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The British Commonwealth
(Commonwealth of Nations)
It is an international organization consisting of 56 members
[1]
independent
Sovereign state
(including dependent countries), the members are mostly former
British colony
perhaps
Protectorate state
The current Head of the Commonwealth
Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor
The king is 56, including the United Kingdom
Commonwealth kingdom
The 56 heads of state constitute a modern version
The Confederacy
.
World War I
After that, the British power was weakened, and the colonial people demanded independence one after another
National liberation movement
, local and
dominion
The conflict between them is also increasing,
Colonial system
Gradually disintegrating. In order to save the situation, in 1926, Britain was forced to recognize the independence of the Dominions in domestic and foreign affairs. Dominion and
Metropolitan state
The Commonwealth was formed by "common loyalty to the King", with equal rights and no subordination. In 1931,
British parliament
By"
Westminster act
Approving the above resolution, which affirms the full independence of the British dominions,
British Empire
In name only, the Commonwealth was formally formed. The Commonwealth is not a country, nor is it
Central government
.
King of England
He is the titular monarch and head of state of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth has no authority, and the United Kingdom and its member states share each other
High commissioner
for
Diplomatic representative
.
[2]
Main organization:
Federal government
The summit,
Asia-pacific region
The British Commonwealth
Head of government
Conference, Federation
Finance minister
Conference and other ministerial professional meetings. In 1965, the Commonwealth Secretariat was established to promote cooperation among Commonwealth countries and to organize Commonwealth meetings at all levels. Secretariat located in the United Kingdom
London
.
[3]
- Chinese name
- The British Commonwealth
- Foreign name
- The Commonwealth of Nations
- Official language
- English
- membership
- fifty-six [10]
- Administrative agency
- Commonwealth secretariat
- Population number
- 2.5 billion (2014)
- Population density
- 61.09 persons/km2
- Incumbent head of state
- Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor [11]
Emblem of the Commonwealth
each
Sovereign state
They join the Commonwealth voluntarily and can withdraw from it at any time. After independence, dependent States may decide for themselves whether to remain in the Commonwealth as sovereign States (subject to recognition by other member States) or to withdraw from the Commonwealth.
Each independent member state is governed by its own democratically elected government and is completely independent in domestic and foreign affairs.
The heads of the Commonwealth are
King of England
Concurrently, it is a symbol of the free and equal association of member states. United Kingdom, 21 April 2018
Crown prince
Charles
Approved as the next head of the Commonwealth.
[2]
With the exception of member states with their own monarchs (e.g
Malaysia
) and practice
republicanism
Member of the King of England
Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor
The king of all the other nations,
viceroy
The representative is stationed in these member States (except the United Kingdom). The King appoints governors on the recommendation of the governments of the member states concerned. Exchange among member states
High commissioner
(Not an ambassador) for
Diplomatic representative
.
The Heads of State or Government of the member States meet regularly in different places. But these meetings were only for them to exchange views and discuss issues, and the decisions made were not for the Commonwealth members
Binding force
.
Territories that had not yet achieved full self-government became dependent states. Almost all of the UK's dependent states are moving towards full self-government, with separate executive, legislative and judicial systems. In addition to the British dependencies, there are a number of territories administered by other member states.
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2. Asia-pacific Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting: held every two years since 1978 to discuss issues of common interest
regional
Question.
3. The British Commonwealth
Council of ministers
Meeting once a year are the Ministers of Education, Ministers of Health, Ministers of Justice and Ministers of Telecommunications; Occasional meetings on trade and economics,
Youth conference
,
Industrial cooperation
Conference, agricultural conference, etc.
4. Commonwealth Secretariat: Established in 1965, responsible for organising consultation and cooperation among member states, exchange of information,
Organize a meeting
Let's wait. The Secretary-General is reelected every five years and is eligible for re-election.
5. Commonwealth Foundation and Other Organizations: The Commonwealth Foundation was established in 1966 and changed into an International organization in 1983
IMF
Funding is provided by member governments to promote closer professional and other non-governmental cooperation within the Commonwealth. The Institute of Commonwealth Studies relies mainly on British
Government funding
To promote understanding of the Commonwealth through exhibitions, lectures, film screenings and open libraries. In addition, there are professional organizations such as the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, the Commonwealth Press Union,
Commonwealth broadcasting association
The Commonwealth Youth Exchange Council, the Commonwealth Sports Federation and the Commonwealth Arts Association.
The Commonwealth is, for the most part
British Empire
The continuation of... The empire once covered a quarter of the world.
Gambia
After the withdrawal, the international organization still has 53 members
Member state
, include
Australia
,
Canada
,
Nigeria
,
Republic of South Africa
With Britain, these nations were held together by voluntary union. When the word "Commonwealth" was first used in the 1920s, it formed a way of maintaining contact while removing the unpleasant colonial overtones that the word "empire" contained.
Commonwealth Games
World War II
Especially in 1942
Singapore
The fall, clearly
Great Britain
No longer able to defend his empire, and the mystique surrounding his power vanished. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Commonwealth was Britain's administration of those it could no longer rule or defend
decolonization
The instruments of states (most of which happen to aspire to independence). For these former colonies, the benefits of the Commonwealth are clear.
Great Britain
There are special trade measures, for example, in
Banana
Import on top of it
Caribbean Sea
Territorial superiority
Central America
. Commonwealth nationals have the right to move to Britain, and many have done so. Commonwealth citizens living in the United Kingdom enjoy certain electoral privileges that are not available to other foreign citizens.
The British Commonwealth
Chamber of commerce
A body funded by the international organisation insisted there were still significant trade and investment benefits for the Commonwealth. A spokesman declared that due to the enjoyment of a
Common language
,
Unwritten law
Traditional sum
Accounting standard
Cooperation between Commonwealth members could increase efficiency by 10-15%. This effect may not be as ambiguous as it sounds, with some economists pointing to unwritten and civil law
economy
The difference between. Above all, the Commonwealth limits its objectives primarily to
Social civilization
To encourage democracy, human rights and a stable economy
Social development
. In Britain, the Union seems to mean different things to different people. Traditionalists like its association with lost empires. Others see it as a modern commentary on Rudyard Kipling's view of the colonies as "the burden of the white man," in short,
Western countries
There is a responsibility to civilize the developing world. Some on the left see it as something nobody wants
antique
Others argued that it was a way for Britain to atone for its colonial SINS while providing for the democratization process
substantiality
The help of...
Supporters of the Commonwealth also point to beneficial cultural ties between the former colonies. British universities maintain strong links with the Commonwealth countries. the British Foreign Office, or the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, has internship exchange programmes that favour Commonwealth nationals, such as the Chevening Scholarship for Indian journalists.
Moreover, despite criticism by some that the Commonwealth is a talking shop, it is also a poor country.
Zimbabwe
Except) a favorite forum for discussion. For former colonies, it is the most important international organization that is not dominated by the United States. though
King of England
Is the head of the Commonwealth, but Britain does not
Special status
. In fact, all votes in the federation must be unanimous, before
British prime minister
Anthony Charles Linton Blair
Tony Blair has expressed frustration about this. He bristled at the prospect of lifting the ban on Zimbabwe, which Britain opposed
Robert Gabriel Mugabe
The Allies cannot override it. The Commonwealth is one of the few international institutions like
Saint Lucia
Such small countries as the United Kingdom and Canada
Group of seven
(
G7
Members can sit on an equal footing.
The British Commonwealth is
International cooperation
A unique experiment that promotes collaboration between peoples from different races, cultures and environments. Member states are equal, but Britain often plays a leading role in the handling of Commonwealth affairs.
The member states consult and cooperate in many areas, including trade, finance, defense, education, technology, research, law, medicine, and agriculture. But the main benefits enjoyed by member states are varied
Trade agreement
And the allocation of capital investment
Economic utility
.
Britain and other rich old member states were the main sources of capital for industrial development in new or poor member states. Assistance programs are implemented by agencies such as the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC).
Some member States based
Commonwealth preference
Give each other preferential tariffs to promote trade between them.
|
chau
|
Country name
|
Add time
|
|---|---|---|
|
the
chau
|
Bangladesh
(Bangladesh)
|
April 18, 1972
|
|
Brunei
(Brunei Darussalam)
|
January 1st, 1984
|
|
|
India
(India)
|
August 15, 1947
|
|
|
Malaysia
(Malaysia)
|
August 31, 1957
|
|
|
Maldives
(Maldives)
|
February 1, 2020
|
|
|
Pakistan
(Pakistan)
|
August 14, 1947
|
|
|
Singapore
(Singapore)
|
Independence in 1965
|
|
|
Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka)
|
February 4, 1948
|
|
|
non
chau
|
Botswana
Botswana
|
September 30, 1966
|
|
Cameroon
(Cameroon)
|
13 November 1995
|
|
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Eswatini
(Kingdom of Eswatini)
|
September 6, 1968
|
|
|
Gabon
(Gabon)
|
June 25, 2022
|
|
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Ghana
(Ghana)
|
March 6, 1957
|
|
|
Gambia
(The Gambia)
|
February 7, 1965
|
|
|
Kenya
(Kenya)
|
December 12, 1963
|
|
|
Lesotho
(Lesotho)
|
October 4, 1966
|
|
|
Malawi
(Malawi)
|
July 6, 1964
|
|
|
Mauritius
(Mauritius)
|
March 12, 1968
|
|
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Mozambique
(Mozambique)
|
13 November 1995
|
|
|
Namibia
(Namibia)
|
21 March 1990
|
|
|
Nigeria
(Nigeria)
|
October 1, 1960
|
|
|
Rwanda
Rwanda (Rwanda)
|
November 29, 2009
|
|
|
Seychelles
(Seychelles)
|
June 29, 1976
|
|
|
Sierra Leone
(Sierra Leone)
|
April 27, 1961
|
|
|
Republic of South Africa
(South Africa)
|
December 11, 1931
|
|
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Tanzania
(Tanzania)
|
December 9, 1961
|
|
|
Togo
(Togo)
|
June 25, 2022
|
|
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Uganda
(Uganda)
|
October 9, 1962
|
|
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Zambia
Zambia
|
October 24, 1964
|
|
|
o
chau
|
Cyprus
(Cyprus)
|
March 13, 1961
|
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Malta
(Malta)
|
September 21, 1964
|
|
|
Britain
(United Kingdom)
|
December 11, 1931
|
|
|
beauty
chau
|
Antigua and Barbuda
(Antigua and Barbuda)
|
November 1, 1981
|
|
Bahamas
(The Bahamas)
|
July 10, 1973
|
|
|
Belize
(Belize)
|
September 21, 1981
|
|
|
Canada
(Canada)
|
December 11, 1931
|
|
|
Dominic
(Dominica)
|
November 3, 1978
|
|
|
Grenada
(Grenada)
|
February 7, 1974
|
|
|
Guyana
(Guyana)
|
May 26, 1966
|
|
|
Jamaica
(Jamaica)
|
August 6, 1962
|
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
|
September 19, 1983
|
|
|
Saint Lucia
(Saint Lucia)
|
February 22, 1979
|
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
|
October 27, 1979
|
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
(Trinidad and Tobago)
|
August 31, 1962
|
|
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Barbados
[12-14]
|
November 30, 1966
|
|
|
big
The yankees'
chau
|
Australia
(Australia)
|
December 11, 1931
|
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Fiji
(Fiji)
|
October 10, 1970
|
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Kiribati
(Kiribati)
|
July 12, 1979
|
|
|
Nauru
(Nauru)
|
November 1, 1968
|
|
|
NZ
(New Zealand)
|
December 11, 1931
|
|
|
Papua New Guinea
(Papua New Guinea)
|
September 16, 1975
|
|
|
Samoa
(Samoa)
|
August 28, 1970
|
|
|
Solomon Islands
(Solomon Islands)
|
July 7, 1978
|
|
|
Tonga
(Tonga)
|
June 4, 1970
|
|
|
Tuvalu
(Tuvalu)
|
October 1, 1978
|
|
|
Vanuatu
(Vanuatu)
|
July 30, 1980
|
|
|
Special Note: Barbados is exiting on November 30, 2021
Commonwealth kingdom
But still within the Commonwealth.
[13-15]
|
||
|
[4-5]
[9-10]
|
Reference material
|
|
|
Country name
|
First join time
|
Exit time
|
Rejoin time
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Republic of South Africa
(South Africa)
|
December 11, 1931
|
May 31, 1961
|
1 June 1994
|
|
Pakistan
(Pakistan)
|
August 14, 1947
|
The year 1972
|
The year 1989
|
|
Fiji
(Fiji)
|
October 10, 1970
|
The year 1987
|
The year 1997
|
|
Gambia
(The Gambia)
|
February 7, 1965
|
October 2, 2013
|
February 8, 2018
|
|
Maldives
(Maldives)
|
The year 1953
|
October 13, 2016
|
February 2020
|
|
Reference material
|
[4]
[6-9]
|
||
|
Country name (region name)
|
Add time
|
Exit time
|
Exit reason
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
The year 1886
|
The year 1948
|
National independence
|
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The year 1921
|
The year 1949
|
Leaving the Commonwealth after the establishment of the Republic of Ireland
|
|
|
The year 1842
|
July 1, 1997
|
Return to China
|
|
|
The year 1923
|
December 2003
|
Britain suspended the country from the association for a year on the grounds that the country's rulers flouted human rights and rigged elections, prompting the Zimbabwean government to withdraw in anger
|
March 11, 2022, United Kingdom
Buckingham Palace
Announced, the Queen of England
Queen Elizabeth II
Will not attend the annual Commonwealth Day service in London on March 14. Buckingham Palace said in a statement that after discussing the arrangements with the royal family, the Queen had requested
Prince of Wales
To represent them at Commonwealth Day ceremonies.
