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The mode of operation refers to the enterprise in
Business activity
The methods and methods adopted in the mining, manufacturing, wholesale, retail, consulting, leasing, agency, etc. The mode of operation is
owner
And the manifestation of the relationship between operators.
- Chinese name
- Mode of operation
- presentation
- The relationship between owner and operator
- meaning
- Specific forms of operation of economic units
- categorize
- Sole proprietorship , partnership
catalogue
The mode of operation is
owner
And the manifestation of the relationship between operators. Such as China
Enterprises owned by the whole people
Before the reform of the system, they were directly operated by the state, and the ownership and
Right of management
Unity, hence the name
State enterprise
; After the reform of the system, enterprises will operate independently.
Separation of ownership and management
It is therefore called a state-owned enterprise.
Management mode is the specific form of economic unit management. Such as perennial operation or seasonal operation, fixed operation or mobile operation.
Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a company; there are only individuals who run it alone.
partnership
,
Limited liability company
, and
LLC
(A relatively new form called"
A limited liability company
".)
Individual independent business style
Some people, for no reason, feel that their own name is not appropriate for their business, so they print business cards and brochures in the name of a company. There is nothing wrong with this method, and many companies use this method. But you have to register the name with the local government, because after that, you are no longer doing business as an individual. You're doing business as a company. This form is quite common, especially in some very small businesses. In an independent business, you can hire employees, but you have to obey government regulations. You can take out a loan, but as an "individual," you have to pay taxes. To repeat: in an independent business, everyone has to pay
Individual income tax
.
Personal independence is for people who are willing to make others feel more like a company. It's ideal. But with a few employees, things get complicated.
Partnership mode
If a company is owned by two or more groups, it may be organized as a partnership.
There are two types of partnerships: one is the more general type of partnership, in which the partners are actively involved - they both own the business and run it together. The other is the narrow partnership mode, there is a broad partner, he is responsible for the daily management of the company, but also to the company
Financial work
Responsible, and one or more narrow partners who are not involved in the firm
Daily operation
And their obligation is limited to investing a certain amount of money.
Partners don't have to be individuals, they can be
Social group
Or some other legal
Economic entity
(or even other partnerships).
Co-venture is a type of partnership that often arises out of a business venture, such as developing a CD-ROM, where there may be more to be done together.
The partnership approach has advantages and disadvantages. The good news: there's not just one smart person in charge; The downside: more than one person in charge is smart. Each partner has the right to ask the other to do something, sometimes in the operation of the company, sometimes in the financial side. Partners pay personal income tax on the profits of the company, instead of paying federal income tax on its profits
Tax money
.
There is a rule,
Communication media
Companies are not generally organized as partnerships. The reason is that the relevant responsibilities are different. There is a lot of money at stake and, in theory, any one partner can use that money as he or she pleases, sometimes at the expense of the other partners. A corporation provides more security - but there is more paperwork and, in general, more tax to pay each year.
There are three types of limited liability companies, the two older and more similar types are C limited liability companies and S limited liability companies, which will be described here, and the older type of shares
Limited liability company
,
A limited liability company is one
Legal entity
It exists independently of its owner, and the person who owns a portion of the assets or shares of the company is called equity
holder
These shareholders elect a board of directors, which is responsible for selecting the officers of the LLC, for approving major operations of the corporation (for example, approving a large expenditure or a substantial loan), and for setting the overall policies of the corporation. All of this may sound like too much for a small company, but an LLC is often the right choice for a media company.
Because an LLC is a separate legal entity, at least to some extent, the people who own it deserve some protection from the legitimate actions of third parties. Media companies are notoriously averse to libel, defamation, copyright infringement, and the like, so they are advised to form limited liability companies (which at least provide some protection to the people who run them), which also allow employees and others to own shares in the company, or participate in one
Stock dividend
The plan. In the form of a limited liability company, there are many advantages. For example: in retirement
pension
and
Living welfare
Related aspects, as well as ownership of company property, an experienced accountant will be able to list these advantages in detail.
The relevant departments of Japan passed the excellent 40
Business condition
The detailed analysis, summed up 8 kinds of business "winning mode". The eight ways of doing business are:
- 1.
Flexible management
This way of doing business means being adaptable to changes in the external environment and its inaccuracies
leadership
. Its characteristic is that because it does not cling to the successful experience of the past, it can quickly turn, and the enterprise is more "open" and "perceptual" rich, and can quickly see the changes in the environment. Evaluate leaders in terms of flexibility
Latent ability
The index is: that is, "the degree of youth of cadres"
Mean age
'" and "The term of office of cadres".
- 1.
Core business operation
This way of doing business is supported by an ongoing commitment to maintaining and strengthening the backbone of the business
Competitive advantage
Status to ensure that the business has a solid
Market position
. The characteristic of "winning" companies is that they not only have absolutely solid worldwide markets, yes
Business environment
and
Competitive environment
Is very sensitive to the changes, and right
Business model
Small, sometimes drastic changes can be made immediately.
- 1.
Speed operation
This mode of operation refers to "the speed of judgment and decision making" or "the business process is very competitive in" time ", which become the dominant factor in the competition. The characteristic is that in order to achieve this speed management, "winning" companies constantly strive to reform business procedures, and "speed management" as the management method, know-how, system, and standard to judge the quality of leaders. "Speed management" focuses on improving the speed of business processes rather than improving infrastructure such as information systems.
- 1.
Maintain competitive operations in times of recession
This way of doing business means that in no
boom
When we can give full play to the strength of the enterprise, from the early stage of economic recovery, we will open the gap with other companies in the same industry with absolute competitive advantages. "Winning" companies are not just from
Business cycle
Instead, the government should make decisive changes based on identifying factors for structural changes
Business model
. "Winning" enterprises, even in the downturn, will not blindly "shrink", but will continue to actively "invest" to prepare for the arrival of the next period of economic growth.
- 1.
Lean management
This is a way of doing business that can bring out outstanding people in large numbers, and it has the appropriate resources
Enterprise structure
, institutions and culture. It has the following characteristics: "enterprise is people"
Management philosophy
Has penetrated into all departments of the company; Carry out without exception"
competence
Meritocratic
Personnel system
"; Have subordination
Organizational structure
On discovery and cultivation"
Leading talent
"Features, etc.
- 1.
Attach importance to enterprise value management
This mode of operation is based on the principle of joint management and the pursuit of maximum"
Shareholder value
". Most of the winners have been American
SEC
Standard act
Accounting standard
And implement
Information disclosure system
. The board reform also announced more precedents, adopting the pursuit of"
Enterprise value
"Type
Operating index
.
- 1.
Core advantage management
This mode of operation takes the main competitive advantages of the enterprise as the backbone of the enterprise. "Winning" companies are characterized by the fact that they give top priority to expanding and strengthening their main competitive advantage, and mobilize the strength of the entire company to strengthen this advantage.
- 1.
Technology-based management
This way of doing business means
Technical capability
And research and development ability as the core of enterprise competitive advantage. Like "technology building a country", "winning" enterprises establish "technology building a company" as the company's philosophy, and establish the policy of research and development, investment, training researchers and technical personnel as a consistent policy of the enterprise, rather than a temporary expedient. In addition, it has a top technical director on a permanent basis.
Market competition
Reform of the way business enterprises are run has been put on the agenda of business reform. In order to effectively organize and guide the healthy development of the reform of the mode of business operation, the following problems need to be solved:
First of all, in
Theoretical propaganda
Not only to be widely introduced
Developed country
The change of business management mode, more to analyze the historical background and the emergence of various business modes
Socio-economic conditions
And their strengths and weaknesses: avoid, as much as possible, the tendency to treat one way of doing business as perfect, to apply and copy it everywhere, regardless of time, place, and industry.
Secondly, in the process of guiding, organizing and promoting the reform of business mode of commercial enterprises, the choice of business mode of enterprises should be fully respected
autonomy
Never use it
Administrative means
To forcibly promote a certain way of doing business. The practice of reform shows that the economic reform
formalism
is
Executive order
and
Superior will
The consequences of forced promotion are not only costly and disruptive to the process of reform, but also
bruise
Grassroots enterprises and employees reform, innovate and expand
Production and management
The positivity. The main tasks of guiding the reform of the mode of operation of commercial enterprises should be: pointing out the necessity and urgency of changing the mode of operation; The driving force of reform is the initiative and creativity of enterprise leaders and workers. The success or failure of the reform depends on the enterprises in the market competition
Operating performance
That is, practice to test. It is also necessary to continuously collect information and, in the light of the changing trends and specific requirements of people's consumption, make judgments on the various modes of business operation and their actual structure in the region, the city and the country, indicating which modes of business have been saturated, which modes of business have room for development, and which modes of business will be replaced by new modes of business, It can be used as an important reference for enterprises in the reform of business mode, and it can be used to formulate the development plan of various business mode and structure in this city and region.
Again, push
Economic system
(including commercial enterprises) reform, establishment
Socialist market economic system
Is the vital cause of hundreds of millions of workers, only fully carry forward their
initiative
And the enthusiasm of entrepreneurship and development can create new ways of doing business according to local conditions, or only they can make the right choice for the way of doing business. Therefore, the reform of commercial management mode should go up on the basis of the innovation of enterprise employees at the grassroots level to sum up the successful experience that conforms to the actual situation of our country, and find out why it is successful
Basic factor
Such as in line with inheritance and development
Chinese nation
Excellence of
Cultural tradition
Adapted to a certain type of consumption mode or a certain class or a certain aspect
Consumption demand
In line with the industry to restrict the operation of enterprises
Economic law
and
Law of nature
And so on, so as to provide reference for millions of commercial grassroots enterprises to choose business mode.
Our people
Consumption demand
Great changes have taken place and it is pressing for a corresponding change in the way commercial enterprises operate. A profound understanding of the significance and role of the reform of the mode of commercial operation and a correct guide to the historical process of this reform is an important task entrusted to us by The Times that is directly related to people's economic life.
1. Self-production and self-marketing. It refers to the sale of products produced by private enterprises. Enterprises in this way of operation are generally small in scale, mostly for some
artisan
Like a shoe store,
Outfit shop
Let's wait. The majority is
Shop before factory after factory
Production, sales.
- 1.
Buy and sell on behalf of others. It means that in the form of a contract, a person is entrusted to act for him purchase A kind of sales Commercial activity . This way of doing business is flexible, Business scope More extensive, mostly for agriculture by-product There is a need for a certain business site, from which operators charge a certain fee. Purchasing and marketing agents must have credibility. Processing of incoming materials, processing of samples, assembly of incoming pieces. Incoming processing is to change raw materials, Semi-finished product The shape, nature, surface condition and use of the product are processed as required; Sample processing According to the needs of the order, according to the drawing, the design requirements of the order processing, product molding supply to the customer; Component assembly is to assemble the parts provided by the other party into products according to the requirements of the contract. No matter what kind of business mode, the enterprise must sign a contract with the other party to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.
- 2.
Wholesale. Commercial activities in batches, bulk sale of goods, its price is not lower than retail goods, the sales target is commodity operators, retailers, not directly sold to the final consumer. Wholesale goods need a certain amount of storage equipment, storage and transportation conditions and more funds.
- 3.
Retail. It refers to the purchase of goods in batches and bulk, and the sale is scattered and scattered, and the sales target is mostly the final consumer.
- 4.
The repair business. Repair damaged utensils, facilities and articles to their original state, or achieve the original functional purpose.
- 5.
The transportation industry. It is also divided into passenger transport and freight transport, because of the different means of transport used, it is also divided into non-motor transport or motor transport, ship transport, railway, road transport and water transport. Private enterprises do not operate railway transport.
- 6.
Consulting services. Consulting service is a rising industry. Private enterprises use the scientific and technological knowledge mastered in a certain field to provide customers with service, experience, material data, design, etc., so that customers can obtain knowledge and benefits in receiving consultation.
