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Oceanic climate refers to the climate of the region adjacent to the ocean. Such as the climate of islands or parts of the continent where the prevailing winds come from the sea. The climate formed by the action of large bodies of water in the ocean. Climate that includes the surface of the ocean or islands and the continental offshore portion of the ocean from which the prevailing air flows. Most of the continental areas near the ocean have maritime climate characteristics.
[4]
- Chinese name
- Marine climate
- Foreign name
- marine climate
- Field of application
- climatology
- subject
- Geography
- Local area
- Temperate, tropical and subtropical regions
- exegesis
- The climate of the region adjacent to the sea
- Emergence period
- The warmest month is August and the coldest month is February
- Typical area
- Coastal areas of Northwest Europe
The main characteristics of maritime climate and
Continental climate
In comparison, not only the annual and daily changes of temperature are smaller, but also the time when the extreme temperature appears is later than that in continental climate regions. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is more uniform.
Precipitation day
The number is large, the strength is small; Cloud frequency, high humidity. In terms of annual temperature variation, spring is colder than autumn, which is an obvious sign of Marine climate. The warmest month occurs in August and even extends to September. The coldest month is February, but at higher latitudes it is delayed until March. The coastal areas of Northwest Europe are often regarded as typical of the maritime climate on the continent.
Tropical Marine climate landscape
Because the ocean is so big
Water action
The climate that was formed. Climate that includes the surface of the ocean or islands and the continental offshore portion of the ocean from which the prevailing air flows. Marine climate has the following characteristics:
The annual and diurnal temperature changes are very small, and no diurnal changes are even observed on the ocean surface. annual
Extreme value
It is generally one month later than the mainland, such as the coldest month in February and the warmest month in August. At high latitudes, the coldest month may be in March, and the warmest month may be in September. Autumn is warmer than spring.
(2) The seasonal distribution of precipitation is more uniform, and the number of precipitation days is more, but the intensity is small. Cloud frequency, high humidity.
There are more storms in the tropical oceans, such as the southwest part of the North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea
typhoon
Generate and influence areas strongly.
Tropical storm
(including typhoon) is a very important meteorological disaster.
④ Cloudy weather, high humidity. Most of the continental areas near the ocean have Marine climate characteristics, and the coastal areas of Western Europe are typical Marine climate areas on the continent.
[1]
World climate map
Mild, cloudy, humid maritime climate, giving people a comfortable feeling; In fact, this climate is not conducive to plant growth. At the end of the 19th century, it was found that wheat grown in Europe under maritime climate conditions has a small protein content, at most only 4-8%. With the deep continental, to the European part of Russia, the protein content of wheat increased by 9 to 12%, in the relatively dry and hot regions, the protein content of wheat increased to 18%, and even more than 20%, the former Soviet Union scientists proved that the more continental the climate of a region, the higher the protein content of wheat. In warm, cool and humid climates, the starch content of wheat increases, while the protein content decreases. In order to supplement the lack of protein, people have to resort to meat, but it also brings the shortcomings of too much fat. So a maritime climate is not very good for agriculture. In fact, living in a maritime climate, although the climate is mild and suitable for human survival, most of the world's population lives near the sea
Continental climate
Continental climate Hot summer Different climates, mainly depends on the nature of the surface of the different. The physical properties of the ocean and the land are very different, and under the same solar radiation, they warm and lose heat in very different situations. The ocean absorbs heat much better than the land, and the sun's heat radiated to the ocean is rarely reflected back; most of it is absorbed by the sea and stored in the ocean interior through the fluctuations of the sea water. In this way, even in the hot summer, the temperature of the ocean does not rise suddenly. Compared with land at the same latitude, the temperature in the ocean changes much less. In winter, although the amount of solar radiation is reduced, the great heat stored in the ocean begins to be steadily released, so that the temperature of the sea and its vicinity is higher than that of other land areas at the same latitude. As a result, the ocean acts as a huge automatic temperature regulator, making the temperature of the nearby area warm in winter and cool in summer.
In the hinterland of the continent, far from the sea, the annual and daily temperature ranges are much greater than in the coastal areas, because they are not regulated by the sea.
Pingtan Island in the Taiwan Strait has an annual average daily temperature difference of 4.9 ° C, 5.5 ° C less than Yongan in Fujian Province on the mainland. In many parts of our western interior,
Daily temperature ranges
It is generally between 20 and 25 ° C, while in
Turpan
In the basin, the daily temperature difference reached 50℃. Also, in the temperature
Interannual variation
There are also big differences between coastal areas and inland areas. The average temperature in the hottest month of the year in the South China Sea Islands is only 28℃~29℃, while in the inland Chongqing, Changsha, Nanchang and so on, it is as high as 34~35℃ or more.
[3]
In Marine climates, temperatures change slowly, spring comes late, summer fades slowly, and spring temperatures are generally lower than autumn temperatures. On the contrary, continental climate temperature changes dramatically, spring comes earlier, summer goes earlier, spring temperature is higher than autumn temperature. by
Marine air mass
Under the influence of warm and humid air currents, the annual precipitation in Marine climate is more, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation in a year is more uniform, especially in winter. In continental climate, the annual precipitation is small, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation in a year is uneven, and the summer precipitation is the most.
Because of the great effect of the distribution of sea and land on the climate formation, there is a significant difference between the climate under Marine and continental conditions in the same latitude zone. The former is called Marine climate, the latter is called continental climate. There are many indicators that distinguish Marine climate from continental climate, and the most important ones are "air pressure" and "wind direction"
[2]
.
Temperate maritime climate
(1) Annual temperature range: the smallest in Valencia (7.9K(Kelvin)), the greater the inland annual range, to Irkutsk as 38.7K(Kelvin).
(2) Annual temperature phase time:
Valencia
Due to the influence of the ocean, both cooling and warming are slow, and the coldest month (February) and hottest month (August) appear 240 months later than the other three stations in Table 6·8.
(3) Spring temperature and autumn temperature difference: climatologically, the temperature in April and October usually represents the mild spring and autumn temperature respectively. Marine climate temperature changes slowly, spring comes later, summer goes later, and spring temperature is lower than autumn temperature (e.g. T4 < TOctober in Valencia). Continental climate temperature changes rapidly, spring comes quickly, summer goes quickly, spring temperature is higher than autumn temperature (such as Irkutsk T4 month > TOctober).
(4) Daily temperature range: The daily temperature range is generally larger in summer than in winter. The maximum daily temperature range ΔTM is 4.1 ° C (June) and the minimum daily temperature range ΔTn is 1.2 ° C (January). The ΔTM and ΔTn of Irkutsk are 14.1 ° C (June) and 5.7 ° C (December), respectively, which are both larger than that of Valencia.
Temperate maritime climate
In addition, Marine climates generally have greater absolute and relative humidity than continental climates. The annual range of relative humidity is smaller in Marine climates than in continental climates.
In climatology, in order to quantitatively represent the degree of continental climate in different regions, the
Climatic continence
As an indicator to measure. There are many ways to calculate the continental degree, usually based on the annual temperature variation (to eliminate the influence of latitude) and the latitude departure of the temperature.
distribution
Tropical Marine climate
It appears on the east coast of the mainland and some islands in the tropical ocean in the trade wind belt of 10° ~ 25° south and north latitudes. Such as the Caribbean coast of Central America, the West Indies, the east coast of the Brazilian plateau in South America, the east coast of the African island of Madagascar, the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean and the coastal strip of Queensland, Australia. These areas are influenced by trade winds from the tropical ocean and prevail all year round
Tropical Marine air mass
The climate is maritime. The annual and daily temperature ranges are small, but the average temperature of the coldest month is slightly lower than the equator, the annual difference is slightly larger than the equatorial rainy climate, the annual precipitation is generally more than 2000 mm, and the seasonal distribution is more uniform. Most of the Pacific islands are located
The Tropic of Cancer
Between the equatorial rainy climate and
Tropical Marine climate
. Due to the relatively small area of each island, it can fully regulate the ocean, although it is a tropical climate, the temperature is not too high [1].
climate
With the exception of a few islands, the average annual temperature rarely exceeds 29 ° C or falls below 24 ° C (Table 9-8). The annual range is less than 1 ° C in the equatorial zone, more than 5 ° C in the higher latitudes, such as New Caledonia, and more than 10 ° C in the Pacific Northwest, due to the monsoon.
Precipitation varies widely across the Pacific islands, depending on latitude, topography, and wind direction. Generally speaking, the annual precipitation of each island is more than 1000mm, and it can reach 2000-4000mm or even 6000mm on the windward slopes. The highest average annual precipitation is recorded in
Hawaiian Islands
the
Kauai
Up to 12040mm, ranking first in the world. Annual rainfall on the lee slope of the island is less than 1000mm. In the Pacific Islands, most precipitation types are
Convective rain
and
Frontal rain
The higher islands also have a lot of topographic rain.
Most of the Pacific Islands
equator
Rainy climate and
Tropical Marine climate
However, close to the Asian and Australian continents, it is also affected by the monsoon. In central Polynesia and
Micronesia
the
The Caroline Islands
Nearby is the main source of typhoons, typhoons in the path of the island often caused serious damage to buildings. The climate of the Pacific islands is warm and humid, and the plants are luxuriant except for some coral islands. Tropical rain forest of Melanesia, mainly palm and tree fern plants. Little or no precipitation
Dry season
Where forests were replaced by grasslands. In the river valley and on the seashore
bog
. in
tide
Fluctuating areas are all over the place
Mangrove forest
. In the low flat
Coral island
Above, the vegetation is sparse and grows more
pandan
,
horsetail
and
Coconut palm
Let's wait. Due to the geographic isolation of the Pacific islands, there are few species and many endemic species. For example,
Hawaii
More than 90% of the islands' plants are endemic,
New Caledonia
Of the 2,500 species of flowering plants, 80% are endemic.
distribution
It is located in the west coast of the continent at latitudes 40 to 60 degrees north and south, except for Asia, Africa and Antarctica, and the rest of the continents are present, of which the western part of the European continent and the British Isles are the most typical.
Temperate maritime climate
Often found only on narrow strips or islands.
The temperate maritime climate is most typical in Western Europe, where it has the largest distribution, but also in the corresponding latitudes on the west coast of the American continent, and in Tasmania and New Zealand in Oceania. This climate is found in northwestern Europe, the Pacific coast of Canada, southern Chile, South Africa, and a small portion of southeastern Australia.
Western Europe is located at about 30-40 degrees north latitude and is influenced by westerly winds, which can be affected by water vapor blowing from the Atlantic Ocean. The terrain of North America is higher in the west, with a middle base, and slightly higher in the east. Moisture blowing from the Pacific Ocean is blocked by the Rocky Mountains, and only the coastal fringe can be affected
Alaska warm current
Yes. So Northern Europe is big, North America is small.
climate
Located on the west coast of the mainland, south and north latitudes 40° ~ 60°. All year round in the westerlies, deeply affected by the sea air mass, the coast and warm current through, winter without cold, summer without heat, the average temperature of the coldest month above 0℃, the hottest month below 22℃, the temperature of the year, the daily range is small. There is precipitation throughout the year, more in autumn and winter, the annual precipitation is more than 1000 mm, and the windward slope in the mountain can reach 2000 ~ 3000 mm, or even higher. This climate is most typical and most widespread in Western Europe, but also in the Americas, the corresponding latitudes on the western coast of the African continent, and Tasmania and New Zealand in Oceania.
This climate type is affected by westerly winds throughout the year, and Marine air masses prevail. Mild moist, small temperature difference for its main characteristics. The highest and lowest monthly average temperature is in August and February respectively, and the monthly average temperature is not lower than 0℃ and not higher than 22℃. Precipitation in 500 ~ 700mm, in the local windward slope can reach 2500mm. Due to many
Cyclonic rain
,
Precipitation intensity
Very small, very rainy days, not enough light. Be unsuitable for
Food crop
Grow.
Natural vegetation
It is mainly composed of broad-leaved deciduous forest and mixed forest.
Temperate maritime climate
Compared with continental climate, not only the annual and daily changes of temperature are smaller, but also the time when the extreme temperature appears is later than that of continental climate. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is more uniform, with more precipitation days and less intensity. Cloud frequency, high humidity. In terms of annual temperature variation, spring is colder than autumn, and the temperate Marine climate is an obvious sign of Marine climate. The warmest month occurs in August and even extends to September. The coldest month is February, but at higher latitudes it is delayed until March. The coastal areas of Northwest Europe are often regarded as typical of the maritime climate on the continent.
Compared with continental climate, Marine climate not only has less annual and diurnal temperature variation, but also appears later than continental climate. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is more uniform, with more precipitation days and less intensity. Cloud frequency, high humidity. In terms of annual temperature variation, spring is colder than autumn, which is an obvious sign of Marine climate. The warmest months occur in August and even extend into September (e.g
San Francisco
); The coldest month is February, but at higher latitudes it is delayed until March. The coastal areas of Northwest Europe are often regarded as typical of the maritime climate on the continent.
Marine climate is the most basic climate type on Earth. The general characteristics are small influence by the mainland and large influence by the ocean. In Marine climate, the annual and diurnal temperature changes are relatively mild, and the annual and diurnal temperature ranges are smaller than those in continental climate. The temperature in spring is lower than that in autumn. The maximum and minimum temperature appear later than that in continental climate. The hottest month is in August and the coldest month is in February.
The climate formed by the action of large bodies of water in the ocean. Climate that includes the surface of the ocean or islands and the continental offshore portion of the ocean from which the prevailing air flows. Marine climate has the following characteristics:
The annual and diurnal temperature changes are very small, and no diurnal changes are even observed on the ocean surface. The maximum annual variation is generally one month later than the mainland, such as the coldest month in February and the warmest month in August. At high latitudes, the coldest month may be in March, and the warmest month may be in September (e.g., San Francisco). Autumn is warmer than spring.
(2) The seasonal distribution of precipitation is more uniform, and the number of precipitation days is more, but the intensity is small. Cloud frequency, high humidity.
(3) There are more storms in the tropical oceans, such as the southwest part of the North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, where typhoons are generated and have strong effects. Tropical storm (including typhoon) is a very important meteorological disaster.
④ Cloudy weather, high humidity. Most of the continental areas near the ocean have Marine climate characteristics, and the coastal areas of Western Europe are typical Marine climate areas on the continent.
