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Republic of El Salvador
(Spanish: Republica de El Salvador; The Republic of El Salvador)
El Salvador,
locate
Central America
In the north, the country is divided into 14 provinces with 262 cities, and the capital is located
SAN Salvador
The city of San Salvador covers an area of 21,040 square kilometers.
Total population of El Salvador as of 2023
6.359 million.
[25]
El Salvador
Indian
Place of residence. In 1524 it became
Spain
A colony; Independence was declared on 15 September 1821 and annexed in 1822
First Mexican Empire
; Joined in 1823 after the collapse of the Empire
Central American Federation
; The Union was dissolved in 1838; The Republic was established on 18 February 1841; In 1980, armed conflict officially broke out in El Salvador, and in 1992, the opposing parties signed a peace agreement to end the 12-year civil war.
[1]
El Salvador is dominated by agriculture and has a weak industrial base. In September 2021, Sa became the world's first
Bitcoin (Bitcoin)
Legalization of the state. In 2022, El Salvador's GDP is 32.488 billion US dollars,
Gross domestic product per capita
$5,127, gross domestic product growth of 2.6 percent.
[22]
- Chinese name
- Republic of El Salvador [1]
- Foreign name
-
The Republic of El Salvador
[1]
(English)
La República de El Salvado [1] (in Spanish) - Abbreviated form
- El Salvador
- continent
- North America
- capital
- SAN Salvador [1]
- Major city
- SAN Miguel , Santa Ana , SAN Vicente , Usulutan Etc.
- National Day
- In 1821 ( Simmi September 15th
- National song
- " Proudly salute our motherland "
- Country code
- SLV
- Official language
- Spanish [1]
- currency
- Colon, Bitcoin, mainly in US dollars [1] [15]
- Time zone
- UTC-6
- Political system
- Representative democratic republic
- National leader
- Naeb Armando Buklei Ortes [23] (President)
- Population number
- 6.359 million [25] (2023)
- Population density
- 313.0 people/km2 [14] (2020)
- Major nationality
- An Indo-European , The white race , Indian [1]
- Major religion
- Catholicism [1]
- Land area
- 21040 km² [2]
- Water area ratio
- 1.5%
- Total GDP
- $32.488 billion [22] (2022)
- Per capita GDP
- $5,127 [22] (2022)
- International telephone area code
- 503
- International domain name abbreviation
- .sv
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- The national flower
- Yucca
- National motto
- "God, unity, freedom."
- Geographical highest point
- Santa Ana volcano
- Leading institution
- University of SAN Salvador, University of Central America
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- ▪Zoning details
- ▪Introduction to the capital
- 5National symbol
- ▪Country name
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6Population nationality
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪government
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪judiciary
- ▪Political party
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪General situation
- ▪currency
- ▪foreign trade
The region of El Salvador was originally inhabited by the Mayan Indians.
It became a Spanish colony in 1524.
Independence was declared on 15 September 1821 and it became part of the Mexican Empire.
After the dissolution of the Union in 1838, a republic was proclaimed on 18 February 1841.
Since the 1930s, the military has staged several coups, and the political situation has been unstable for a long time.
In 1931, Martinez became Vice president and Minister of Defense at a time of great economic depression, political corruption, and a dramatic increase in the influence of the Salvadoran Communist Party. Arturo Araujo was forced to step down and nominated Martinez as the next president.
El Salvador [3]
For 13 years after 1932, El Salvador was ruled by Martinez.
On May 19, 1934, El Salvador declared its independence
The "Manchukuo"
Establish diplomatic relations and become the successor
Japan
Then the second country to recognize the regime.
The year 1941
Pacific War
After the outbreak, El Salvador joined the United States and Britain in the anti-Axis camp.
In April 1944, due to the economic paralysis, intellectuals and students called a national general strike.
In 1979, when a reformist military government came to power, neither the far right nor the far left were satisfied with the government, and the conflict broke out and turned into a civil war.
In 1980, civil war officially broke out in El Salvador between the U.S.-backed government and the Cuban-backed Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front.
On January 16, 1992, the Marti Front and the government signed a peace agreement, ending 12 years of civil war in El Salvador.
In March 2014, El Salvador held the second round of the presidential election, and Vice President Salvador Sanchez Ceren, the candidate of the ruling Marti Front, won with 50.11% of the vote and was sworn in for a five-year term on June 1.
[1]
On June 1, 2019, El Salvador was elected president
Naeb Bukele
Took the oath of office in the capital, SAN Salvador.
[4]
El Salvador is located in the northern part of Central America
Honduras
The Pacific Ocean in the south, the same in the west and northwest
Guatemala
It borders the Pacific Ocean to the east
The Bay of Fonseca
It covers an area of 21,040 square kilometers and is centered at 13.5° north latitude and 88.55° west longitude.
[2]
El Salvador is dominated by mountains and plateaus
volcano
Known as the "country of volcanoes", the active Santa Ana volcano is 2385 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the country; The country is bounded by the Lempa Valley in the north and a narrow coastal plain in the south.
El Salvador has a tropical climate with an average annual temperature of 28 ° C. November to April is the dry season, May to October is the rainy season; The coastal and lowland climate is hot and humid, and the mountain climate is cool; The annual precipitation in the mountain area is more than 1800 mm, and the coastal area is about 1000 mm.
Mineral resources
El Salvador's mineral resources are mainly gold, silver, copper, iron, oil, coal, zinc,
lead
, mercury,
Quebrith
Let's wait.
[5]
Geothermal resources
Location of El Salvador
Water resources
As of 2001, the total amount of renewable water resources in El Salvador was 25.2 cubic kilometres.
[5]
Forest resources
As of 2010, the total forest area of El Salvador is 2,870 square kilometers, and the forest coverage rate is 13.9%.
[5]
El Salvador is divided into 14 provinces with 262 municipalities. The provinces are:
Awachapan
,
Sonsonat
,
Santa Ana
,
Lalibertad
, SAN Salvador,
Chalatenango
,
Cuscatlan
,
La Paz
SAN Vicente, Cabanas,
Usulutan
,
SAN Miguel
,
Morasin
,
Launion
.
[1]
|
List of provinces and regions of El Salvador
|
||
|
Province (name)
|
Area (sq. km)
|
The capital
|
|
Ahuachapan. Ahuachapan
|
1240
|
Awachapan
Ahuachapán
|
|
Cabanas
|
1104
|
Sunsuntepec
Sensuntepeque
|
|
Chalatenango
|
2017
|
Chalatenango
Chalatenango
|
|
Cuscatlan. Cuscatlan
|
757
|
Kohutepec
Cojutepeque
|
|
Laliberta de La Libertad
|
1653
|
New SAN Salvador
Nueva San Salvador
|
|
La Paz
|
1228
|
Zacatco Luka
Zacatecoluca
|
|
La Union La Union
|
2074
|
Launion
La Unión
|
|
Morazan
|
1447
|
San Francisco - San Francisco Gotera
|
|
San Miguel
|
2077
|
SAN Miguel
San Miguel
|
|
San Salvador
|
886
|
SAN Salvador
San Salvador
|
|
San Vicente
|
1181
|
SAN Vicente
San Vicente
|
|
Santa Ana. Santa Ana
|
2023
|
Santa Ana
Santa Ana
|
|
Sonsonate Sonsonate
|
1226
|
Sonsonat
Sonsonate
|
|
Usulutan Usulutan
|
2130
|
Usulutan
Usulután
|
San Salvador City, area 72.25 km2, population 695,000 (2021). The average temperature of the hottest month (May) is 19 ~ 33℃, and the average temperature of the coldest month (December) is 16 ~ 32℃.
[1-2]
El Salvador
"Salvador" means "savior" in Spanish, named after Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas.
Flag of El Salvador
Emblem of El Salvador
The lyrics were written by army officer Juan Jose Can in 1856 and set to music by Italian Juan Aberle in 1879, which officially became the national anthem of El Salvador.
Lyrics (
Only chorus and first verse are listed
) :
(Chorus)
Let's salute our country with pride
We were called her children
Let us pledge that our lives will be vibrant
El Salvador
El Salvador
(First paragraph)
Enjoy peace in paradise
El Salvador has no shortage of noble dreams
To fulfill her eternal claim
Insist, her great glory!
Marching with the invincible Savior
She tried hard to follow the Lord
To fulfill her great destiny
To conquer a joyous future
A great barrier protected her against the onrushing treachery of evil
Since the day her flag flew
Freedom written in her blood
As of 2021, El Salvador has a population of 6.326 million. 86% were of mixed Indo-European descent, 13% were of European descent, and 1% were Native Americans.
[13]
El Salvador
El Salvador
The current government was formed in June 2019. The main cabinet members are: Vice President Felix Ulloa, Minister of Foreign Affairs Alejandra Hill Tinoco, Minister of Interior and Land Development Juan Carlos Bidegain, Hector Gustavo Villatoro, Minister of Justice and Public Security; Jerson Rogelio Posada, Minister of Finance; Maria Ruiza Ayem, Minister of Economy. Maria Luisa Hayem, Jose Mauricio Pineda, Minister of Education and Technology, Rene Francis Merino, Minister of Defense, Oscar Rolando Castro, Minister of Labor and Social Security, Enrique Jose Parada, Minister of Agriculture and livestock, Health Minister Francisco Jose Alabi, Public Works and Transportation Minister Edgar Rodriguez Herrera, Fernando Lopez, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources; Morena Ileana Valdez, Minister of Tourism; Mariemm Eunice Pleitez, Minister of Culture; Housing and Urban Development Secretary Michelle Sol de Castro (female) and Regional Development Secretary Maria Ofelia Navarrete (female).
[25]
The current constitution came into force on 23 December 1983. It is a representative democratic republic that provides for the separation of powers in the country, and the president is the head of state and the head of government, and is directly elected. In September 2021, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court issued a decision ruling that the president can be re-elected once and declared the decision effective immediately.
SAN Salvador
In July 2023, the Legislative Assembly passed a resolution to reduce the number of seats in the next Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60.
[25]
Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court, the General Prosecutor's Office, etc. The Supreme Court consists of 15 justices (including the President) who are elected by Parliament for nine-year terms, with 1/3 reelected every three years. The President of the Supreme Court serves a three-year term and can be re-elected. The current dean, Oscar Lopez Jerez, took office in July 2021 and will serve until July 2024. The Attorney-General is elected by the Parliament for a term of three years and can be re-elected. The current Attorney general, Rodolfo Delgado, took office in January 2022 and will serve until January 2025.
|
Political party
|
Type of political party
|
Date of founding of the Party
|
Party chairman
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nuevas Ideas (NI)
|
The ruling party
|
October 2017
|
It was created in October 2017 by the current president Bukele. Registration will be completed in August 2018. The party advocates a "new middle way", opposes corruption, privilege and exclusion, advocates intra-party democracy, and supports pluralism and coexistence. The Party has promulgated two Party constitutions, held its first intra-party election in March 2020, elected the heads of the central, provincial and municipal leading bodies, and formally established the organizational structure of the party at all levels, including the National Committee, the National Congress, the National Election Committee, the Ethics Security Committee, and local organizations. It is now the largest group in parliament.
|
Zablah Bukele
|
|
Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (Grand Coalition of National Unity)
|
Allied party
|
The year 2010
|
Split from the Nationalist Republican League. It calls itself a centre-left party, but its political tone is relatively conservative and close to the right. It is now the third largest group in parliament. After the New Idea Party failed to complete the registration process before registering its presidential candidate, Bukele ran as the party's candidate in the general election in July 2018.
|
Nelson Guardado
|
|
Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional (FMLN)
|
Left-wing opposition
|
October 1980
|
In October 1980, the "People's Liberation Army of Farabundo Marti", the "National Resistance Armed Forces", the "People's Revolutionary Army", the Central American Revolutionary Party of Labor, and the Salvadoran Communist Party joined forces to form the rebel Front. In January 1992, the Front signed a peace agreement with the Government and became a legal political party in December. Since then, the party has lost several elections, but in 2009 and 2014, Funes and Sanchez have won the election. It is now the fourth largest group in Parliament.
|
General Secretary Oscar Ortiz
[24]
|
|
Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA)
|
Main opposition party
|
The year 1981
|
Most of the initial members were farm owners, and after 1989, they absorbed a large number of business entrepreneurs, and their political views tended to be moderate and pragmatic, advocating neoliberalism and open policies. He was in power from 1989 to 2009. It is now the second largest group in parliament.
|
Erick Salguero
|
|
National Reconciliation Party (Partido de Concertacion Nacional, PCN)
|
Right-wing party
|
The year 1961
|
He was in power four times from 1962 to 1979 and had close ties with the military. Influence declined after 1979.
|
Carlos Garcia Saade
|
|
Reference materials:
[2]
20 [22]
|
||||
Nayeb Bukerr: President. He was born in SAN Salvador on July 24, 1981. People of Palestinian descent. He was elected mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlan in 2012 and mayor of SAN Salvador in 2015 on behalf of the Marti Front. In October 2017, he formed the New Thought Party and announced his candidacy for the 2019 presidential election. He was elected President in February 2019 and took office on June 1. In December 2023, he resigned as president to run for re-election.
[2]
[25]
It is dominated by agriculture and has a weak industrial base. The COVID-19 epidemic and other factors have had a certain impact on the economy of the country. The government has taken a series of economic stimulus measures and achieved results, driving the economy to stabilize and improve, and the economic growth rate in 2021 will reach 10.3%. In September 2021, Sacha became the first country in the world to legalize Bitcoin. In 2022, the GDP of the country is 32.488 billion US dollars, the economic growth is 2.6%, the inflation rate is 7.32%, and the unemployment rate is 8%. The economy will grow by about 2.8% in 2023.
[25]
SAN Salvador
Foreign trade accounts for more than half of GDP. Mainly exports coffee, cotton, sugar, shrimp, textiles, etc., the main export countries are the United States, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua; The main imports of raw materials, fuels, industrial manufactured goods and consumer goods, the main import countries are the United States, China, Guatemala and Mexico.
In 2022, the total import and export volume of Saskatsa was 24.223 billion US dollars, the highest value in nearly 10 years. Among them, the import value was 17.108 billion US dollars, and the export value was 7.115 billion US dollars, an increase of 17% and 11.3% respectively. Saudi Arabia received $5.689 billion in remittances, up 3.7 percent year on year. From January to September 2023, the income of Sasakoya remittances is 6.05 billion US dollars, the inflation rate is 2.6%, and the fiscal deficit ratio is 3.96%. Its sovereign debt rating rose to B- from CCC+.
[25]
El Salvador has a history of Spanish colonial rule, so the official language of the country is
Spanish
(espanol). Spanish is referred to as Spanish, which belongs to the Western branch of the Indo-European Romance language family
The United Nations
One of the six official languages. In addition, the country also has an indigenous language: Nahua.
[2]
|
name
|
Date (Gregorian calendar)
|
significance
|
|---|---|---|
|
New Year's Day (Ano Nuevo)
|
January 1st
|
Celebrate the beginning of a New Year.
|
|
Peace Day (El espanol)
|
January 16th
[2]
|
Commemorating the day the Civil War stopped
|
|
The Last Supper (Jueves Santo)
|
April 5th
|
-
|
|
Good Friday (Viernes Santo)
|
April 6th
|
Christian believers commemorate the day Jesus Christ was crucified.
|
|
International Workers' Day
|
The first of May
|
A holiday for working people.
|
|
Fiesta Patronale de El Salvador
|
August 3rd
|
-
|
|
Independence Day (Dia de la Independencia)
|
September 15th
[2]
|
A day to celebrate the independence of a country, also called National Day.
|
|
Columbus Day (Dia de la Raza)
|
October 12th
|
Commemorating the day Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic from Europe in 1492.
|
|
Dia de los Difuntos
|
November 2nd
|
-
|
|
Christmas (Navidad)
|
December 25th
|
-
|
The Salvadoran diet developed on the basis of Spanish and Indian cooking. Urban residents mainly eat western food, staple food is rice, beans, corn, milk, fruit, etc. Popular drinks in urban and rural areas are cola, beer, coffee and so on.
More than 75 percent of El Salvador's population is Catholic.
[2]
[6]
The Salvadoran Armed Forces include
Land force
,
Air force
and
navy
. The Salvadoran armed forces withdrew from the Central American Federation in 1840, participated in the suppression of the Communist rebellion in 1931, and participated in the football war in Honduras in 1969. During the civil war, El Salvador's most elite unit, the Atlacatl Battalion, was involved in massacres in the village of Mozote, El Salvador, and after the civil war ended in 1992, the army was reduced by more than half.
[7]
In 2009, El Salvador spent 0.6% of GDP on the military. In 2010, the total number of El Salvador's national army was 32,500, of whom 1,449,214 were men and 1,1611,248 were women. There were 1,079,038 men and 1,373,368 women eligible for enlistment. In 2011, the country spent $25 million on its military.
Soldiers take part in Independence Day celebrations in SAN Salvador, El Salvador, September 15, 2019. El Salvador held activities on the 15th to celebrate Independence Day.
[8]
In 1996, there were 334,000 cars and 78,000 vans in El Salvador. In 2000, the country had 10,886 km of roads (2,827 km of paved roads and 8,059 km of planned roads); In 2003, the country had 12,164 km of roads; In 2007, there were 94 motor vehicles per 1,000 people in the country.
In 1996, railway freight volume in El Salvador was 87,000 tons. In 2008, the country had 283 km of railway.
El Salvador International Airport is located in Comalapa, 40 km south of the capital, and El Salvador Airlines has international routes to Central American countries, Mexico City, Miami and Los Angeles. In 2007, the country's air passenger volume was 2,536,820 per year, and the air cargo volume was 22 million tons per year. In 2012, there were 65 airports in El Salvador.
The main ports of El Salvador are Acajutra and Cutuco, of which Acajutra is one of the important ports in Central America, with a throughput of 2.5 million tons in 2003.
El Salvador
In 2008, the density of doctors in El Salvador was 1.596 per 1,000 people; In 2009, the proportion of GDP spent on health care in El Salvador was 3.9%, the hospital bed density was 1.1 per 1,000 people, and the adult prevalence of AIDS was 0.8%.
As of 2003, there are five newspapers in El Salvador, the main ones being "News Photo", "Today", "El Mundo"; There are about 75 commercial radio stations and six television stations, two of which are national television stations.
In 2011, there were 950,000 fixed-line telephones and 7.837 million mobile telephones in El Salvador. In 2009, there were 24,407 Internet hosts; In 2012, there were 24,407 Internet hosts in the country.
Salvadoran police are searching for the perpetrator
Emphasizing the safeguarding of national sovereignty and territorial integrity; Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; Self-determination of peoples and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; Peaceful settlement of disputes in accordance with international law; To seek and maintain international peace and security; Not threatening the use of force; We support the establishment of a new international order based on equality, justice and cooperation, and stand for democracy in international relations.
Member of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Central American Parliament, the Central American Integration System, the Guatemala-Honduras Customs Union and the Central American Integration System secretariat. It attaches importance to the development of traditional relations with the United States and Mexico, actively participates in the process of regional integration in Central America, and assumes the rotating presidency of the Central American Integration System (SICA) in the second half of 2023.
[25]
In January 2001, after a strong earthquake hit El Salvador, he was then president of China
Jiang Zemin
To the then president of El Salvador
Francisco Flores
Call to express condolences; The Red Cross Society of China provided US $30,000 in emergency relief assistance to the Saskatchewan Red Cross Society. In July, Jose Silva, mayor of SAN Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, and one of the leaders of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, paid a business visit to China.
[7]
On August 21, 2018, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Foreign Minister Castaneda of El Salvador signed the Agreement on Foreign Affairs in Beijing.
Joint Communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of El Salvador
The Salvadoran government severed the so-called "diplomatic relations" with Taiwan and established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level with China.
In November 2018, President Sanchez of El Salvador paid a state visit to China and attended the opening ceremony of the first China International Import Expo.
Xi Jinping
The president talked to him,
Li Keqiang
Prime Minister,
Li Zhanshu
During the respective meetings, the two sides signed 13 cooperation agreements including the Memorandum of Understanding on Belt and Road cooperation.
In January and April 2019, the Chinese Embassy in Saskatchewan and the Saskatchewan Embassy in China were opened respectively.
On June 1, 2019, Special Envoy of the Chinese Government and Vice Foreign Minister Qin Gang attended the inauguration ceremony of new President Bukele and met with him.
On September 26, 2019, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with President Bukele on the sidelines of the General debate of the 74th session of the UN General Assembly.
From December 1 to 6, 2019, President Bukele paid a state visit to China. The two countries issued a joint statement and signed nine cooperation agreements.
On January 20, 2022, Chairman Li Zhanshu held a video meeting with President of the National Assembly of Salvador Castro, exchanging views on bilateral relations and exchanges and cooperation between legislative bodies.
According to the General Administration of Customs of China, the trade volume between China and Sana in 2022 is 1.892 billion US dollars, of which China's exports are 1.659 billion US dollars and imports are 233 million US dollars, up 9.6%, 10% and 6.7% respectively year-on-year. In 2023, the trade volume between China and Sana will reach 1.802 billion U.S. dollars, of which China's exports will reach 1.633 billion U.S. dollars and imports will reach 169 million U.S. dollars, down 4.2 percent, 0.9 percent and 27.7 percent year-on-year. China mainly exports mechanical and electrical products, plastic products, machinery and appliances, and imports capacitors, sugar, clothing and so on. El Salvador has participated in four China International Import Fairs.
El Salvador is a destination country for Chinese group Tours.
At present, about 90 Salvadoran students are enrolled in China. Southwest University of Science and Technology opened a Confucius Institute at the University of El Salvador.
[26]
El Salvador is ancient
Mayan culture
One of the birthplace, the country's main tourist attractions are volcanoes, plateau lakes and beaches along the Pacific coast. In 1993, the country received 267,000 foreign tourists.
[2]
|
name
|
intro
|
picture
|
|---|---|---|
|
Santa Ana Volcano is a volcano in western El Salvador. At 2,385 meters above sea level, it is the highest active volcano in the country, about 16 kilometers north of Sonsonate. An eruption in 1920 had a crater lake, but the interior was still active and the height continued to increase.
|
|
|
|
Lake Ilopango is a crater lake in south-central El Salvador, a dammed lake formed by an old caldera, between the provinces of SAN Salvador, La Paz and Cuscatlan. The lake is about 13 kilometers long, 9 kilometers wide, 53 kilometers around the lake, an area of 100 square kilometers, is the largest lake in El Salvador.
|
|
|
|
El Salvador
Natural History Museum
|
The Museum of Natural History of El Salvador is small, but contains information about most of the living and plant life in El Salvador. The Natural History Museum covers the main topics of the natural resources of Salva and is divided into different topics: geology, paleontology and biology.
|
|
|
Reference source:
[12]
|
||
September 14, 2021, in SAN Salvador, El Salvador
On November 20, 2021, El Salvador's President Nayeb Buker announced his country's intention to issue a Bitcoin bond to fund the construction of the world's first "bit.
Coin City ".
[18]
On November 22, 2021, El Salvador announced plans to build a "Bitcoin city" powered by volcanoes. President Buker said a city to harvest geothermal energy from volcanoes will be built in the eastern region of La Union. The city does not levy any taxes except value added tax. Half of the value-added tax collected will be used to issue bonds to finance urban construction, and the other half will be used to pay for services such as garbage collection. Buker said the project will be partly funded by issuing a $1 billion Bitcoin-backed sovereign bond.
[17]
SAN Salvador, March 27, 2022 - El Salvador's National Assembly has approved a request by President Nayeb Buker to declare a state of emergency. The decree would suspend constitutional guarantees of freedom of assembly and ease arrest rules. The decree lasts for 30 days, but can be extended. Reports indicate that El Salvador saw a spate of gang-related killings over the weekend.
[19]
