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Mud River Bay is
Hebei (Province)
province
Yangyuan county
A small village in the east, located in
Sanggan
upstream
Yangyuan
The basin. About two million years ago, ancient humans were active on this land. In 1978, Chinese archaeologists discovered a large amount in Xiaochangliang Donggu Tuo near Nihewan
Paleolith
and
mammalia
Animal fossil
. That includes a lot of
Stone nucleus
,
SLATE
Stone tools and stones discarded when making stone tools. September 1924, France
paleontologist
Deiljan
and
Sang Zhihua
Under investigation
Inner Mongolia
Sarahusu came on his way back
Zhangjiakou
With the United States
geologist
Balbo made a brief geological expedition to Nihewan.
On March 3, 2022, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage was held in Beijing
Important progress work on the "archaeological China" major project
The latest progress of archaeological discovery and research in Nihewan, Hebei Province was reported. It is understood that the discovery is our country and even
East Asia
The region is the earliest known
Prehistoric man
Processing pigments, inlay use
microstone
The archaeological remains of East Asia and the world
Paleolithic age
Humans
Cultural development
Process is of great value.
[5]
- Chinese name
- Nihewan
- Foreign name
- Nihewan
- Ground point
- Hebei Province Yangyuan county
- discoverer
- Deiljan and Sang Zhihua
- kartodate
- About two million years ago
- Unearthed cultural relic
- Hominin fossil , Animal fossil , all kinds of stone tools
- Primary value
- China and other continents Stratigraphic correlation the Standard section
September 1924, French paleontologist
Deiljan
and
Sang Zhihua
In the Inner Mongolia Salawusu on the way back to Zhangjiakou, with the American geologist Balbo in Nihewan for a short geological survey.
In 1957, archaeologists observed that "Peking man" had made great progress in stone tools and could use and control fire, and thus concluded that "Peking man" five or six hundred thousand years ago was by no means the earliest human, "Peking man" was not the first. The discovery of this tiny stone tool confirms that"
Nihewan Stage
The stratum is the earliest human foot ground ", so
Jalan Pho
Academicians believe that 1.6 million years ago, there was such progress in stone tools, proof
Human origin
Much earlier than previously thought, it is not an exaggeration to say that there were humans four million years ago.
On April 23, 1988, Nihewan was opened to the public at the invitation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, United States
University of California
The scholars came to investigate and opened the pace of the opening of Nihewan.
In 1990, with the approval of the State Department, the Sino-US Nihewan Archaeological Project led by Professor Clark became the first of its kind since the founding of the People's Republic of China
Sino-foreign cooperation
The archaeological project. So far, more than 30 have been received
Country and region
More than 500 scholars and experts have published more than 700 papers on Nihewan.
In 1994 geologists and paleontologists, in
Nihewan Basin
Small Changliang site
Found a large number of the world's earliest small stone tools. These stone tools are relatively small, most weighing between 5 and 10 grams, the smallest less than 1 gram. Can be divided into
stylus
,
scraper
,
carver
and
Conical apparatus
The same type, a total of about 2000 pieces. These stone tools pass
paleomagnetism
Experts determined that it is about 1.6 million years old.
From August 1995 to September 1998, on the basis of previous excavations,
Hebei Institute of Cultural Relics
and
Peking University
Archaeology department cooperation excavation, found in Yujiagou site
North China
Extremely rare
Pleistocene
Late to mid-Holocene
Stratigraphic section
And cultural profile, the excavation was selected for the 1998"
Top 10 new archaeological discoveries in China
".
From June to August 1996, American Indian University and Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Research Institute were formed
Sino-american union
The archaeological team. Yeah
Nihewan ruins
Also carried out a two-month excavation research work, obtained a large number of more precious
Animal fossil
and
Paleolith
Etc.
Physical data
Further confirmed
Nihewan Basin
It's China
Human origin
The cradle, yes
Ancient humans
One of the birthplaces is a huge scientific treasure house to be further studied, developed and utilized
World cultural heritage
.
The year 2001
Machanggou Site
The excavation of the first time found the remains of human eating about 2 million years ago, which is the earliest human origin found in China so far. Mud river Bay shows us that human beings are not only from
East Africa
The Olduvai Canyon came, and it is also possible to come from China's Nihe Bay.
In March 2001, it was selected as one of the "100 major archaeological Discoveries of the 20th Century in China" and listed by The State Council
National key cultural relics protection units
.
October 2001, in
Nihewan Maquan ditch site
Found the lowest level, the earliest age of the site, excavated hundreds of pieces
stonework
, animal bones, will
Nihewan Basin
The age of paleolithic stones has been pushed forward by hundreds of thousands of years, to about 2 million years ago. Whereas the Nihewan site is in
Prehistoric culture
Has an important position and value.
August 24, 2014, by
Hebei (Province)
The Nihewan archaeological excavation organized by Nihewan Provincial Administration Office has made important progress, and a relatively complete elephant head fossil has been unearthed for the first time. The fossilized elephant head is tilted slightly upward, one
Ivory fossil
It is more complete, 1.5 meters long, and the other ivory has a partial front, 1.2 meters long, and the fossilized molar teeth of the elephant are clearly visible. The fossil elephant head is buried in
Fluvial facies
In the sand layer, it has been transported, suggesting that the fossil elephant head must have been washed down here by years of rain. It's a million years
mammoth
The head fossil, or the elephant head fossil after the evolution of the southern elephant, needs further research and certification by experts.
[3]
On February 18, 2023, at the 2022 Hebei Field Archaeology Report meeting, six new archaeological discoveries in Hebei in 2022 were announced, including the New Miaozhuang site in Nihewan, Yangyuan County. The excavation of Xinmiaozhuang site in Nihewan, Yangyuan County unearthed the earliest stone leaf technology products in North China, which plays an important role in exploring the evolution of stone technology and the origin of stone leaf and fine stone leaf technology in the late Paleolithic Age in North China.
[7]
Nihewan Site is located in Hebei Province
Yangyuan county
To the East,
Sanggan
The North Shore,
Huaxiaoying Town
Within the territory, is the international demarcated Quaternary strata representative site.
Nihewan Basin is more than 60 kilometers long from east to west and about 10 kilometers wide from north to south. More than 2 million years ago, there was a large lake here, and around the lake, there was a world of ancient animals. Later, the lake dried up and the bottom of the lake was bare due to the rivers
erosion
, dry"
Fossil lake
"Plains" became hills, terraces, basins,
Nihewan Basin
Is one of them. At this time, the basin around
Mountain forest
Dense, warm and humid,
Wild animal
Dense, but also the ancient human ideal place to live.
Nihewan in China is an internationally recognized quaternary standard stratum with the largest and best preserved sections.
Nihewan site group
There's no chronological fault. It's two million years old
Machanggou Site
1.36 million years
Small Changliang site
1.36 million years of vineyards, Guangliang
ruins
1 million years of mountain Zuomiao, Ma Digou, Donggu Tuo,
Flying beam
Huo Jiadi, Xu Jiapo,
East beam
, light slope, back earth hill,
Cenjiawan Ruins
; 780,000 years of Ma Liang, bird site Ergou site; 120,000 years have Shandai, Xixianzi site; 100,000 years of Houjia Kiln, flood fort ruins; 78,000 years of Banjingzi site, 28,000 years of Shang
spit
Xinmiaozhuang site, 11,600 years of tiger head Liang,
Oil house
Site of Xigou and West White Horse Camp; 4000 years have Zhoujiashan, nine
barn
Yu Tiao ditch, etc.; In 3000, there was a Ding fort
Mud spring
In total, there are more than 130, and there are 124 tombs in the Warring States, Han and Liao Dynasties, so it has become a "world natural museum".
[1-2]
As early as the 1920s and 1930s, Chinese and foreign scientists found many bivalve mussel fossils and mammals in this area
Animal fossil
,
The founding of New China
After, China geology and
paleontology
Workers have made many expeditions here and found hundreds of fossils of a wide variety of animals, and many more have been found since the 21st century
Paleolithic age
Cultural site
In the era, from more than 1 million years to 10,000 years Paleolithic early, middle and late sites have each stage, and the content is very rich. Among them, 18 are more than 1 million years old, which is unique in the world. The discovery proves that Nihewan Site is an important area for searching for early human fossils. Archaeologists in Hebei Province called Nihewan Site "the holy land of paleolithic archaeology". When some archeologists mention Nihe Bay, they all say that "there are treasures everywhere."
[1]
In scientific reports,
archaeologist
The river and lake sediments in the basin were named Nihewan layer, which opened the Nihewan basin
Scientific research
The curtain of... More than 80 years from that moment, through the archaeological excavation and research of more than 500 experts and scholars from more than 20 countries and regions, 82 kilometers long from east to west, 27 kilometers wide from north to south
Sanggan
More than 80 sites containing the remains of early human culture have been found in the cross-strait area, and tens of thousands of pieces have been unearthed
Hominin fossil
,
Animal fossil
And various stone tools, almost recorded from
Paleolithic age
The whole process of development and evolution to the Neolithic Age. Among the 25 early human cultural relics dating back more than 1 million years that have been found in China,
Nihewan site group
That's 21 of them.
Our country has been found 1 million years ago
Pleistocene
There are 16 Paleolithic sites, 12 of which are Nihewan site Group. Not only that, the mud River Bay is rich
Cultural accumulation
Also include
paleontology
,
Quaternary geology
,
palaeogeography
and
Paleoclimatology
And many other disciplines have become world-famous"
Natural museum
"Is a unique mud river bay
Cultural tourism
Hotline. The protection and development of Nihewan site group is not only of great significance to human archaeological research, but also plays a great role in promoting local economic development.
Long beam
locate
Yangyuan county
Datianwa Township
500 meters north of Guanting Village, 1978, by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
paleo-vertebrate
And the Institute of Paleoanthropology You Yuzhu, Tang Yingjun and Li Yi found and excavated. More than 1,000 stone tools were found, belonging to the small stone tradition; epigaeous
Animal fossil
There are hyenas samsoni,
Three-legged horse
,
Equus sanmenensis
, woolly rhinoceros,
antelope
Let's wait. Its geological age is 1.36 million years ago.
Small Changliang site
On the study of North China
Paleolithic culture
It is of great significance to explore the origin and development of microlithic systems. Small Changliang site as China's ancient
Human activity
The northernmost witness is inscribed on
China Millennium Monument
the
Bronze tunnel
Up.
Horse circle ditch
Machanggou Site
locate
Yangyuan county
Southwest of Cengjiawan Village, Datianwa Township, 1992,
Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau
Xie Fei
Leader, make continuous excavations. In 2001, against III
Cultural layer
Excavations reveal the ancient human "dining table" of 2 million years ago: in excavation
Prospecting square
The southern area is scattered with a group of elephant skeletons, interspersed with stone artifacts and animals
remains
And natural stone made of ancient human dining scene, most of the bones have the marks of cutting and scraping. Vividly shows the ancient group of eating elephants, scraping meat for food, the situation of the bone and marrow, for the study of human behavior at that time provides precious
Scientific data
.
Tiger-head beam
It is located in Yangyuan County
East Town
About 800 meters southeast of Hutou Liang Village, 1972, by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
paleo-vertebrate
And the Institute of Paleoanthropology was discovered and excavated by Gai Pei and Wei Qi. Excavated with a wedge
Stone nucleus
And a large number of stone tools, mainly pointed ware, also found the ancient people used the stove pit. Subsequently, by
Hebei Institute of Cultural Relics
Excavated the Yujiagou site, unearthed 10,000 years ago
Sand inclusion
The tawny pottery pieces are in
Paleolithic age
The only piece of pottery found in the stratum is important for studying the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic,
Origin of agriculture
The origin of pottery industry is of great significance, and it was named one of the top ten national archaeological discoveries in 1998.
There are three hotspots for Paleolithic research in the world today,
Africa
,
Western Europe
and
East Asia
. "As far as the country is concerned, China's ancient human research materials are unique, any one wants to study the Paleolithic age, can not avoid China, and in China, Nihewan is undoubtedly the most can not be ignored." So far, more than 1,000 archaeologists from more than 50 countries have visited the site,
Nihewan site group
It has become a cultural treasure house for Chinese and foreign archeologists to study the world's ancient humans."
[2]
The internationally recognized Mud River Bay
Human activity site
It goes back 1.7 million years, and some scholars think it goes back even 2 million years. This age is also an important stage in the origin of human beings. For this reason, the British "Nature" magazine and the American "Science" magazine have published papers. Britain
BBC
Radio station, United States
National Geographic
Magazines and so on have been Nihewan
Series report
And more and more international academic conferences have also chosen Nihewan.
[2]
"
Oriental human exploration project
-- Nihe Bay
Human origin
"Geological and Environmental Background Research" project in Hebei Province on June 8, 2013
Yangyuan county
Officially started.
whole
Nihewan site group
Not only the number is huge, but also the annual span is large, almost covered
Paleolithic age
Every aspect. Mud river Bay
Academic value
It has aroused the general concern of the geological and archaeological circles. At the same time, the protection, development and utilization of Nihewan site group and Nihewan standard strata have attracted great attention from governments at all levels.
In 1997,
Hebei Provincial People's Government
The Nihewan area is listed as the first provincial geological site protection area in the province.
In 2000, Nihewan paleolithic archaeology was rated as one of the hundred major archaeological discoveries in China, among which
Small Changliang site
As the northernmost witness of human activities and one of the early birthplaces of ancient humans in China, it is engraved on the 270-meter-long China Millennium Monument in Beijing
Bronze tunnel
On the first step.
In 2001, Nihewan site Group was declared by the state as
The fifth batch of key national cultural relics under protection
.
In June 2001, archaeologists from Hebei Province excavated here and found a total of seven cultural layers, of which the remains of ancient human eating before and after 2 million years were found in the third cultural layer.
mammoth
Bones, stone artifacts, animal remains and natural stones are scattered
Prospecting square
Inside, there are very clear slash and scrape marks preserved on the bones of many animals, one of them
flint
The scraper happened to be placed on one of the ribs. "The distribution of this group of cultural relics reveals the internal connection between humans, stone artifacts and animal bones of the time, so it is known as the earliest feast of mankind."
[2]
In 2002, Mud River Bay was listed as
National nature reserve
. Is actively preparing for the application"
World cultural heritage
".
[1]
February 4, 2002, Hebei Province
Provincial government
in
Yangyuan
Presided over the convening
Nihewan site group
The site office meeting on protection, development and utilization identified twelve specific tasks for the protection and development of Nihe Bay, the most important of which was construction
Mud River Bay Museum
. It is understood that the proposed construction of Nihewan Museum is located in
Zhangjiakou
Yangyuan County,
Construction land
20 acres,
Project budget
Total investment
$31.5 million. After the completion of the museum, the total area will reach 4560 square meters, including the exhibition hall area of 2173 square meters, the warehouse area of 850 square meters, the other area of 1537 square meters, its scale is a medium-sized museum in China. It is reported that after the completion of the Nihewan Museum, it will meet more than 50,000 pieces
Unearthed cultural relic
The exhibition and display, and protect the collection and science
Educational function
. The project is under active preparation.
In June 2012, Hebei Province invested 40 million yuan to build Nihewan Paleolithic
museum
Officially open to the public. The first thing you see when you enter the museum
Machanggou Site
The excavation site.
On December 16, 2022, Nihewan was approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as the fourth batch of national archaeological site parks.
[6]
In July 2023, Nihewan has started the application of World Cultural Heritage.
[8]
Protection and development of Nihewan: 1, provinces, cities and counties have established the protection and development of Nihewan
Leading group
And the corresponding working institutions. 2. Cooperated with the provincial cultural relics, geology and planning departments, formulated the 10-year protection and development plan, and submitted it to the Provincial Construction Department for approval. In the name of Zhangjiakou City government, issued the "Notice on Strengthening the protection and management of Nihewan Site Group", and by
Yangyuan county
The relevant laws and regulations will be printed into books and distributed for publicity. 3. Under the guidance of the provincial Expert Advisory Committee
Mud River Bay Museum
Construction matters, do the corresponding basic work. 4. Edited and filmed a variety of promotional text and video materials, and organized extensive and in-depth promotional activities. 5. Five roads leading to the main site area, nearly 40 kilometers, were built
Protective engineering
, combine
Return farmland to forest and grass
The core area and greening on both sides of the road totaled 15,000 mu. 6, set
Scope of cultural relics protection
, geological core areas and
Pilot site
The sign of...
Nihewan site group
It is unique in China and even in the world
Paleolith
Archaeological research base,
Nihewan Basin
There are international geological and archaeological circles recognized quaternary standard strata, Nihewan basin, Nihewan
Geological section
Nihewan flora and fauna, Nihewan cultural site has become the world's ancient human culture and other multidisciplinary research treasure. From 1924 Western scholar Barbo found a great deal here
Paleontological fossil
After it was named the Nihewan Layer, more than 500 archaeological experts from more than 20 countries came to investigate and study, and a group of well-known experts in China are often involved.
Nihe Wan is carried out in China as well as other continents
Stratigraphic correlation
the
Standard section
. The Nihewan standard stratigraphy records the evolution of the earth from the late Tertiary period to the Quaternary period.
Human evolution
The history of the ancient world has attracted great attention from experts in geology, paleontology, paleoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology at home and abroad.
Nihewan site group unearthed
Hominin fossil
,
Animal fossil
A total of tens of thousands of stone tools. These ancient cultural sites are widely distributed and rich in content, including
paleoanthropology
paleo
archaeology
, paleontology,
Quaternary geology
,
Paleomagnetism
,
Paleoclimatology
And dating and other disciplines, almost recorded
The origin of man
It is a natural museum, which is of great significance for exploring the development of the early human beings in the world and the evolution and development of their cultures.
[1-2]
Yangyuan County is the first apricot in the west of Beijing
Buddha offering
The origin of apricot, for Buddha apricot because of apricot big, bright color, beautiful taste is famous, 1999 as Zhangjiakou city famous products in
World Expo
The exhibition was well received by domestic and foreign merchants.
Buddha offering
apricot
There is a beautiful legend. In 1918, there was a monk in Anle Temple, Nankou Village, Yangyuan County. Once, Zen Master Menjing went out to give a sermon and brought two seedlings of apricot trees from other places and planted them in the vegetable garden in front of the temple. Through the careful cultivation of Zen master Menjing, the apricot tree blossomed in 4 years, bore fruit in 5 years, and became abundant in 8 years
Apricot fruit
Time. apricot
Tartaric acid
Sweet, delicious, big, apricot is the best. Zen master Menjing picked the ripe apricot fruit and offered it to Buddhas, so he named it "Apricot for Buddha".
[2]
Mud River Bay elephant
Prairie mammoth
It's an ancient species that lives in the cold climates of the north
mammal
According to the latest archaeology
Research data
It lived between 1.7 million and 100,000 years ago. Archaeologists have recently found more than 20 grassland mammoth footprints in the Nihewan site group Mazhuanggou Site Yuzuigou No. 1 site, most of the footprints preserved clear and complete, scattered around the stone products,
Animal fossil
78 pieces. By dating the strata, the researchers estimated that the mammoth footprints were about 1.6 million years old.
[4]
