The United Nations, is in World War II After the establishment of a by Sovereign state constituent International intergovernmental organization . October 24, 1945, in the United States San Francisco signed United Nations charter The United Nations was formally established. ^[1]

The purposes of the United Nations are: to maintain international peace and security; To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples; International cooperation to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature and to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all. ^[1]

United Nations Member States Currently 193: Asia Thirty-nine, Africa Fifty-four, Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States 28 countries, Western Europe Twenty-three, Latin America Thirty-three, North America , Oceania 16, including all internationally recognized Sovereign state . Have 2 Observer state ( Vatican and Palestine ), and also invited International organization , Non-governmental organization Entities participate in United Nations affairs.

Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council Yes: People's Republic of China , French Republic , Russian Federation , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , United States .

United Nations Headquarters in America New York , in Switzerland Geneva , Austria Vienna , Kenya Nairobi , Thailand Bangkok , Ethiopia Addis Ababa , Lebanon Beirut , Chile Santiago Has an office. United Nations working languages There are 6 kinds: Chinese , English , French , Russian , Arabic , Spanish . ^{[35 and 36]} The chief administrator of the United Nations is United Nations Secretary-General , now from Antonio Guterres Act as.

Chinese name: The United Nations
Foreign name: United Nations ^{[35 and 36]} (English)
Organisation des Nations Unies ^{[35 and 36]} (in French)
Naciones Unidas ^{[35 and 36]} (in Spanish)
Jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous jealous ^{[35 and 36]} (Russian)
The world's most beautiful country. The world's most beautiful country. The world's most beautiful country ^{[35 and 36]} (Arabic)
dominance: International intergovernmental organization
Date of establishment: October 24, 1945

Constitution: " United Nations charter "
Head office: America - New York - United Nations Headquarters building
Symbolic sign: Emblem of the United Nations , Flag of the United Nations
Principal organ: The General Assembly, The Security Council The Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice , Trusteeship council , secretariat
Member state: 193 Member state , 2 Observer state
Secretary general: Antonio Guterres
Working language: Chinese , English , French , Arabic , Russian , Spanish ^{[35 and 36]}

catalogue

▪Development problem
▪Supervision problem
8expenditure
▪Regular budget appropriation
▪Financing of peacekeeping operations
▪Voluntary contributions from Member States
9Hold an event
10Ukraine issue
11Related news

Development history

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predecessor

Initially, the countries concerned were formed to cooperate on specific matters International organization . It was established in 1865 International Telegraph union Later renamed International Telecommunication union ; Universal Postal union It was founded in 1874. The two organizations became specialized agencies of the United Nations. In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held Netherlands The Hague Be convened. The purpose of the conference was to formulate documents and to codify rules of war aimed at the peaceful resolution of crises and the prevention of war. The meeting adopted the" Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes And was established in accordance with the Convention Permanent court of arbitration . The Permanent Court of Arbitration began its work in 1902.

The predecessor of the United Nations was" League of nations ". The organization is in contact with World War II analogous World War I Was conceived in the context of... The "League of Nations" was established under the The Treaty of Versailles It was established in 1919 with the aim of "promoting international cooperation and achieving world peace and security". Also according to the The Treaty of Versailles It was established in 1919 International Labour Organization It is a subsidiary body of the League of Nations. By failure to prevent World War II The League of Nations subsequently suspended all its activities.

Make preparations

The United Nations Declaration was signed

June 12, 1941," Declaration of St James's Palace In... Britain "The only true basis for lasting peace is the voluntary cooperation of free peoples in a world free of the threat of aggression and free of economic and social security for all; To this end, we cooperate fully with free peoples of other nations in time of war and peace." August 14," Atlantic charter By the President of the United States Roosevelt And the British Prime Minister Churchill Signed on the quarterdeck of the battleship HMS Prince of Wales in the Atlantic Ocean, it set out a set of principles for international cooperation to maintain world peace and security.

World War II During January 1, 1942, Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the middle 26 were engaged Axis powers combat Anti-fascist alliance The country is represented in the United States Washington Met and signed the" United Nations Declaration In support of the Atlantic Charter. The document was first officially adopted by an American president Roosevelt Proposed name "United Nations".

On October 30, 1943, the Moscow Declaration was signed The Soviet Union , Britain , America , China Delegates to the Soviet Union signed in Moscow, calling for the early establishment of an international body to maintain world peace and security. On December 1st, 1943, Tehran Conference Meeting in Tehran, Iran, the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom reaffirmed this goal.

From September 21 to October 7, 1944, Dumbarton Oaks Conference Held in Washington, the United States, representatives of China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States agreed on the goals, structure, and functions of a post-war international organization, and the blueprint for the United Nations was drawn up for the first time.

On February 11, 1945, The Yalta Conference Meeting in Yalta, Crimea, the leaders of the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union stated: "We have decided, together with our Allies, to establish as soon as possible a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security... We agree to hold a United Nations conference in San Francisco, United States, on 25 April 1945, to draft a charter for the Organization based on the proposals of the Dumbarton Oaks Dialogue." On April 25th, San Francisco Conference Held in San Francisco, USA, representatives of 150 countries attended United Nations Conference on International organizations The proposals made by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks in the United States from August to October 1944 were considered and, on 25 June, adopted. United Nations charter On June 26, the representatives of 50 countries signed the" United Nations charter ". China, the first victim of Axis aggression, got the honor of being the first to sign.

Establishment and development

On October 24, 1945, China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most of the other signatories ratified the Treaty. United Nations charter "Followed by" United Nations charter The United Nations was formally established. In 1947, the United Nations General Assembly officially designated October 24 as United Nations Day .

On January 10, 1946, the first United Nations General Assembly was held in Central Hall, Westminster, London, United Kingdom, attended by 51 countries. On January 24, the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first resolution, which focused on the peaceful use of atomic energy and the elimination of atomic and other weapons of mass destruction. On January 17, the United Nations Security Council met for the first time in London, England, and adopted its rules of procedure. February 1st, Norway Trigway Halfdan Rye He was appointed the first Secretary General of the United Nations.

In May 1948, United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) is established. On December 10, the United Nations General Assembly in Paris adopted a resolution Universal Declaration of Human Rights Since then, December 10 has become International Human Rights Day every year to commemorate.

United Nations Special Envoy, 7 January 1949 Ralph Johnson Bunch The efforts made by the newly established Israel and Arab country A truce was achieved. October 24, New York United Nations Headquarters A groundbreaking ceremony was held for the building.

On June 27, 1950, in the absence of the Soviet Union, the Security Council called on Member States to support South Korea against a North Korean invasion. The Korean Armistice Agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, by the Commander of the United Nations Forces and the commanders of China and North Korea. ^[2]

Nominated by the United Nations General Assembly on 7 April 1953 Dag Hammarskjold Secretary General of the United Nations.

In 1954, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For his work on refugee issues in Europe Nobel Peace Prize It was the first of his two Nobel Prizes.

On 1 November 1956, the General Assembly convened its first emergency special session to discuss Suez crisis Question. On 5 November, the Conference decided to establish the first United Nations peacekeeping force, the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF).

In September 1960, 17 newly independent states (16 of which were Africa State) to join the United Nations. This was the largest increase in membership in a single year. ^[3]

He was Secretary-General of the United Nations on September 18, 1961 Dag Hammarskjold He was killed in a plane crash en route to the Congo. He was posthumously awarded the 1961 Nobel Peace Prize. Special Report of the UN Security Council on the investigation into the crash of an aircraft carried by UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold. Nominated by the United Nations General Assembly on 3 November U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations.

On August 7, 1963, the Security Council voted yes S.Africa Impose a voluntary arms embargo.

On 4 March 1964, the Council approved a resolution Cyprus Send peacekeeping troops.

In 1965, United Nations Children's Fund He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

On October 27, 1966, the United Nations General Assembly stripped South Africa of its sovereignty South West Africa The right to rule (Namibia). On 16 December, the Council reacted Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) imposed sanctions.

The Middle East, 22 November 1967 Six Day War After lengthy negotiations, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 242 (1967).

On June 12, 1968, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty "And called on States to ratify it.

January 4, 1969," International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ". International Labour Organization He was awarded the 1969 Nobel Peace Prize. ^[4]

On October 25, 1971, United Nations General Assembly Vote restoration People's Republic of China The legitimate seat. Nominated by the United Nations General Assembly on 22 December Kurt Waldheim Secretary General of the United Nations.

In June 1972, the first United Nations Environment Assembly was held in Sweden Stockholm Convened, this meeting led to the headquarters in Nairobi the United Nations Environment Programme Established.

Recognized by the United Nations General Assembly on November 13, 1974 Palestine Liberation Organization "The sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people."

On 4 November 1977, the Security Council approved a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa.

In May-June 1978, the United Nations General Assembly held its first special session on disarmament.

On December 18, 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Including political, economic, social, cultural and civic values.

May 8, 1980, when the last case variola Three years after the cases were reported, the World Health Organization officially declared smallpox extinct. ^[5]

In 1981, UNHCR won its second Nobel Peace Prize for its work with Asian refugees. On 25 November, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief ".

On 10 December 1982, 117 States and two entities signed the new Treaty United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ". The Convention provides, in the form of regulations, for the zoning of the oceans, the definition of national coastlines, the right of navigation on the high seas and the rights and obligations of other States and coastlines, the obligation to protect the Marine environment, cooperation in Marine research and the sustainable development of the use of living Marine resources.

In December 1984, Humanitarian food was distributed to children in Africa, when he was UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar A United Nations African Emergency Operation was established to help coordinate famine relief efforts. On 10 December, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ".

In September 1987, through the efforts of the United Nations Environment Programme, the Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, also known as the Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, was adopted. Montreal Convention The Convention, which was signed in 1985, is considered to be the first Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer "The follow-up.

In 1988, United Nations peacekeeping force He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. There were seven peacekeeping or observer missions in operation at the time.

In April 1989, UNTAAP was dispatched throughout Namibia to observe the withdrawal of South Africa and to provide electoral assistance. Elections were held in November 1989; Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990.

2 September 1990," Convention on the Rights of the Child It entered into force as international law in 1990. From September 29th to 30th, United Nations Children's Fund World Summit for Children, attended by 71 heads of state and government. The Conference adopted a Plan of Action ^[6] .

On 31 May 1991, after 16 years of civil war, Angola ushered in ceasefire negotiations overseen by the United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II). On December 3rd, Boutros Boutros-Ghali Appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. On 31 December, through the good offices of the Secretary-General, El Salvador and the FNL signed an agreement at United Nations headquarters.

On 31 January 1992, the Council held its first summit meeting in New York, attended by all 15 members, at which the Secretary-General issued a report entitled "An Agenda for Peace". In June, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (The Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro Adopted a Programme of Action for sustainable Development - Agenda 21 ". The success of the Earth Summit helped to raise public awareness of the need for economic development policies to take into account environmental and social needs.

On 27 April 1993, Eritrea declared its independence in a UN-verified referendum in which more than 98.5% of registered voters took part. Eritrea subsequently joined the United Nations and the United Nations Organization of African Unity . In May, Cambodia held UN-supervised elections to form a new government and draft a new constitution, ending nearly 15 years of civil strife in the war-torn country. In June, the World Conference on Human Rights was held in Vienna to commemorate the International Year of the World's Indigenous People (1993).

Elections were held from 26 to 29 April 1994 under the supervision of the United Nations Observer Mission in South Africa (UNOMSA), which had 2,527 staff deployed throughout the country. On 25 May, the Security Council lifted the arms embargo and other restrictions on South Africa. On June 23, South Africa returned to the United Nations General Assembly. On 6 May, the Secretary-General launched his "Agenda for Development" report, a blueprint for development to improve the human condition. The International Conference on Population and Development will be held in Cairo from 5 to 15 September, with the overall theme of population, sustainable economic growth and sustainable development. In October, under the supervision of some 2,300 international observers, Mozambique held its first multi-party elections from 27 to 29 October.

In 1995, the World Summit for Social Development was one of the largest gatherings of world leaders ever. World leaders gathered in Copenhagen to reaffirm their commitment to fighting poverty, unemployment and social exclusion. In March, in Copenhagen Held the World Summit for Social Development, which reaffirmed its commitment to combating poverty, unemployment and social exclusion. In September, The Fourth World Conference on Women Held in Beijing, the international community continues its commitment to advancing the status of women around the world. From 22 to 24 October, Heads of State and Government attended a special commemorative Assembly at United Nations Headquarters, which culminated in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations.

On 10 September 1996, the General Assembly adopted the resolution Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-ban Treaty ". This is a turning point in the history of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation. On 24 September, the treaty was opened for signature. On 17 December, the General Assembly appointed, by acclamation, a representative from Ghana Kofi Annan He was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, serving from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2001.

Millennium Development Goals, September 2000. One of the targets is that by 2015, United Nations Member States have resolved to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce the incidence of diseases such as malaria. ^[7]

From 6 to 8 June 2001, five years after the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, the United Nations General Assembly held a special session to review and assess the implementation of the Global Habitat Agenda: Istanbul +5. From 25 to 27 June, Member States adopted the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. On 29 June, with the recommendation of the Security Council, the General Assembly appointed Kofi Annan by acclamation for a second term from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006. On December 12, the United Nations and Secretary-General Kofi Annan were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to promote world order and peace."

From 18 to 22 March 2002, the Convention was adopted. Monterrey consensus ". From 8 to 12 April, the Second World Assembly on Ageing aims to ensure that people everywhere can enjoy security and dignity in old age and continue to participate in society as citizens with full rights. From 8 to 10 May, the Special session on Children brought together more than 7,000 participants. The International Conference on Children is the most important conference of its kind in more than a decade. On July 1st," International Criminal Court The first international criminal court based on a permanent treaty, it was established to prioritize the rule of law and put an end to the high levels of impunity that have been a concern of the international community. The Rome Statute is the legal basis for the establishment of the International Criminal Court. On July 17, 1998, 120 countries participated in the United Nations Conference of Diplomatic Plenipotentiaries to establish the International Criminal Court. The conference adopted the Rome Statute. From 26 August to 4 September, the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002) proposed a series of measures to reduce poverty and protect the environment.

On 19 August 2003, in memory of all United Nations staff members who have lost their lives in the service of world peace, a memorial was unveiled on the North lawn of the garden of the Secretariat Building at United Nations Headquarters in New York. October 31," United Nations Convention against Corruption "Was passed. The first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was held in Geneva from 10 to 12 December. The second phase of the Conference was held in Tunis from 16 to 18 November 2005.

On January 24, 2005, the 28th special session of the United Nations General Assembly commemorated the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps. February 11, the 60th anniversary of the San Francisco Conference. The United Nations celebrates the 60th anniversary of the signing of the United Nations Charter in San Francisco. On 8 March, Member States adopted the Declaration on Human Cloning. On 13 April, the General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. From 14 to 16 September, more than 170 heads of State and Government reached key decisions on eradicating poverty, promoting human rights, combating terrorism and helping countries that have experienced deadly conflicts return to normalcy. On 24 October, the United Nations celebrated its 60th anniversary. On 20 December, the United Nations General Assembly established the Peacebuilding Commission to help countries emerging from conflict achieve sustainable peace.

On 15 March 2006, the General Assembly established the Human Rights Council, whose main objective is to address situations of human rights violations and to make recommendations. Nomination by the General Assembly on 13 October Ban Ki-moon Secretary General of the United Nations.

On October 12, 2007, the Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change And Albert Arnold Gore for their efforts to bring together and disseminate knowledge on human-induced climate change.

3 May 2008," Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities "Came into effect. It was the first international human rights treaty to be discussed with the participation of civil society.

On July 2, 2010, the conference was established UN Women In charge of gender equality and women's empowerment. ^[8]

On 21 June 2011, the General Assembly adopted a resolution appointing Ban Ki-moon as Secretary-General of the United Nations for a second term beginning on 1 January 2012 and expiring on 31 December 2016. On July 14, the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution by acclamation on July 14, New York local time, officially admitting the Republic of South Sudan as the 193rd Member State of the United Nations, which had just become independent five days ago. On October 31, the world's population passed 7 billion.

In June 2012, the "Rio +20" summit, short for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to promote global economic development and protect the environment. At the conclusion of the Rio +20 Conference, the Member States of the United Nations adopted the final document "The Future We Want". On 29 November, the UN General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/67/19 granting Palestine the status of non-member observer State. ^[9]

On February 12, 2015, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) announced in the West Bank city of Ramallah that it plans to provide $705 million in aid to the Palestinians in 2015. ^[10]

In the early hours of December 24, 2021, the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly approved the regular budget of the United Nations for 2022 amounting to approximately $3.122 billion, slightly less than the budget for 2021. ^[24]

On June 6, 2023 local time, members of the United Nations General Assembly voted at the UN headquarters in New York to elect non-permanent members of the Security Council for the years 2024-2025 A surname. ^[37]

Charter and Purpose

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United Nations charter

United Nations Charter Cover

" United Nations charter It not only establishes the purposes, principles and organizational structure of the United Nations, but also stipulates the responsibilities, rights and obligations of member states, as well as the basic principles and methods for handling international relations and maintaining world peace and security. It is the inescapable responsibility of every member state to abide by the UN Charter and uphold the prestige of the UN. On June 26, 1945, delegates from 50 countries signed the Charter of the United Nations in San Francisco. ^[1]

Preamble to the Charter:

Practice tolerance and live in harmony with each other as good neighbors.

Concentrate on the maintenance of international peace and security.

Accept principles and establish methods to ensure that force is not used except in the public interest.

Use international institutions to promote economic and social progress for people around the world.

Purposes of the United Nations

Maintaining peace throughout the world;

To develop friendly relations between nations;

To help countries work together to improve the lives of poor people, to fight hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms;

To serve as a focal point for coordinating the actions of States to achieve these goals. ^[11]

Symbolic sign

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badge

Emblem of the United Nations The design is an equidistant azimuthal projection of the world map centered on the North Pole, supported by a wreath of crossed olive branches. The pattern is gold, alternating with white water against a pale blue background. The map's projection extends to 60 degrees south latitude and includes five concentric circles. The olive branch symbolizes world peace and security, and surrounds the earth to symbolize the purpose of the United Nations and the maintenance of unity.

Emblem of the United Nations

banner

Flag of the United Nations The background color is light blue, and the center design is a white United Nations emblem. Blue and white are the official colors of the United Nations.

Flag of the United Nations

Song

" United Nations song It was written to coincide with the birth of the United Nations, by the President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt Proposed, the famous American progressive poet U. J. Romey was invited to create. Romey follows the book United Nations charter In 1945, the day before the establishment of the United Nations General Assembly, the lyrics were quickly completed, and the national anthem was recomposed from the theme song of the 1932 Soviet feature film "Meet", with the same tune. The song was unanimously approved and appreciated by the representatives of the founding Member States of the United Nations and became" United Nations song Its lyrics are actually a song that praises peace and freedom and praises the victory of the new world Prose poem .

United Nations song

Working language

United Nations working languages There are six official languages used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, respectively Arabic , Chinese (Language is Mandarin, simplified Chinese), English , French , Russian and Spanish . The Secretariat uses English and French Both languages are the working languages. Four of the official languages are the official languages of the permanent members of the Security Council (the United Kingdom and the United States both regard English as the de facto official language); Spanish and Arabic are the most spoken languages outside the permanent Council (Spanish is the official language of 20 countries and Arabic is the official language of 26 countries). There were five official languages of the United Nations when it was created, and Arabic was added in 1973. The United Nations Editor's Manual states that English documents should be based on British usage and Oxford spelling, hanzi Ought to Simplified Chinese Whatever. Traditional Chinese was changed after the transfer of Chinese representation in 1971 (from" Republic of China Get to... People's Republic of China ) has been replaced by simplified Chinese. ^{[35 and 36]}

Six official languages of the United Nations General Assembly

Principal organ

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According to the United Nations charter According to Chapter III, Article 7, the United Nations has six principal organs: United Nations General Assembly , United Nations Security Council , United Nations Economic and Social Council , United Nations Trusteeship Council , International Court of Justice and United Nations Secretariat .

convention

Subject article: United Nations General Assembly

the General Assembly of the United Nations (UNGA) is the principal deliberative, supervisory and review body of the United Nations. Consists of all Member States. The General Assembly also plays an important role in setting standards and codifying international law. The General Assembly meets intensively in regular sessions from September to December each year and thereafter as required. ^[12]

Security Council

UN Security Council meeting

Subject article: United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (SC) is responsible for maintaining peace and security among nations. While the other main organs of the United Nations only have the power to make "recommendations" to member States, the Security Council has the power to make mandatory resolutions that member States must accept and comply with under Article 25 of the Charter. Security Council resolutions are called United Nations Security Council resolution .

Economic and Social Council

Subject article: United Nations Economic and Social Council

The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. The Economic and Social Council has 54 member states elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The President is also elected for a one-year term from a medium or smaller member State of the Council. The Council meets once a year in July at New York or Geneva . It monitors the economic, cultural, social, health and educational affairs of its member states and works to protect the human rights of people around the world. The Council reports to the General Assembly.

Trusteeship council

Subject article: Trusteeship council

Trusteeship council meeting

The Trusteeship Council (TC) is the principal organ of the United Nations governing the international trusteeship system. The land applicable to the International Trust is the former League of Nations mandate that was not independent at the end of World War II and the land that was cut off from enemy countries after the war. In 1994, the last trusteeship was administered by the United States Pacific islands Strategic trust territory Micronesia By this point, all trusteeship areas in the world had been acquired independent or self-government The mandate of the Trusteeship Council has been accomplished. However, it has revised its rules of work and will carry out its duties when circumstances so require.

International Court of Justice

Subject article: International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (CJ) is based in the Netherlands The Hague It was established in 1945 under the Charter of the United Nations and began operating in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The Court is composed of 15 judges who serve nine-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly and must come from different countries.

United Nations Dispute Tribunal and Appeals Tribunal

The United Nations Dispute Tribunal was established in 2009 pursuant to General Assembly resolution 62/228 and has nine permanent judges, including three full-time judges (one each in Geneva, Nairobi and New York) and six part-time judges. The United Nations Appeals Tribunal was also established in 2009 by General Assembly resolution 62/228 and consists of seven judges, all of whom are based at United Nations Headquarters in New York. ^[34]

Encyclopedia x Mixed Knowledge: Illustrating the United Nations International Tribunal

secretariat

Subject article: United Nations Secretariat

Current Secretary-General of the United Nations: Antonio Guterres

The Secretariat is engaged in the day-to-day work of the United Nations and serves other principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretariat's responsibilities are as diverse as the issues dealt with by the United Nations and range from managing peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development.

On 18 June 2021, the current Secretary-General of the United Nations Antonio Guterres Formally re-elected by vote, he will serve a second term as UN Secretary General between January 2022 and December 2026 ^[22] .

Previous UN secretaries General
Have successively served as	Name	nation	Appointment date	Time of departure
First term	Trigway Halfdan Rye	Norse	February 2, 1946	He resigned on 10 November 1952
The second	Dag Hammarskjold	Sweden	April 10, 1953	Died in office September 18, 1961 (died in a plane crash)
Third term	U Thant	Burma	November 30, 1961	December 31, 1971
Fourth term	Kurt Waldheim	Austria	January 1, 1972	December 31, 1981
Fifth term	Javier Perez de Cuellar	Peru	January 1, 1982	31 December 1991
The sixth term	Boutros Boutros-Ghali	Egypt	January 1, 1992	31 December 1996
The seventh	Kofi Annan	Ghana	January 1, 1997	December 31, 2006
eighth	Ban Ki-moon	Korea	January 1, 2007	December 31, 2016
ninth ^[13] (incumbent)	Antonio Guterres	Portugal	January 1st, 2017	-

Deputy secretary general Liu Zhenmin Mr. Wang is in charge of economic and social affairs ^[14]

The United Nations system consists of the United Nations itself and a number of affiliated organizations known as programmes, funds and specialized agencies.

Programmes and funds

United Nations programmes and funds
Serial number	For short	institution	Head office	leader	Establishment time
1	UNDP	United Nations Development Programme	America New York	Helen Clark	The year 1965
2	UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund	New York, USA	Katherine Russell ^[38]	The year 1946
3	UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	Switzerland Geneva	Filippo Grandi	The year 1951
4	WFP	World Food Programme	Italy Roman	Cindy McCain ^[39]	The year 1961
5	UNODC	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime	Austria Vienna	Jada Wali ^[40]	The year 1997
6	UNFPA	United Nations Population Fund	New York, USA	Natalia Kanem ^[41]	The year 1969
7	UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development	Geneva, Switzerland	Rebecca Greenspan ^[42]	The year 1964
8	UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme	Kenya Nairobi	Inge Arnson ^[43]	The year 1973
9	UNRWA	United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East	Palestine Gaza And Jordan Amman	Krahenbull	The year 1949
10	UN Women	UN Women	New York, USA	Sima Sami Bahus ^[44]	The year 2011
11	UN-Habitat	UN-Habitat	Nairobi, Kenya	Maimunah Muhd Sharif ^[45]	The year 2002

Specialized agency

United Nations specialized agencies
Serial number	For short	institution	Head office	leader	Establishment time
1	WBG	World Bank	America Washington	Jim Yong Kim	The year 1945
2	IMF	The International Monetary Fund	Washington, USA	Christine Lagarde	The year 1945
3	WHO	World Health Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Tedros Adhanom	The year 1948
4	UNESCO	UNESCO	France Paris	Irina Bokova	The year 1946
5	ILO	International Labour Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Guy Ryder	The year 1946
6	UNFAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	Rome, Italy	Qu Dongyu ^[15]	The year 1945
7	IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development	Rome, Italy	Kenayu Newanze	The year 1977
8	IMO	International Maritime Organization	Britain London	Lin Jize	The year 1948
9	WMO	World Meteorological Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	David Grimes/Michel Jarau	The year 1950
10	WIPO	World Intellectual Property Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Francis Galli	The year 1974
11	ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organization	Canada Montreal	Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu	The year 1947
12	ITU	International Telecommunication union	Geneva, Switzerland	Zhao Houlin	The year 1947
13	UNIDO	United Nations Industrial Development Organization	Vienna, Austria	Li Yong	The year 1967
14	UPU	Universal Postal union	Switzerland Bern	Bishar Abdirahman Husayn	The year 1947
15	UNWTO	World Tourism Organization	Spain Madrid	Taleb Lifai	The year 1974

UN member

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Member state

At the moment, United Nations Member States There are 193 of them.

United Nations Member States
nation	Add time	nation	Add time
Albania	December 14, 1955	Algeria	October 8, 1962
Afghanistan	November 19, 1946	Argentina	October 24, 1945
United Arab Emirates	December 9, 1971	Syrian Arab Republic	October 24, 1945
Oman	October 7, 1971	Azerbaijan	March 2, 1992
Egypt	October 24, 1945	Ethiopia	November 13, 1945
Ireland	December 14, 1955	Estonia	17 September 1991
Andorra	28 July 1993	Angola	December 1, 1976
Antigua and Barbuda	November 11, 1981	Austria	December 14, 1955
Australia	November 1st, 1945	Barbados	December 9, 1966
Papua New Guinea	October 10, 1975	Bahamas	September 18, 1973
Pakistan	September 30, 1947	Paraguay	October 24, 1945
Bahrain	September 21, 1971	Panama	November 13, 1945
Brazil	October 24, 1945	Belarus	October 24, 1945
Bulgaria	December 14, 1955	Benin	September 20, 1960
Belgium	December 27, 1945	Peru	October 31, 1945
Iceland	November 19, 1946	Poland	October 24, 1945
Bosnia and Herzegovina	22 May 1992	Bolivia	November 14, 1945
Belize	September 25, 1981	Botswana	October 17, 1966
Bhutan	September 21, 1971	Burkina Faso	September 20, 1960
Burundi	September 18, 1962	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	17 September 1991
Equatorial Guinea	November 12, 1968	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	October 24, 1945
Republic of Korea	17 September 1991	Denmark	October 24, 1945
Germany	September 18, 1973	East Timor	27 September 2002
Togo	September 20, 1960	Dominican Republic	October 24, 1945
Dominic	December 18, 1978	Russian Federation	October 24, 1945
Ecuador	December 21, 1945	Eritrea	28 May 1993
France	October 24, 1945	The Philippines	October 24, 1945
Fiji	October 13, 1970	Finland	December 14, 1955
Cape Verde	September 16, 1975	Gambia	September 21, 1965
Congo	September 20, 1960	Democratic Republic of the Congo	September 20, 1960
Colombia	November 5th, 1945	Grenada	September 17, 1974
Georgia	July 31, 1992	Costa Rica	November 2nd, 1945
Cuba	October 24, 1945	Guyana	September 20, 1966
Kazakhstan	March 2, 1992	Haiti	October 24, 1945
Netherlands	December 10th, 1945	The Republic of Montenegro	June 28, 2006
Honduras	December 17, 1945	Republic of Kiribati	14 September 1999
Djibouti	September 20, 1977	Kyrgyzstan	March 2, 1992
Guinea	December 12, 1958	Guinea-Bissau	September 17, 1974
Canada	November 9, 1945	Ghana	March 8, 1957
Gabon	September 20, 1960	Cambodia	December 14, 1955
Czech Republic	19 January 1993	Zimbabwe	August 25, 1980
Cameroon	September 20, 1960	Qatar	September 21, 1971
Comoros	November 12, 1975	Cote d 'Ivoire	September 20, 1960
Kuwait	May 14, 1963	Croatia	20 May 1992
Kenya	December 16, 1963	Latvia	17 September 1991
Lesotho	October 17, 1966	Lao People's Democratic Republic	December 14, 1955
Lebanon	October 24, 1945	Republic of Lithuania	17 September 1991
Liberia	November 2nd, 1945	Libya	December 14, 1955
Liechtenstein	18 September 1990	Luxembourg	October 24, 1945
Rwanda	September 18, 1962	Romania	December 14, 1955
Madagascar	September 20, 1960	Maldives	September 21, 1965
Malta	December 1, 1964	Malawi	December 1, 1964
Malaysia	September 17, 1957	Mali	September 28, 1960
Republic of North Macedonia	8 April 1993	The Marshall Islands	17 September 1991
Mauritius	April 24, 1968	Mauritania	October 27, 1961
United States	October 24, 1945	Mongolia	October 27, 1961
Bangladesh	September 17, 1974	Federated States of Micronesia	17 September 1991
Burma	April 19, 1948	Republic of Moldova	March 2, 1992
Morocco	November 12, 1956	Monaco	28 May 1993
Mozambique	September 16, 1975	Mexico	November 7th, 1945
Namibia	23 April 1990	S.Africa	November 7th, 1945
South Sudan	July 14, 2011	Nauru	14 September 1999
Nepal	December 14, 1955	Nicaragua	October 24, 1945
The Niger	September 20, 1960	Nigeria	October 7, 1960
Norse	November 27, 1945	Palau	15 December 1994
Portugal	December 14, 1955	Japan	December 18, 1956
Sweden	November 19, 1946	Switzerland	10 September 2002
El Salvador	October 24, 1945	Samoa	December 15, 1976
Republic of Serbia	1 November 2000	Sierra Leone	September 27, 1961
Senegal	September 28, 1960	Cyprus	September 20, 1960
Seychelles	September 21, 1976	Saudi Arabia	October 24, 1945
SAO Tome and Principe	September 16, 1975	Saint Kitts and Nevis	September 23, 1983
Saint Lucia	September 18, 1979	SAN Marino	March 2, 1992
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	September 16, 1980	Sri Lanka	December 14, 1955
Slovakia	19 January 1993	Slovenia	22 May 1992
Eswatini	September 24, 1968	Sudan	November 12, 1956
Suriname	December 4, 1975	Solomon Islands	September 19, 1978
Somalia	September 20, 1960	Tajikistan	March 2, 1992
Thailand	December 16, 1946	United Republic of Tanzania	December 14, 1961
Tonga	14 September 1999	Trinidad and Tobago	September 18, 1962
Tunisia	November 12, 1956	Tuvalu	5 September 2000
Türkiye	October 24, 1945	Turkmenistan	March 2, 1992
Vanuatu	September 15, 1981	Guatemala	November 21, 1945
Venezuela	November 15, 1945	Brunei Darussalam	September 21, 1984
Uganda	October 25th, 1962	Ukraine	October 24, 1945
Uruguay	December 18, 1945	Uzbekistan	March 2, 1992
Spain	December 14, 1955	Greece	October 25th, 1945
Singapore	September 21, 1965	NZ	October 24, 1945
Hungary	December 14, 1955	Jamaica	September 18, 1962
Armenia	March 2, 1992	Yemen	September 30, 1947
Iraq	December 21, 1945	Islamic Republic of Iran	October 24, 1945
Israel	May 11, 1949	Italy	December 14, 1955
India	October 30, 1945	Indonesia	September 28, 1950
Jordan	December 14, 1955	Vietnam	September 20, 1977
Zambia	December 1, 1964	Chad	September 20, 1960
Chile	October 24, 1945	Central African Republic	September 20, 1960
China	October 24, 1945 ( People's Republic of China Resumed on 25 October 1971)

Observer state

Currently, there are two United Nations observer state .

United Nations observer state
Country name	Add time
Vatican	April 6, 1964
Palestine	November 29, 2012

Observer entity

Currently, there are four UN observer entities.

United Nations observer entity
Organization name	Add time
International Committee of the Red Cross	October 16, 1990
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies	19 October 1994
Inter-parliamentary union	19 November 2002
The Knights of Malta	24 August 1994

Observer organization

At present, there are 58 UN observer organizations.

UN Observer organization with permanent office
Organization name	Add time	Organization name	Add time
African Union	October 11, 1965	Asian-african Legal Consultative Organization	October 13, 1980
Caribbean Community	October 17, 1991	Central American unity	19 October 1995
The British Commonwealth secretariat	October 18, 1976	European Community (now as European Union )	October 11, 1974
International Criminal Court	-	International Criminal Police Organization	October 15, 1996
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance	December 9, 2003	International Organization for Migration	October 16, 1992
International organization of la Francophonie	November 10, 1978	International Seabed authority	24 October 1996
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea	17 December 1996	International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources	17 December 1999
League of Arab States	November 1, 1950	Organization of the Islamic Conference	October 10, 1975
Partners in population and development	19 November 2002	-	-

United Nations observer organization without permanent office
Organization name	Add time	Organization name	Add time
Organization of American States	October 16, 1948	International Development Law Organization	12 December 2001
Latin American economies	October 13, 1980	International Hydrographic Organization	12 December 2001
Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific States	October 15, 1981	Asian Development Bank	19 November 2002
African Development Bank	October 28, 1987	International Centre for Migration Policy Development	19 November 2002
Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean	October 17, 1988	Gucci Group	December 09, 2003
European Commission	October 27, 1989	East African community	December 09, 2003
Economic cooperation organization	13 October 1993	Eurasian Economic community	December 09, 2003
Latin American Parliament	13 October 1993	Collective Security Treaty Organization	The 2nd of December 2004
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe	13 October 1993	Shanghai Cooperation Organization	The 2nd of December 2004
Permanent court of arbitration	13 October 1993	Southern African Development Community	The 2nd of December 2004
Commonwealth of Independent States	24 May 1994	Economic Community of West African States	The 2nd of December 2004
Pacific Islands Forum	17 October 1994	Organization of Eastern Caribbean States	The 2nd of December 2004
Andean community	October 22, 1997	South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation	The 2nd of December 2004
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	October 15, 1998	Ibero-american Conference	November 23, 2005
Association of Caribbean States	October 15, 1998	Commodity mutual funds	November 23, 2005
Customs cooperation council	23 March 1999	Hague Conference on Private International Law	November 23, 2005
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization	October 08, 1999	Latin American Integration Association	November 23, 2005
Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries	26 October 1999	Association of Southeast Asian Nations	December 04, 2006
Economic Community of Central African States	12 December 2000	Indian Ocean commission	December 04, 2006
Inter-american Development Bank	12 December 2000	Opec Fund for International Development	December 04, 2006
Community of Sahelo-Saharan States	12 December 2001	United Nations Science and Technology Organization	June 11, 2011

Major achievement

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EDITOR

Peace and security

The United Nations has re-established calm by sending a total of 69 peacekeeping and observer missions to trouble spots around the world.

Since the 1990s, many conflicts have been brought to an end through United Nations coordination or through actions taken by third parties with United Nations support. Which includes Sierra Leone , Liberia , Burundi , Sudan and Nepal Conflict. According to the study, there has been a 40 percent decrease in conflicts worldwide since the 1990s. Preventive diplomacy and other preventive action by the United Nations have averted much of what will happen warfare . In addition, 14 United Nations peace missions in the field have embarked on post-conflict situations and peacebuilding measures. ^[16]

On the morning of March 6, 2022 local time, the Houthi armed forces in Yemen announced that they had signed an agreement with the United Nations face to face. Saphir The final resolution of the tanker agreement, but the details of the agreement were not disclosed. ^[27]

Economic development

The United Nations values improvement throughout the world Living standard To enhance human skills and potential, and to invest resources in doing so. Since 2000, Millennium Development Goals Has been the guide for this work. Almost all funding for United Nations development assistance comes from national contributions. For example, the United Nations Development Programme, which has staff in 145 countries, supports projects to reduce poverty, promote governance, manage crises and protect the environment. United Nations Children's Fund In more than 150 countries, it focuses on child protection, immunization, girls' education and the fight against HIV/AIDS. Unctad helps developing countries to make the most of their trade opportunities for development purposes. Since 1947, the World Bank has also provided loans and grants to developing countries and supported more than 11,000 development projects in more than 100 countries. ^[17]

In 2015, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Planned assistance Palestine More than 80 percent of the $700 million aid will be used to rebuild the Gaza Strip. ^[10]

World heritage site

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Help 137 countries protect monuments and places of historical, cultural and natural interest. International conventions have been negotiated for the protection of cultural property, multiculturalism and outstanding natural sites. More than 980 such sites have been classified as of special interest. ^[18]

Human rights

United Nations General Assembly

Since 1948, when the General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Since then, the United Nations has helped develop dozens of comprehensive agreements on political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights. By investigating individual complaints, UN human rights bodies have focused global attention on cases of torture, disappearances and arbitrary detention, and created international pressure on governments to improve their human rights records.

When the United Nations was established in 1945, 750 million people - almost a third of the world's population - lived in non-Self-governing territories attached to colonial powers. The United Nations has played a role in the independence of more than 80 countries, which have become sovereign states. ^[19]

environment

The United Nations takes the lead in assessing the science of climate change and promoting political solutions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which includes 2,000 leading scientists in the field of climate change, issues a comprehensive scientific assessment every five or six years. In 2007, the Commission concluded conclusively that climate change is occurring and that human activity is the primary cause. The 194 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are negotiating a long-term agreement to reduce emissions of the gases that cause climate change and help countries adjust to the effects of doing so. The United Nations Environment Programme and other United Nations agencies are taking the lead in raising awareness of the issue.

Medical treatment

In 1992, he published the famous book Victorian declaration The four cornerstones of health are put forward: "reasonable diet, proper exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance."

The year 2003 Atypical pneumonia ( SARS ) raging, World Health Organization He gave great support to China and led efforts to urge governments around the world to prevent another outbreak of SARS. ^[47]

Major problem

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EDITOR

While performing many important functions such as maintaining world peace, the United Nations also has some problems. While coordinating the interests of all countries, the United Nations is also undergoing difficult reforms Permanent members of the Security Council The question of increased seats.

Americanization tendency

As the founder and host country of the United Nations headquarters, the United States has played an extremely important role in the development of the United Nations, and has been trying to smear more American colors in it. Korean War During this period, the United States manipulated the United Nations to pass a number of resolutions, cobbling together a 16-nation force. United Nations forces ", into the Korean battlefield. Not in 2003 United Nations Security Council Permit to Saddam and Bin Laden Initiation by implication Iraq War .

Economic problem

Economic problems were like shackles on the shoulders of the United Nations, making it difficult for it to act and take decisions, which provided an opportunity for some countries to take advantage of financial problems. Some major powers have also tried to blackmail the United Nations by paying their dues.

Development problem

The United Nations has done a great deal of meaningful work on issues related to human development. Many development-friendly agreements have also been signed. However, due to the large number of member states involved in these agreements, the interests of all parties are complicated, and it is very difficult to implement them. As a result, the implementation of many agreements has not reached the expected goal, and even become a "blank check".

Supervision problem

For such a largest international governmental organization in the world today, who should play a real oversight role in its operation, this has become an urgent question. Under the Charter, member States are obliged to monitor UN agencies and staff, but this is clearly not working very well. Because of the human and political interests involved, many countries are more comfortable with the appearance of calm than they are with embarrassing an international authority, which provides a more relaxed environment for possible corruption.

expenditure

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EDITOR

The funding of the United Nations consists of three components: regular budget funding, peacekeeping operations funding (collectively United Nations dues Voluntary contributions from Member States.

Regular budget appropriation

Changes in China's membership dues

To be apportioned to all Member States on a proportionate basis. According to Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations, "the expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members according to the limits apportioned by the General Assembly". The scale of contributions is subject to full discussion and consultation among Member States and is considered and decided by the General Assembly. The scale of contributions is reviewed every three years, and each time the scale is adjusted to reflect the latest developments in the world economy. The basic principle underlying the establishment of the scale of assessments is the principle of "capacity to pay", that is, the apportionment of United Nations contributions according to the respective economic strength of Member States. In order to make the scale fairer and more consistent with the principle of capacity to pay, the current scale also has an upper and lower limit. In 2013, the United Nations used new regular budget assessment rates. America It remains the largest contributor to the UN, with its 22 per cent share of the budget unchanged. Japan It was in second place, but its contribution fell to 10.8% from 13.5% previously. China A sharp increase from 3.19% to 5.15% (a total of about $130 million), more than Italy and Canada It became the sixth largest contributor to the United Nations. Numbers 3 through 5 are Germany 7.141%, France 5.593% and Britain 5.179%.

In December 2015, United Nations General Assembly On the evening of the 23rd, the scale of assessments of countries for the 2016-2018 United Nations contributions and peacekeeping assessments was adopted. According to this, in the next three years, China will bear 7.921 percent of the UN membership dues and 10.2 percent of the peacekeeping assessment. This is the second time in recent years that China's share of UN dues and peacekeeping contributions has increased significantly. ^[20]

Financing of peacekeeping operations

The costs of United Nations peacekeeping operations are also largely apportioned by Member States, but at a different rate than the regular budget.

Peacekeeping costs are financed on the basis of regular budget apportionment. This approach divides Member States into four groups, Group A consisting of the five permanent members, Group B consisting of developed countries, Group C consisting of economically least developed countries and Group D consisting of specially designated economically least developed countries. As a rule, Group B countries pay their regular budget assessments, Group C countries pay 20 per cent of their regular budget assessments, Group D countries pay 10 per cent of their regular budget assessments, and the five permanent members bear the remainder in addition to their regular budget contributions.

Voluntary contributions from Member States

Many United Nations agencies rely on voluntary contributions from the Governments of Member States to carry out their activities, the most important of which are United Nations Development Programme Unep, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR, Industrial Development Organization, World Food Programme Let's wait. In addition to government contributions, agencies such as UNDP and UNEP receive a small portion of the regular United Nations budget for their administrative and management expenses. Every November, the United Nations Pledging Conference takes place as scheduled New York United Nations Headquarters Hold.

Hold an event

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EDITOR

On 26 October 2019, the Permanent Mission of China to the United Nations and China Society for Human Rights Studies A side event on the right to development at the United Nations. ^[21]

A two-day online forum will be held on May 4, 2021, United Nations Academy of Sciences Explore how technology can better benefit all of humanity. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Assistant Secretary-General Spatolisano read on behalf of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Guterres The speech. ^[23]

On September 19, 2022, the United Nations held a high-level event in New York to promote the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals Move. In his address to the conference, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on countries to act quickly to resolve the crisis through peace and solidarity and get the world back on track. ^[33]

Ukraine issue

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EDITOR

On February 24, 2022, Ukraine Ask the United Nations to Donbass The situation called for an emergency meeting. ^[25]

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres announced on 24 February 2022 that the United Nations will immediately release $20 million from its Central Emergency Response Fund for immediate humanitarian needs in Ukraine and the surrounding region. ^[26]

On March 14, 2022, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres announced that the United Nations will allocate $40 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to strengthen humanitarian relief operations in Ukraine, which will be used to provide food, drinking water, medicine, and cash support to those in need. ^[28]

Related news

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EDITOR

Reported March 15, 2022, according to Ria Novosti Reported on the 14th, the director of the Department of International organizations of the Russian Foreign Ministry Peter Ilichev said in an interview with the media that Russia supports the relocation of the United Nations headquarters from New York Neutral state The idea. ^[29]

On March 16, 2022, it was reported that the United Nations is seeking to raise $4.27 billion (about 27.1 billion yuan) in funding for the war-torn country Yemen proceed Humanitarian aid To prevent starvation among the 19 million people in need of food aid within the country, but in Switzerland on March 16 Geneva Only $1.3 billion (about 8.251 billion yuan) was raised at the conference. ^[30]

March 31, 2022, in support of Afghanistan Humanitarian aid, United Nations cooperation with Britain, Germany and Qatar Co-host high-level pledging activities. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres says the goal for Afghanistan this year is $4.4 billion. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), years of conflict and repeated droughts have led to ongoing humanitarian needs in Afghanistan, and the current situation in the country is unprecedented, with more than 24.4 million people in need of humanitarian assistance to survive. Food security levels are declining at an alarming rate, with half of the population facing acute hunger and 9 million of them suffering from emergency food insecurity. ^[31]

On June 7, 2022 local time, Hungary Director of Environmental Sustainability, Office of the President Chaba Crossi Elected President of the 77th session of the UN General Assembly. ^[32]

On November 13, 2023, the United Nations Headquarters in New York flew the flag at half-mast for the round Israeli-palestinian conflict Condolences were paid to the 101 staff members who lost their lives. ^[46]

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