弗拉基米尔·弗拉基米罗维奇·普京

On October 7, 1952, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (hereinafter "Putin") was born The Soviet Union Leningrad (present-day Russia St. Petersburg ). ^[108]

In 1970, after graduating from secondary school, Putin entered Leningrad State University (now Saint Petersburg State University ) Department of Law International Law, I joined in college Communist Party of the USSR . ^[47]

In 1975, Putin graduated from Leningrad University's Faculty of Law, with economics Doctor's degree Then he joined KGB (National Security Council) And worked in Leningrad District. ^[108]

In 1976, Putin completed his KGB training, and two years later he joined the secret service in Leningrad. He worked in the department until 1983 and then in Moscow The KGB school for one year. ^[108]

From 1985 to 1990, the KGB sent Putin to German Democratic Republic Putin got a minor job in the local area, in charge of collecting Federal Republic of Germany Economic espionage. ^[47]

Putin's childhood

Young Putin

The year 1990 Reunification of Germany and Germany After that, Putin returned to Leningrad and successively served as assistant to the President of Leningrad University and adviser to the Chairman of the Leningrad City Soviet. ^[108] Advisor to the Mayor of the City of St. Petersburg, Chairman of the External Liaison Committee of the City Government and First Deputy Mayor of the City of St. Petersburg. ^[264]

In June 1991, Putin became Chairman of the International Liaison Committee of the City of Leningrad, responsible for the external economic relations of the municipality. On August 20, Putin plotted the overthrow at the KGB President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev During which he resigned his position at the intelligence agency.

In March 1994, Putin was promoted to First Deputy Mayor of St. Petersburg and chairman of the International Liaison Committee. ^[108]

In 1996, Anatoly Alexandrovich Sobchak Defeated in the St. Petersburg mayoral election, Putin did not want to stay in St. Petersburg to work through his fellow countryman, then serving Boris Yeltsin The president's chief of staff Anatoly Chubais He came to Moscow as Deputy Director of the Russian Presidential Administration. ^[108]

In March 1997, Putin became Deputy Director of the General Administration of the Russian President, responsible for legal and foreign economic relations. Three months later, he was appointed Director of the General Supervision Bureau of the Presidential Office. He was soon promoted to first deputy Director of the Presidential Administration, where he was in charge of the local economy, dealing with local leaders, and inspecting the state of foreign economic relations, especially how they used loans from the central government. ^[108] During the work, he found time to finish it St. Petersburg State Mining Institute Defense of doctoral dissertation in economics. ^[228]

On March 29, 1998, Yeltsin fired Bordyuza as secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and appointed Putin as his successor. In May, Putin became first deputy director of the presidential administration. In July, Putin was appointed by Yeltsin as chairman of the Security Council of the Russian Federation (successor to the KGB). ^[108]

Putin's personal photo album

On August 9, 1999, Yeltsin announced the dissolution of the Stepashin government less than three months after its establishment, and appointed Putin as the first deputy Prime Minister and acting prime minister of the government State Duma (The lower house of Parliament) nominated Putin as a candidate for prime minister of the government. On the same day, Yeltsin said in a televised speech that he hoped that the acting Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, would succeed him and become the new head of state in the presidential election held in June 2000. On August 16, the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) approved Putin as Prime Minister of Russia by 233 votes (84 against, 17 abstentions). ^[56]

On the evening of December 31, 1999, Yeltsin suddenly announced his resignation, and Putin became acting president according to the Russian Constitution. ^[4] As a result, the Russian presidential election, originally scheduled for June 2000, was moved forward to March 26.

Vladimir Putin inaugurated as the second President of Russia (May 7, 2000)

On March 27, 2000, the Chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia, Vishnyakov, announced that according to the preliminary results of the vote, Putin had won more than 50% of the vote and was elected as the second (third) President of the Russian Federation. ^[49] ^[98]

On March 14, 2004, Putin was re-elected president with 71% of the vote. ^[53]

In December 2007, United Russia Other parties elected the first deputy Prime Minister of Russia Medvedev Putin, a candidate for a third term as Russian president, agreed. After being anointed by Putin as his successor, Medvedev said he would nominate Putin as prime minister. ^[5]

On March 2, 2008, Putin attended Medvedev's victory rally - "Russia, Forward" concert in Moscow, and congratulated Medvedev on his election as the third president of Russia. On April 14, the ninth congress of the United Russia Party approved the proposal to recommend Putin as the leader of the party. On April 15, Putin was officially elected chairman of the United Russia Party for a four-year term. On May 7, Putin officially stepped down as president of Russia. ^[79]

Vladimir Putin at the inauguration of his successor Dmitry Medvedev (May 7, 2008)

On May 7, 2008, the new Russian President Dmitry Medvedev was sworn in to nominate Putin as Prime minister of the new government, and Putin agreed to serve as Prime minister. ^[79] On May 8th, Russian State Duma By a vote of 392 to 56, with no abstentions, Medvedev approved Putin's nomination for prime minister, and Putin officially took office. ^[80]

On September 24, 2011, Medvedev proposed at the congress of the United Russia Party that Putin should participate in the presidential election to be held in March 2012, and that Medvedev would lead the United Russia party's election list and lead the party to the new State Duma (lower house) election to be held on December 4, 2011. Putin said that if he is elected president, Medvedev will become prime minister, he is confident that Medvedev will successfully lead the work of the government. He also called on Russians to support the United Russia party led by Dmitry Medvedev in the State Duma elections. On November 27, the United Russia Party held a congress, and Putin's nomination as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election of the Russian Federation was unanimously approved. Mr Putin welcomed the nomination and gave a speech explaining his thinking. ^[94]

On March 4, 2012, Putin addressed his supporters outside the Kremlin, thanking them for their support and declaring victory in the election. ^[99] On March 5, according to the statistics of 99.3% of the votes cast by the Central Election Committee of Russia, Putin received 63.75% of the vote and was elected the fourth president of Russia. On May 7, Putin's presidential inauguration ceremony was held in the Grand Kremlin, Putin inspected the presidential guard in the church square, marking the beginning of his third term as president. ^[6] On the same day, Putin nominated outgoing President Dmitry Medvedev to the State Duma (lower house) as the new prime minister of the government. ^[97]

Vladimir Putin inaugurated as the 4th President of Russia (May 7, 2012)

On December 27, 2017, Putin officially registered with the Russian Central Election Commission as an independent candidate for the March 2018 presidential election. ^[96]

At 8 p.m. on March 18, 2018, the Russian presidential election came to an end. With 80 percent of the votes counted, Putin won 76.1 percent, more than half of the votes, and was re-elected to a fourth term as president of Russia. ^[7] On May 7, Putin was sworn in for a fourth term in the Kremlin's Andreyev Hall. ^[107] On the same day, Putin nominated Medvedev to the State Duma (lower house) as the new Russian Prime minister. ^[106]

On December 8, 2023, local time, Putin announced that he would run for president in the 2024 election. ^[238] On December 18, local time, Putin submitted the necessary materials to the Central Election Commission as a self-nominated candidate for the presidential election. Officially registered as a candidate for president. ^[240-241]

On January 29, 2024, RIA Novosti and other Russian media reported that according to the relevant decision of the meeting of the Central Election Commission of Russia, the committee has registered the current President Vladimir Putin as a candidate for the next Russian presidential election ^[247] .

On March 17, 2024, according to the data released by the Russian Central Election Commission, in the 35.01% of the Russian presidential election votes counted, the current president Vladimir Putin led with 87.49% of the votes. ^[254]

In the early morning of March 18, 2024 local time, according to the data released by the Russian Central Election Commission, in the Russian presidential election statistics completed 85% of the vote, the current president Vladimir Putin with 87.19% of the vote significantly ahead of other candidates, has actually won the presidential election. ^[255] 同日，习近平致电祝贺普京当选连任俄罗斯总统。 ^[256]

Photo taken on March 21, 2024 shows the presidential election result data on the conference screen^[269]

On March 21, 2024, Chairwoman of the Central Election Commission of Russia Pamfilova officially announced the results of the Russian presidential election, which was won by the current president Vladimir Putin. ^[259]

The Central Election Commission of Russia officially announced on March 21, 2024 that the inauguration ceremony of Vladimir Putin as president will be held on May 7, 2024. ^[261] On April 16, 2024 local time, the chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia presented the presidential certificate to Vladimir Putin. ^[271]

In terms of political ideology, Putin published an article "Russia at the turn of the Millennium" at the turn of the century, emphasizing that Russia should take the road of enriching the people and strengthening the country, pointing out the importance of "Russian thought" and advocating strengthening the role of the state. Putin believes that the elements of the "Russian idea" are patriotism , Great power consciousness , nationalism And social solidarity. Putin believes that true democracy should take into account the interests of all groups in society, and should not be turned into an entertainment show. In the new" Information age "And people will pass Internet Get more opportunities to participate in politics. ^[95] In addition, United Russia has repeatedly expressed its identification with Putin and his ideas. In December 2006, the seventh Congress of the United Russia Party adopted the program "Russia We Choose", which summarized and declared Putin's thought as the guiding ideology of the party.

2008 press conference

In terms of presidential term, Putin could not run in the 2008 presidential election due to the term limit of the Russian Constitution. In 2007, Putin said in an interview that "a presidential term of five to seven years is perfectly acceptable," suggesting that he might extend his presidential term by amending the constitution. Former President Boris Yeltsin has long opposed Putin's constitutional changes, and the chairman of the United Russia party, which won a landslide victory in the 2007 State Duma elections, has said that Putin will not change the constitution. ^[63] In November 2014, Putin said in an interview that he would not become president for life and would step down no later than 2024, in accordance with the constitution. Putin also said that staying in office beyond the constitutional period could harm the country and that he would not do that. ^[62] In July 2020, the amendment to the Russian Constitution was passed by a referendum, which includes the provision of "zero presidential term", so that the incumbent president can participate in the presidential election again after the end of the term, which means that Putin can strive for two more terms and stay in power until 2036. ^[64] On April 5, 2021, Putin signed the bill on the presidential term. According to the bill, President Vladimir Putin can run for two more terms after his current term ends. ^[32]

In terms of the construction of the public service team, since 2010, all public officials and their family members have to declare the previous year's income, real estate and bank deposits every year, and this information needs to be published on the corresponding government department websites and publicized in the media. After Mr. Putin returned to the presidency in 2012, he gave pay raises to almost all Russian officials, except for a few top officials, including himself, the prime minister and the chairmen of both houses of parliament. On April 14, 2014, Putin signed a decree raising his and then-Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev's salaries to 1.65 times their original salaries. ^[35]

In 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree banning state agencies from using foreign software in critical information infrastructure (CII) from 2025 onwards. ^[150] On March 30, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree guaranteeing technological independence, requiring that from 31, the purchase of foreign software for important national infrastructure sectors without the permission of relevant departments in state procurement will be banned. Starting in 2025, the country's critical infrastructure sectors will be completely banned from using foreign software. ^[151] Local time On May 1, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree and two laws. Putin signed a presidential decree on additional measures to ensure information security in Russia. According to the regulations, from January 1, 2025, Russian state-owned enterprises and institutions will be prohibited from using information security equipment produced by unfriendly countries. ^[157] Putin signed a law restricting Russian credit institutions from providing information to foreign countries. The new law prohibits Russian banks and credit institutions from providing foreign authorities, including judicial authorities, with requested information about bank customers and their transactions, as well as customer representatives, beneficiaries and account and asset holders. The law also stipulates that Russian banks and credit institutions may submit relevant information to foreign institutions within the scope of international cooperation on tax information, if the account holder is subject to the jurisdiction of foreign tax laws regarding the holding of foreign accounts. ^[156] Putin signed a law abolishing a simplified visa regime for officials from the European Union and some unfriendly countries. ^[157] On October 21, local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree announcing the establishment of a government coordination committee to ensure the needs of special military operations. ^[210-211] On November 4, according to Reuters, citing RIA Novosti news agency, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law allowing the mobilization of people convicted of serious crimes. ^[213] On November 9, Putin signed a decree to protect 17 traditional values, which are aimed at safeguarding national unity, defending national sovereignty and preventing Western countries from posing a threat to traditional Russian values. ^[214]

On February 21, 2023, local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin began to address the Federal Assembly at the Moscow Warehouse Exhibition Center State of the Union address . In his speech, Putin is expected to give an assessment of special military operations, the international situation, and will focus on Russia's social and economic problems. ^[223]

Moscow, February 24, 2023 (Sputnik News Agency) - Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed an order to accept Russian citizenship of Adrian Bock, a French national who worked in Donbass and applied for asylum in Russia. ^[224]

On March 18, 2023, Vladimir Putin signed a law on the cultural heritage of the new regions of the Russian Federation, which provides for the granting of federal significance to the cultural heritage of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, Zaporod and Kherson regions. ^[226]

On May 29, 2023 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the repeal of the law. Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe "Bill. The Russian Federation Council, also known as the upper house of Parliament, approved the bill on the abolition of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) in its plenary session on the 24th. The bill will now go to Russian President Vladimir Putin for his signature. ^[230] On November 14 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed amendments to the presidential election law. The amendment prohibits the use of all frozen resources for election campaigns. ^[236] On December 16, Russian voter advocacy groups held a vote unanimously supporting Putin's nomination for the 2024 presidential election. ^[239]

In February 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal law on the confiscation of property acquired or used through the deliberate dissemination of false information about the armed forces of the Russian Federation and calls for actions against the security of Russia. According to the law, activities that undermine Russia's security, publicly insult and discredit the Russian military may lead to the confiscation of funds or property. ^[249]

On March 20, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin held a telephone conversation with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The two leaders noted the flourishing of mutually beneficial relations in the fields of trade, economy and investment, as well as energy and transport. The two sides also exchanged views on international issues, especially the situation around Ukraine. ^[258]

● Domestic

Putin

Since Putin came to power, he has carried out sweeping reforms in Russia, including reducing tax rates and increasing pensions. But Putin has yet to achieve his dream of making Russia a world power again, and his goal of raising Russia's gross domestic product to the level of Portugal's per capita has yet to be achieved. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, Russia has suffered huge economic difficulties, coupled with the plummeting international crude oil prices and fluctuations in the financial market, and the road to recovery of the Russian economy is difficult. ^[64]

In 2014, Europe and the United States imposed economic sanctions on Russia over Crimea. Since February 24, 2022, since Putin announced special military operations in Ukraine, Western countries have imposed sanctions on Russia in the fields of economy, science and technology, and culture. In addition to governments, multinational companies in various fields have also joined the ranks of sanctions against Russia. As of March 8, 2022, the large companies that have announced the suspension of their business in Russia due to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine have covered energy, aviation, technology, finance, entertainment and other fields. From 2014 to March 7, 2022, Russia has been subject to a total of 5,532 sanctions, making it the most sanctioned country in the world. ^[65]

On December 5, 2022, Russian satellite news agency reported that Putin signed the 2023 Minimum income law, which sets the minimum income in 2023 at 14,375 rubles (1,600 yuan), compared to 13,919 rubles (1,549 yuan) in 2022, an increase of 3.28%. ^[218]

● External

On March 1, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree that will take additional temporary measures to safeguard financial stability, including from March 2, the implementation of special rules for foreigners from unfriendly countries to strengthen controls. ^[45] On March 18, Putin signed a presidential decree on additional economic measures to ensure Russia's financial stability, including in the field of foreign exchange supervision. ^[146] On March 31, Putin signed a decree on the settlement of natural gas trade in rubles. He also said that if the buyers of "unfriendly countries (and regions)" do not comply with the new payment conditions, Russia will terminate the existing gas supply contracts. ^[152] On May 24, local time, Putin signed a presidential decree stipulating that the compulsory settlement rate of foreign exchange earnings from exports of enterprises will be reduced from 80% to 50%. ^[164] On June 9, Putin signed a decree abolishing the requirement that exporters be forced to settle 50 percent of their foreign exchange sales. According to the presidential decree, the proportion of foreign exchange earnings that exporters must now sell (into rubles) will be determined by a government committee. ^[169] On June 22, Putin signed a presidential decree establishing temporary procedures for the payment of government debts in foreign currencies. According to the presidential decree, the payment of the Eurobonds in roubles will be considered as fulfilling Russia's debt service obligations. The amount of roubles thus paid shall be equivalent to the value of the debt in foreign currency and shall be calculated at the exchange rate on the date of payment. ^[170] On June 28, local time, Putin signed a bill on the legalization of parallel imports of goods. The bill, proposed by the Russian government, aims to empower the government to identify goods to which exclusive rights protection provisions do not apply, and to exempt Russian companies from possible civil, administrative and criminal liability for importing goods without the permission of the rights holder. ^[176] On July 5, Putin signed a presidential decree banning Russian residents from transferring foreign exchange earnings earned by Russian companies in the form of dividends to foreign accounts. ^[179] A presidential decree was signed on August 8, giving Russian financial institutions the right to stop conducting foreign exchange business with legal persons and individual merchants if they are unable to do so due to sanctions. ^[186] On November 21 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree stipulating that from July 1, 2023, the Russian government will impose a consumption tax of 7 rubles per liter on sugary drinks. ^[216]

On August 8, 2023 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree stipulating special procedures for the settlement of foreign trade contracts for the supply of Russian agricultural products, establishing a mechanism for the settlement of foreign trade of Russian agricultural products in rubles through a special account. ^[231]

On September 1, 2004, Chechen terrorists attacked the Beslan No. 1 School in the Russian Republic of North Ossetia, taking 1,128 people hostage. During the rescue operation, 317 hostages were killed by terrorists, 2 Beslan residents were killed by terrorists, 10 Russian forces were killed, and 31 terrorists were killed on the spot. Mr Putin has also doubled down terrorism In particular, it increased penalties for government officials for harbouring terrorists. Putin said Russia has the right to "arrest terrorists from their hideouts and destroy them, and if necessary, abroad." Beslan was a turning point in Russia's fight against terrorism. From 1995 to September 2004, there were more than 40 major terrorist activities in Russia, with houses, planes and trains being bombed and hostage-taking occurring frequently. However, the Beslan incident prompted the Russian state to strengthen its mobilization capacity, unite as one, and coordinate actions, which made a fundamental change in the anti-terrorism situation. ^[141-142]

On March 4, 2022, Putin signed amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The bill stipulates penalties for spreading false information about the behavior of Russian servicemen, discrediting the Russian armed forces and calling for anti-Russian sanctions. ^[46] Under the bill, those who spread false information could face up to 15 years in prison if it "causes serious consequences" for Russia. ^[149]

On May 28, 2022, Putin signed a decree abolishing the age limit for Russian and foreign citizens to sign their first military service contract with the Russian military. ^[167] On July 1, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree calling for the general Sakhalin 2 The operator of the project, Sakhalin Energy, was replaced by a new Russian legal person, and the assets of the project were nationalized and handed over to the new operator without compensation. ^[177]

On June 28, 2022, Putin signed a decree to hold the Year of Teachers and Mentors in Russia in 2023. ^[173] Putin also instructed the Cabinet of Ministers to set up an organizing committee within three months and ensure that plans for major events are drawn up and approved. ^[172]

On August 5, 2022, Putin signed a decree to take special measures against unfriendly acts of other countries in the financial and fuel energy sectors, prohibiting representatives of "unfriendly countries" that hold shares in strategic Russian companies from trading those shares until the end of 2022. ^[193]

On August 15, 2022, Putin signed a decree granting the title and medal of "hero mother" to women who have raised 10 or more children. According to the order, those who win the title of "hero mother" will also receive a prize of 1 million rubles (about 110,000 yuan). ^[189]

On September 5, 2022, Putin signed two orders allowing Ural Mines Metallurgical Investment Company to acquire the assets of the British company Petropavlovsk (PLC) and the company "NOVATEK Moscow Oblast" to acquire shares in Terneftegaz, a subsidiary of France's Total. ^[193]

On October 20, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the abolition of the Russian Federal Tourism Agency and the transfer of its functions to the Russian Ministry of Economic Development. The presidential decree shall enter into force on the day of its signature. ^[209] In November, Putin signed a decree celebrating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Pyotr Semenov-Tiansansky. ^[217]

On March 1, 2023, Putin signed the Law on Official Languages, regulating the use of foreign words. According to the new rules, when Russian is used as an official language, foreign words shall not be used, except for those foreign words that do not have similar common words in Russian recorded in standard dictionaries. ^[225]

On December 21, 2023, Putin briefly interrupted a meeting of the Committee for Strategic Development to find out whether the girl he drew in the "Wishing Fir-tree" event had her wish granted. ^[242]

Since Putin became president, Russia has restored the global balance of power by successfully upgrading its armed forces, including nuclear weapons, implementing a balanced defense policy, maintaining strategic deterrence, and not getting involved in a new arms race. ^[66]

● Chechnya issue

In October 1999, just two months after Yeltsin appointed him Prime Minister, Putin boldly started the second Chechen war. During his visit to the Russian Caucasus air base, Putin vowed to resolve the Chechen problem as soon as possible with senior commanders of the Russian Federation's offensive in the Mozdok military camp. From October 1999 to March 2000, Putin personally inspected Chechnya within just half a year, which included him and his wife together with the Chechen front line Russian soldiers in the war to meet the 2000 New Year's Day, but also included his March 20 personally piloted Su-27 fighter to visit Grozny, the capital of Chechnya. After the Second Chechen War, the operating space of Chechen terrorists in Transcaucasia was severely suppressed. ^[61]

● Missile defense

Putin opposes the creation of U.S. missile defenses in Europe, arguing that such a move endangers Russia's security, and has threatened to target missiles at Europe. In 2002, the United States withdrew from an anti-missile treaty with Russia and began deploying its land-based missile defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic. ^[114]

In January 2007, the United States negotiated with the Czech Republic and Poland and reached an agreement on the establishment of an anti-missile system in both countries. The Russian side has expressed strong dissatisfaction with this, and repeatedly accused the United States of endangering Russia's security. In June, Putin suggested that Russia and the United States could jointly use Canada's Bara radar station in Azerbaijan. He said that if the United States moved the missile defense system planned for the Czech Republic and Poland to Azerbaijan, Russia would not object and would not seek to target missiles at Europe. Azerbaijan's radar system, built in the former Soviet era, is one of the largest in the world, covering much of the Indian Ocean, the Middle East and North Africa, and can detect missiles from those areas. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian military maintained control of the radar system on a lease. However, the establishment of anti-missile systems in Poland and the Czech Republic is a long-term strategic idea of the United States, and the performance of Azerbaijan's radar system is not as good as the United States' own equipment, the then US President George W. Bush did not respond positively to this. ^[109-110]

In July 2009, Putin said that the United States should hold off on deploying a strategic missile defense system in Europe and that NATO would do well to adopt a new approach to expanding the organization's military alliance. If this can be achieved, it will be a major step forward in RussiAn-American relations. ^[132]

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Missile Defense Agency said that the U.S. military has begun installing the land-based Aegis missile defense system at the Rezikowo base in Poland. So far, the United States has deployed land-based anti-missile systems on its soil, in Europe (Poland and Romania) and in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the United States has sea-based anti-missile capabilities through the Aegis destroyer equipped with anti-missile interceptor missiles. Russia has expressed concern about the use of universal launchers at U.S. bases in Romania and Poland, which can fire both anti-missile and cruise missiles and can be replaced with cruise missiles at short notice. In this case, the entire European part of Russia would be a target for US cruise missiles. ^[113]

On March 10, 2022, then-Vice President of the United States Kamala Harris Said the United States had deployed Patriot missile defense systems in Poland, which borders Ukraine, saying it was ready to defend "every inch" of NATO territory. ^[112]

● Middle East

In 2003, the Bush administration bypassed the United Nations to invade Iraq on the grounds that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction. However, Putin stressed that the issue of Iraq should be dealt with in accordance with international law, and that military sanctions cannot be imposed without the consent of the Security Council, and sanctions should be lifted first, stressing that the United Nations is obligated to investigate whether Iraq has weapons of mass destruction. After the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime, the U.S. military found no evidence of Saddam Hussein's possession of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, and George W. Bush and then-Secretary of State Colin Powell were criticized at home and abroad. In 2015, Putin joked in an interview with reporters: "In 2003, Colin. Powell shook a vial of an unidentified substance, saying it was evidence of weapons of mass destruction, and that it might be laundry detergent." ^[111]

Since March 2011, Britain, France and the United States and other countries have intervened in the Libyan war to help the opposition overthrow the Gaddafi regime. Putin said that although Libya is not a democracy, it does not mean that outside powers can interfere in the internal affairs of the country, including interfering in the armed conflict and protecting a party to the conflict. Putin said UN Security Council resolution 1973 on the situation in Libya was "incomplete and flawed" and that Russia would not support it.

In March 2011, when fighting broke out between government forces and rebels in Syria, Putin and then-U.S. President Barack Obama clashed over Russia's support for the Syrian government. Obama gently criticized Russia for violating international law by supporting Syria's rulers, and said any solution to the violence in Syria must include the removal of Assad and the establishment of an inclusive government. Putin blamed U.S. involvement for the destruction of some countries' infrastructure, and warned that it would be a "major mistake" not to cooperate with Assad's government in the fight against Islamic State militants. ^[136-137]

● South Ossetia

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, South Ossetia and Abkhazia declared independence, but their status was never recognized. Until 2008, when the Georgian government attacked South Ossetia, Russia sent troops to help the two countries fight against Georgia. Since then, Russian forces have taken effective control of both, with thousands of Russian soldiers stationed in South Ossetia.

In March 2015, Putin and then-Sen South Ossetia "President" Tibirov signed a 25-year treaty, which stipulates that South Ossetia's army, intelligence agencies, law enforcement agencies, etc., will be merged with the Russian side, Russia will establish a joint defense and security zone with South Ossetia, and open border inspection stations, officially allowing Russia to provide security and defense assistance to South Ossetia, including protecting its borders. It stipulates that the local military and economy will be integrated into Russia, and that the people of South Ossetia will be granted Russian citizenship as soon as possible. Georgia's foreign ministry denounced the treaty as undermining the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity and described it as an invasion. The United States said it does not recognize the legitimacy of the treaty, saying that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are integral parts of Georgia, will continue to support Georgia's independent status and sovereignty, territorial integrity. NATO called the treaty a violation of Georgia's sovereignty and territorial integrity and a flagrant violation of international law, OSCE principles and Russia's international commitments. ^[115]

● Nuclear Issues

Regarding the Iranian nuclear issue, Putin claimed in public that he does not support Iran's nuclear program, stressed the peaceful settlement of the issue through dialogue, and expected the Six-Party talks on the Iranian nuclear issue to achieve positive results. Russia has worked closely with Iran on nuclear technology and helped build the Bushehr nuclear power plant. The United States has long accused Iran of secretly developing nuclear weapons under the guise of civilian use, but Iran has repeatedly denied that, saying its nuclear program is only aimed at generating electricity. In contrast to the United States' tough position on the Iranian nuclear issue, Putin has repeatedly opposed Western countries using too tough means to force Iran to give up its nuclear program, stressing that peaceful dialogue is the only way to solve the issue. ^[116] ^[118]

On the North Korean nuclear issue, Putin firmly opposes the global proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and advocates the return of relevant parties to the Six-Party talks to ease the complicated situation caused by the DPRK nuclear test. According to Putin, North Korea will only return to the six-party talks if its national security interests and the right to peaceful use of nuclear energy are guaranteed, which requires the joint efforts of all parties concerned, especially the need for certain participants to refrain from taking actions that may complicate the situation. Putin also said that the DPRK's nuclear test has caused damage to the relations between Russia and the DPRK and has adversely affected the ecological environment of relevant regions in Russia. ^[14] Putin also believes that the solution to the North Korean nuclear issue should not be based on sanctions and strangulation, but should be based on creating conditions to ensure the security of the DPRK. ^[117]

● Army building

On August 15, 2022, Putin attended the opening ceremony of the "Army-2022" International military-Technical Forum and the "International Army Games 2022". ^[188] On August 25, 2022, Putin signed a decree increasing the number of personnel in the Russian armed forces by 137,000 to 1.15 million. ^[192] On November 4, Putin signed a law giving the president the right to decide whether the Russian armed forces will participate in exercises or military parades with the armies of other countries. ^[212] On November 14, Putin signed a decree regulating a number of issues related to foreigners serving in the Russian armed forces. The decree allows citizens of other countries to serve in the Russian military on the basis of contracts signed. In addition, the decree allows the conscription of Russian citizens who also hold citizenship in other countries. ^[215]

On January 4, 2024, Russian news agency Sputnik reported that Putin signed a decree allowing foreigners who sign military service contracts to serve in the Russian armed forces and their families to obtain Russian citizenship. ^[244]

On February 26, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree establishing the Leningrad Military District and the Moscow Military District. ^[252]

● Marine safety

On July 31, 2022, Putin signed a decree approving the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on Russian Naval Vessels. ^[185] This is another comprehensive assessment of Russia's national Marine security environment after 2001 and 2015, and will become an important guide to guide Russia's national Marine activities and related construction in the future period. For the coverage of Russia's national maritime interests, the new maritime doctrine defines the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, Caspian Sea, Indian Ocean and Antarctic. This is the first time the Arctic has topped the list. In the direction of the Atlantic Ocean, Russia believes that the maritime activities of Western countries in the Baltic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea "seriously affect Russia's maritime security and national interests", and Russia will "protect the maritime rights and interests in this direction" through rights protection actions and military construction. In the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Russia advocates cooperation as the main theme and carries out multi-dimensional economic, military, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges with relevant countries. In addition, the Caspian Sea is defined as "internal waters of the economic circle," with emphasis on the systematic exploitation of oil, gas and Marine resources. Russia will also continue to enhance its influence in the region on the basis of regular scientific research in Antarctica and "resolutely prevent the militarization of Antarctica." In addition, in the new maritime doctrine, Russia for the first time listed the United States and its Allies as major maritime threats. ^[190]

● Review

On the diplomatic front, Putin has tried, with some success, to restore Russia's Soviet-era superpower status. At the 2007 Munich conference, Putin accused the United States of being "arbitrary" in international affairs, claiming that the United States "unabashedly uses power" in international affairs. Putin added: "No one will feel safe. No one thinks that international law is a wall that can protect them. American policy is inspiring worldwide Arms race " The ideal world order, Putin said, would be "a just and democratic world order that guarantees security and wealth for all, not just a few." ^[81-82] He played an important role in the development of uranium to control and prevent armaments in space. In January 2007, Putin said in an interview that Russia stands for a democratic multipolar world order and supports the consolidation of the international law system. On June 30, 2016, Putin stated that Russia stands for the establishment of a unified and indivisible world security system, that the international community must work to establish a more just order, and that only through dialogue and cooperation can dangers be avoided. Putin criticized NATO for promoting anti-Russian policies and taking confrontational measures against Russia. ^[83] Putin also asked Russian diplomats to fight the information monopoly of Western media and fully support the work of Russian media abroad.

Putin's speech at the UN General Assembly (28 September 2015)

At the same time, Putin's Russia is also at peace European Union The United States and other Western countries concluded strategic relations. So Russia has become Group of eight In 2006, the presidency was held (in 2007, it was held by Germany). Putin is also concerned about Asian affairs, especially China and India. ^[8]

Russia has strained relations with most of its neighbors, and Putin's annexation of Crimea from eastern Ukraine has drawn criticism from both the United States and Europe Georgia with Moldova Has long been critical of the Russian government's support for separatists in both countries. Russia and Baltic Sea Diplomatic relations between the three countries have also been strained, Estonia Criticism of Russia has further ossified diplomatic relations between the two countries. ^[8] On April 4, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree imposing retaliatory visa measures against "unfriendly countries." According to the decree, Russia has suspended several provisions of the visa facilitation agreement with the EU, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. ^[153]

Regarding the UN mechanism, Putin said that as a founding member and permanent member of the UN, Russia has always supported it The United Nations It is also doing all it can to support the principles on which the United Nations is based and intends to continue to do so. ^[181] On April 26, 2022, Putin met with visiting UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in Moscow, saying that the UN documents are the main norms in international affairs, and the main norms in international affairs are not formulated by some countries themselves, and Russia is surprised that some countries claim some exclusive rights in the world. ^[154]

● Russia-US relations

During his first term as president, Putin continued Yeltsin's pro-American line and gave full support to the United States during the September 11 attacks. However, the relationship between the two countries has been strained by the anti-missile issue, the Yukos case, the Iraq war, the Georgia crisis, and the Ukraine crisis. After Russia announced "military operations" in eastern Ukraine, the US President Biden Says relations between the United States and Russia have completely broken down. ^[76]

Putin and Obama's 'death stare'

The first U.S.-Russia summit after Putin came to power was held in Slovenia in June 2001. At the summit, Putin and then-US President George W. Bush The two were friendly to each other. On September 11, after the terrorist attacks on the United States, Putin was the first foreign leader to call George W. Bush. On the same day, Putin delivered a televised address, saying sincerely, American people, we are with you. On September 24, Putin announced that Russia was ready to provide the United States with information on terrorists and would allow planes carrying supplies to anti-terrorist areas to fly over Russian airspace. In addition, Russia is also in consultation with Central Asian countries to consider providing military airfields to the United States Afghanistan Legitimate government, providing assistance including weapons and military technology. The United States was greatly moved by a series of statements from Russia. ^[75] In November, Putin visited the United States, where the leaders of Russia and the United States agreed to cut their respective nuclear warheads by two-thirds. ^[75]

In the spring of 2002, George W. Bush visited Russia as the United States was gearing up for war in Iraq. Mr. Putin said Russia is not anti-American, but opposed the military operation that toppled Saddam Hussein. Because Russia has a lot of cooperation with Iraq, and because it is in the Middle East, Russia does not want the war to affect the world energy market. ^[75]

Putin (left) and Trump (right) (November 2017)

On March 20, 2003, the United States and Britain launched the Iraq War. Improved relations between the United States and Russia then took a nosedive. ^[75] In May 2012, Putin once again served as the president of Russia, at a time when RussiAn-American relations around the anti-missile system, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan and other issues of sharp contradictions in the complex background, Putin canceled the G8 summit held in the United States, is for his return to the Kremlin after the first "lesson" to the United States. ^[206]

Since the 2014 Ukraine crisis, Russia has faced diplomatic repression and economic sanctions from the United States and its Allies. In addition, Putin and then-US President Obama There are "fundamental differences" over the political future of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. ^[205] Once favored by the Russians Trump Since his inauguration as President of the United States, Russia-US relations have not improved, but have deteriorated due to the "Russian collusion", the expulsion of diplomats from each other and the introduction of new sanctions by the United States. ^[74]

In a meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden on December 14, 2021, Putin reiterated that Russia needs to immediately start negotiations with the United States and NATO to develop international legal provisions to avoid NATO's eastward expansion and the deployment of weapons that pose a threat to Russia in neighboring countries, especially Ukraine.

Putin (right) and Biden (left) (June 16, 2021)

On February 24, 2022, Putin announced the launch of "military operations" in eastern Ukraine, and Biden gave a speech on the situation in Russia that afternoon, saying that "the relationship between the United States and Russia is now completely broken." ^[76] On February 26, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Canada issued a joint statement banning Russia from using the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) international settlement system. ^[77] On March 8, the United States announced a ban on the import of Russian oil, liquefied natural gas and coal, announcing that Western countries have once again escalated sanctions against Russia. ^[65]

● Russia-Ukraine relations

Before the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, Putin visited Ukraine twice to show his support for then-Ukrainian Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych. Before the election results were announced, Putin sent a congratulatory letter to Yanukovych for his "almost certain victory." Putin's support for the Pro-Russian Yanukovych has been widely criticized as interference in Ukraine's internal affairs. ^[8]

On February 12, 2008, Putin met with then-Ukrainian President Vladimir Putin Yushchenko At a joint press conference after the talks, Russia warned that if Ukraine joined NATO, Russia could target strategic nuclear missiles at Ukraine, which was Putin's strongest warning yet on Ukraine's bid to join NATO. Mr. Yushchenko responded that Ukraine has the right to independently set its own foreign and defense policies, that NATO membership must not be seen as a threat to Russia, and that Ukraine's constitution does not allow foreign military bases on Ukrainian soil. ^[59]

On March 16, 2014, a referendum was held in Crimea, Ukraine. According to the results of 100% votes, 96.77% of the voters who participated in the referendum were in favor of Crimea joining the Russian Federation, and the turnout rate was 83.1%. The Ukrainian government refused to recognize the result of the referendum. On 17 March, the Crimean Parliament passed a resolution declaring Crimea independent and applying to join the Russian Federation. On the same day, Putin signed a presidential decree recognizing the Republic of Crimea as an independent sovereign state. On March 20, Putin ratified Crimea's accession to the Russian Federation, the first major territorial change since the Cold War without the nod of the United States. ^[93] On October 24, Putin admitted for the first time that Russia had helped Ukraine's ousted president in February 2014 Yanukovych Run away. ^[101]

On December 9, 2019, Putin attended a meeting in Paris, France Normandy Model Four countries (Russia, Ukraine, France, Germany) summit. After the talks, the four countries issued a joint communique, which said that Russia and Ukraine committed to fully implement the ceasefire and will implement all necessary ceasefire support measures by the end of 2019 to consolidate the ceasefire. In addition, Putin and then Ukrainian President Zelensky achieved the first face-to-face bilateral meeting during the summit, which was the first meeting between Ukrainian and Russian leaders after Zelensky became the president of Ukraine. ^[92] On December 31, Putin and Zelensky spoke by phone and congratulated each other on a happy New Year. The two leaders welcomed the December 29 exchange of detainees between the parties to the conflict in eastern Ukraine and the signing of a contract for the supply of natural gas through Ukraine to the EU. During the talks, the two sides also expressed their hope for a complete ceasefire in eastern Ukraine and stressed that both sides would work to confirm the list of people to be released next, including Crimeans detained in Russia and Crimea, as well as Russians detained in Ukraine. ^[90-91]

Putin (right) and Zelensky (left) (9 December 2019)

On February 21, 2022, Putin signed a decree recognizing the "Donetsk People's Republic" and "Luhansk People's Republic" in eastern Ukraine. ^[54] On February 24, Putin announced a military operation in the Donbass region of Ukraine, saying that Russia will not allow Ukraine to possess nuclear weapons, and that the special action plan does not include the occupation of Ukrainian territory, but the situation requires Russia to take decisive action . ^[40] On May 1, Putin signed a presidential decree, if the death of the mission to Donetsk, Luhansk, or return to Russia within one year due to injury or illness during the business trip, the family can get a one-time pension of 5 million rubles. A pension of 3 million rubles is granted in case of injury during the course of duty. Putin also signed a presidential decree granting 10,000 rubles to disabled people and veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the Donbass region and the "liberated areas" of Ukraine. ^[155] On May 25, Putin signed a decree on simplifying the procedure for residents of Ukraine's Zaporozhy and Kherson regions to obtain Russian citizenship. ^[165] On September 30, Putin signed the recognition of Kherson and Zaporozha Oblasts as "independent territories. "Of the decree. ^[199] On October 5, Putin signed a presidential decree stipulating that the Zaporizhi nuclear Power plant should be included in the assets of the Russian Federation. ^[200] On October 8, a massive explosion occurred on the Kerch Strait bridge connecting Russia and Crimea. ^[203] Ukraine's Defense Ministry confirmed on social media that there had been an explosion on the Crimean bridge, but gave no further comment, and Ukraine's security service could not be reached for comment. ^[204] On the same day, Putin signed a presidential decree "on strengthening the transport corridor of the Kerch Strait, the power grid bridge between the Russian Federation and the Crimean Peninsula, and protection measures during the operation of the main gas pipeline from Krasnoddarsk Krai to Crimea." ^[201] On October 9, Putin said after listening to the investigation of the explosion of the Crimean Bridge by the chairman of the Russian Investigative Committee Bastrykin that the explosion of the Crimean Bridge on the 8th was planned and carried out by the Ukrainian secret service, which was a "terrorist attack against critical civilian infrastructure." ^[204]

● Russia-EU relations

In the European direction, Putin has been seeking close cooperation with some European countries, including Germany, calling for the unity of Russian and European civilization should not be forgotten, and he believes that Russia is a part of Europe in both a geographical and most important cultural sense. Unity is all the more important in the face of new common threats. However, the relationship between Russia and Europe has been deteriorating due to the eastward expansion of NATO, the Ukraine issue and other factors, and has fallen into a rock bottom after the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. ^[89]

Vladimir Putin (first from right) and Herman Van Rompuy (second from left) (15 November 2014)

The poisoning death of Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian agent who had fled to Britain in late 2006, greatly soured relations between Russia and Britain.

In July 2014, the European Union imposed economic sanctions on Russia for "destabilizing eastern Ukraine." Since 2015, the EU has said that the duration of sanctions against Russia should be linked to the implementation of the Minsk agreement. The EU believes that the Minsk agreement has not been fully implemented and has extended sanctions against Russia several times. Russia has repeatedly stated that it is willing to restore and further develop relations with the EU, but the EU must first change its position on Russia. Russia believes that the policy of sanctions against Russia will bring serious losses to the EU itself, including billions of dollars in lost revenue and tens of thousands of lost jobs. ^[84]

On February 22, 2021, the Council of Foreign Ministers of the European Union decided to impose sanctions on Russian personnel related to the incident of Russian opposition figure Navalny. At the meeting on the same day, the 27 foreign ministers of the EU member states agreed that the relationship between Russia and the EU is gradually estranged, and Russia does not want to cooperate with the EU, on the contrary, Russia chooses confrontation. The foreign ministers reached a "political consensus" on imposing sanctions on relevant Russian personnel. ^[85]

On February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a special military operation in the Donbass region of eastern Ukraine. Later, the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, said on social media that she strongly condemned Russia's "unjustified attack" on Ukraine and that the EU would hold Russia accountable. On the same day, a series of EU sanctions against Russia were officially published in the official Gazette of the EU, meaning that the sanctions took effect. A total of 23 Russian individuals have been added to the EU sanctions list, including Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Russian presidential chief of staff Vaino, including asset freezes and travel bans. In addition, the sanctions list also includes four Russian entities, including the Russian Internet Research Agency. ^[87] On February 26, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Canada issued a joint statement banning Russia from using the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) international settlement system. ^[86] On February 27, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen issued a statement saying that the EU decided to close its airspace to Russia as a whole, and banned Russian state media Russia Today and Sputnik news products from landing and spreading in the EU. In addition, the EU also decided to provide Ukraine with 450 million euros for the purchase of lethal weapons and 50 million euros for the purchase of non-lethal supplies such as fuel and defensive equipment, which is the first time in the history of the EU to provide arms assistance to a country under external attack. ^[88] On May 3, Putin held a two-hour phone call with French President Emmanuel Macron. ^[158] On May 14, Putin held a telephone conversation with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto, during which they exchanged views on Finland's intention to apply for NATO membership . Putin stressed that abandoning the traditional policy of military neutrality was a mistake and that Finland's security was not threatened. ^[162] On September 9, Russian presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov said that Putin will not attend the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II. ^[194]

● Russia-Japan relations

Russia and Japan are locked in a territorial standoff and have failed to sign a formal peace treaty since the end of World War II. On the question of the Northern Territories, Japan's policy is to conclude a peace treaty on the basis of resolving the ownership of the four Northern Islands. Russia claims sovereignty over the northern territories "as a result of World War II." ^[120]

Putin (right) and Abe (left) (January 22, 2019)

In January 2000, just after taking office as president of Russia, Putin called the then prime minister of Japan Yoshiro Mori I hope the two sides will hold talks. Caught in a political crisis, Mori agreed on the spot that he hoped to rely on talks to resolve the territorial issue between the two countries and gain political capital. Putin, however, stood firm, rebuffing Mori during a visit to Japan in September of the same year Kawana proposal The requirements of. Putin proposed to conclude an intermediate treaty first, which was also rejected by Mori. After negotiations, the two sides jointly announced the adoption of the 1956 Japan-Soviet Joint Statement in March 2001. However, support for Mori's cabinet had fallen to 9% and there were calls for him to step down.

In April 2001, with hopes of a Russian counterattack fading, Mori stepped down, Junichiro Koizumi Take over as Prime Minister. In 2003, the Japanese prime minister visited the shrine Yasukuni Jinjia with China North Korea, Korea Diplomacy is not going well, Junichiro Koizumi decided to visit Russia to seek support. During this visit, Putin endorsed Japan's bid to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, but the two countries have yet to agree on territorial issues. In 2004, in Japanese Liberal Democratic Party Against this background, Koizumi decided to raise the territorial issue again as the main issue for discussion. On September 2 of the same year, Koizumi visited the southern Kuril Islands, which was strongly protested by Russia, and the diplomacy between the two countries was deadlocked. In November, in an effort to break the diplomatic deadlock, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said he was willing to abide by the joint statement of Japan and the Soviet Union and return the four islands Habomai Islands and Shikdando . Putin praised the visit to Japan to create publicity. However, the Russian right is opposed. Sakhalin Island The people even organized militias to prevent Japan from getting the islands. Extremists say they will rally to demand Putin's resignation if Russia returns the territory. Japan is also extremely unhappy with Russia's return of only two islands, calling Putin's words "Soviet platitudes." Putin responded that there was only a provision in the Japan-Soviet joint statement for the return of the two islands.

In December 2012, Abe became the Prime Minister of Japan again and actively sought to improve Japan-Russia relations. He met with Putin many times and sought to establish a good personal relationship with Putin, with a view to resolving the disputed territorial issues between the two countries and then concluding a peace treaty. On February 7, 2014, Abe went to Russia to attend the opening ceremony of the Sochi Winter Olympic Games, despite the fact that the heads of major European and American countries would not attend. Abe expressed the hope that through frequent dialogue in the field of economic cooperation to deepen mutual trust, to promote the northern territories (Russia called the South Kuril Islands) to lay the groundwork for the settlement of the issue. However, after the outbreak of the crisis in eastern Ukraine, Japan repeatedly followed the United States in adopting sanctions against Russia, and the relationship between Japan and Russia fell into an awkward situation. ^[120-121]

On June 30, 2022, Putin signed a decree that in the face of Western sanctions against Russia, Russia will set up a new company to take over the energy cooperation development project "Sakhalin 2" with Japan. On July 3, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said that "we will establish a mechanism to set the upper limit at about half of the current price, and if the price is higher than that, we will not buy and will not be allowed to buy." ^[180] On July 5, Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev responded to Kishida's comments about a cap on Russian oil prices by warning that Japan will not receive oil or gas from Russia and will not participate in the "Sakhalin 2" project. ^[180]

● Russia-China relations

Putin visited China several times during his term of office and attended the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics respectively as Prime Minister and president. Putin reiterated many times that China is a very important strategic partner of Russia, because bilateral trade is growing rapidly, China is developing rapidly, and will become a good market for Russian goods and a good partner for investment in Russia. Putin also said that both sides are willing to develop good-neighborly and friendly relations.

普京（左）与胡锦涛（右）（2012年6月5日）

From July 18 to 19, 2000, Putin visited China. ^[10] In 2000, the bilateral trade volume between China and Russia was only 8 billion US dollars, and in 2014 it reached 95.3 billion US dollars, nearly 100 billion US dollars. China and Russia have set clear goals for future economic and trade cooperation, that is, bilateral trade volume will reach 100 billion U.S. dollars by 2015 and 200 billion U.S. dollars by 2020.

On August 8, 2008, Putin attended the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games. ^[60]

From October 11 to 12, 2011, Putin paid an official visit to China and held the 16th regular meeting between Chinese and Russian Prime Ministers with then Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, during which natural gas cooperation projects between the two sides in the next 30 years will be at the top of the agenda. ^[60] ^[78] On November 30, Putin said at the "Russia Calling" investment forum that Russia's relations with China are at the highest level, and Russia is not worried about China's military growth, and Russia itself is committed to expanding its military. He added that China's military growth is a natural process and that China has the right to set its own policies to ensure the security of its large population. ^[37]

From June 5 to 7, 2012, Putin paid a state visit to China and attended the summit Peking The 12th meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. This is Putin's first visit to China after taking office again as Russian president. On June 5, then President of China Hu Jintao Invite Putin Beijing Great Hall of the People Meet the press together. The two heads of state exchanged in-depth views on bilateral relations and major international and regional issues of common interest and reached important consensus. Russia is willing to strengthen military, law enforcement and security cooperation with China, promote cultural, news and tourism exchanges, and support cooperation in Russia's Far Eastern Siberia region and China's Northeast region. ^[11]

普京（左）与习近平（右）（2019年11月13日）

2018年6月，普京应中国国家主席习近平邀请对中国进行国事访问并出席上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十八次会议。 ^[12]

China and Russia should strengthen international coordination, jointly safeguard the authority of the United Nations and the UN Security Council, uphold international law and universally recognized norms governing international relations, firmly promote a multi-polar world and democracy in international relations, and uphold multilateralism. Putin said that Russia-China comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has reached the best level in history and become a model of state-to-state relations. Russia is willing to keep close high-level exchanges with China, deepen bilateral exchanges and cooperation in various fields, and do a good job in major demonstration projects such as energy and connectivity, he said, agreeing to keep close communication and coordination in international and regional affairs and multilateral institutions. ^[71]

2022年2月4日，普京出席第24届冬季奥运会开幕式，并与习近平在北京举行会谈，双方签署《中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于新时代国际关系和全球可持续发展的联合声明》，声明集中阐述中俄在民主观、发展观、安全观、秩序观方面的共同立场。 ^[72] In the statement, Russia reaffirmed its adherence to the One-China principle, recognized Taiwan as an inalienable part of the Chinese territory, and opposed "Taiwan independence" in any form. The two sides oppose the continued expansion of NATO and call on NATO to abandon the Cold War ideology, respect other countries' sovereignty, security, interests and diversity of civilizations, history and culture, and view the peaceful development of other countries in an objective and fair manner. ^[73] China supports Russia and Ukraine in resolving the issue through negotiations. China's basic position on respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries and observing the purposes and principles of the UN Charter is consistent. China is ready to work with all parties in the international community to advocate a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law. ^[41] 9月15日下午，普京同习近平在撒马尔罕国宾馆举行双边会见，就中俄关系和共同关心的国际和地区问题 Exchange of meaning See you. ^[195-196] On October 17, Putin signed a decree declaring 2022-2023 as the Russia-China Year of sports cooperation. ^[207]

普京（右）与习近平（左）（2022年9月15日）

On October 18, 2023, Putin attended The third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ，并与习近平在北京举行会谈，就巴以局势等深入交换意见。 ^[234-235]

普京（左）与习近平（右）（2023年10月18日）

2024年2月8日下午，国家主席习近平同俄罗斯总统普京通电话 ^[248] . ^[257] . On April 25, Russian President Vladimir Putin said at an event of the Union of Russian Industrialists and Entrepreneurs that he plans to visit China in May 2024 ^[272] .

● Russia-Turkey relations

On 24 November 2015, the Turkish military claimed that a Russian Su-24 had violated the country's airspace, knocking it down near the Syrian-Turkish border, and the two pilots ejected to safety. The accident killed one pilot and left the other in the hands of Syrian rebels. ^[123] On November 28, Putin signed a presidential decree on the implementation of sanctions against Turkey, titled "Order on the implementation of special economic measures against Turkey to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation, to protect Russian citizens from crimes and other illegal acts." According to the presidential decree, tour companies are not allowed to process travel procedures to Turkey. The decree requires the government to take measures to ban charter flights between Russia and Turkey, strictly monitor the activities of Turkish transport companies on Russian territory, monitor ports, monitor transport security in the port waters of the Sea of Azov and Black Sea, including banning Turkish ships from staying and sailing in the waters of Russian seaports. As of January 1, 2016, Turkish citizens, with the exception of diplomatic personnel and family members and persons with temporary residence permits, are temporarily banned from entering Russia. ^[122] On March 17, 2022, Erdogan and Putin discussed the latest situation of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the humanitarian situation on the ground, made positive comments on the results of the recent foreign ministers' talks in Antalya, and expressed their willingness to further develop economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, including projects in the strategic energy sector. During the call, Erdogan said that if a permanent ceasefire was declared in Ukraine, it would pave the way for finding a long-term solution. Reaching a compromise on certain issues requires talks between the leaders of the two countries, and he reiterated his proposal to hold a meeting between the presidents of Russia and Ukraine in Istanbul or Ankara. ^[143-145]

Putin

On September 4, 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will meet in Sochi, Russia. ^[232]

On March 23, 2024, local time, the press Bureau of the Turkish Presidential Palace released news that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan had a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the same day. Erdogan expressed his deep condolences and condolences to Putin over the terrorist attack in Moscow, harshly condemned this heinous terrorist attack against innocent civilians, and expressed his deep condolences to the Russian people. Putin said Russia is grateful for the support of the Turkish people and informed of the ongoing process of investigation into the terrorist attack. ^[265]

● Russia-Israel relations

On May 5, 2022, Putin spoke by phone with Israeli Prime Minister Bennett, during which they discussed relations between the two countries and exchanged views on the situation in Ukraine. ^[160] On August 9, the Kremlin released news that under the Israeli initiative, Putin had a phone call with Israeli President Herzog on the same day. ^[187]

● Peripheral relationship

On May 28, 2022, Putin signed a decree ratifying the agreement on the use of simplified procedures for South Ossetian citizens to obtain Russian citizenship. ^[166]

On September 26, 2022, Putin signed a decree announcing the suspension of the agreement on the avoidance of double taxation between Russia and Latvia. ^[198]

● Alliance

On September 30, 2015, Russia began a military operation in Syria against the extremist group Islamic State. Airstrikes were carried out against extremist targets in Syria. ^[9]

Putin meets with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan

Putin is in Syria for talks with President Bashar al-Assad

On October 1, 2019, Putin attended a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission in Yerevan, capital of Armenia.

On January 7, 2020, Putin arrived in the Syrian capital Damascus for a visit and a meeting with then-President Vladimir Putin President of Syria Bashar al-Assad Hold talks. This is Putin's first visit to Damascus since the Syrian crisis erupted in 2011. Putin and Bashar held talks at a Russian military camp in Damascus, the two sides jointly heard the report of the Russian military commander in Syria, and discussed the situation in Syria and the recent situation in the region, involving the situation in Idlib and northern Syria, the fight against terrorism and the promotion of the Syrian political process. Putin and Assad sent New Year greetings to Russian troops in Syria. Assad said he and the Syrian people are grateful to the Russian troops who are fighting alongside the Syrian army. Putin, accompanied by Bashar, also visited the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus on the same day. ^[13]

On October 12, 2021, Putin met with visiting leaders at the Kremlin Prime Ministers of Armenia Nicole Pashinyan . Putin expressed his desire to "meet up" with Pashinyan on the summit of heads of state of the Commonwealth of Independent States to be held in the Belarusian capital Minsk on October 15, as well as bilateral cooperation and regional issues. ^[36]

Vladimir Putin and the President of Belarus on February 19, 2022 Lukashenko Jointly participate in military cooperation activities. ^[39] On May 23, Putin and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko began talks in Sochi, Russia. ^[163] On the morning of May 29, the President of Serbia Vucic Had a telephone conversation with Putin. Vucic said the two sides touched on a number of topics, the most important being the new three-year gas deal. ^[168] August 22, according to Russian media reports, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Uzbek President Mirziyoyev on the same day phone. The two sides mainly discussed the preparations for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit to be held in Samarkand in September, as well as related issues such as bilateral cooperation. ^[191]

On June 26, 2022, according to Kremlin officials, Putin will visit Tajikistan this week for talks with Tajik President Emomali Rakhmon. ^[171] On June 28, Putin arrived in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, by special plane to start his working visit to the country. ^[174] On the same day, Putin held talks with Tajik President Emomali Rakhmon. The two sides discussed the current situation and prospects of the Russia-Tajikistan strategic and alliance relations, focusing on cooperation in the security, military and military-technical fields. ^[175]

On the evening of July 18, 2022, Putin arrived in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Putin will hold talks with Iranian President Raisi and other senior officials and attend the Astana Process summit on Russia, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. ^[183] On the night of July 19, the Supreme Leader of Iran Khamenei Meeting with visiting Russian President Vladimir Putin in Tehran. ^[184]

On March 23, 2024, local time, Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that Putin and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko spoke on the phone and the two sides confirmed their willingness to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. ^[262]

On March 23, 2024, local time, the Russian Kremlin announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation with Uzbek President Mirziyoyev. Mirziyoyev strongly condemned the terrorist attack on the concert hall of the "city of Krokus" in Moscow Oblast, and hoped that Putin would convey his condolences to the families of the dead and hoped that the injured would recover as soon as possible. The two sides confirmed that they will continue to maintain close cooperation in the field of counter-terrorism. ^[263] On March 23, local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad on the phone. ^[266]

On March 27, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke by telephone with Mali's Interim President Alessandro Goita and Congo's President Denis Sassou-Nguesso. Putin and Goita decided to strengthen cooperation between Russia and Mali in the field of counter-terrorism. The two sides also discussed strengthening ties in a number of areas, including the implementation of joint projects in energy and agriculture. Putin and Sassou discussed the continuation of the agreements reached at the 2023 Russia-Africa Summit and confirmed that the two countries will strengthen cooperation in the political, economic and people-to-people fields. ^[268]

On the evening of April 11, 2024 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks with visiting Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko. ^[270]

● Russia-Pakistan relations

On February 9, 2022, then-Brazilian Vice President Moran confirmed that the U.S. government had pressured then-Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to cancel his visit to Russia at a time of heightened tensions in Ukraine. ^[68] On February 12, Bolsonaro insisted on starting his visit to Russia on February 15. ^[69] On the afternoon of February 15, Bolsonaro arrived in Russia, officially opening his first state visit to Russia after taking office . ^[38] On February 16, Putin met with Bolsonaro in Moscow for more than two hours. Putin said Brazil is one of Russia's main economic and trade partners in Latin America, and the two countries will continue to strengthen cooperation in various fields such as economy and trade, science and technology, humanities, education and medicine. Bolsonaro said the two countries have broad prospects for cooperation in various fields, "especially in defense, energy, and agriculture." He said the current visit to Moscow sends a positive signal to the world about the good prospects of bilateral relations. In a joint statement, the two leaders pointed out that on the basis of respect for sovereignty, international law and the common principles of the rule of law of the two countries, they will strengthen the strategic partnership, deepen political dialogue and upgrade the level of bilateral relations. The leaders of the two countries stand for upholding the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, firmly upholding the principle of multilateralism and resolving conflicts through political and diplomatic channels. The two leaders expressed their willingness to adhere to the implementation of the NPT, which is an important foundation for nuclear non-proliferation. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-ban Treaty And stresses the importance of the early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, a key element of nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear arms control. The two heads of state also expressed their support for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and called for the preservation of the Organization's authority, noting that the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an important underpinning of international security and its integrity should be safeguarded. ^[67]

Vladimir Putin (right) and Jair Bolsonaro (left) (16 February 2022)

low Russia-north Korea relations

On September 13, 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Kim Jong UN, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and Chairman of The State Council of the People's Republic of Korea, who arrived at the Dongfang launch site in the Amur region of Russia's Far East. ^[233]

On the evening of January 16, 2024 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks with visiting DPRK Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui at the Kremlin in Moscow, the Russian capital. ^[246]

● Counter-sanctions measures

On May 3, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree. According to the document, state institutions, organizations and individuals at all levels are prohibited from conducting transactions, including signing foreign trade contracts, with legal persons, individuals and enterprises of unfriendly countries and organizations sanctioned by the Russian side; It is prohibited to perform trading obligations and financial transactions on the subject of Russian sanctions; The export of Russian products and raw materials to the target of Russian sanctions is prohibited. ^[159]

On June 30, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree imposing special economic measures in the field of fuel and energy in response to unfriendly acts by certain foreign countries and international organizations. ^[178]

On July 14, 2022, Putin signed a law on regulating the activities of foreign agents. According to the law, any Russian or foreign organization or individual that carries out political activities in other ways, such as with foreign support or foreign influence, purposefully collects information about Russian military-technical activities that could harm the national security of Russia, or disseminates and distributes relevant information and materials to the public, or finances such activities, may be considered as activities of a foreign agent. This law will come into effect on December 1, 2022. On the same day, Putin also signed another law that imposes criminal responsibility on Russian citizens who call for acts that undermine Russia's security and take part in military operations against Russia. ^[182]

On September 24, 2022, Putin signed a decree giving Russian university and vocational students the right to defer enlistment. Putin also signed a series of laws related to partial mobilization, including penalties of up to 10 years in prison for voluntary surrender, desertion and non-response to conscription orders, and simplified naturalization procedures for foreigners serving in the Russian armed forces. ^[197]

On October 11, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree extending the anti-food sanctions introduced in 2014 until December 31, 2023 Day. ^[202]

On December 22, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree banning Gazprom and its subsidiaries until October 1, 2023, from doing some business with companies and individuals associated with countries that have acted inhospitable towards Russia and its citizens. On the same day, Putin said at a press conference after attending a meeting of The State Council of the Russian Federation that he will also sign a decree next week to deal with the West to set a ceiling on oil prices. ^[219]

On December 27, 2022, Putin signed a presidential decree to take special economic measures in response to the price ceiling imposed by the West on Russian oil and oil products. ^[220]

On May 10, 2023 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an order announcing that from May 15 onwards Georgia Citizens can enter and leave Russia visa-free. On the same day, Putin also signed a decree repealing Presidential Decree No. 287, signed on June 21, 2019, banning Russian airlines from carrying out flights to Georgia. ^[229]

On November 14, 2023 (Russian time), Russian President Vladimir Putin and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi spoke on the phone about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

According to the Russian presidential website, the two leaders discussed the seriously deteriorating situation in the area of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and expressed deep concern over the unprecedented increase in civilian casualties, including thousands of children and women. The two sides stressed the importance of ending the bloodshed as soon as possible, the release of detainees and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance to the civilian population in the Gaza Strip. ^[237]

On March 21, 2024 local time, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi held a telephone conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin. ^[260]

On December 27, 2023, local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with visiting Indian Foreign Minister Sushma Jaishankar in Moscow. ^[243]

On January 15, 2024 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin held a telephone conversation with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during which the two sides discussed bilateral cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, science and technology, energy, transportation and logistics. ^[245]

On February 21, 2024 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with visiting Kyrgyz President Alexander Zaparov in Kazan. ^[250]

Local time 2024 On February 21, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with visiting Kazakh President Mikhail Tokayev in Kazan. ^[251]

On March 2, 2024, local time, the Kremlin released news that Russian President Vladimir Putin and Kazakh President Mikhail Tokayev had a phone call on the same day. The two sides discussed a number of hot issues on the bilateral agenda, focusing on joint projects in the fields of economy and trade, transport, logistics and energy. ^[253]

On March 26, 2024 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin held a telephone conversation with General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam at invitation. ^[267]

In 2005, Putin became honorary President of the European Judo Federation. ^[22]

On December 19, 2007, Time magazine named Putin its "Person of the Year". ^[100]

In 2008, Putin was appointed honorary President of the International Federation of Flexo. ^[42]

In November 2011, Putin was ranked the second most powerful person in Forbes 2011.

On October 10, 2012, Putin was awarded the eighth Dan of Judo by the International Judo Federation, becoming the first Russian to do so. ^[22] ^[42]

On December 6, 2012, Putin was listed as the third most powerful person in the world by Forbes 2012. ^[15]

On October 30, 2013, Putin topped Forbes' list of the world's most powerful people.

On November 4, 2013, Putin received the first ever award from the World Assembly of the Russian People Prize for the defense of Russia's Great Power status . ^[16]

On November 13, 2013, Putin was arrested World Taekwondo Federation Awarded the 9th Dan Black Belt in Taekwondo, the highest honor in Taekwondo. ^[23]

In March 2014, Putin was nominated for the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize.

On November 5, 2014, Putin topped Forbes' power list for the second year in a row, beating then-US President Barack Obama for the second time. ^[127]

In April 2015, Putin received 6.9% of the vote, leading the United States. age Magazine's "Most Influential People" list. ^[128]

On November 4, 2015, Putin topped Forbes' list of the world's most powerful people for the third year in a row. ^[129]

On September 22, 2016, Putin was ranked 30th on Bloomberg's list of the World's 50 most influential people. ^[130]

On April 12, 2018, Putin was named the 6th most admired man in the world by YouGov, a British polling agency. ^[17]

On June 8, 2018, Putin was awarded the first Chinese "Friendship Medal". ^[3]

On April 26, 2019, Putin was awarded Tsinghua University An honorary doctorate. ^[18]

On October 31, 2019, Putin once again ranked at the top of the "Top 100 Russian Politics" published by the Russian Independent newspaper. ^[19]

On May 13, 2021, Putin was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. ^[55]

On January 8, 2023, President Milorad Dodik awarded Russian President Vladimir Putin the highest Order of honor for his "care and love" for the Serb-controlled Bosnian Republika Srpska. ^[221-222]

On February 27, 2022, the International Judo Federation (IJF) announced the suspension of Vladimir Putin from the title of honorary President. ^[42]

On February 28, 2022, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) decided to revoke Putin's ninth Dan black belt in Taekwondo. ^[44]

On 28 February 2022, the IOC announced that Putin (Gold Medal, 2001) had been revoked from the Olympic Order. ^[43]

Russia's Victory Day parade: Putin walks with a portrait of his father^[161]

Mr. Putin's father, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin, served in the Soviet Navy, ^[161] His mother, Maria Ivanovna Putina, was a factory girl. Putin's two older brothers were both born in the mid-1930s, one of whom died young, the other alive The Defense of Leningrad Zhong died of diphtheria. Mr. Putin's grandfather, Spiridon Putin, once served as a leader Lenin and Stalin Work as a personal chef.

Putin's former wife was Lyudmila He was born on January 6, 1958 Kaliningrad He graduated from Kaliningrad No. 8 Middle School. He loves drama and sports activities. After graduating from high school, Lyudmila enrolled in the Kaliningrad Institute of Technology, and dropped out after two years because she did not like engineering. In the early 1980s, she worked as a flight attendant in the Kaliningrad Air Force. He entered Leningrad State University to study languages Spain Word. He was a university teacher in Bryansk, Russia. When he was 24, he took a short vacation to Leningrad, where he met Putin at a concert. On July 28, 1983, Putin married Lyudmila in a small boat on the Neva River. ^[57] On June 6, 2013, Putin and his wife announced that they were divorcing after 30 years of marriage after attending a ballet together at the Kremlin. Lyudmila and Putin have two daughters, Maria Putinina, born in 1985, and Ekaterina Putinina, born in 1986, both of whom graduated from Moscow's Devonian University. ^[58]

Putin (left) and his ex-wife Lyudmila (right)

On September 14, 2021, the Kremlin confirmed that Putin was self-quarantined as several members of his entourage were diagnosed with COVID-19. The Kremlin said in a statement on the same day that Putin had spoken with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon on the phone to inform him that he could not attend the meeting in person due to self-isolation and would participate by video link. The Kremlin also said Mr Putin did not have the virus. ^[33-34]

Putin has had an indissoluble bond with sports since childhood, and Putin's favorite sport is judo. He began to practice judo at the age of 13 and won a judo championship in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). ^[102] In 1973, Putin went from an apprentice to a Sambo wrestling coach, and two years later became a judo coach. Among Putin's many disciples are outstanding figures, including a two-time world champion Sambo wrestler Abdurayev . In recognition of Putin's special contribution, the former Soviet Union awarded him the title of "Meritorious coach." ^[103] In addition to judo, Putin is also good at wrestling, mountain skiing and other sports. He often has "out of line" behavior, showing a strong, strong side. ^[102]

Putin's sports life

In 2006, Putin caught the world's attention by going topless while fishing. ^[102]

On November 7, 2010, Putin took a test drive at a race track in St. Petersburg Formula Renault Sochi will host an F1 race starting in 2014. Putin believes that the entry of Formula 1 into Russia will increase the interest of young Russians in motorsport. ^[27]

On 11 May 2014, the Russian Amateur Ice Hockey League Championship ended with a score of 21:4, with the Russian Amateur Ice Hockey League Stars winning. Putin opened the scoring for the Stars, scoring six goals and making five productive passes throughout the game.

On January 8, 2016, Putin visited the southern training center of the Russian Judo National team in Sochi, during which he competed with top masters such as the Judo champions of the London Olympic Games. ^[119]

Putin flies a plane to put out a fire (August 10, 2010)

In October 1999, Putin flew an Su-25 for 10 minutes. In 2000, Putin flew Su-27 fighter jets to Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, again in person. In August 2005, Putin flew and briefly flew a Tu-160 strategic bomber for five hours during a multi-project military exercise. ^[104]

On August 10, 2010, Putin piloted a B-200 fire-fighting aircraft Liang Zanzhou Participate in the fire fighting. On the same day, Putin boarded the bi-200 amphibious aircraft of the Aviation Fire Service of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations to observe and monitor the forest fires with the help of thermal imagers. ^[24] During the flight, Putin suddenly got up and left his minders, entered the cockpit and sat in the co-pilot seat. The chief of the aviation Fire Department of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations quickly explained the operation essentials to Putin. After circling for a week, the plane landed smoothly in the river and took off again after absorbing 12 tons of water in 11 seconds. A few minutes later, the plane flew over a burning spot and Mr. Putin pressed the spray button. Putin personally piloted his aircraft twice to collect water from the river and spray the burning forest at low altitude, putting out two fires. ^[25]

Putin hunts whales with crossbow

On August 25, 2010, Putin took part in a scientific expedition to the port of Olga near the Kamchatka Peninsula. in Kamchatka Peninsula With a crossbow in hand, Putin hunched over the side of the fast-moving rubber dinghy, and he accurately hit the gray whale with a specially designed dart designed to collect whale skin samples. "I hit it on the fourth attempt," Putin, wearing a black and orange waterproof suit and a casual black hat, shouted into the camera from the boat. A biologist accompanying Putin showed a sample of the whale's skin, which helped give experts an idea of where the whale came from. ^[26]

After the rubber boat landed, Putin easily jumped onto the shore and sprinted all the way to the waiting reporters, who happily answered their questions. "Overall, it was a dangerous experience," he said. But I love this kind of activity. I love nature." ^[105]

In August 1999, the terrorist acts planned by the Chechen armed rebel leader Basayev and separatists shocked the Russian government for a time. During a visit to Dagestan, Putin said: "Forgiving them is God's business, and my task is to send them to God." If you meet them on the plane, exterminate them on the plane, if you meet them in the toilet, drown them in the toilet!" ^[28] ^[273]

"He (Putin) is a successful president leading our country." ( Medvedev Review)

Vladimir Putin (left) and Dmitry Medvedev (right) (15 January 2020)

"[Putin] is a man who is not only intelligent and knowledgeable, but also very calm and well-behaved." ( Boris Yeltsin Review) ^[147]

"He brought stability to Russia, and not everyone is capable of handling the legacy he inherited from Yeltsin. I didn't think he would succeed, but he did and saved the country from danger. He began to solve some important socio-economic problems and to re-govern Russia. This opens the door to real modernization." ( Gorbachev Review) ^[148]

"I think he's a war criminal." ( Biden Review) ^[134-135]

"When it comes to leadership, Putin gets an 'A' and our [Obama] president doesn't do that well." "Putin is smart. I mean, he's got $2 worth of sanctions for a country. I'd say it's smart." ( Trump Review) ^[30] ^[70]

"Putin has one foot stuck in the Cold War era and one foot in the new era." ( Obama Review) ^[131] ^[133]

"Sometimes he's cocky, sometimes he's charming, but more often he comes off too tough." (Comments by George W. Bush) ^[125]

"A real man and a strong leader." (Commentary by Sobyanin)

"In many ways, Putin is the embodiment of the Russian national consciousness. In the last 100 years, we have never had a leader so close to the soul of Russia as Vladimir Putin." (Commentary by Crobock) ^[29]

"Putin has done an extraordinary job of leadership in bringing Russia back into the ranks of the world powers after it was in chaos." (United States" Time magazine "Review) ^[100]

Russian President Vladimir Putin is a confident and knowledgeable man. ( International Atomic Energy Agency Director GENERAL Rafael Mariano Grossi Review) ^[208]

● Putin's image

Putin's image has been turned into a popular song. In 2002, a popular song called "Marry a Man Like Putin" swept the streets of Russia ^[20] .

The old house in St Petersburg where Mr Putin lived and worked has become a tourist hotline; Putin in Germany Dresden The place where the city lived has also become a lucrative tourist destination for Germans. Putin's image has also been painted into a doll, which has become a hot souvenir in Russia; Pictures of Mr. Putin have also been turned into calendars that have become proud collectibles for officials. ^[21]

Putin connects with the people

On the one hand, the Russian authorities carefully designed and shaped the leader image of Putin, but also cleverly used the "extraordinary charm" released by Putin as a leader image to highlight the national image of Russia. Putin has presented himself as the man the people want, and the people have given him tremendous support. Russians have even transferred the cult of the "good tsar" to the "new tsar" Putin. A poll was conducted in Russia: "Who is responsible for the increase in wages?" "Who is responsible for rising prices?" Most of those surveyed believe that the good goes to Putin (the good tsar) and the bad goes to the government (the bad aristocrat). A similar example is the controversy over the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAH) in the summer of 2013, in which the angry scientists' struggle was always directed at the then education minister de Livanov, the then deputy Prime Minister O Gorgerts, and even the then Prime Minister Medvedev, and placed their hopes on Putin. ^[126]

Although Russians largely support Mr Putin, opposition is growing. Pro-american media often accuse Putin's policies of being anti-democratic, and Putin's cult of personality is widely criticized. There are also reports that Putin manipulates the media to suppress opponents, such as chess champion Garry Kasparov, who has been repeatedly arrested for protesting against the government. "In this country, there are people who beg for food from foreign embassies like running dogs, who count on the support of foreign foundations and governments, not on their own," Putin responded. ^[31]

Putin's speech on Crimea's independence and joining Russia

Putin and United Russia have long held a commanding lead over opposition parties in opinion polls and elections, but these parties have often accused him of manipulating public opinion behind the scenes.

On December 2, 2007, Russia held the fifth State Duma (lower house of parliament) election, although Putin claimed that the election was "broadly transparent and honest", but the chairman of the Russian Communist Party Zyuganov still commented on the result: "This is a shameful farce, it is not in the interests of the country and democratic institutions." "What you see today is not just a crisis of democracy. A party with no ideas, multiple candidates who did not participate in the debate and a fraud calculated 30 days ago now leaps onto the television screen in front of you." On May 27, 2008, the Communist Party of Russia filed a complaint with the Supreme Court of Russia demanding the cancellation of the results of the 5th State Duma (lower house of Parliament) election. According to the indictment, the Russian Communist Party believes that United Russia committed multiple violations during the State Duma election, including violating pre-election propaganda rules, providing voters with asymmetric information about candidates, and using administrative resources in the counting of votes. The spokesman of the Russian Communist Party said that in light of these irregularities, the Russian Communist Party has reason to demand the cancellation of the results of the current State Duma election. ^[140]

In March 2009, when Russia held its first regional elections since the economic crisis, the opposition accused Putin's United Russia party of trying to disguise the Kremlin's falling popularity as unemployment rose and companies cut wages. Senior Communist Party leader Gennady Zyuganov described the election as "dirty and unforgivable," and Liberal Democratic Party chairman Vladimir Zhirinovsky led a group of lawmakers out of the Duma in protest. ^[139]

On December 7, 2011, former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said that Russia should nullify the results of the State Duma election and hold new elections because they "do not reflect the will of the people". On December 10, tens of thousands of people held a rally in central Moscow, Russia, to protest the Russian State Duma election fraud and demand a new "honest election". The Russian Interior Ministry put the number of participants at about 25,000, while the opposition said 80,000 people showed up. ^[138]

In January 2004, he was the US Secretary of State Powell During his visit to Russia, he pointed out that Putin's suppression of opposition media and arrest of plutocrats who support opposition parties are manifestations of "democratic regression." Most senior US officials agree. As a result, although Russia-US relations are ostensibly thriving, many scholars believe that if Putin pushes them further authoritarianism Policy, RussiAn-American relations will eventually break down. Powell also brought Russia into the open: "free but unfair" parliamentary (Duma) elections expelled most pro-Western parties; Russia has gradually pushed private property out of all television stations; Russia has largely ignored international criticism of its policy in Chechnya; Russia's heavy-handed approach to pro-Western oil barons, and so on. ^[124]

43rd President of the US George Walker Bush After leaving office, in his autobiography Decision Points, Putin said in a meeting that he was full of blood, but Bush responded, "No, Vladimir, you're a cold-blooded animal." ^[125]

Putin's visit to Germany

In 2006-2007, a different kind of Russian organization launched a march led by Kasparov and Limonov. The march was hampered in several ways: in some cities, the marchers were interfered with by the police, and at least 150 people were arrested; And according to public polls, most Russians do not support the demonstrations. At the same time, not many people actually participated in the march, May 2007 Eu summit During the march, there were even more journalists than the crowd.

On April 8, 2013, Putin was visiting Germany at the time of the German chancellor Merkel Accompanied by the tour Hannover Messe . During the visit, several female activists from a Ukrainian women's rights group broke through police lines and confronted the Russian and German leaders, stripped off their shirts, went topless and shouted uncivilized slogans in English, which had been smeared on their bodies. "As for the demonstration," Mr. Putin said afterward, "I liked it. We should say thank you to the Ukrainian girls, they helped us promote this exhibition. Because, without such demonstrations, the level of attention to the exhibition would not be as high. In fact, it would be better to undress somewhere else, like the beach." Mr. Putin added, "I didn't hear what slogans they were Shouting there. Because the security personnel's approach was very decisive, several big-waisted security guards jumped on them. I felt that this was not right and that the women could be treated in a softer way. I didn't get a chance to see if their hair was dark brown or black." While Mr Putin himself was calm and dignified about a topless demonstration by Ukrainian women's rights activists at the Hannover Messe, the Kremlin has asked Germany to take disciplinary action against three demonstrators.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin

catalogue

Character experience

Early life

Enter politics

Become prime minister

First-term president

Step aside as prime minister

Reterm as president

Run for president

Administrative measures

Political aspect

Economic aspect

Social aspect

Military aspect

diplomatically

Character honor

Honor received

Revoke one's honour

Personal life

Family member

Personal health

Personal anecdote

Sports expert

Multiple piloting

Dart whaling

Surprise quote

Character evaluation

Character influence

Character dispute

Personality cult

Electoral fraud

authoritarianism

March in protest