up his planned career as a doctor and decided to devote himself to polar research. As a qualified seaman, he once worked on a merchant ship sailing in Arctic waters. He later served as chief officer on the Belgik's first Antarctic wintering expedition from 1897 to 1899.

The experience gained from previous voyages gave Amundsen ample confidence. He decided to challenge the obsession voyager 300 years old" Northwest route ". Explorers have long been aware of a route connecting Europe and Asia north of the North American continent, but no single ship has ever made it all the way. Amundsen purchased the sturdy Goyoa with a displacement of 45 tons. The ship was equipped with sails and a 13 horsepower engine. The Goyoa departed in the summer of 1903 oslofjord Slowly out, the six-man crew prepares to cross the ice. Northwest route "Waters completed navigation. In June 1903, Amundsen's expedition set out to search for it Northwest passage . The team is moving in Arctic Circle the King William Island On encamped, spent two winters, and in Mackenzie Another winter passed on the island.

Goyoa successfully completed the voyage in August 1906, breaking through the last leg of the route. The sailors also collected valuable scientific data during the voyage, the most important of which were observations of the precise position of the geomagnetic and north magnetic poles. In addition, they also collected a number of" Northwest route Ethnographic information on Eskimos along the route.

Emboldened by his initial success, Amundsen turned his attention to the Arctic. He plans to The Bering Strait The North froze its ship on the ice. However, he was unable to get the necessary financial assistance. In September 1909 came the news that Americans Robert Peary and Frederico Cook had arrived at the North Pole. Amundsen decided to postpone his exploration The North Pole They also tried to reach the South Pole before Robert Falcon Scott, who was already heading a large expedition.

Amundsen set out south in August in Advance, a ship supplied by Nansen. The ship was trying to get through The Bering Strait Have to make a detour Cape Horn . So when the Forward sailed south, no one could have imagined that he had changed his plans.

When the Advance was in Madeira At anchor, Amundsen informed the expedition that they would continue south instead of heading north. Scott received a telegram informing him that a Norwegian expedition was on its way to the South Pole. The dramatic contest that followed continues to fascinate readers.

Amundsen is here Walvis Bay Set up camp. This is closer to the South Pole than McMurdo Sound, Scott's starting point. However, the terrain between the Bay of Whales and the South Pole was unknown, and Scott was able to follow the route charted by his fellow Englishman Shackleton in 1908. Amundsen, four companions, four sledges, and fifty-two polar dogs left camp on October 19, 1911.

To reach the foot of a high glacier-crossed mountain range, a Norwegian expedition crossed the dangerous Ross Barrier. It seemed at the time that the journey forward was fraught with risk. However, thanks to their skill and luck, the expedition team managed to climb the Heiberg Glacier, cross the mountains, and finally reach the plateau leading to the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, they rose over the South Pole Flag of Norway . ^[1] Amundsen conducted some observational research at the South Pole and left on 17 December. His rival Scott's team arrived five weeks later. When Scott arrived at the South Pole, he found Amundsen's flag and tent.

After Amundsen's Antarctic expedition, there was no place in the world that could challenge the genius of this expedition. But there was one thing he wanted to do: explore in the air The Arctic Ocean . He and the expedition team ventured out on seaplanes "N25" and "N26" in 1925. The plane was forced to land on ice at 88 degrees north latitude. But the team managed to get one of the planes back on the ground and returned three weeks later The Svalbard Islands .

The American Lincoln Ellsworth Funded and participated in the airplane expedition with Amundsen. The following year Amundsen, Ellsworth, and the Italian Amberto Norbil led the rebellion The Svalbard Islands Fly over the North Pole on the Norwegian airship Alaska The adventure flight. these Adventurer Flying over previously unknown territory, filling the last blank spot on the world map, the white wasteland.

Two years later, Norbil took the sister airship of the Norwegian. Italia Made a second Arctic flight and disappeared halfway through. Amundsen was part of a search party that went to look for the airship. Another search party found the airship and Norbil, still alive. But Amundsen and his companions never returned.