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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, known as UNESCO, was established on November 16, 1945, with its headquarters at
France
Paris
Currently, it has 195 member countries. UNESCO is committed to promoting national development in the fields of education, science and culture
International cooperation
And build peace together.
[9]
Its principal organs include the General Assembly, the Executive Board and the Secretariat.
[1]
On July 11, 2023, according to CCTV news, on the 11th local time, UNESCO issued an announcement, saying
America
On October 10, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization accepted the Constitution of UNESCO and officially resumed its membership.
[15]
On November 9, 2023 local time, the 42nd General Conference of UNESCO held in Paris, France, approved the establishment of UNESCO in Shanghai, China
UNESCO International Institute for STEM Education
The decision of UNESCO IISTEM marks the first time that a Category 1 UNESCO centre has been established in China.
[24]
- Chinese name
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- Foreign name
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- Chinese abbreviation
- UNESCO
- Organizational purpose
- Promoting international cooperation in UNESCO, etc
- Establishment time
- November 16, 1945
- English abbreviation
- UNESCO
- Current Director General
- Audrey Azoulay [2]
- Official website
- http://www.unesco.org/
catalogue
- 1Development history
- 2Organizational purpose
- 3Main function
- 4Organizational structure
- ▪summarize
- ▪convention
- ▪Executive Board
- ▪secretariat
- ▪Permanent establishment
- 5Organization member
- 6Field of activity
- ▪summarize
- ▪Education field
- 7China cooperation
UNESCO venue
From November 1 to 16, 1945,
World War II
Concluded, on the proposal of the Allied Ministers of Education, in
London
Held with the aim of establishing an educational and
Cultural organization
United Nations Conference (ECO/CONF). Representatives of some forty countries attended the conference. In two war-torn countries --
France
and
Britain
The delegates decided to establish an organization with the aim of establishing a genuine culture of peace. According to their vision, the new organization should establish "the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind" and thus prevent the outbreak of a new world war. At the end of the conference, 37 countries signed the treaty
Organic law
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was born.
The first General Conference of UNESCO was held from 20 November to 10 December 1946
Paris
Sorbonne University
Be convened.
In 1946,"
Organic law
It entered into force after being ratified by the following 20 countries:
S.Africa
,
Saudi Arabia
,
Australia
,
Brazil
,
Canada
,
China
,
Denmark
,
Egypt
,
America
,
France
,
Greece
,
India
,
Lebanon
,
Mexico
,
Norse
,
NZ
,
Dominican Republic
,
Britain
,
Czechoslovakia
and
Türkiye
.
On 31 October 2011, the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was convened
Paris
Head office takes a vote,
Palestine
Was officially admitted as a full member of the organization.
On November 5, 2013, on the occasion of the organization's 67th anniversary, China
Ministry of Education
Deputy minister
Chinese National Commission for UNESCO
chairman
Hao Ping
Elected President of the 37th General Assembly of the Organization.
In November 2018,
"Belt and Road" International alliance of scientific organizations
Officially established, UNESCO joined the Alliance as the first member unit.
[3]
The 216th session of UNESCO's Executive Board, held in Paris on 23 May 2023, was unanimously adopted on 22 May
China
Shanghai
Establishment of UNESCO
STEM
(Science, technology, engineering, Mathematics) educational institutions.
[12]
On June 30, 2023, a special session of the General Conference of UNESCO adopted a resolution allowing the United States to resume its membership in UNESCO on July 31, 2023. It will have the right to vote and be elected to the Executive Board at the 42nd General Conference in late 2023.
[13]
On July 11, 2023 local time, UNESCO issued a notice, saying
America
On October 10, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization accepted the Constitution of UNESCO and officially resumed its membership.
[14]
On November 9, 2023 local time, the 42nd session of the General Conference of UNESCO held in Paris, France, adopted a resolution to establish the UNESCO International Institute for STEM Education (UNESCO IISTEM) in Shanghai, China, marking the first time that a Category 1 UNESCO centre has been established in China.
[24]
The purpose of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is to promote cooperation among nations through education, science and culture, to contribute to peace and security, and to promote the pursuit of justice, the rule of law and peace
United Nations charter
Recognized universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms among the peoples of the world without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
UNESCO logo
1.
Prospective study
What education, science, culture and communication will be needed in tomorrow's world.
2, the development, dissemination and exchange of knowledge: mainly by research, training and teaching.
4, Knowledge and technology:"
Technical cooperation
"The form provided to
Member state
Formulation of development policies and
Development plan
.
5. Specialized information exchange.
[4]
UNESCO consists mainly of a General Conference, an Executive Board and
secretariat
Three departments.
UNESCO
The General Assembly is the highest body, composed of
Member state
The General Assembly is held once every two years (once a year before 1954, then once every two years after 1954), with one session for even-numbered years before 1983 and one session for odd-numbered years after 1983, usually at headquarters
Paris
On eight occasions, it was held away from headquarters: in 1947
Mexico
In 1948
Lebanon
In 1950
Italy
The Buddha City (
Florence
), 1954 in
Uruguay
In 1956
India
In 1976
Kenya
In 1980
Yugoslavia
In 1985
Bulgaria
(Except for Buddha City, the remaining seven were held in the national capital).
The Executive Board is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Organization's programmes and meets at least twice a year. Members serve four-year terms,
Director GENERAL
The term is six years, renewable. The current director general of the organization is French
Audrey Azoulay
She is also the second female director general of the organization since its inception.
[2]
UNESCO
The secretariat is a daily working organization, divided into several departments, respectively implementing education, natural science,
Social science
Business activities in the fields of culture and communication, or conduct administrative and
Planning work
Each sector is headed by an Assistant Director-General.
In addition, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has national commissions in the capitals of more than 200 of its member and associate member countries and regions, including China, as its member states
Permanent establishment
among
South Sudan
,
Anguilla
and
Cayman Islands
No national commission has been established to date.
Germany
The National Committee is located in
Bonn
Rather than
Berlin
, while
Oman
and
Somalia
The contact address of the National Committee is not available
Muscat
and
Mogadishu
While at UNESCO headquarters in Paris), the National Commission of China was established on 19 February 1979
Peking
.
intro
The secretariat consists of headquarters in Paris and each
Regional office
the
International civil servant
Make up. As of January 2007, the Secretariat had approximately 2,100 staff members from more than 170 countries, both in the cadre (professional) and non-cadre (General Service) categories. As a result of decentralization measures, about two thirds of the staff work at Headquarters and more than 700 in the field, which consists of 50 offices, 2 liaison offices and 1 centre.
Medium-term strategy
The Medium-Term Strategy for the period 2002-2007 and the Programme and Budget for the period 2002-2003 are the programme pillars of the reform of UNESCO approved by resolution III/1 adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its 31st session, held in October-November 2001. This strategy aims to present the main functions of the Organization from a fresh perspective. In short, the Medium-Term Strategy is based around "UNESCO's contribution to peace and peace in the age of globalization through education, science and culture and communication.
Human development
Make a contribution "to this only unified theme. It should therefore seek to link UNESCO's mandate and role to people-centred globalization.
The Strategy unites four major programme areas with a common objective and identifies a limited number of major programme areas
Strategic objective
That is, there are 12 projects in the entire organization, 3 for each project. Two cross-cutting themes have been developed around these strategic objectives, which cover and should be integrated into all programmes: "Eradication of poverty, especially extreme poverty", and "ICTs for the development of education, science and technology"
Cultural undertaking
And contribute to the building of knowledge societies."
Field network
Decentralization is UNESCO's means of conceiving and implementing programmes of global impact tailored to the specific circumstances and needs of countries. The field network consists of various offices (country offices, regional offices, cluster offices and liaison offices) distributed throughout the world by region and by topic.
The programmes carried out by UNESCO's institutions and centres at Headquarters and in the field are assisted by a range of institutions and centres working at a higher level in UNESCO's main areas of action.
Locations of UNESCO institutions and centres:
UNESCO
Latin America
and
Caribbean
Regional Institute of International Higher Education (IHE)
Venezuela
Caracas
)
Located in Switzerland
Geneva
. The mission is to assist in the preparation and organization of the biennial International Conference on public education, to publish the International Education Yearbook and the Comparative Education Research Series, and to build international education
Exchange of information
Net, etc.
Located in Paris, France. The main activity is the organization of educational programs and
Educational administration
In the field of personnel training, to carry out education plans, educational reform evaluation methods, education and
Labor employment
Cooperative study of relationships.
(3) UNESCO Institute for Education
Based in Germany
Hamburg
. Main research
Lifelong education
Theory and its influence
Educational system
,
Educational content
Teacher training and other aspects of implementation.
Located in Romania
Bucharest
. The main task is to organize cooperation and exchanges between Member States in the European region in the field of higher education. Over the years, UNESCO has carried out
International Year of Education
,
International Year of the Child
The third UNESCO "Medium-Term Plan" and the "Associated Schools Programme for International Cooperation and Peace Education" were implemented.
Set up in China
Shanghai
. Pursue the "education plan, teacher-oriented" purpose for global teachers
Educational service
In particular for
Asia-Pacific
and
Africa
Developing country
Provide services and support for teacher capacity building.
[10]
UNESCO has
It has 194 members and 12 associate members
[17]
.
China
It is one of the founding countries of UNESCO and regained its legal status in the United Nations in 1971. He resumed his activities in the organization in 1972.
Former member
America
The United States withdrew from UNESCO in 1984 on the grounds that the organization was too political, but returned in 2003.
[6]
On December 31, 2018, the United States withdrew from UNESCO, the second time the United States has withdrawn from the organization.
[6]
On July 11, 2023, the United States officially resumed its membership in UNESCO.
[22]
Israel
: October 12, 2017,
Prime Ministers of Israel
Benjamin Netanyahu
Said Israel would withdraw from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
[7]
UNESCO is responsible for education, science, culture, communication and information
Business scope
Within the establishment of more than a dozen intergovernmental agencies and large
Cooperation plan
To promote international intellectual cooperation, including:
International Bureau of Education
,
Man and the Biosphere Programme
,
International Geological Correlation Program
,
International Hydrological programme
,
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
, Social Change Management Program,
World Heritage Committee
To promote the restitution of cultural property
Host country
Or return
Illegal possession
Intergovernmental Committee on Cultural Property,
Intergovernmental Committee for the Universal Copyright Convention
,
International communication
Development Program, Integrated Information Program, intergovernmental
informatics
Plan, intergovernmental
Sports and physical education committee
Let's wait. The Executive Governing bodies elected by the General Conference of UNESCO are responsible for planning and managing the activities of the programmes and for establishing their own networks of international or regional cooperation, such as "International
Biosphere reserve
Network ","
World Heritage List
"Wait. In addition, UNESCO has established official (collaborative, advisory) or operational relations with more than 300 international non-governmental organizations (ngos) around the world that are important and influential in the fields of education, science and culture.
Development education
It is the focus of UNESCO's work.
In 1990, UNESCO, in cooperation with other relevant United Nations agencies, undertook a joint initiative
Thailand
convened
World Conference on Education for All
, conference on literacy and universal access
Primary education
Target pair
International community
The next 10 years
Educational development
Had a profound impact. In October 1998, in Paris, UNESCO convened for the first time the unprecedented "World
Higher education
Conference on the quality of higher education, its objectives,
financing
And management,
International cooperation
The Declaration on Higher Education for the 21st Century: Concepts and Actions and the Programme of Priority Action for the Reform and Development of Higher Education were adopted. In April 1999, UNESCO held a conference
Korea
Seoul
Held a "International Career
Technical education
The General Assembly ". The conference proposed that vocational and technical education is not the ultimate education and simple technical training, but
Lifelong education system
It is a kind of education that enhances people's abilities and skills, is oriented towards employment and develops people's creativity. In April 2000, UNESCO held a conference
Senegal
An "Education for All Forum" was held to summarize the progress made in the last 10 years in the process of literacy and universal primary education
deficiency
And formulate a new strategy for future work.
world
Environmental problem
Increasingly become the focus of human attention, ecological protection and
Natural resources
Management is UNESCO's priority programme in the field of science and technology. In September 1996, UNESCO initiated a joint initiative
Zimbabwe
capital
Harare
Held a world solar energy
Summit meeting
Embodies the organization"
Africa
Priority "and for Africa
Sustainable development
A policy of contribution.
In response to the rapid development of international biotechnology in the 1990s, UNESCO established Biology International in 1995
Ethics committee
Study and formulate international standard-setting documents. In November 1997, the UNESCO General Conference at its 29th session adopted the"
Human genome
with
Declaration of the Rights of man
", a study of the human genome in countries around the world
Code of ethics
.
In June 1999, UNESCO and
International Council for Science
Cooperation, in
Budapest
The World Congress of Science was held. The Conference adopted two important documents, the Scientific Declaration and the Framework of the Programme of Action. UNESCO has always attached importance to the place and role of culture in development. In 1991, UNESCO was initiated by the former Secretary-General of the United Nations
Perez de Cuellar
Headed by the World Commission on Culture and Development, it set out to study the relationship between culture and development. In the autumn of 1995, UNESCO published a report prepared by the Commission entitled "Our Creative Diversity". In order to implement the relevant recommendations of the report, in March-April 1998, UNESCO and
Sweden
Government cooperation
Stockholm
Held a"
Cultural policy
Promote development
Intergovernmental conference
". This was followed by UNESCO in 1982
Mexico City
The largest intergovernmental meeting on cultural issues since the Conference on Cultural Policy. Conference pair
Cultural diversity
Issues such as the relationship between culture and development, cultural rights and international cultural cooperation were extensively discussed, and an Action Plan on Cultural Policies for Development was adopted.
UNESCO's programmes in the field of education aim to achieve lifelong continuity for all at all levels
Educational goal
. In fact, education is right
Personal development
Economic growth and social solidarity are essential. It also plays a decisive role in the fight against poverty and the maintenance of sustainable development. In the year 2000
Dakar
(
Senegal
The International Education Forum established a framework for action to make progress towards these goals:
Strengthening the attention and education of early childhood; Universal primary education for all; Increase the reception of young people and adults
Educational opportunity
; Halve the rate of adult illiteracy; Work towards gender equality; Improve in all aspects
Educational quality
.
Among these goals, two main, and also
United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Universal primary education and the elimination of gender inequalities in access to education. It is within this framework that UNESCO's medium-term strategy (2002-2007) has been developed, based on three main objectives: the promotion of education
Basic human rights
; Improving the quality of education by diversifying its content and modalities; To promote experimentation, innovation, publication, exchange and sharing of data and better methods in this area, and to encourage collaboration
Educational policy
Have a conversation.
in
Social science
and
humanities
UNESCO's role is to ensure the advancement of knowledge, standards and intellectual cooperation in order to contribute to the universal guarantee of justice, freedom and human tolerance
Standard of value
Consolidated social transformation. The main mission can therefore be summed up as follows: to study reality (through empirically-based research in the fields of social and human sciences); Foresee what might happen in this reality (through philosophical and observational research); And to identify what is presumed to be reality (through ethics and human rights), with the aim of closing the gap between reality and better expectations. From one-class school teaching in Africa to
Asia
As Ministers of Education, UNESCO works at all levels to promote human rights
Information dissemination
And education. By providing training instructors with materials,
Organize a meeting
By helping to formulate strategies and develop national, regional and international networks, UNESCO strives to make human rights and the fight against discrimination and intolerance central themes of research and decision-making. While promoting conventions and international instruments related to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Organization also encourages research in the neglected field of human rights. These areas relate to culture
Social problem
Related, for example, to gender equality and the right to education.
UNESCO is concerned
Scientific progress
The ethical attitude also applies with
globalize
About social upheaval. With the aid of society
Change management plan
UNESCO conducts research on issues such as urbanization and management through a series of field projects, consultations and university networks. Social change management programmes are increasingly focused on being able to help national or local governments in their efforts
multi-culture
The study of policy formulation and development of appropriate structures in society, with a focus on social inclusion and poverty eradication.
Cooperation between the National Commissions for UNESCO and UNESCO in the field of education has been expanding, covering all types of education at all levels and educational research. These activities have benefited 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country. As an international agency for intellectual cooperation, UNESCO's activities in the field of education take the form of: (1) Organizing various types of international conferences and promoting policy dialogue; (2) To carry out educational research and discuss some hot issues in today's world education; (3) Promote the exchange of educational personnel and educational results through the issuance of publications and the establishment of information networks
Information transmission
And exchange; (4) Holding training activities; (5) Carry out experimental projects.
Attended the International Education Conference. China has always attached great importance to education conferences, through which China's educational principles and policies have been announced and the world's education has been mastered
Development trend
We have contacted leaders in charge of education in various countries, strengthened international cooperation and exchanges, and promoted high-level dialogues in the field of education in China.
Hold high-level symposiums. Adapt to the state
Education reform and development
With the support of UNESCO, the National Commission for UNESCO, in cooperation with the Ministry of Education, has organized a series of international seminars of considerable scale and impact, such as the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Education for All of the Nine most Populous Developing Countries (2001), held in the past two years; International Seminar on Rural Education (2003);
Asia-pacific region
Education Innovation Conference, World
Open University
Conference of principals
As well as the environment and population
Health promotion
Education for sustainable development
Conference (2003). These seminars provided a good opportunity for the Chinese educational community to publicize the achievements and learn from the useful experiences of other countries.
Implement the education for All program. Since the 1990 World Conference on Education for All, UNESCO has focused its work in the field of education on the development of basic education, literacy and vocational and technical education. In line with the Ministry of Education's proposal to achieve the goal of"
bibasic
UNESCO cooperates in a number of activities that both contribute to the development of education domestically and have a better international impact.
UNESCO is involved in a wide range of scientific fields, in addition to
Basic science
,
Engineering science
In addition, it mainly focuses on the major issues facing mankind today, such as sustainable development issues, bioethics issues,
Human security
Problems, water management problems, etc. To this end, UNESCO has established the following priority programmes:
The Man and Biosphere Program
The Programme is UNESCO's intergovernmental scientific programme on population, resources and environment issues facing the world.
China joined the program in 1978 and established "China.
Man and biosphere
National Committee ", based at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main responsibilities of the committee are to identify priority areas for the Man and Biosphere program in China, and to organize implementation and provide guidance, as well as to provide guidance to the government
Policy consultation
. As of 2004, 25 sites in China have been listed as Man and biosphere by UNESCO
reserve
.
International Hydrological programme
International Hydrological Programme to carry out global water
Scientific research
, proceed
hydroscience
International training and
Information exchange
To raise awareness of water science among policy makers and the public and to strengthen water resource planning in Member States
Master plan
It aims to help solve major water problems and water-related socio-economic development issues. In 1975, China established the "Chinese National Committee for International Hydrology", which is located in the Ministry of Water Resources. In 1983, UNESCO established in China the"
International Sediment Research and Training Center
". The mission of the "Center" is to promote sediment scientific research and undertake
Technical consultation
Coordinate the research activities of experts from various countries, organize international training,
Academic seminar
Participate in the research of domestic key rivers and sediments and undertake the consultation of related projects.
International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP)
The main objectives of the program are: 1
Global environment
Control factor
To understand and improve humanity
Living condition
; (2) Propose more effective ways for the development and utilization of natural resources such as energy and minerals; 3, through the comparative study of several regions in the world, improve the accuracy
Geological process
And the understanding of geological concepts; 4. Improve
Research method
And the level of technology. The plan also involves management and exploration
Mineral resources
And to solve various environmental problems, in recent years will reduce and fight disasters and improve people's awareness
Natural disaster
The understanding as the focus. Sinu
Ministry of Land and Resources
Since 1977, he has participated in 96 projects of the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP), of which he has chaired 14 and co-chaired 14. More than 1,000 Chinese scientists have participated in IGCP projects.
Since 1996, UNESCO has supported countries in establishing "UNESCO-supported" programmes
Global geopark
". Set up
geopark
The goal is threefold: 1. Keep one
Healthy environment
; 2. Conduct extensive geology
Science education
; 3. Achieve sustainable development of local economy. China officially started this work in 1998. Forty-four have been established throughout the country
National geopark
.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
Established in 1961, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is a functional autonomous body of UNESCO responsible for global Marine science and technology and one of UNESCO's two flagship programmes. The purpose of IOC is to promote
Marine science
Investigate and provide related services to facilitate the adoption of Member States
Act in concert
To understand the nature and nature of the ocean
Marine resources
Situations that help countries in particular
Developing country
We will improve our capacity for Marine scientific research.
Ioc is changing from a purely international body focused on Marine research and investigation to one that includes
Marine survey
, Marine services, Marine and
Coastal zone management
, Marine law and
Policy making
The comprehensive Marine international institutions are playing an increasingly important role in the international Marine community.
The State Oceanic Administration actively participates in the activities of the IOC to improve China's Marine scientific research capacity and access to the ocean
Scientific and technological information
To cultivate Marine science and technology talents and promote
regional
Marine research cooperation and other aspects have played a useful role.
Sustainable development
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
Johannesburg
The importance of the role given to science in establishing a sound framework for making appropriate decisions and formulating informed policies to promote sustainable development was emphasized. UNESCO has used the conclusions and recommendations of the Conference to develop its own scientific programmes, and has also made use of the findings of the 1999 Conference
Budapest
Conclusions and recommendations of scientific meetings held. Improving science and technology through the integration of information and communication technologies
Cultural education
And construction
Knowledge society
UNESCO continues to take action in the field of science to eradicate poverty, especially extreme poverty.
The purpose of this work is to pass reasonable
Management environment
, will
View of environment
Bring into
National development strategy
And to strengthen the role of national associations and organizations, particularly those related to women's rights
Human security
Situation in order to embark on the path of sustainable development. UNESCO is also involved in building the capacity of developing countries, particularly in basic sciences,
Life science
and
engineering
And technology. In addition, UNESCO provides advice and advice to Governments (through its work with funding agencies)
Technical assistance
To enable it to formulate and implement effective policies and strategies in the field of science and technology. UNESCO works with many
The United Nations
Organization,
United Nations Science and Technology Organization
and
Non-governmental organization
Carry out cooperation. Its key partners include oversight of each
Science center
And the research community
International Council for Science
and
International engineering
Council of Science and Technology.
Water is a priority issue for UNESCO. Ihp therefore aims to provide the necessary resources to manage this precious resource in an effective and equitable manner, while respecting the environment
Scientific knowledge
,
Technical information
And strategic advice. Similarly, IHP is committed to
Development tool
And develop prevention strategies to avoid conflicts over water between or even within countries.
Furthermore, in addition to coordinating the various United Nations agencies, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission is responsible for the long-term monitoring of ocean conditions in order to improve weather forecasting and forecasting
El Nino phenomenon
And in the event of a tsunami or hurricane, to be able to give sufficient advance warning. Same. The committee was involved in the establishment
Global Ocean Observing System
The system will ensure a link between data provided by buoys, ships and dedicated satellites for better understanding
Ocean currents and climate
The connection between.
UNESCO's activities in the field of culture relate to cultural policy,
Cultural diversity
Art, copyright, material and intangible heritage, intercultural dialogue, history, culture and youth, culture and women
Gender equality
In many ways. In recent years, China's participation in the cultural field of the Organization mainly focuses on the following aspects:
World heritage site
Declaration and protection, protection
Intangible cultural heritage
, discussion on cultural policy and participation in some
Cultural relics protection
aspect
International convention
Formulation or revision.
Cultural and natural heritage
The protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage is one of UNESCO's most influential flagship projects, as well as a highly welcomed international cooperation initiative. The main purpose of this activity is to confirm
Meet the standard
The World Heritage and the Convention
Contracting state
Those of "outstanding significance and universal value" within the territory
Cultural relics and historic sites
and
Natural landscape
/ Resources to be protected.
In 1972, the organization's 17th General Assembly adopted it
Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
To date, 190 countries have ratified or acceded to the Convention. There are 981 sites on the World Heritage List.
1985 China joined the"
World Heritage Convention
So far, a total of 47 cultural and natural heritage sites in China have been approved for inclusion on the World Heritage List. Thus, the number of Chinese heritage ranks first in the world.
The 28th session of the World Heritage Committee was held in June 2004
Suzhou
This is the first time that China has hosted the conference.
In June 2013, the total number of World Heritage sites in the world reached 981 in China
World Heritage site
The number of World Heritage sites increased to 46, ranking second in the World Heritage List of countries, after 49
World heritage site
The land of Italy. in
Qatar
capital
Doha
Be held by
38th World Heritage Assembly
22nd (October 22)
Beijing time
China's submission of the"
The Grand Canal
"
Cultural heritage
The application was voted on and the project was successfully selected for the World Heritage List.
World Heritage sites in China
The number is 46.
The "Grand Canal" cultural heritage application project was centered on Luoyang in the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties
Sui and Tang Grand Canal
Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties began in Beijing and Hangzhou
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
From Ningbo into the sea and connected with the maritime Silk Road
East Zhejiang Canal
It consists of three rivers, involving 27 sections of 27 cities and 58 heritage sites in 8 provinces and cities along the route, with a total length of 1,011 kilometers. The Grand Canal is the oldest, largest, longest and longest canal in the world
Industrial heritage
The Conservation Commission listed the waterway as the most influential in the International List of Canal Monuments.
In September 2023, China's "Pu 'er Jingmai Mountain ancient Tea Forest Cultural landscape" was inscribed on the World Heritage List, becoming the world's first tea-themed World cultural Heritage. So far, the number of World heritage sites in China has reached 57, including 39 cultural heritage sites, 14 natural heritage sites, and 4 natural and cultural heritage sites.
[20]
Intangible cultural heritage
Safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage is a priority programme that UNESCO has been developing in recent years. The Ministry of Culture of China has been following the development of the project and actively participated in related events, seminars and policy discussions.
non
Material culture
Includes all traditions and
Folk culture
Forms of expression, such as oral transmission
Cultural tradition
, customs, language, music, dance,
Religious ceremony
, festivals,
Traditional medicine
and
pharmacopeia
The art of cooking and all special skills related to material culture such as tools and settlements. In 2001, after nominations from various countries and evaluation by a committee of experts, UNESCO announced the first batch of "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity", and China's Kunqu Opera was listed among them. The second batch of "Representative Works" was announced in 2003, China
guqin
Successfully selected. According to regulations, "representative works" are published every two years.
In 2003, the 32nd session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, which requires States parties to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage at the national level. In 2004, China acceded to the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
[21]
In November 2011, the total number of items included in the UNESCO World intangible Cultural Heritage List has reached 36, becoming the country with the most items included in the "intangible cultural heritage" in the world.
By the end of 2022, China had included 43 items on UNESCO's intangible cultural Heritage list, still ranking first in the world.
[18]
The 42 items on the Intangible Heritage List include:
24. Chinese Traditional Wood Structure Construction Techniques (2009)
29.
The year of the Qiang Dynasty
(In urgent need of protection
Intangible cultural heritage List
) (2009)
30.
Li nationality traditional spinning, dyeing and embroidery skills
(Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Safeguarding) (2009)
31.
Chinese traditional wooden arch bridge construction skills
(Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Safeguarding) (2009)
33. China
Movable type printing
(List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Safeguarding) (2010)
34.
Chinese watertight compartments Fu boat manufacturing skills
(List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Safeguarding) (2010)
37. The Chinese Abacus (2013)
42. Chinese Traditional Tea-making Techniques and Related Customs (2022)
1 on the List of Good Practices of Intangible Cultural Heritage
43. Fujian Puppet Show Successor Talent Training Program (2012)
Legacy of memory
The heritage of memory reflects the diversity of languages, peoples and cultures, it is a mirror of the world and at the same time a memory of the world. However, this memory is fragile, and every day the last important memories are disappearing. So UNESCO launched it
Memory of the world
Plan, to prevent
Collective memory
It calls for the protection of valuable cultural heritage and collections and for their value to be widely disseminated throughout the world.
A total of 299 documents and collections of world significance from 100 countries were included in the journal
Memory of the World Register
". Among them, China has 9 ancient documentary heritage and one modern documentary archives on the Memory of the World Register:
1.
Chinese traditional music recording archives
(1997, extant
Library of Chinese National Academy of Arts
)
4.
Nasi
East Pakistan
Ancient Books (2005, extant
Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences
Dongba Cultural Research Institute)
5. Chinese Qing Dynasty
Pattern mine
Archives of Architectural Drawings (2007, extant
National Library of China
Etc.)
7."
Huangdi's Inner Classic
(2011,1339 Hu's Gurin Shutang engraving extant Sino-Japanese American Library)
8.
Overseas Chinese grant
Archives - Overseas
Overseas Chinese
Silver Letter (2013, extant
Archives Bureau of Guangdong Province
with
Fujian provincial Archives Administration
)
9. China
Official archives of Tibet in the Yuan Dynasty
(2013, extant
Archives of Tibet Autonomous Region
)
Cultural diversity
Attention to the promotion of cultural diversity can be seen as a priority in UNESCO's action in the field of culture. In order to enrich diversity, it should be based on the recognition of others and their cultures and on dialogue in order to understand and appreciate each other. Therefore, cultural diversity cannot continue to exist without people, without discussion. Adoption of UNESCO's programme, adopted at the 31st session of the Executive Board in 2001
Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
Member States reaffirm their conviction that cultural diversity is one of the sources of development and is as important to humanity as it is to humanity
biodiversity
Just as important to nature. In addition, States firmly reject the idea that a clash of cultures and civilizations is inevitable.
UNESCO has created the Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity. The alliance was born
Developing country
Public sector
with
Private sector
Among the actors for local support
Cultural industry
- music and publishing, for example
partnership
. The Alliance will develop new approaches, actions and strategies to slow trade in cultural property
unbalance
Especially the imbalance between the countries of the North and the countries of the South, while preventing piracy and ensuring international respect
copyright
.
In addition, the organization is a leader in international initiatives on heritage conservation. Adopted in 1972
Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
It is based on the view that certain sites are of universal outstanding value and, therefore, should be listed
Common heritage of mankind
. Without prejudice to the provisions of domestic legislation
State sovereignty
In the case of intellectual property rights, States parties to the Convention recognize that the protection of World heritage is an obligation of the entire international community. "
World Heritage List
It now contains 981 natural and cultural heritage sites, including from
India
To the Taj Mahal
Mali
the
Tombutou
City and other historical sites, including statues
Australia
the
Great Barrier Reef
Such a natural wonder. The World Heritage Centre is the permanent secretariat of the Convention.
UNESCO provides technical assistance for the protection of special heritage sites, such as (
Cambodia
)
Angkor
The ancient capital of the Khmer and
Morocco
the
Fez
City. Be being
Afghanistan
With a new project, Afghanistan's cultural heritage is one of the richest in the world.
This aspect of our common heritage, cultural and natural sites, cannot be separated from human individuality, which is the creation of culture by people with different personalities
Expression mode
multifarious
Rich and colorful
Cultural and
Natural heritage
Especially in developing countries. Much of this cultural heritage takes the form of intangible heritage: festivals, songs, languages and inspiring creativity
Spirit of solidarity
The meeting place. UNESCO has developed the first international legal instrument aimed at protecting this heritage:
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
". An international jury selected the first 19 Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001, including China's Kunqu Opera; The commission regularly adds other masterpieces to the list, with the aim of providing legal protection and financial help.
The form is:
(1) Formulation of international standard-setting documents, such as conventions,
protocol
,
proposal
Declaration, etc.;
(2) Convening various intergovernmental international conferences;
(3) Organize and carry out various professional academic research activities;
(4) Publishing all kinds of books, periodicals, reports, documents, audio-visual products and electronic products;
(5) Providing technical assistance to Member States in the form of expert advice, equipment support, etc.;
(6) Holding training, research, internship and other activities;
(7) Providing support to international non-governmental organizations;
(8) Operational activities in cooperation with Member States and regional institutions.
Every ten years, UNESCO convenes a high-level international conference on cultural policy.
China participated in 1998 in Sweden
Stockholm
International Intergovernmental Conference on "Cultural Policies for Development", which proposed policies to integrate culture into sustainable development
Decision process
Medium.
UNESCO is now aiming to introduce the principle of cultural diversity into international law. The 32nd General Conference of the Organization (October 2003) approved the drafting of an international standard-setting instrument on cultural diversity.
UNESCO's assistance to Member States is mainly reflected in the form of intellectual cooperation, such as the dispatch of experts, the organization of large-scale or professional international conferences/seminars, personnel training, participation in the relevant fields of Member States
Capacity building
To formulate international standard-setting documents and propose or advocate new ideas
New idea
Let's wait. Carry out
Multilateral diplomacy
Education, science, culture, communication and other fields
International communication
Important Windows and positions. The cooperation with the organization in the fields of education for all, literacy, higher education, heritage conservation, biodiversity, oceans, hydrology, geology, etc., has achieved remarkable results and generated great social and social cooperation
Economic benefit
.
"
Messenger
The magazine, a quarterly publication, was founded in 1948 and discontinued in 2012 for financial reasons. Republished in May 2017 with funding from the Chinese government
Chinese
,
English
,
Esperanto
,
French
,
Arabic
,
Russian
,
Portuguese
Etc. 8 kinds of texts; The Esperanto edition of the Courier magazine by
International Esperanto Association
Published, the magazine editor-in-chief is
Huang Yinbao
.
International Journal of Education in English and French;
"
International Journal of Social Science
"Quarterly Journal in Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian;
Museum Quarterly in Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian;
Copyright Convention Quarterly, in Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian;
Annual issue of the UNESCO Statistical Yearbook in English, French and Spanish;
Study Abroad Annual Journal, English and French;
"
World Education Report
"
biennial
Four issues have been published in Chinese, English, French, German, Spanish and Russian;
World Scientific Reports biennial, three issues out in Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian;
The World Communication Report has been published three times on an irregular basis in Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian.
China is one of the founding members of UNESCO. The People's Republic of China resumed its lawful seat in the Organization in 1971, and has attended every General Conference since then, and has been a member of the Executive Board since 1972.
In 2015, China and UNESCO jointly established the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education, which is the only UNESCO prize in the field of promoting girls' and women's education. The prize has played an important role in promoting the concept of gender equality in education and good practices, and in implementing the global priorities of gender equality, and has received wide attention and high praise from the international community. On 11 October 2022, the award ceremony of the UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education 2022 was held in Paris, France. In September 2023, Professor Peng Liyuan and UNESCO Director-General Azoulay jointly attended the award ceremony of the UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education, and delivered awards and speeches for the "Star School Program" of the Pakistan Girls' Education Alliance and the "Spring Bud Program" of the China Children and Adolescents' Foundation. In addition, China has established the "China-Africa Multilateral Education Cooperation Trust Fund" within UNESCO to provide Great Wall scholarships to developing countries, including African countries.
Up to now, China has 57 world natural and cultural heritage items and 43 intangible cultural heritage items, ranking among the top in the world. From 16 to 31 July 2021, the 44th World Heritage Assembly will be held in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. The conference unanimously adopted the Fuzhou Declaration, reaffirming the importance of World heritage protection and international cooperation, as well as the need for joint efforts and actions to address climate change. On November 29, 2022, the 17th ordinary session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO was held in Rabat, Morocco. China's application of "traditional Chinese tea making techniques and related customs" passed the evaluation and was successfully included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. On September 17, 2023, the 45th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Conference held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, adopted a resolution to add China's "Pu 'er Jingmai Mountain ancient Tea Forest Cultural landscape" to the World Heritage List, increasing the number of Chinese World Heritage sites to 57. "Pu 'er Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest Cultural Landscape" was successfully listed as the world's first tea-themed World cultural Heritage. In November 2023, the 42nd session of UNESCO's General Conference adopted by consensus a resolution to establish the International Institute for Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) Education in Shanghai, China. This will be the 10th Category 1 centre established by UNESCO worldwide and the first global Category 1 centre outside Europe and the United States. Its primary function is to promote inclusive, equitable, relevant and quality education for all in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, from early childhood to adulthood.
[26]
On November 9, 2023 local time, the 42nd session of the General Conference of UNESCO in Paris, France, adopted a resolution to establish the UNESCO International Institute for STEM Education (UNESCO IISTEM) in Shanghai, China, marking the first time that a Category 1 UNESCO centre has been established in China.
[25]
As of September 2023,
China
It has 57 world natural and cultural heritage sites
[20]
43 items of intangible cultural heritage
[19]
All of them rank first in the world.
On 31 October 2011, the General Conference of UNESCO voted to adopt the resolution
Palestine
A proposal to join the organization as a member. On the same day, UNESCO held a meeting in Paris, France, to consider the proposal to admit Palestine as a member state of the organization, and finally adopted the proposal by 107 votes in favor of 14 votes against, with 52 abstentions. This is the first time Palestine has been admitted to a United Nations body as a member state.
United States government
On October 31, 2011, it was announced that in response to UNESCO's vote to admit Palestine as a full member, the United States was suspending its payment of $60 million to UNESCO due in November. Us State Department spokesperson
Newland
It was held in Washington
Press conference
The above decision was announced. She called UNESCO's vote to accept Palestine as a full member "regrettable and premature" and said it would undermine efforts to achieve a "comprehensive, just and lasting peace" between Israel and the Palestinians. Nuland said the United States would pass laws that would prohibit the sale of goods to those who are not approved before an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement is reached
Formal recognition
The United Nations agency for Palestinian statehood provides funding. The United States now pays 22 percent of UNESCO's total dues.
beauty
The White House
Spokesman Jay Carney also denounced the UNESCO vote as "premature." He stressed that the United States only supports efforts to bring about a two-state Israeli-Palestinian settlement
Direct negotiation
Because it is the only way to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian differences.
On November 1, 2011,
Iran
Foreign Ministry spokesman Mehmanparast
Teheran
Palestine's membership in UNESCO is a sign of the international community's support for Palestine.
Mehmanparast was there that day
Foreign Ministry's Regular Press Conference
At the same time, he said that the U.S. government should not stand in opposition to the mainstream of the world, but should be realistic
Palestine question
. He urged the United States to abandon its blanket support for Israel, saying it would dishonor the United States itself.
[8]
On August 3, 2023, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced that, according to the assessment of experts, considering the multiple risks of man-made factors such as sea level rise, environmental change and overexploitation of tourism, Venice, Italy's famous water city, is facing. In a report, the Comitato del Patrimonio mondiale dell'Unesco recommended that Venice be added to the "list of World Heritage in danger."
[16]
Director-general of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) : Audrey Azoulay
Vidar Helgesen, Executive Secretary-General, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO
[23]
