Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
French (French: Francais; English: French) belongs to Europe
Indo-European
Romance group
A language of... Romance languages include Central Romance languages (French,
Italian
,
Sardinia
Dialect,
Catalan
Etc.), Western Romance languages (
Spanish
,
Portuguese
Etc.) and Eastern Romance (
Romanian
Etc.).
After Spanish, French is one of the most widely spoken Romance languages. There are currently 87 million people around the world who speak French
Native language
An additional 285 million people speak French (including speakers of the French language
Second language
Of the people). French is...
The United Nations
,
European Union
The official language of regional and international organizations. French French and
Canadian French
Are the two major branches of French in the world, and the two are significantly different.
[1]
- Chinese name
- French
- Foreign name
-
Français
(in French)
French (English)
- class
- Indo-European Romance group
- categorize
- French French, Canadian French , Belgian French , African French Etc.
- plot
- France
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Organization of la Francophonie
- ▪Member
- ▪Associate member
- ▪Observer
- 3World distribution
- 4Dialects by region
- ▪backdrop
- ▪sketch
- 5International status
- ▪International organization
- ▪International competition
- 6Use area
- ▪Official language
- ▪Universal country
- 7articulation
- ▪Pronunciation of letters
- ▪Spelling rules
French characters are phonetic characters, which are composed of phonetic letters. The composition of letters is related to pronunciation. According to different letter combinations, the pronunciation of the text can be read directly
[2]
. This is obviously different from the Chinese character system. The French are
Gaul
The descendants of les gaulois.
-
By the 5th century, Latin had widely replaced the language used in France Celtic . Within Gaul, as Roman immigration increased, the Gauls came to use it in general Latin It merged into popular latin (le latin vulgaire), and at the same time, the written Latin used by the upper literati began to decline. The early Latin-speaking inhabitants of Gaul followed in the 5th century Great national migration Germanic-speaking who entered Gaul Franks The language began to merge. The French language began to lose its virtue stress Syllable.
-
In the 8th century, Empire of Charlemagne The establishment of the French language began to standardize.
-
From A.D. 939 Capetian dynasty In the beginning, French became the only official language of France. The predecessor of modern French is Vulgar Latin Evolved from the Gallo-Romance language.
President of France, 20 March 2018
Macron
in
Paris
Announce,
France
The promotion of French will be strengthened worldwide, with plans to make French the third most spoken language in the world by 2050. France plans to increase the number of French speakers worldwide from 274 million to more than 700 million by 2050.
To achieve this goal, France will focus on
Africa
The region strengthened the promotion of French. The new strategy to strengthen the promotion of the French language includes three parts: encouraging "learning" in French, "spreading" in French and "creating" in French, covering more than 30 specific measures such as strengthening the training of French language teaching staff and strengthening the export of French cultural industries.
[1]
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
New Brunswick, Canada
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16.
Francophone Belgium
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
- 25.
France
- 26.
- 27.
- 28.
- 29.
- 30.
- 31.
Equatorial Guinea
- 32.
Haiti
- 33.
Laos
- 34.
Lebanon
- 35.
- 36.
Madagascar
- 37.
Mali
- 38.
Morocco
- 39.
Mauritius
- 40.
Mauritania
- 41.
Moldova
- 42.
Principality of Monaco
- 43.
The Niger
- 44.
Romania
- 45.
Rwanda
- 46.
Saint Lucia
- 47.
- 48.
- 49.
Seychelles
- 50.
- 51.
Chad
- 52.
Togo
- 53.
Tunisia
- 54.
- 55.
- 1.
- 2.
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
-
France : Used by 67 million people, including Guadeloupe , Martinique French Guiana and French Guiana Saint Pierre and Miquelon
-
Belgium : Five million users, Wallonian It's a dialect of the Langue d'Oil language, and Belgian French There are significant differences
French is also the main second language in the following countries:
French is the official language and the only language used in schools in the following countries:
[4]
French is an official language in the following countries, but is not as common as local languages:
In addition, in Egypt, India
Pondicherry
(Pondicherry), Italy (Vallee d'Aoste), Laos, Mauritania, United Kingdom (Bay Island,
Channel Islands
There are also some French speakers in the United States (Acadia, Cajun) and Vietnam.
La Francophonie is an international organisation of French-speaking and non-French-speaking countries and governments. The French have always been very proud of their language. During the colonial period, the British Empire brought English to the vast colonies; After World War II, the powerful United States continued to spread English around the world, making the status of French continued to decline. The French were very angry about this, and fought against the forces of English culture wherever they could. However, the French language has also been affected by English in various ways.
There are many different dialects spoken in French territory, but Ile-de-France, the dialect of the area around Paris, replaced the others and became the basis of the official language of modern French. However, due to the relatively backward development of the southern economy and the historical separation, there are still many dialects, such as Marche dialect, upper
Languedoc
Dialects, Lower Languedoc dialect, Limousin dialect, Upper Orverney dialect, Lower Orverney dialect, Gascony dialect, and
Provence
Dialects, etc.
In addition to the several dialects listed above, the other major dialects of French include
Wallonia
Dialects (Walloon, mainly in Belgium), Piquet, Normandy, Lorraine, Champagne,
Anjou
Dialect (Angerin),
Burgundy
Dialect (Burgundy)
-
The Provencal dialect : It's in Provencal is Occitan A dialect of Occitan language. while It's in Provencal It can be subdivided into: Franco-Provencal language and Langues d 'Oil .
-
Franco-Provencal language Yes: Indo-European - Italian group (Italic) - Romance family (Romance) - Italo-Western
-
Southeastern: Franco-Provencal; Arpitan
Number of users: 113,400
Countries where this language is spoken: Italy, France, Switzerland
Where this language is spoken: Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Foggia, Franche-Comte, Savoie, Bresse, Bugey, Dombes, Beaujolais, Dauphine, Lyonnais, Forez, Suisse-Romande
Official status: The language is protected in Italy and the Aosta Valley Autonomous Region.
Because of its strict usage, important documents such as legal articles are written in French at the international level, and the United Nations has designated English as the first language of speech and French as the first language of writing.
French as six
United Nations working languages
It is widely used in international social and diplomatic activities, second only to
English
. It is not only the official language of France, but also the official or lingua franca of more than 40 countries and territories spread across five continents, and the number of French speakers is estimated at around 120 million people. Although the number of French speakers in the world is not large, but the French-speaking countries are very widely distributed, if according to the global distribution of languages, English is the first language, then French is well deserved to be the second largest language.
French language is used by the United Nations (UN) and its international organizations,
European Union
(EU) and its subsidiaries,
International Olympic Committee
(IOC),
International Organization of La Francophonie
(FIO),
World Trade Organization
(WTO),
International Red Cross
(IRC), NATO (NATO),
FIFA (International Football Association)
The official language of international organizations such as FIFA.
International Olympic Committee
International Olympic Committee
French: Federation internationale de football association, abbreviated as FIFA, Chinese abbreviated as "FIFA". FIFA's original headquarters were in Paris, France, and the French language was normal. The official language of FIFA and the International Olympic Committee is also French. In its early days, FIFA was based at 229 Rue Saint-Honore in Paris, before moving to Switzerland from 1932 to 1954
Zurich
Railway Station Strasse, 1954-1977 on the "Schiezschi Road" in Zurich
Dewald
The Villa ", 1977-1979 in Zurich on Oros Street, entered the new FIFA Building at l1 Hitzsch on 21 May 1979.
And the official language of many international organizations is also French, because it is very strict.
International competition
By 1776 the French knight St. George prospered sword master La Bouaziri had invented it
Metal mesh mask
So that fencing has entered a new era, technical tactics have been further developed. Therefore, the competition rules and referee terminology of fencing are in French. Internationally, fencers communicate in French.
Fencing terminology
|
1.Attention s 'il vous plait. 1.Attention s 'il vous plait
2. Warm up Echauffez-vous
3.Rassemblez en avant concentrates forward
4.Rassemblez en arriere backward concentration
5.Saluez salute
6.En garde, ready and ready
7.Retour en garde After long stings return to en garde position
8. en garde en avant: A person who rears his hind legs after a long sting
9. en garde en arriere
|
10.Marchez moves forward
11.Rompez back up
12.Allongez le bras reaches out
13.Fendez-vous lunges long
14.Demi-fente half-step puncture
15.Passe-avant cross forward
16. Passe-arriere cross forward
17.Sautez en avant Jump forward
18.Sautez en arriere jumps backwards
|
19.Bond en avant jump forward
20.Bond en arriere
21.Balestra Italian leg forward jump
22. Fleche sprints, fleches
23.Pas glisse slide
24.Une fois once
25.Deux fois twice
26.Deux appels stomps his foot twice and asks for a timeout
27.Relaxez-vous Take a break and relax
|
Coach language (Technique de la main hand movements)
|
1.Engagze for sword
2.Changze d 'engagement
3. Premiere one point
4.Seconde binary
5.Tierce third
6.Quarte
7.Quinte Quintile
8.Sixte
9.Septime sevenths
10.Octave Eightbit
11.Attaque attack, attack
12.Contre attaque
13.Parade shift
14.Contre parade
15.Riposte hits back
16.Contre riposte fired back
17.Remise hits again to continue the attack
18.Simple.Simple
19.Com pose complex, compound
|
20.Coup droit straight
21. Degagez transposed, switched sides attack
22.Contre degagez reverses the side attack
23.Coupez switches over the tip of his opponent's sword
24.Battez knocks sword attack
25.Une-deux secondary inversion attack
26.Un-deux-trois translocation attack for three consecutive times
27.Feinte
Make a feint
28.Dessus-dessous act of feinting the top and then turning the bottom
29.Absence de fer, leave to hand in sword
30.Prise de fer control sword, wrapped sword
31.Liement
32.Croisez wrung his sword
33.Enveloppement attack
34.Excavation Angle attack
35.Redoublement d 'Attaque continued the attack
36.Coup d 'Arret's counterattack without touching the opponent's sword while at a standstill
37.Coup de temps
38.Attaque au fer comes into contact with an opponent's sword attack
|
39.Ecartez l 'arme breaking fencing lines
40.Combat rapproche melee combat
41.Tactique
42. Deuxieme intention to conceal an attempted attack
43.Temps time
44. Distance
45.Vitesse Speed
46.Cadence
47.Mouvement, movement
48.Coordination
49.Jeu du doigt accused the sword of law
50.Encore again
51. Tete head
52.Figure the face
53.Flanc trunk
54.Ventre abdomen
55.Manchette forearm
56.Pratique libre
|
Terminologie du jury
|
1. President de jury
2. Deputy Assesseur
3.Arbitre
4.Testez! Essayez! Test equipment
5.En garde preparation
6.Etes-vous pret? Are you ready
7.Oui is (OK)
8.Non No (not yet)
9.Allez begins
10.Halte stop
11. Regle Rules
12. Reglement Ordinance
13.Abstention
14.Non valable
15.En ligne fencing line, threatening the opponent with the tip of the sword
|
16.Droite touche was hit on the right
17.Gauche touche was hit to the left
18.Coup double Both sides were hit
19.L 'Attaque est courte is too shallow
20.Pas de touche misses, doesn't count
21.Sur la preparation
22. Poor defense by Mal pare
23.Touche passee slips
24. Touche par terre hits the ground
25.Dehors, sortie de la piste out of bounds
26.Ligne de mise en garde starting line
27. Apres halte stabbed after Shouting stop
28.Avancez d 'un metre, one metre forward
29.Reculez d 'un metre.Reculez d 'un metre
30.Actions simultanees
31.Action defensive Defensive action
|
32.Corps a corps Hit each other, touching both bodies
33.Avertissement warning
34.Carton jaune yellow card
35.Carton rouge red card
36.Carton noir black card
37. Tirage draws lots
38. Priorite a droite right of attack
39. Priorite a gauche right of first attack
40.Rendre la priorite priority conversion
41.Un à zero 1:0
42.Deux partout 2:2
43.Cinq à quatre 5:4
44.Une minute de combat
Last minute
|
Termes generaux
|
1.Escrime fencing
2.Arme weapons
3.Fleuret (fleur) Blunt sword, foil
4.Sabre, sabre, sabre
5. Epee Sharp sword, duel sword, epee
6.Lame blade
7.Masque masks
8.Plastron metallique
9.Veste Sword Suit
10.Culotte sword pants
11. Protege-poitrine breast pads
12.Gants gloves 13. Bas stockings
14.Souliers sneakers
15.Fil de corps fencing line
16.Pointe d 'arret
17.Boutons
18.Coquille Sword E
|
19. Poignee
handle
20.Pommeau sword tail lock
21.Appareil electrique
22.Enrouleur cable tray, turtle
23.Cables Connect electrical detector wires
24.Fiche male plugs
25.Fiche femelle socket
26.Piste metallique
27. Controle de l 'Arme test equipment
28.Lingne d 'Avertissement warning line
29.Ligne de mise en garde starting line
30.Centre ligne mediane Central Line
31.Limite arriere bottom line, end line
32.Tireur Male swordsman (player)
33.Tireuse Female swordsman (competitor)
34.D.T.directoire technique
35.Temps time
|
36.Individuel
37.Equipe team competition
38.Date Date
39.Heures game time
40.Pays country name, team name
41.Nom Contestant's name
42. Numero Number
43. Un tour round
44.Match a match
45.Poule round robin
46.Elimination
47.Barrage Showdown (final after a tie)
48. Victory by V. Victoire
49.D. Faite lost
50.TR=Touches recues
51.TD=Touches donnees
52.PL Ranking
|
|
France France
Monaco
Suisse, Switzerland (French, German, Italian)
Belgique (French, German, Dutch)
Luxembourg (French, German and Luxembourgish)
|
Cote d 'Ivoire
Tchad, Chad
Rwanda Rwanda
Central African Centrafrique
Togo
Gabon (French, English)
Guinee
Burkina Faso
Congo (Democratique) Congo (Democratique)
Cameroun Cameroun
Congo (Brasseville) Congo (Brasseville)
Benin
Niger
Burundi
Senegal
Djibouti
Madagascar
Madagascar
The Comores of the Comores
The Seychelles
[4]
|
Canada (Quebec) Canada (Quebec)
Haiti
|
|
Africa
|
Europe
|
other
|
|
Tunisie
Maroc, Morocco
Algerie
Mauritanie
Mauritius Maurice
|
Andorre (Catalan, French, Spanish)
|
Reunion
Martinique, Martinique
Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe
French Guiana Guyane francaise
French Polynesie francaise
Nouvelle Caledonie, New Caledonia
Wallis and Futuna Wllis-et-Futuna
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
[3]
|
Uppercase/lowercase /
Phonetic mark
A a [a] B b [be] C c [se] D d d [de] E e
H H [a ∫] I I [I] J J [ʒ I] K K/ka/epsilon L L L M M [epsilon M] N N [epsilon N]
O o [o] P p [pe] Q q [ky] R r [ε:r] S s [εs] T t [te]
U u [y] V v [ve] W w [dublve]X x [iks] Y y [igrεk] Z z [zεd]
Different letters or combinations of letters can be pronounced in French as in English
alike
In French, there are many words with the same pronunciation but different spelling and silent letters in the word, so knowing the pronunciation of a word may not be able to spell the word correctly, but French spelling rules are much stronger than English, in general, you know the pronunciation of the word when you see a word. But there are plenty of exceptions.
Letters:
The French alphabet is composed of
Latin alphabet
In some forms of French writing, capital letters are not used
Diacritical mark
.
French alphabet
A a (A a) (A a) B b C c (C c) D d E e (E e) (E e) (E e) (E e) (E e) (E e) F f G g
H h I i （Îî） （Ï ï） J j K k L l M m N n O o （Ô ô） P p Q q R r S s T t
U u (U u) (U u) (U u) (u u) V v W W w X x Y y y (y) Z z
(vowel) letters: a e i o u h y
consonant
Letters: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z
Hyphen: graph (graph il, graph f, graph b...)
French, like English, uses 26 Latin letters, which should be distinguished when learning French pronunciation
vowel
And vowels,
consonant
And consonants, too. The difference between French and English and Chinese is that French does not
diphthong
The mouth does not slide when pronouncing each vowel sound, especially pay attention to the hair
Nasalized vowel
Can't be like Chinese
A compound vowel used in a Chinese syllable
Seems to have a continuation movement. In French, a few extra notes are used together with the letter, sometimes to indicate different sounds, sometimes just to distinguish different meanings:
-
"^" Long note It is usually used in words that have omitted a letter, usually in the letter "e", when the letter must be pronounced [ε], such as etre is derived from the Latin word essere, with several letters omitted in the middle;
-
"¨" dieresis It can be combined with multiple vowel letters, indicating that the vowel letter does not form a combination of the preceding vowel letters, but is pronounced separately, similar to a diphthong;
-
"E" Closed note Only used above the letter "e", indicating that the letter is pronounced with a closed accent [e];
-
The soft note "c" is used only under the letter "c", because in French, as in English, "c" is pronounced [k] before "a, o, u" and [s] before "e, i"; and if you want it to sound [s] in "a, o", you need to add a soft note, as in francais.
French
vowel
French vowels are mostly round lips, so French people always seem to have round lips when they speak. Note that /a/ is no longer true for many French speakers
phoneme
. But whether /ʔ/ is in French
phoneme
There is also debate that it is a variation of phonemic/alpha /.
|
gingival
|
postgingival
|
palatal
|
palatine
|
||||||||||
|
m
|
n
|
ɲ
|
|||||||||||
|
p
|
b
|
t
|
d
|
k
|
ɡ
|
||||||||
|
f
|
v
|
s
|
z
|
ʃ
|
ʒ
|
ʁ
|
|||||||
|
ɥ
|
j
|
w
|
|||||||||||
|
Lateral tone
|
l
|
||||||||||||
Stopper: /p b/, /k g/, /t d/
This is one of the most difficult sounds in French for most Asians to learn. It's not clear that many Asian learners of French can still hear it decades after learning it, but the problem is that the French are particularly sensitive to it, and this distinction plays a key role in distinguishing certain words. The difficulty is to distinguish between the left and right sounds in each group
Voiceless consonant
On the right is
Voiced consonant
. The reason for this is that in some Asian languages (such as Mandarin Chinese) there is usually no distinction between clear consonants, only between aspirated and unaspirated consonants. Even if you have learned English, you may not pay attention, because English is clear
plosive
In general, it is necessary to aspirate, and the clear sound behind s is not aspirated, such as speak, star, sky, and so on.
fricative
: /s z/, /f v/, / G /
[v] Because the letters used in Chinese Pinyin are only used to spell some ethnic minority translations. Soft g sounds a bit like r in pinyin, and /z/ like the soft g for "ren" in Sichuan
Initial consonant of a Chinese syllable
There are no /v/ and /z/ in Mandarin Chinese
phoneme
"Is found only in some dialects.
Hard palate nasal: /ɲ/
Hard palatine nasal, when the tongue is pressed against the palate and the air is sent through the mouth and nose at the same time. Similar to the pronunciation of "hot" in Shanghainese, at the same time
Shaanxi dialect
"What are you doing? The last register of the sentence this phoneme is similar.
Edge tone: /l/
trill
: /r/
Modern French usually has uvula fricatives, which are pronounced in slightly different ways from place to place; It is also used in a few areas and in a few circumstances
Uvula trill
. It is also spoken in a few French-speaking regions such as Quebec in Canada, some African countries and a few regions in southern France
alveolar
. The uvula is the medical uvula, and the large tongue is the tongue.
semivowel
: /j/
The rules of French pronunciation are so simple that they usually take up a page in an ordinary French dictionary. But for learners of Chinese, it is important to know these rules:
-
end-of-word consonant It is usually silent, unless followed by a vowel or the same consonant, such as the "t" and "s" at the end of "paquet", "pas", "las". But, these consonants are in Joint recitation Or maybe in the conjunction.
-
"n" and "m" in vowel A vowel is pronounced before a letter, and when followed by certain vowel letters and not followed by a vowel or connected by an "m" or "n", it forms a nasalized vowel.
-
Also, in silent words consonant The ending French word is immediately followed by a word beginning with a vowel and is located with it Rhythm group In the same case, if the preceding word ends in a consonant, then a consonant will occur.
-
In the above text, please note the difference between consonants and vowels and consonants and vowels.
-
The consonant letter "h" is not pronounced at any time, but is divided into "time zones" as the beginning of a word. mute "And" hush ", dictionaries usually add the "*" before the hush word. The mute sound and hush sound are mainly for the pronunciation and writing changes of the words beginning with the mute sound and the same as the words beginning with the vowel sound, while the change of the words beginning with the hush sound is the same as the words beginning with the consonant sound, that is, can not be linked, can not paraphonia Let's wait.
There are six French languages
modality
: Straight (l'indicatif), imperative (l 'imperatif), conditional (le conditionnel), virtual (le subjonctif), infinitive (l'infinitif), participe.
|
l'indicatif
|
Dominant tense
|
Indicatif Present
|
|
Indicatif Passe Compose
|
||
|
Indicatif Imparfait
|
||
|
Indicatif Plus-que-parfait
|
||
|
Indicatif Passe Simple
|
||
|
Indicatif Passe Anterieur
|
||
|
Indicatif Future Simple
|
||
|
Indicatif Future Anterieur
|
||
|
Minor tense
|
Indicatif Future proche
|
|
|
Indicatif Passe recent
|
||
|
Direct past future tense (Indicatif Le futur dans le passe)
|
||
|
Imperative (l 'imperatif)
|
Imperatif Present
|
|
|
Imperatif Passe
|
||
|
le conditionnel
|
Conditionnel Present
|
|
|
Conditionnel Passe
|
||
|
Virtual formula (le subjonctif)
|
Subjonctif Present
|
|
|
Subjonctif Passe
|
||
|
Subjonctif Imparfait
|
||
|
Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait
|
||
|
le participe
|
Participe Present
|
|
|
Participe Passe
|
||
|
l'infinitif
|
The unaltered form of a verb is called an infinitive
|
|
-
le present de l 'indicatif
-
The future tense Le future de l 'indicatif
-
Recent future tense Future proche
-
The Future simple tense is future simple
-
The Future tense is Future anterieur
-
Imperfect past tense L’imparfait de l’indicatif
-
Compound past tense Le passe compose de l 'indicatif
-
Past tense Le plus-que-parfait de l’indicatif
-
Le conditionnel (present/passe)
-
Virtual Le subjonctif (present/passe /imparfait/plus-que-parfait)
-
Dynamic La forme passive
-
Passe anterieur
-
Passe simple. Passe simple
-
The Present progressif is in progress
-
Recent past tense Passé récent
Describe an action or state that occurs/express habitual action/describe the truth
Example: j 'ecris un article Aimer Finir
Il a mal al 'estomac J 'aime Je finis
Ma mere va au bureau a 7h du matin Tu aimes Tu finis. Ma mere va au bureau a 7h du matin tu aimes tu finis
L 'eau bout a 100°c Il/elle aime Il/elle finit
J’arrive tout de suit Nous aimons Nous finissons
Vous aimez Vous finissez
Ils/elles aiment Ils/elles finissent
Verb group: Group 1 (-er) Group 2 (-ir) Group 3 (-re)
Simple future conjugation
French teaching
-
Etre Avoir
-
Je serai J’aurai
-
Tu seras Tu auras
-
Il/elle sera Il/elle aura
-
Nous serons Nous aurons
-
Vous serez Vous aurez
-
Ils/elles seront Ils/elles auront
Example: Demain j 'irai au cinema.
Elle sera ici demail.
A sense of the world. If you don't know in foreign languages, North is
Beijing Foreign Studies University
If you don't know that Reflets are the teaching materials of French training centers (taxi, alter ego, vision original), you will enter the temple and burn the wrong incense. In front of the People's Congress of Beijing Foreign Studies, I spoke "Public French", but I could not tell the story of "when I was in AF" when I entered the French enterprise, and "acquaintances are good at doing things" could not be told first.
The county magistrate is better than the present
. To participate in any exam, we must first ask what the textbook is. This is a mistake. No matter how high the level, it is also a loss. For example, the TEF will repeatedly say, "We are a French proficiency test, it has nothing to do with the textbook." But if you have taken a course in AF, I believe you will have a different understanding.
A battle of genres. There have always been two schools in language teaching: communicative school and grammar school. The former emphasizes the ability of listening and speaking, which is practical; The latter emphasizes reading, exercises and grammar. Although as a teaching material, will strive to take into account both, but there will always be a tendency. Most of the textbooks in China belong to the grammar school, while most of the textbooks in foreign countries belong to the communicative school. How to choose, depends on the individual situation.
The dispute between earth and ocean. In terms of the choice of original teaching materials and domestic teaching materials, my suggestion is as follows: In the advanced level, use more domestic teaching materials, using Chinese to explain difficult points and grammar will be easier to understand; And above the advanced level, the domestic teaching materials of the crude place is everywhere, but look at the grammar, each family will speak very different.
The copyright dispute. Genuine audiovisual products and teaching materials are of course much more expensive than pirated ones, but the quality is also more guaranteed. This is like eating, the big shift on the roadside is a way to eat, in
Western restaurant
It was a different mood. In my personal opinion, learning a foreign language is only more demanding than eating. It seems unwise to learn what you can catch only for cheap.
All roads lead to Rome
. You can learn French from any textbook, and you can learn French very well. On the contrary, do not go to study, keep the best textbook is not guaranteed anything. Self-study can also produce a master. There are many people who have been eliminated by AF French training centers.
If you have time, you can read more foreign books and movies, so that learning a foreign language can become a simple and happy thing.
In addition, you should constantly practice thinking and organizing language in a foreign language, forget Chinese, thinking in a foreign language can improve your speaking speed and avoid "Chinese-style foreign languages", and do not translate and then think and understand the foreign language you hear into Chinese. Intensive long-term practice will improve your listening and speaking ability of related foreign languages within 4-6 months.
Kaza Romer, a famous Hungarian translator, speaks more than a dozen languages. Through years of exploration and study, she summarized her rich experience in learning foreign languages into ten simple and easy to understand, which has universal significance for every foreign language learner. The ten are:
- 1.
Study without interruption, even if you squeeze out 10 minutes, morning is a good time.
- 2.
Change the way or form of learning when you are tired of it.
- 3.
Don't cram without context.
- 4.
Memorize the common sentence patterns at all times.
- 5.
Try your best to "mentally translate" the things you come into contact with, such as the ads that flash by, the words you occasionally hear.
- 6.
Only what the teacher has modified is worth remembering, that is, what is sure to be correct
- 7.
- 8.
Foreign languages are like blockhouses, which must be besieged from all sides at the same time: reading foreign newspapers, listening to foreign radio broadcasts, watching foreign movies, listening to foreign lectures, reading foreign language textbooks, etc.
- 9.
Dare to speak a foreign language, don't be afraid to make mistakes, ask others to correct them, don't be embarrassed, and don't be discouraged.
- 10.
We must believe that we can achieve our goals, and believe that we have strong perseverance and the ability to learn foreign languages well.
|
Bonjour. Hello/Good morning.
Au revoir. Au revoir.
See you later.
A tout a l'heure. See you later.
Merci. Thank you.
You're welcome.
Excuse me/Pardon me.
Ca ne fait rien. It doesn't matter.
|
Words used to ask questions:
Qui? Who's that?
Quoi? What?
Pourquoi? 为什么?
Quand? 什么时候?
Ou? Where?
Comment? How's that？
C'est combien? How much is it?
|
Ask others for help:
Pardon,Monsieur. Pardon,Monsieur.
A: Madam/Madam/Madam.
Mademoiselle. Miss.
Parlez-vous anglais? Do you speak English
Oui. Yes.
No.
Je suis desole (e). I'm sorry.
Je ne parle pas francais. I don't speak French.
Je ne comprends pas. I don't understand.
|
|
zero zero
un 1
deux 2
trois 3
quatre 4
cinq 5
six 6
sept 7
huit8
neuf 9
|
dix 10
onze 11
douze 12
treize 13
quatorze 14
quinze 15
seize 16
dix-sept17
dix-huit 18
dix-neuf 19
|
vingt 20
vingt et un 21
vingt-deux 22
vingt-neuf 29
trente 30
quarante 40
cinquante50
soixante 60
soixante-dix 70
soixante et onze 71
soixante-douze 72
|
soixante-treize 73
soixante-quatorze 74
soixante-quinze 75
soixante-seize 76
soixante-dix-sept 77
soixante-dix-huit 78
soixante-dix-neuf79
quatre-vingts 80
quatre-vingt-un 81
quatre-vingt-dix 90
quatre-vingt-onze 91
|
cent 100
cent un 101
cent vingt 120
deux cents 200
neuf cents 900
mille1000
|
|
1. Hello, Bonjour
2.Bonsoir Good evening
3.Salut Hello/Goodbye (between friends)
4. -- Comment allez vous How are you?
-- Tres bien,merci! Et vous Very well, thank you! How about you?
-- Moi aussi. I'm fine, too.
5. Au revoir.
6.A bient? t! See you later!
7.A la prochaine fois! See you next time!
8.A tout a l 'heure! See you later!
9.A plus tard! See you later!
10.A demain! See you tomorrow!
11.A la semaine prochaine! See you next week!
|
12.A lundi! See you Monday!
13.Bonne annee! Happy New Year!
14.Joyeux No? l! Merry Christmas!
15.Bon anniversaire! Happy birthday!
16.Bonne fete! Happy holidays!
17.Bon week-end! Have a great weekend!
18.Bonne sante! I wish you good health!
19.Bon travail! Good luck with your work!
20.Bon appetit! Have a good appetite!
21.Bonne chance! Good luck to you!
22.Bon voyage! Bon voyage!
23.Bonne route! Have a safe trip!
24. The Felicitations! Congratulations!
|
|
1.Je m 'Appelle Helene. My name is Irena.
2.J 'ai vingt ans. I'm twenty.
3.Je suis Chinois. I am a Chinese.
4.Je suis etudiant. I am a college student.
5.J 'habite a Paris. 5.J 'habite a Paris.
6.Je viens de Shangha? I'm from Shanghai.
7.Comment tu t 'appelles What's your name?
8.Tu es Fran? ais, are you French?
9.Quel age as-tu. How old are you?
|
10.Tu viens de Paris Are you from Paris?
11.Voici Monsieur/Madame/Mademoiselle…… This is Mr/Mrs/Ms
12.C 'est Sophie. 12.C 'est Sophie.
13.Elle est professeur. She is a teacher.
14.Elle est tres jolie. 14.Elle est tres Jolie.
15.Bienvenu! You are welcome!
16. Enchante! Nice to meet you!
17. Tres heureux! Salut!
|
|
1.Tu es libre ce soir Are you free this evening?
2.Qu 'est -ce que tu fais dimanche What do you do on Sunday?
3.Voulez-vous danser avec moi Would you dance with me?
4.Je vais au cinema,tu viens avec moi I'm going to the cinema, will you come with me?
5.Je t 'invite a d? I'll buy you dinner.
6.Tu peux venir Can you come?
7. When is Quel jour?
8.Samedi apres-midi. Saturday afternoon.
9. How many kinds of A quelle heure?
10.A trois heures de l 'apres-midi. Three o 'clock in the afternoon.
11. Ou on se verra. Where shall we meet?
12. Au cafe de la Paix.
13.D’accord! Yes!
14.Volontiers. All right.
15.Avec plaisir. Very happy.
16.Oui,j 'accepte. 16.Oui,j 'accepte.
17.C 'est entendu. It's a deal.
18.C 'est une bonne idee.
|
19.C 'est chouette.
20.Je ne suis pas d 'accord. I don't agree.
21.Non,excusez-moi,je suis fatigue. 21.Non, Excusez -moi,je suis fatigue. I'm sorry, I'm tired.
22.Je suis desole. Mais je ne peux pas. 22.Je suis desole. Mais je ne peux pas. I'm sorry, I can't.
23.Je regrette,ce n’est pas possible. Unfortunately, that's not possible.
24.Ca ne va pas. No.
25.C 'est tres gentil. Mais je ne suis pas libre. That's great, but I don't have time.
26.Ca ne m 'interesse pas. I'm not interested in that.
27.Pardon,je ne peux pas. J’ai du travail. I'm sorry, I can't. I have work to do.
28. Go to the cinema at Aller au cinema
29.Aller au theatre Go to the theatre
30.Aller a l 'opera
31.Aller au musee goes to the museum
32.Aller au cafe Go to a cafe
33.Aller au restaurant
34.Aller a la discotheque
35.Aller a la piscine go swimming
36.Aller a la campagne to the country
|
|
1.Pardon,est-ce que Monsieur Martin habite ici? 1.Pardon,est-ce que Monsieur Martin habite ICI?
2.Est-ce la maison de Monsieur Martin? 2.Est-ce la Maison de Monsieur Martin?
3.Monsieur Martin est-il chez lui?
4.Est-il visible. Is he able to receive guests?
5.Pourrais-je le voir May I see him?
6.Oui,c 'est ici. Yes, here it is.
7.Oui,il est chez lui. Yes, he is at home.
8.Entrez,s’il vous pla? t. Come in, please.
9.Non,il n 'est pas chez lui. No, he's not at home.
10.Non,il n 'est pas la,il est sorti. 10.Non,il n 'est pas la,il est sorti. No, he's not home. He's out.
11.Vous tombez mal,il vient de sortir. You're bad luck. He's just gone out.
12.Dites-lui bonjour de ma part. Please give my best regards to him.
13.Puis-je laisser ce message May I leave this note?
14.Voici ma carte. Here's my card.
15.Par ici. This way, please.
16.Asseyez-vous. Please sit down.
17.Faites comme chez vous. Please make yourself at home.
18.Ne vous genez pas. Please make yourself at home.
19.Combien etes-vous dans votre famille How many people are there in your family?
20.Nous sommes cinq. Five people.
21.Il faut que je m’ en aille. I should go.
22.Ne partez pas si t? t. Please don't leave so early.
23.Attention a la marche. Watch the steps.
24.Voulez-vous du cafe Would you like some coffee?
25.Oui, merci. Ok, thank you.
26.Non, je prefere boire du the. 26.Non, Je prefere boire du the. No, I'd like some tea.
27.Une cigarette? 27.Une cigarette?
28.A votre sante! Here's to your health!
29.A notre amitie! Here's to our friendship!
30.Servez-vous! Please serve food!
|
31.Servez-vous comme chez vous! Help yourself and make yourself at home!
32.Goutez! Please taste!
33.Ca sent bon! Smells great!
34.C 'est tres bon.
35.C 'est excellent. / C 'est delicieux. It was delicious.
36.Prenez-en encore. Eat some more.
37.Je n 'en peux plus. I can't eat any more.
38.Voulez-vous encore du vin Would you like some more wine?
39.Je suis au regime. I'm on a diet.
40.J 'ai trop mange. I eat too much.
41.Je vais prendre du poids. I'm going to put on weight.
42.Quel repas! This meal is too rich.
43.Merci de votre aimable accueil. Thank you for your hospitality.
44.Il n 'y a pas de quoi. You're welcome.
45.Merci beaucoup. Thank you very much.
46.Je vous en prie.
47. I love you.
48.Je l 'aime beaucoup. I like him very much.
49.Qu’elle est jolie,cette chemise! That's a pretty shirt.
50.Que vous etes gentil! How kind of you!
51.C 'est tres joli! How beautiful!
52.Que c’est beau! How beautiful!
53.Vraiment Really?
54.Tu trouves Do you think?
55.Tu exageres un peu. 55.Tu Exageres UN peu.
56.Je vous apporte un petit cadeau. I brought you a little present.
57.C 'est pour vous. This is for you.
58.Merci,vous etes tres gentil. Thank you. That's very kind of you.
59.Vraiment il ne fallait pas. You're too kind.
|
