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New Zealand ( English : New Zealand), the capital Wellington , located in Pacific Southwest, west Tasman Sea with Australia Look at each other, the whole country by South Island , North Island Two large islands and Stewart Island And some small islands nearby. Between the north and South Islands Cook Strait . Belong to Temperate maritime climate . The whole territory is mountainous, the plain is narrow, and the forest resources are rich. With a total area of 270,000 square kilometers, shoreline About 15,000 kilometers long, the country has 11 regions, 5 single districts, 67 regional administrative agencies. As of June 2023, the total population of New Zealand is 5.223 million, of which 70% are descendants of European immigrants and 17% are Maori. The official language is English, Maori . Nearly half of the population is Christian.

Since 1350, Maori Settled in New Zealand. In 1642, Dutch voyagers landed in New Zealand. From 1769 to 1777, Britain Captain Cook went to New Zealand five times. After that, the British immigrated to New Zealand in large numbers and declared occupation. On February 6, 1840, the British forced the Maori Patriarchs to sign a treaty The Treaty of Waitangi New Zealand became a British colony. It became independent in 1907 and became a British dominion, with politics, economy and diplomacy under British control. In 1947, New Zealand became a sovereign state, but remained part of The British Commonwealth Member.

New Zealand is Developed country By 2022 Gross domestic product It was US $242.7 billion, with a per capita GDP of about US $47,000. The economy is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry, and the export of agricultural and animal husbandry products accounts for about 50% of total exports. Lamb and dairy exports rank first in the world, and wool exports rank third in the world. World Bank Ranking New Zealand as one of the most business-friendly countries in the world, its economy has successfully transitioned from being predominantly agricultural to an internationally competitive industrialised market economy. ^[1-2] New Zealand is The United Nations , World Trade Organization , World Bank , The International Monetary Fund , Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development , Asia-pacific Economic Cooperation Etc. International organization And member states of regional organizations.

Chinese name: NZ ^[3]
Foreign name: New Zealand
Abbreviated form: NZ
continent: Oceania
capital: Wellington
Major city: Auckland , Christchurch , Dunedin , Hamilton , Palmerston North Etc.
National Day: February 6, 1840
National song: " God bless New Zealand "" God save the King "
Country code: NZL
Official language: English , Maori
currency: New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Time zone: UTC+12
Political system: A parliamentary constitutional monarchy
National leader: Cindy Kiro (Governor) , Christopher Lacson (Prime Minister)
Population number: 5.223 million ^[3] (June 2023)

Population density: 19.3 persons/km2 (April 2023)
Major nationality: Descendants of European immigrants, Maori, Asian, Pacific Islanders
Major religion: Protestantism , Catholicism
Land area: Approximately 270,000 km² ^[3]
Water area ratio: 1.6%
Total GDP: $242.7 billion (2022)
Per capita GDP: About $47,000 (2022)
International telephone area code: 64
International domain name abbreviation: .nz
Road access: Drive on the left
The national flower: Silver fern
National bird: kiwi
Central bank: Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Largest city: Auckland
Leading institution: University of Auckland , Auckland University of Technology , University of Otago , Massey University , Victoria University of Wellington , University of Waikato , University of Canterbury ^[12]

catalogue

▪payroll
12diplomacy
▪Foreign policy
▪Relations with China
▪Relations with Australia
▪Relations with the United States
▪Relations with Japan
▪Relations with the European Union
▪Relations with Britain
▪Relations with France
▪Relations with ASEAN countries
▪Relations with Pacific Island countries
▪Relations with South Korea and North Korea
▪Relations with Russia
▪Relations with Latin America
▪Relations with Africa
13travel
▪Main attraction
▪Cultural heritage
14Honor received

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Maori

10th century, from Cook Islands And Tahiti's Polynesia The voyager came to New Zealand in a canoe. By the 12th century, there were many settlements throughout the country. New Zealand was settled by Maori people from 1350 onwards.

1642, Dutch navigator Abel Jansson Tasman Discovered New Zealand on an ocean adventure West coast He was attacked by Maori in an attempt to land and quickly left, but he named the land Nieuw Zealand after an area in Holland where he mapped part of the west coast but did not land there.

From 1769 to 1777, the British Captain Cook went to New Zealand five times, and then the British immigrated to New Zealand in large numbers and declared occupation. Then came the seal and whale hunters, Preacher Soon after, settlements began to be built.

Captain James Cook is communicating with the Maori after landing

On February 6, 1840, the British forced the Maori Patriarchs to sign Treaty of Waitangi . In 1856, New Zealand became a self-governing British colony.

In 1840, the estimated Maori population of New Zealand was 100,000, with about 2,000 European settlers (known to the Maori as Pakeha, The white race New Zealand had no national government or national leader at the time, and Maori and white groups petitioned the British for some protection as well as law and order.

The signing of the Treaty of Waitangi

On February 6, 1840, the British forced the Maori Patriarchs to sign Treaty of Waitangi The treaty made New Zealand a self-governing colony of Britain. Considered New Zealand's founding document, the treaty gave early settlers the right to settle in New Zealand and promised the Maori people to continue to own their lands, forests and fisheries as they wished, the treaty said Maori He would make his own decisions about land and way of life, and promised to form a government in which all people would live in peace and rule of law. The treaty, which also established the rights of New Zealanders to British citizenship, remains "current" and is a controversial issue in New Zealand concerning ethnic relations. After the treaty was signed, more people began to settle here, mostly in the southern Islands, where the land was suitable for farming Otago And the West coast were also found Gold ore .

In 1854, the New Zealand Parliament was established. In 1856, New Zealand became a self-governing British colony.

In the 19th century, more people came to live in the North Island than in the south. By the 1880s, the country's population had risen to 200,000 and the construction of railways and roads began, with settlers establishing farms that had become the backbone of the New Zealand economy.

In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote, at a time when Britain was still an important part of New Zealand culture and was often referred to as "home".

In 1907, New Zealand became independent and became a self-governing territory of the United Kingdom, under the political, economic and diplomatic control of the United Kingdom. Thousands of New Zealanders represented Britain World War I By 1918, half of all combatants were killed or wounded in battle.

In 1947, New Zealand became a sovereign nation The British Commonwealth Member.

Geographical environment

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Regional location

New Zealand is located in Pacific The southwest, with a total area of about 270,000 square kilometers, consists of the South Island, the North Island and a number of small islands, the south and north islands are separated by Cook Strait. West septum Tasman Sea Just across from Australia, next door to the north New Caledonia , Tonga , Fiji . The territory is 1,600 kilometers long, 450 kilometers wide at the widest point from east to west, the coastline is 15,000 kilometers long, and the territorial sea covers an area of about 4,000 million square kilometers.

landform

New Zealand is mountainous, mountains and hills account for more than 75% of the country's area, and the plains are narrow. Mount Cook on the South Island is New Zealand's highest peak at 3,754 metres.

Topographic map of New Zealand

climate

New Zealand has a temperate maritime climate, and because it is located in the southern Hemisphere, the seasons are opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere. The average temperature is about 25℃ in summer, about 10℃ in winter, and the temperature difference throughout the year is generally not more than 15℃. The average annual rainfall in the North Island is 1000-1500 mm and in the South Island 600-1000 mm.

Natural resources

The valley in the mountains of New Zealand is full of green trees

Mineral resources

New Zealand's mineral deposits are mainly coal, gold, iron ore, natural gas, as well as silver, manganese, tungsten, phosphate, oil, but the reserves are not large. In 2016, proved oil reserves were 64.1 million barrels, natural gas reserves were 127 million cubic feet, and underground coal reserves reached 15 billion tons.

Forest resources

New Zealand is rich in forest resources, forest area of 10.1 million hectares, accounting for 38% of the country's land area, of which 8 million hectares for natural forests, 2.1 million hectares for afforestation, the main products are logs, logs, wood pulp, paper and wood boards.

Water resources

New Zealand's rivers are short and swift, and shipping is inconvenient, but it is rich in water resources. The North Island has many hot springs, and the South Island has many glaciers and lakes.

Administrative division

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Zoning details

Subdivisions of New Zealand

New Zealand has 11 regions, five unitary jurisdictions, and the Chatham Islands Territory; 67 regional administrations (including 13 town halls, 53 district Councils and the Chatham Islands Council). The 11 regions are: Northern Territory, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Coast, Canterbury, Otago Region and Southern Region. The five single jurisdictions are Auckland, Gisbern, Tasman, Nelson and Marlborough. Major cities are: Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch (Christchurch), Hamilton, Dunedin and so on.

Subdivisions of New Zealand
region	District council	Seat of parliament	The capital	island	area	CODE
1	northlands (Te Tai-tokerau, Northland)	North District Council	Whangarei	North Island	175500	NZ-NTL
2	Auckland (Takiw Ta maki-makau-rau, Auckland)	Auckland Council	Auckland	North Island	1657200	NZ-AUK
3	Waikato (Waikato)	Waikato Environment District Council	Hamilton	North Island	460100	NZ-WKO
4	Bay of Prenty (Te Moana-a-Toi, Bay of Plenty)	Bay Area Council of Prenti	Whakatani	North Island	299900	NZ-BOP
5	Gisborne (T 'ranga-nui-a-kiwa, Gisborne)	Gisborne County Council	Gisborne	North Island	48500	NZ-GIS
6	Hawke's Bay (Heretaunga, Hawke's Bay)	Hawke's Bay Area Council	Napier	North Island	164000	NZ-HKB
7	Taranaki (Taranaki)	Taranaki District Council	New Plymouth	North Island	118000	NZ-TKI
8	Manawatu - Wanganui (Manawatu-Wanganui)	Horizon District Council	Palmerston North	North Island	240300	NZ-MWT
9	Wellington (Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, Wellington)	Greater Wellington District Council	Wellington	North Island	513900	NZ-WGN
10	Tasman (Te Tai-o-Aorere, Tasman)	Tasman District Council	Richmond	South Island	51100	NZ-TAS
11	Neilson (Whakat (Nelson))	Nelson City Council	Neilson	South Island	51400	NZ-NSN
12	Marburg (te Tauihu-o-te-waka/Tauihu, Marlborough)	Marlborough District Council	Blenheim	South Island	46200	NZ-MBH
13	West coast (Te Tai-poutini, West Coast)	West Coast District Council	Greymouth	South Island	32400	NZ-WTC
14	Canterbury (Waitaha, Canterbury)	Canterbury District Council	Christchurch	South Island	612000	NZ-CAN
15	Otago (Otago, Otago)	Otago District Council	Dunedin	South Island	224200	NZ-OTA
16	South land (Murihiku, Southland)	Southern District Council	Invercargill	South Island	98300	NZ-STL
-	The Chatham Islands (Wharekauri, Chatham Islands)	Chatham Islands Council	Waitangi	Chatham	650	NZ-CIT

Major city

Views of Wellington

Wellington Is the capital of New Zealand. Located at the southern tip of the North Island, it is the southernmost capital on Earth, the second largest city in New Zealand and, along with Sydney and Melbourne, the cultural centre of Oceania. With an area of 290 square kilometers and a population of 217,000 (2021), the average temperature is about 16 ° C in summer and 8 ° C in winter. About 8.6% of them are Maori and most of the rest are descendants of British and Irish immigrants. English is the lingua franca, the Maori language is spoken by the Maori people, and the majority of the residents are Catholic and Protestant. Maritime climate, mild and humid.

Wellington City has a developed economy, with a gross regional product of 28.1 billion New Zealand dollars (2021.7-2022.6), and high value-added, high-tech services account for 56% of the city's total economic output. The main industries are financial services, information technology, film and multimedia production. The city leads the world in film production. World-renowned films such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy, King Kong and Avatar were all made in Wellington. Port Nicholson in Wellington is the second largest port in the country after Auckland, with an annual cargo handling capacity of 7 million tonnes.

Wellington is the cultural and educational center of New Zealand, the education system is complete, including primary schools, secondary schools, vocational schools, teacher colleges and universities, adult education and vocational and technical education developed. Victoria University is the oldest university in Wellington and one of New Zealand's most important research institutes. Massey University, the University of Otago and Vitoria Polytechnic all have campuses in the city. There are many cultural facilities in the city, including the National Museum of New Zealand, the National Library and the Wellington Art Gallery. ^[7]

Wellington is the transport hub between New Zealand's north and south Islands. Wellington is also one of the best deep-water ports in the world. Under the influence of the maritime climate, the weather is warm. Wellington is located on a fault zone, except for a flat area near the sea, the entire city is built around the mountains. The harbour was badly damaged by an earthquake in 1855 and Wellington was rebuilt after 1948. Because Wellington is near the bay, coupled with the high terrain, it is often attacked by the sea breeze, and most days of the year are windy, and it is the city with the highest average wind speed in the world, so it is known as the "windy city". ^[4]

Auckland scenery

Auckland It is the largest city in New Zealand in the North Island, the largest and most economically active city in New Zealand, and the most important industrial base with the largest port in New Zealand. Both sides of the isthmus are good harbours, shipping is convenient, but also an important naval base. Auckland is the country's largest industry, trade center and transportation hub, the northern region of livestock products distribution center. The main industries are machinery, shipbuilding, meat and milk processing, sugar, paper making, chemical fertilizer, etc. There is a steel mill nearby. It mainly exports dairy products, meat, leather, wool and timber. Auckland is a world leader in food and beverage, high-end manufacturing, creative industries, Marine economy, biotechnology and information technology.

Auckland is the gateway to New Zealand's external trade and is an important road, rail and air transport hub. Auckland International Airport, New Zealand's largest international airport, is just a 30-minute drive from Auckland city centre. The Port of Auckland has the largest container terminal in New Zealand, and about 46% of New Zealand's imports and about 25% of its exports pass through the port. The city of Auckland is New Zealand's largest and busiest commercial and financial center, New Zealand's stock exchange and a number of major banks are headquartered here. The world's most important multinational companies have offices in Auckland. Auckland for New Zealand's international cultural hub, is a beautiful garden city, tourism developed.

Auckland has developed higher education, among which the University of Auckland, founded in 1883, is a household name in the world. The University of Auckland is the largest, the most departments, the only New Zealand university in the world famous departments, such as computer science, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, architecture, optometry. ^[6]

Other major cities in New Zealand are: Christchurch (Christchurch), Hamilton, Dunedin, Tauranga. Famous tourist cities are located in the South Island of Queenstown, and located in the North Island of Taupo, Rotorua and so on. ^[4]

National symbol

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flag

Flag of New Zealand

Flag of New Zealand It is a rectangle, the ratio of length to width is 2:1. The bottom of the flag is dark blue and the top left is Union jack On the right there are four red five-pointed stars with white edges. New Zealand is The British Commonwealth Member states, the "m" character pattern indicates the traditional relationship with the United Kingdom; Four stars Southern Cross It symbolizes the country's location in the Southern Hemisphere and also symbolizes independence and hope. ^[2]

National emblem

Emblem of New Zealand

Emblem of New Zealand The center pattern is Coat of arms . There are five sets of patterns on the shield; The four five-pointed stars represent Southern Cross , symbolizing New Zealand; Wheat bale represents agriculture; Sheep represent the country's developed animal husbandry; The crossed axes symbolize the country's industry and mining; The three sailing ships signify the importance of the country's maritime trade. The right side of the coat of arms Maori On the left is a European immigrant woman holding a national flag; There's an England on top Queen Elizabeth II The coronation crown, symbolizing that the Queen of England is also the head of state of New Zealand; Below is New Zealand ferns The sash reads "New Zealand" in English.

National anthem

New Zealand has two national anthems of equal status: God bless New Zealand "(God Defend New Zealand) and" God Defend New Zealand" God Save the Queen God Save The Queen. If a male monarch reigns, The national anthem is changed to "God Save The King". "God Save the Queen" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom The British Commonwealth The royal anthem is not usually played as the national anthem. The first half of the New Zealand national anthem is in Maori and the second half is in English. The Ministry of Culture and Heritage of New Zealand is responsible for the use of the national anthem.

The national flower

Silver fern

Silver fern It is the national flower and tree of New Zealand. In the Maori legend, the silver fern was originally living in the ocean, and then was invited to live in the forest of New Zealand, to guide the Maori people, the role and significance are very significant. Maori hunters and warriors of old found their way home by the silver underside of the fern's leaves. As long as the leaves are turned over, the silver side will reflect the light of the stars and the moon, illuminating the path through the forest.

The silver fern has become the national tree of New Zealand because of its tough vitality. New Zealanders believe that the silver fern can reflect the national spirit of New Zealand, so the plant has become a unique symbol and representative of New Zealand, whether it is on people's chest badges, or the logo of products and services, silver fern patterns can be found throughout the country.

National tree

Sophora tetraptera It is one of New Zealand's national trees, because it is more distributed in New Zealand, and is native to New Zealand, it is named one of the national trees. Common in valleys, roadside, near villages. Light-loving, deep-rooted, rapid growth. Wood is hard and flexible, used for building ships, vehicles, utensils and carving. The bud and the fruit are put into medicine, and the bud is called "four-winged sophora flower" or "four-winged sophora rice".

National bird

Kiwi (Kiwi bird)

kiwi , also known as Kiwi bird The scientific name is kiwi . The kiwi is a rare bird unique to New Zealand and has been chosen as the country's "national bird". The Maori people, the earliest inhabitants of New Zealand, named the bird whose call was "keee-weee" the kiwi. This flightless bird is about the size of a hen, with a slender beak and feathers as thin as hair. It is so powerful that it can kick its own kind up to 1.5 meters. Kiwis are included The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) International Red Book of Birds, 2009 List ver 3.1 - Vulnerable (VU). Belong to Washington Convention Appendix II: First Class protected animals.

National stone

greenstone

Green stone, also known as green jade, also known as jade jade, emerald , jadeite , Burmese jade Is a kind of jade, the color is emerald green (called green) or red (called jade). Is formed by geological processes mainly jadeite, pyroxene and Sodium-chromium pyroxene A polycrystalline aggregate of up to the grade of jade. Greenstone is carved into handicrafts, is regarded as a talisman by New Zealanders, and greenstone as a national stone.

population

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EDITOR

As of June 2023, New Zealand has a total population of 5.223 million. Of these, 70% are descendants of European immigrants, 17% are Maori, 15% are Asian, and 8% are Pacific Islanders (partly with a multi-ethnic identity). ^[3]

New Zealand is highly urbanised, with more than 57% of the population living in cities of more than 30,000 people, mainly in the Auckland region (1.57 million), Wellington region (500,000) and Canterbury Region (590,000) according to the 2018 census, with the Auckland region accounting for about one-third of the country's population.

According to the 2018 census, the number of Chinese people settling in New Zealand is 260,000, making it one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in New Zealand and the second largest group of Asians (710,000), followed by Indian people with 280,000. Chinese New Zealanders are mainly distributed in the three major cities of Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. China has become one of the main sources of immigrants to New Zealand.

political

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EDITOR

regime

New Zealand is a parliamentary country with a multi-party cabinet system. The Governor appoints the leader of the party that won the parliamentary election to form a cabinet. The Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the legislature hold the power of the state. The cabinet consists of the majority party in Parliament.

constitution

New Zealand has no written constitution. Its constitution consists of a series of laws and amendments passed by the British Parliament and then the New Zealand Parliament, as well as certain decisions of the British Privy Council.

congress

The unicameral system, consisting only of the House of Representatives, was established in 1854. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a three-year term. New Zealand held its 54th parliamentary election on October 14. A new parliament has yet to be formed.

government

The Executive Council, composed of the Governor and ministers, is the highest statutory executive body. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor or, in the Governor's absence, by the Prime Minister or a senior minister. The Governor must be guided by the recommendations of the Executive Council in the exercise of his powers. The cabinet holds the real power. A new government is being formed.

judiciary

There is the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, a number of local courts and specialized courts dealing with employment, family, youth affairs, Maori affairs, the environment and other legal issues. The Supreme Court was established on 1 January 2004 to replace the Privy Council as the Court of Final Appeal, consisting of the Chief Justice and four judges. The current Chief Justice is Helen Winkelmann, who took office on March 14, 2019. The Court of Appeal is composed of a President and nine judges, the current President is Mark Cooper (Mark Cooper), assumed office in April 2022. The High Court is composed of 38 judges and seven Associate Justices, with the current Chief Justice, Susan Thomas, taking office on 1 June 2020.

Political party

18 registered political parties. The main ones are:

(1) Labour Party: Founded in 1916. It mainly represents the interests of low and middle income people, and trade unions and Maori are its traditional supporters. Advocates the implementation of democratic socialism, attaches importance to the social welfare system, and increases government intervention in social policies. Many times in office. After the 2017 general election, he ruled in coalition with New Zealand First and the Green Party. Form a government with the Green Party in 2020. The current leader, Chris Hipkins.

(2) National Party: Formed in 1936 by the merger of the Liberal Party and the Reform Party. It mainly represents the interests of farmers, big entrepreneurs, lawyers, etc. It advocates the implementation of free market economy and privatization, opposes excessive government intervention in the economy, strictly regulates welfare policies, and reduces government expenditure. Many times in office. He went into opposition after the 2017 general election, won the 2023 general election and is leading the effort to form a government. The current leader is Christopher Luxon.

(3) Green Party: Formerly the Values Party, founded in 1972, merged with Greenpeace in 1990 and changed to its current name. It is actively engaged in anti-war, anti-nuclear, environmental protection movements and safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups such as the elderly and poor families. He joined the Alliance Party in 1991. He left the Coalition Party in 1999. After the 2017 general election, he ruled in coalition with Labour and First. To form a government with Labour in 2020. The current leaders are James Shaw and Marama Davidson.

(4) ACT Party: Formerly the Consumers and Taxpayers Association founded by Labour government Minister Roger Douglas, it changed its current name in November 1994. Representing the interests of the business community, the supporters are mostly large consortia and wealthy businessmen. The current leader is David Seymour.

(5) Maori Party: In April 2004, due to disagreements with the Labour government on Maori issues, Associate Maori Affairs Minister Tariana Turia resigned and formed the Maori Party. It advocates the preservation of Maori traditional interests and the protection of Maori culture, customs and language. The current co-leaders are Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Narewa Packer.

(6) NZ First Party: Formed in 1993, it formed a coalition government with the National Party from 1996 to 1998, and with the Labour Party from 2005 to 2008. He advocated greater support for economic development in places other than the big cities, advocated restrictions on immigration, opposed the sale of strategic land and assets to foreigners, and opposed easing the number of foreign students. After the 2017 general election, he ruled in coalition with the Labor Party and the Green Party. Did not enter Parliament in the 2020 general election. The current leader is Winston Peters.

Other parties include the Conservative Party, the Opportunities Party, and the Advance Party.

dignitaries

Cindy Kiro : The Governor. She is the first Maori Governor-general in New Zealand's history and the former chief executive Officer of the new Royal Academy of Sciences. She has long been engaged in public health, child welfare, education and other fields, and was awarded the "Dame Order of New Zealand". He will take office in October 2021.

Christopher Lacson : The Prime Minister. Leader of the opposition National Party. Elected to New Zealand Parliament in 2020. Former Chief Executive of Air New Zealand and spokesman for local government, research, science, Manufacturing and Land Information for the opposition National Party. He became leader of the National Party in November 2021 ^[8] . On November 27, 2023 local time, Christopher Lacson became Prime Minister of the new government ^[14] .

Nicola Willis : Minister of Finance, New Zealand

Winston Peters Leader of the New Zealand First Party and Foreign Minister of New Zealand. ^[13]

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

New Zealand is a developed country with a high degree of market-oriented and legalized economy, transparent and efficient government management, political stability and social security. It has a modern infrastructure and developed communication, road, rail, maritime and energy networks. The country has a relatively free flow of capital and one of the lowest average tariffs in the world. Employees have a high degree of education and master a variety of skills.

According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2020 released by the Lausanne School of Management in Switzerland, New Zealand ranks 22nd out of 63 most competitive countries or territories in the world. In the World Bank's Doing Business 2020 report, New Zealand once again ranked first out of 190 economies worldwide.

Mainly in agriculture and animal husbandry, agricultural and animal husbandry exports accounted for about 50% of the total export. Lamb and dairy exports rank first in the world, and wool exports rank third in the world. Key economic data are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product (2022) : $242.7 billion

Gross Domestic Product per capita (2022) : approximately $47,000

Economic growth rate (2022) : 5.9%.

Currency: New Zealand dollar (S $1 ≈ US $0.59, October 2023).

Unemployment rate: 3.4% (December 2022).

Foreign exchange reserves: $11.1 billion (December 2022). ^[4]

agriculture

Agriculture is highly mechanized. The main crops are wheat, barley, oats, fruit and so on. Food was not self-sustaining and had to be imported from Australia. In 2022, dairy exports were worth $20.6 billion and meat exports were worth $9.8 billion.

industry

New Zealand's industry is mainly processing agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry products, mainly dairy products, blankets, food, leather, tobacco, paper and wood processing and other light industries, products are mainly for export. In recent years, a number of heavy industries have been established, such as steelmaking, oil refining, aluminum smelting and agricultural aircraft manufacturing.

forestry

The forest area is 8.1 million hectares, of which 6.3 million hectares are natural forests and 1.8 million hectares are afforested. The main export products are logs, wood OARS, paper and wood, etc. The main export markets are Australia, Japan, China, South Korea, the United States, Indonesia, China Taiwan and so on. In the year to June 2022, New Zealand's forest products exports were valued at $6.64 billion.

Fishery industry

It has the world's fourth largest exclusive economic zone. The fishing potential of the 200-mile exclusive economic zone is about 500,000 tons per year, and about 600,000 to 650,000 tons of fish and shellfish are caught and farmed commercially every year, more than half of which are exported. In 2022, exports of fishery products totaled S $1.9 billion.

Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry in New Zealand is developed, and animal husbandry production covers an area of 13.52 million hectares, which is half of the land area. Dairy products and meat are the most important exports. Coarse wool exports ranked first in the world, accounting for 25% of the world's total production.

By the end of 2019, New Zealand had 6.26 million dairy cows. Dairy farming employs about 40,000 people. Dairy farming is primarily pasture based, with cows feeding primarily on grass, supplemented by silage, hay and other crops during the winter and other periods of slow grass growth. In 2020, New Zealand's beef cattle population is estimated at 3.89 million. About 700,000 tons of adult beef and 30,000 tons of veal are produced, 80% of which are exported and the remaining 20% are consumed domestically.

By the end of 2019, the national sheep population of New Zealand was 26.82 million. The number of sheep in New Zealand peaked at 70.3 million in 1982 and has been declining ever since. In 2020, 360,000 tons of adult lamb and 97,000 tons of lamb will be produced, with about 95 percent of lamb and 90 percent of wool products exported and the rest consumed domestically.

At the end of 2019, New Zealand had a national pig population of 256,000. The Canterbury region is the largest pig farming area, accounting for more than 60% of the scale. In 2020, it will produce 45,000 tons of pork. Domestic production only meets about 45 percent of consumer demand, with imports of pork, ham and bacon mainly from the European Union, North America and Australia supplementing domestic supplies. A small amount of meat is exported to nearby Pacific island countries. ^[4]

Dairy industry

New Zealand's dairy industry plays an important role in the national economy. There are more than 12,000 ranches in the country, with a total grazing area of 11 million hectares, 80% of which are concentrated in the North Island. New Zealand mainly exports dairy products such as milk powder, butter, cheese and cream. China is New Zealand's largest dairy export market. The Fonterra Group is New Zealand's largest company and one of the world's largest dairy exporters. New Zealand's dairy industry, as well as the food and beverage industry as a whole, is highly open, with 25% of the industry's total output value created by foreign enterprises, and investors from more than 60 countries and regions around the world. New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of whole milk powder and butter, and the third largest exporter of skim milk powder and cheese.

Finance and finance

The fiscal year is from July 1 to June 30 of the following year. The economic growth rate was 2.4% (December 2022) and the inflation rate was 7.2% (December 2022).

Central bank

Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) : Central bank. Founded as a private bank in 1934, it became a national bank in 1936. Its main functions are: to formulate and implement monetary policy; Manage currency issuance; Maintaining a reasonable and effective financial system; To provide policy advice to the Secretary of the Treasury and implement foreign exchange policy; The New Zealand Economic Outlook and the New Zealand Financial Policy Statement are published on a semi-annual basis. The current president is Adrian Orr.

Registered banks and non-bank financial institutions

There are two types of commercial financial institutions in New Zealand: registered banks and non-bank financial institutions. New Zealand's banking system is highly concentrated, as of April 30, 2018, New Zealand has a total of 26 registered banks, of which ANZ, BNZ, ASB, WESPAC four banks accounted for 87% of the entire financial market. There are also 25 non-bank financial companies. Existing commercial banks must obtain approval from the National Reserve Bank to operate as licensed banks and are regulated by the Reserve Bank and the Securities Commission.

Chinese bank

On February 26, 2014, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China New Zealand Limited officially opened in Auckland, becoming the 23rd registered bank in New Zealand and the first Chinese bank to enter New Zealand, and the first subsidiary bank of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to set up overseas.

On November 21, 2014, the New Zealand branch of China Construction Bank was officially inaugurated in Auckland, and on December 21, 2017, China Construction Bank successfully registered a branch, which is an important part of CCB's internationalization strategy.

On November 21, 2014, the New Zealand branch of Bank of China was officially inaugurated in Auckland. On March 29, 2018, the Bank of China successfully registered a branch. ^[4]

Securities market

The New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) reviews, approves and regulates three securities markets: the main Board, the Small and Medium Board and the Bond market. As of 17 April 2019, there were 164 listed companies on the NZX with a market capitalisation of S $147.8 billion.

New Zealand is a small and open economy, and the economic situation is a major factor affecting the stock market. In general, New Zealand's securities rules are transparent, fair and reasonable. There is no limit on how much the New Zealand stock market can rise or fall. Foreign ownership of between 60 and 70 per cent of New Zealand shares is limited by inadequate capital.

Insurance company

The insurance industry in New Zealand is relatively advanced in product design, customer service, compensation process, corporate governance and other aspects, and insurance companies regardless of size have their own "anti-fraud team". In February 1999, the insurance industry in New Zealand jointly established the ICR(InsuranceClaims Register), the main function of the organization is to share the insurance credit history and fraud record of the insured, and provide accurate and reliable credit history for all insurance companies that join the organization. As of March 13, 2018, there are more than 90 registered insurance institutions in New Zealand. IAG is the leading insurance group in New Zealand, which owns a number of brands, including NZI, State, AMI and Lumley, etc. IAG has been providing insurance services for the New Zealand public since 1859, and also provides insurance products for major banks in New Zealand. For example, we have business with ASB, BNZ, Cooperative Bank and Westpac. Major insurance companies in New Zealand also include VERO, TOWER, AA, AMI, AMP and so on. ^[4]

currency

The currency of New Zealand is the New Zealand dollar, which is printed and issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (the central bank). Since March 1985, the government has had a free-floating exchange rate policy for the New Zealand dollar, with the rise and fall of the exchange rate determined solely by changes in supply and demand. The Reserve Bank can intervene when it deems it necessary. At present, reserve banks intervene in exchange rates by adjusting the official cash rate (OCR). The benchmark rate will be about 1% in 2021. Affected by the international market, the New Zealand dollar continued to fall in August 2018, reaching its lowest level against the US dollar in three years. In the second half of 2019, the New Zealand dollar fell sharply against the US dollar from the 0.67 position. In early 2020, the New Zealand dollar began to rebound, returning to 0.67. The New Zealand dollar fell to its lowest level in four years due to the global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and then continued to strengthen, rising to S $0.72 against the US dollar by June 2021

On June 10, 2021, one New Zealand dollar can be exchanged for 4.58 yuan and one New Zealand dollar can be exchanged for 0.59 euro. ^[4]

tourism

The main sources of tourists are: Australia, China, the United States and the United Kingdom. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, 1.43 million foreign tourists visited New Zealand in 2022, an increase of 1.22 million over 2021.

foreign trade

Heavily dependent on foreign trade. In 2022, New Zealand's total trade in goods will be S $100.63 billion, with exports worth S $45.86 billion and imports worth S $54.77 billion. It mainly imports petroleum, mechanical and electrical products, automobiles, electronic equipment, textiles, etc., and exports dairy products, meat, forest products, crude oil, fruits and fish. The main trading partners are China, the European Union, Australia, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Singapore.

In 2022, the new imports of major trading partners are (unit: S $100 million, the same below) : China 213.7, Australia 138.6, the United States 123, Japan 44.7, South Korea 29.1; New exports to China were 189.5, Australia 154.4, the United States 107, Singapore 82.1, and Japan 52.9.

Trade in goods

In 2020, New Zealand's trade in goods totaled S $118.7 billion, with exports of S $60.2 billion and imports of S $58.5 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of S $1.7 billion. The top five export destinations and import sources of goods trade are China, Australia, the United States, Japan and South Korea. In 2020, the top five export commodities are: dairy products, meat products, wood and wood products, fruits and nuts, and cereals; The top five imports are: machinery products, motor vehicles, electronic machinery and equipment, crude oil fuels and plastic products.

Service trade

In 2020, New Zealand's trade in services totaled S $35.55 billion, with exports of S $18.28 billion and imports of S $17.27 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of S $1.01 billion. The top five export destinations for service trade are Australia, the United States, China, the United Kingdom and India. The top five sources of imports are Australia, the United States, Singapore, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The main export products of service trade in 2020 are: tourism, business services, transportation, telecommunications services and intellectual property services; The main imported products are business services, transportation, telecommunications services, tourism and insurance services. ^[4]

China-new Zealand economy and trade

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1972, China-New Zealand economic and trade relations have been developing steadily and healthily. China is New Zealand's largest trading partner, export market and source of imports. China's main exports to New Zealand are mechanical and electrical products, machinery products and textiles, while its main imports from New Zealand are dairy products, logs and wood products, meat and so on. New Zealand has a number of "firsts" in developing economic and trade relations with China: New Zealand was the first developed country to conclude negotiations with China on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the first developed country to recognize China's market economy status, the first developed country to negotiate a bilateral free trade agreement with China, the first developed country to sign a free trade agreement with China, the first developed country to sign a free trade agreement with Hong Kong, China. The first developed country to apply to join the AIIB, the first developed country to start negotiations with China to upgrade its free trade agreement, etc. ^[4]

In March 2010, New Zealand signed the Close Economic Cooperation Agreement with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, becoming the first country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with Hong Kong. In January 2011, the agreement was officially implemented. In November, the Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation between Hong Kong, China and New Zealand came into effect. In October 2013, the New Zealand Office of Commerce and Industry and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office signed the Economic Cooperation Agreement between New Zealand and Taiwan, Peng, Jin and Ma Separate Customs Territories. ^[5]

Outward investment

As of December 2021, New Zealand's overseas investment stock stood at S $347.17 billion, with major investment destinations such as Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom.

With the growth of China's economy and the continuous development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation, China and New Zealand have developed from a single trade relationship to multi-field, multi-level and multi-form economic and trade cooperation. New Zealand's investment in China mainly covers agriculture and forestry, light industry, textiles, metallurgy, food processing, medicine and computers. ^[5]

Foreign investment

In 2020, New Zealand attracted foreign investment flows of US $4.22 billion, and by the end of 2020, New Zealand had attracted foreign investment stocks of US $91.46 billion. By region, the main sources of foreign investment are: APEC, ASEAN, EU, GCC and OECD; by country, the main sources of foreign investment are: Australia, Hong Kong, the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom. New Zealand has a high degree of economic openness, and most of the world's major multinational companies have offices in New Zealand. Mainly include: Britain's Vodafone Telecom, Australia's Woolworths, British Petroleum and so on. ^[4]

Foreign aid

New Zealand is a developed country with extensive participation in international aid, but its own needs for foreign aid are minimal. In February 2011, Christchurch, New Zealand, was hit by an earthquake. The Chinese government provided US $500,000 in emergency humanitarian assistance to the New Zealand government. New Zealand's foreign assistance is mainly bilateral, with Pacific Island countries as the focus of assistance. New Zealand's foreign assistance aims to build on New Zealand's best knowledge and skills to develop shared prosperity and stability with Pacific Island countries, support sustainable development in developing countries, reduce poverty and contribute to a more secure, equitable and prosperous world. ^[4]

New Zealand's foreign assistance is mainly bilateral, with the focus on Pacific island countries. The main directions of assistance include financial subsidies, agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry, health care, resources and environmental protection, climate change, cultural heritage and personnel training. New Zealand's regional aid budget for the Pacific Island countries from 2021/2022 to 2023/2024 (in S $million) : Solomon Islands 124, Papua New Guinea 134, Kiribati 83, Tokelau 65, Samoa 97, Vanuatu 101, Niue 80, Cook Islands 76, Fiji 103, Tuvalu 50.

New Zealand's assistance to China began in 1989, in the form of direct assistance to project units. In 1990, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand formally established a comprehensive technical cooperation relationship. In 1992, New Zealand established an annual aid program of S $1 million to China. Since 1993, the two sides have explored and developed ways to use technical cooperation to promote trade and investment, and launched small-scale poverty alleviation projects in the same year. Although China-New Zealand technical cooperation started late and is not large in scale, it has developed steadily, taken a flexible form and achieved quick results, which has promoted bilateral cooperation in forestry, animal husbandry, poverty alleviation, trade and other fields. In May 2003, the New Zealand government provided China with S $850,000 (about 3.89 million yuan) through the World Health Organization for the prevention and control of SARS. In December 2005, the Annual Conference on New Zealand's Development Assistance to China was held in Wellington. In 2006, the New Zealand Agency for International Development increased its total annual aid budget to China from S $320,000 (about 1.68 million yuan) to S $500,000 (about 2.6 million yuan), focusing on rural poverty alleviation, community development and capacity building. The project covers nine western provinces and regions such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Tibet. In 2007, New Zealand increased its development scholarship program to provide five to 10 people a year to study for a new master's degree. ^[5]

Foreign capital

New Zealand is a traditional capital importer and gives national treatment to foreign investment. In 2022, New Zealand will attract $9.89 billion in foreign investment. The main sources of foreign investment include Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. Foreign investment is mainly distributed in banking, telecommunications, transportation, real estate, forestry, animal husbandry and tourism.

traffic

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EDITOR

highroad

New Zealand's total highway mileage is about 94,000 kilometers, of which 11,000 kilometers are national highways and 83,000 kilometers are local roads. New Zealand has one of the highest road miles per capita in the world, with about 70% of freight transported by road. New Zealand is an island country that is geographically isolated from other countries, so there are no road links to other countries.

railway

The total length of railway in New Zealand is about 4000 km. New Zealand's railways were originally used to transport goods, connecting the major cities of the North and South Islands. With the development of the road system, the freight transport function of the railway is gradually weakened, and it is converted to three uses of freight, passenger and sightseeing tourism, and the number of trains is less. The plain coastal railway line is dense. In the north, the main line between Auckland and Wellington is divided into several branches east and west, and the South Island Railway is concentrated on the east side of the island, from Picton straight down to South Bluff. The South Island and the North Island are connected by a train ferry.

Air freight

There are four international airports in New Zealand Auckland International Airport , Wellington Airport , Christchurch International Airport and Queenstown Airport . Among them, Auckland Airport is the largest, with multi-class international routes connecting Asia, Europe, the Americas and neighboring countries including Pacific island countries, and about 70% of international tourists enter from Auckland Airport. Wellington, Christchurch and Queenstown airports are small, and international routes are dominated by flights to Australia's three major cities of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.

Water transport

New Zealand imports and exports goods are dependent on sea transport, so there are many ports, facilities developed. There are 13 major ports in New Zealand, of which Auckland Port, Tauranga Port and Christchurch Lipton Port are the three largest ports. In addition, there are several daily ferries between Wellington on New Zealand's North Island and Picton on the South Island. The Port of Auckland is a large container and international trade port located at the Port of Whitemata, on Auckland's central and eastern waterfront.

Port of Auckland

The port of Tauranga is located on the east coast of New Zealand in Bay of Prenti. It can handle 6 million tons of export cargo and more than 1000 cargo ships in and out of the port per year, is the largest port in New Zealand by throughput, and is the largest container export port in New Zealand. The port has direct access to the Pacific Ocean, which ships can enter within an hour of leaving the port. The Port of Tauranga provides a flexible, reliable and high quality service to key markets in Asia, Europe and North America. Tauranga Port also serves South Africa, India, China, and East and Southeast Asia.

culture

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EDITOR

diet

Palova

New Zealand's "Pacific Rim" cuisine is influenced by Europe, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Polynesia, Japan and Vietnam. Cafes and restaurants across the country offer this combination of regional specialties, including lamb, pork, venison, Salmon , Tiny lobster , Bluff oysters, abalone , mussel , scallop , Sweet potato , Kiwi fruit and Tree tomato (tamalillo) and other cooked dishes. There is also the most representative New Zealand dessert "pavlova" (pavlova) White cream And fresh fruit or berries spread on egg whites

ART

New Zealand's arts and culture have been drawn from all ethnic groups, producing a combination of Maori, European Maori, Asian and Oceanian qualities. New Zealand's art scene reflects this convergence. Some of New Zealand's most valuable paintings are 19th century Maori portraits by Czarles Goldie. Painter Kolin McKahon, whose work uses text, Christian iconography and Maori language, as well as mythology, is considered by many to be New Zealand's greatest artist. Many galleries exhibit these works alongside those of other artists, such as Lalph Hotele and Glahame Sydney.

literature

There are many New Zealand writers who have translated Maori culture and legends into English literature. Keli Hulme for her highly creative novel "The Bone People. Man Booker Prize Yes. There are also writers who have combined the two cultures to create a distinctive New Zealand literature, including Patlicia Grace, Witi Ihimaela and Hone Tuwhale. Alan Duff is best known for his book Once Were Walriors, which was brought to the big screen in 2002 by director Lee Tamaholi (James Bond's Who's Who).

MUSICIANS

Major New Zealand bands include The Datsuns, The D4, Pacifier and AnikaMoa, all signed to international record labels. Moana Maniapoto and her band The Tribe have won acclaim abroad for their Maori original sounds. In addition to Neil Finn, leader of the pop group Krowed House, New Zealand opera singers Dame Kiri Te Kanawa and Dame Malvina Majol have both performed abroad. Hayley Westenra's album Pule debuted at number one in the UK Classical charts in its first week of release.

Language

Official languages: New Zealand has three official languages: English, Maori, and New Zealand Sign Language.

Maori (Maori) : After the Maori people arrived in New Zealand from the Pacific Islands, there were very few changes in pronunciation. Basically people everywhere can communicate with each other. Maori is the language of the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand and one of the three official languages of New Zealand.

About a quarter of the Maori people in New Zealand speak Te reo Maori. About half of the speakers of this language are under the age of twenty-five. It's a kind of Polynesia ^[9] Languages (similar to other Oceanian languages, e.g Hawaiian And Tahitian), has a unique sense of poetry and musicality. Maori is one of the official languages of New Zealand.

The New Zealand Sign Language is one of the world's chiropractic languages.

religion

New Zealand religions include a wide variety of groups and beliefs. In the 2018 census, almost half (48.6%) of New Zealanders said they had no religious affiliation, and 6.7% did not disclose their religious affiliation. Christianity remains the most common religion in New Zealand, with 37% of the population identifying as Christian. About 6% of the population belongs to a non-Christian religion. Hinduism is the second most popular religion with 2.6% of the population, while Sikhism is the fastest growing.

custom

New Zealand people are simple, rich in the spirit of exploration, love nature and field life, and have a strong sense of environmental protection. The Maori people still retain strong traditional customs. Most of them believe in primitive polytheism, believe that "the soul is immortal", and worship the gods of their ancestors. New Zealanders meet and say goodbye to the handshake ceremony, the customary handshake is a tight handshake, under normal circumstances, men should wait for women to extend their hands first. When meeting for the first time, people with the same identity call each other by their surname, and add "Mr.", "Miss", etc., after getting familiar with each other, they call each other by their first name. It is the custom of the Maori to greet distinguished guests with a nose salute. The longer the nose touch, the higher the courtesy, the more popular. Always ask permission to take pictures of others, especially Maori people.

Festivals

New Zealand national holidays include: New Year, 1-2 January; Waitangi Day (Waitangi Day, National Day), 6 February; Easter, March-April, 4 consecutive days; Anzac Day, 25 April; Queen's Birthday, first Monday in June; Labor Day, last Monday in October; Christmas Day, December 25th; Boxing Day, December 26. Every Saturday and Sunday are closed.

Special product

Special product	introduce	picture
kiwi fruit (kiwi)	The word kiwi is used except as a salutation Kiwi bird "Is also used as a salutation New Zealander The earliest history can be traced back to the First World War, which was the nickname of New Zealand soldiers. in International money market New Zealand's basic monetary unit, the New Zealand dollar, is also often referred to as "strange" because of the kiwi bird on one side of the coin. And perhaps the most famous "strangeness" is the delicious kiwi fruit. Kiwifruit is native to China and was known as "Chinese gooseberry" when transplanted to New Zealand. But when New Zealand growers exported this fruit in large quantities, they named it kiwi and became famous all over the world.	Kiwi fruit
Kiwi fruit	The Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island is sunny, warm and fertile, and is rich in kiwi fruit. After New Zealand introduced kiwifruit from China in 1906, the Bay of Plenty has been the most successful introduction and has become the world's second largest producer of kiwifruit.
wine	New Zealand's main wine-growing areas are in the dry, sun-drenched eastern region, which includes Gisborne , Hawke's Bay and Marburg Three main areas. Other major areas are Auckland, Martinburg , Nelson and Central Otago . These regions, located between latitudes 36 and 45 degrees, are a golden belt of grape growing that has created New Zealand's wine-making culture, with several major wine-producing regions hosting annual wine and food festivals, and most wineries open to visitors for tastings. Many large wineries also double as restaurants and cafes, and offer retail and online sales.	New Zealand white wine

Military affairs

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EDITOR

The Governor is the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, the nominal supreme commander. The Minister of Defence, assisted by the Commander of the Defence Forces, exercises de facto control over the armed forces. The Commander of the Defence Forces is the Chief military adviser to the Minister of Defence and the Chairman of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff of the Three Armed Forces. The Secretary of Defence is the chief civilian adviser to the Ministry of Defence, responsible for developing defence policy recommendations, equipment procurement and maintenance updates. In 1951, he signed the ANZUS Security Treaty with Australia and the United States. In 1984, after the Labour Party came to power to adopt an anti-nuclear stance, the New Zealand Parliament passed the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act in 1987, prohibiting the United States nuclear ships to visit New Zealand, and the United States suspended bilateral defense cooperation. It has signed a defense cooperation Agreement and an Agreement on Closer Defense Relations with Australia, and a military mutual assistance program with ASEAN and South Pacific Island countries. The United Kingdom, Australia, Malaysia and Singapore signed the Five-Power Joint Defense Arrangement in 1971, and the five countries held large-scale military exercises in the South China Sea in 1997.

In 2008, the New Zealand government began to revise its defense policy. In November 2010, the New Zealand government issued the Defense White Paper, which lays out the national defense strategic blueprint for the next 25 years. The main tasks of the New Zealand Defense Force are to protect the territory of New Zealand and the security of the Pacific island countries, and to jointly respond to regional emergencies with Australia. Maintain and enhance combat capabilities in the immediate region, contributing to the maintenance of stability in Asia and beyond; Maintaining capacity to act in concert with key partners; It plays a role in maintaining open trade routes, protecting Marine resources, and implementing humanitarian relief and disaster reduction. In June 2016, the New Zealand government issued a new version of the Defense White Paper, making it clear that New Zealand will increase its naval and air force building, increase investment in counter-terrorism, cyber, intelligence collection, disaster prevention and reduction, and strengthen international defense cooperation. In July 2018, the coalition government of the New Zealand Labour Party issued the Strategic Defence Policy Statement, which clarified that the main tasks of the New Zealand Defence Force include defending sovereignty and territorial integrity, closely monitoring and effectively responding to the external strategic environment, and contributing to the rules-based international order. In June 2019, the New Zealand government released the Defence Capability Plan, which explicitly increased investment in neighbouring countries' assistance, maritime capabilities, intelligence personnel, cyber security and logistics to improve the ability to respond to multiple events at the same time.

At the end of 1972, conscription was abolished and a voluntary military service was introduced. The New Zealand Defence Force has a total of about 15,000 personnel, including 9,723 regular troops (4,848 army, 2,334 Navy, 2,541 Air Force), 2,701 reserve, and 3,048 civilian personnel. The defence budget for the financial year 2020/2023 is S $6 billion. The commander of the New Zealand Defence Force is Lieutenant General Kevin Short.

society

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EDITOR

education

Education in New Zealand is mainly funded by the government. The Government provides free education for students in public primary and secondary schools and provides partial funding for pre-school institutions and higher education facilities. The government will also help private schools if their accommodation and teaching standards meet the required requirements. Education in New Zealand is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 15.

New Zealand's education system is regarded as one of the best in the world. The country has more than 2,800 state primary and secondary schools, 8 universities, 25 technical colleges and 5 educational colleges. The New Zealand government has vigorously pursued the education export strategy and fully opened up the education market.

8 national Universities in New Zealand: University of Auckland , Auckland University of Technology , University of Waikato , Victoria University, University of Canterbury , Massey University , University of Otago , Lincoln University . The main countries of origin of New Zealand students are: China, India, Japan and South Korea.

Medical treatment

New Zealand is a high welfare state, health services are mainly public. Most clinics, hospitals, nursing homes and other medical institutions are run through government funding. Medical services in emergency centres, specialist out-patient and in-patient departments of public hospitals, as well as in-hospital X-ray, ultrasound, CT and other imaging and medical laboratory tests are completely free of charge. The cost of accommodation during the hospital stay is also completely free. According to the World Health Organization, New Zealand's national recurrent health expenditure accounted for 9% of GDP in 2019. In purchasing power parity terms, the per capita recurrent expenditure on health is US $3,745.2. In 2019, the average life expectancy was 81.6 years.

Science and technology

As one of the few developed countries that rely on agriculture and animal husbandry, New Zealand has a distinctive feature in science and technology, in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and animal husbandry, food safety, medicine, biotechnology, information and communication technology, response to natural disasters, the environment, Marine and Antarctic science and other fields. Because the economic structure relies on the primary industry, the lack of large enterprises restricts the R&D investment of enterprises, and then affects the investment level of the entire innovation system. The main areas of research and development in New Zealand are manufacturing, primary industries, ICT services, health and the environment.

New Zealand's scientific research institutions are mainly composed of Callaghan Innovation, Royal Institutes, national universities, professional research associations, independent research institutes and enterprises, among which Callaghan Innovation is one of the key priorities of the government to build a stronger and more competitive economy, and is a catalyst for the commercialization of science, engineering, technology and design in New Zealand. The complex needs of industry, government and research are met to benefit customers, partners and New Zealand's economy and society. The Royal Institute plays a unique and important role in supporting innovation and development in its industry, working to solve New Zealand's most pressing problems and to achieve economic growth by increasing the productivity of the economic sector and improving the sustainable use of natural resources.

The characteristics of New Zealand's science and technology policy are very distinct, and the basic policy is to serve economic growth and promote exports. For a long time, the New Zealand government has highly emphasized the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements and the purpose of scientific research activities.

Physical education

rugby The most popular and influential sport in New Zealand, the national rugby team is known as the AllBlacks because of their iconic all-black uniforms. The New Zealand national team has won it Rugby World Cup Champion and long ranked among the best in the world. On September 28, 2007, the visiting Chinese People's Liberation Army also held a friendly rugby match with the New Zealand Navy. The 2011 Rugby World Cup was held in New Zealand.

communication

According to the World Bank, as of 2018, there were 1.76 million fixed-line telephones in New Zealand, with an average of 37.1 fixed-line telephones per 100 people. There were 6.4 million mobile phone users, or 135 mobile phones per 100 people. There are 1.647 million wireless broadband users, with an average of 34.7 people per 100 people having access to wireless broadband. Internet access is widely available in New Zealand, with 93% of New Zealanders having access to the Internet as of January 2020. Fiber to the Home (FTTH) accounts for 32% of connections, FTTH Its use is growing rapidly.

Internet access is widely available in New Zealand, with 93% of New Zealanders having access to the Internet as of January 2020. Fiber to the Home (FTTH) accounts for 32% of connections, and the use of FTTH is growing rapidly. The telephone and fiber networks are primarily owned by the networking company Chorus, which provides wholesale services to retail. As of March 2020, Ookla reported an average download speed of 110.72Mbit/s for fixed broadband and an average upload speed of 70.32Mbit/s (23rd in the world). ^[4]

electricity

Due to the geographical constraints of the island nation, New Zealand's electricity supply is self-sufficient and can meet the needs of industrial and agricultural production. From January to December 2019, the national electricity generation was about 10,575 GWH (WG), of which renewable energy accounted for 84%. New Zealand has a national transmission grid of 12,000 km. ^[4]

medium

There are more than 100 newspapers in New Zealand, including 23 daily newspapers and more than 300 magazines. The New Zealand Herald is the largest daily newspaper with a daily circulation of more than 162,000. The Dominion Post is the second largest daily newspaper, formed by the merger of Corriere Della Sera and Dominion, with a daily circulation of 98,000. The Sunday Star Times is the only national newspaper with an annual circulation of 400,000 copies. In 2003, Fairfax New Zealand acquired Independent Newspapers, creating New Zealand's largest media group.

Radio New Zealand has more than 190 radio stations throughout the country, most of them commercial. With The exception of Broadcasting New Zealand, which is state-owned, the remaining Radio stations are owned by The Radio Network and Media Works. In recent years, the government has funded the establishment of a number of public service radio stations that reflect multiculturalism.

Radio New Zealand: Formerly a public radio station established in 1925, it was converted into a state-owned corporation in 1955. Under the jurisdiction of the national radio FM radio and medium wave, short wave radio. The National Radio broadcasts 24 hours a day, focusing on current affairs and domestic political news. International shortwave radio broadcasts to the Pacific island countries.

Television New Zealand: Officially launched in 1962, was originally managed by the Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand, and became an independent state-owned enterprise in August 1988. It has 6 channels, including 1 TV and 2 TV. Mainly broadcast news, sports, science and education, film and television programs, covering the whole country.

TV 3: The only private television station, controlled by the Media Factory Company. It began broadcasting in November 1989, focusing on news and TV dramas.

New Zealand Maori Television: Launched in March 2004.

Public security

New Zealand's social security situation is generally good, especially in small and medium-sized towns outside Auckland, the crime rate is very low. New Zealand Police statistics show that there were 265,000 criminal cases in New Zealand in 2020, down 6.6% from the previous year, with theft-related victims down 10.1%, robbery-related victims down 14.6%, and assault-related victims up 12.4%.

Under New Zealand law, eligible individuals are permitted to possess firearms with approval. On 15 March 2019, a shooting at a mosque in Christchurch left 50 people dead. On April 12, New Zealand passed a new gun control law, officially banning most semi-automatic weapons. The new government is introducing the Firearm Protection Orders. The new law states that specific "high risk" people cannot own, use or get guns in response to "gangs" and "organized crime" moves. ^[4]

payroll

On April 1, 2020, the New Zealand government raised the minimum wage rate to $18.90 per hour for adults and $15.12 per hour for beginners or trainees. Average wage in New Zealand: S $31.84 / hour. Employers must pay minimum wage for working hours in excess of 40 hours per week or 80 hours per fortnight. For skilled jobs, wages in the South Island are slightly higher than those in the North Island. ^[4]

diplomacy

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EDITOR

Foreign policy

The fundamental purpose of New Zealand's foreign policy is to maintain peace in the world, especially in the Pacific region, so as to safeguard New Zealand's sovereignty and security and safeguard its economic interests. The relationship with Australia and the Pacific Island countries as a basis for foreign political, defense and economic relations; Making the Asia-Pacific region a priority area of foreign relations; We will actively develop relations with the United States, maintain traditional relations with European countries, and emphasize the development of political and economic relations with emerging countries in Latin America. Actively support and participate in UN peacekeeping operations and humanitarian assistance, and seek to play a role in international organizations; We advocate multilateralism and the leading role of the United Nations in international and regional affairs. We support the multilateral trading system, advocate free and fair trade, attach importance to participating in regional economic cooperation, and actively promote trade and investment liberalization processes such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Emphasizing the multiple functions of the armed forces, such as defense and participation in peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance; Advocates continuing to promote the international nuclear disarmament process with a view to the ultimate complete destruction of nuclear weapons; Upholding the South Pacific nuclear-weapon-free Zone and supporting the establishment of a Southeast Asia nuclear-weapon-free zone; We actively participated in international cooperation on climate change and counter-terrorism.

Relations with China

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and New Zealand on December 22, 1972, bilateral relations have developed smoothly, with leaders of the two countries maintaining frequent visits and contacts.

In September 2014, Foreign Minister Wang Yi led a delegation to New Zealand, where he met with New Zealand Prime Minister John Key, Trade Minister Michael Groser, Labour Party Foreign Affairs spokesman Mark Shearer and former Foreign Minister Michael Gove, and held talks with New Foreign Minister Stephen McCully. Leaders of the two countries announced the upgrading of China-New Zealand relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, and the two sides issued the first joint statement on bilateral relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties. In February 2017, Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited New Zealand. In August, Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Foreign Minister Brownlee of New Zealand on the sidelines of the Foreign Ministers' meetings on East Asia Cooperation in Manila. In the same month, Vice Chairwoman Yan Junqi of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress visited New Zealand. In June 2021, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi held a video meeting with New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta. ^[5] In June 2023, at the invitation of Li Qiang, Premier of The State Council of the People's Republic of China, Prime Minister of New Zealand Chris Hipkins Paid an official visit to the People's Republic of China ^[10] .

China is New Zealand's largest trading partner, export market and source of imports. China's main new exports are clothing and mechanical and electrical products, and the main imports since the new imports are dairy products, wood products, meat and so on. According to Chinese statistics, bilateral trade in goods in 2022 amounted to US $25.15 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.8%, of which China's new exports to China amounted to US $9.18 billion, a year-on-year increase of 7.4%, and its new exports to China amounted to US $15.98 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 1.1%.

With the growth of China's economy and the continuous development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation, the two countries have developed from a single trade relationship to multi-field, multi-level and multi-form economic and trade cooperation. The new investment in China mainly covers agriculture and forestry, light industry, textile, metallurgy, food processing, medicine, computer and other fields. China's new investments are mainly in dairy, resource development, insurance and construction.

The two countries have established 42 pairs of sister provinces and cities. In September 2015, the All-China People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Local Government Association of New Zealand jointly held the first China-New Zealand Mayors Forum in Xiamen. In December 2017, the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Local Government Association of New Zealand jointly held the second China-New Zealand Mayors' Forum in Wellington.

Relations with Australia

The establishment of diplomatic relations in 1943. New Zealand prioritizes its relationship with Australia in its foreign and defence policy, with leaders of the two countries meeting regularly and close cooperation in political, economic, social and security, as well as international areas. In June and December 2007, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited Australia twice. In January 2008, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Karen visited Australia. In June, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd visited Singapore. In February 2009, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited Australia. In March, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia. In July, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited Australia again. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia again, co-chaired the first joint Cabinet meeting with Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, and issued a joint statement on continuing to promote Trans-Tasman cooperation. In February 2010, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Australia. In October, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key held his first official meeting with Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard on the sidelines of the fifth East Asia Summit in Hanoi, Vietnam. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully and Minister for Climate Change Stephen Smith visited Australia. In February 2011, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard visited New Zealand, during which the two countries signed the Investment Protocol on Closer Economic Relations and issued the Joint Statement on Trans-Tasman Cooperation. Gillard was invited to address the New Zealand Parliament and became the first foreign leader to do so. Australian Defence Minister Stephen Smith visits Singapore. After the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, Australia provided $3.8 million in aid and sent earthquake rescue teams and police volunteers to help maintain security in the city. In March, Australian Governor-General Bryce and Prime Minister Julia Gillard went to New Zealand to participate in the national mourning activities for the earthquake in Croatia. Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd visits Singapore. In June, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia and was invited to address the Australian Parliament, becoming the first New Zealand leader to do so. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Australia. Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer Wayne Swan visits New Zealand. In October, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the Commonwealth Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Perth, Australia, and represented New Zealand Prime Minister John Key at the Commonwealth Summit. In January 2012, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia to hold the annual summit with Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard. In April, June and November, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited Australia three times. In February 2013, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard visited New Zealand and held the annual meeting between the two prime ministers with new Prime Minister John Key. In April, New Zealand Defense Minister Kevin Coleman held talks with Australian Defense Minister Stephen Smith in Auckland. In October, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia. Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop visits Singapore. In November, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited Australia. In February 2014, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Australia and held a joint ministerial meeting with Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott. In October, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key went to Australia to attend World War I commemorations. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the G20 Summit in Australia. In February and April 2015, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott visited New Zealand twice. In April, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited Australia. In October, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull visited New Zealand. In February 2017, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull visited New Zealand. In November 2017, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Australia. In March 2018, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Australia and held the annual leaders' meeting between the two countries. In February 2019, Australian Prime Minister Morrison visited New Zealand. In the same month, Australian Foreign Minister Payne visited New Zealand. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Australia. In the same month, Australian Foreign Minister Payne visited New Zealand. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Australia. In February 2020, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Australia and held the annual leaders' meeting between the two countries. In December, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta held a video consultation with Australian Foreign Minister Payne. In April 2021, Australian Foreign Minister Payne visited New Zealand and held talks with new Foreign Minister Mahuta. In May, Australian Prime Minister Morrison visited New Zealand and held the annual summit between the leaders of the two countries. In November 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Australia. In May 2022, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spoke on the phone with new Australian Prime Minister Peter Albanese. In June, Australian Foreign Minister Huang Ying-yin visited Singapore. In June and July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Australia. In December, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Australia. In February 2023, the new Prime Minister of New Zealand, John Hipkins, visited Australia. In April, Hipkins paid a second visit to Australia and held talks with Australian Prime Minister Albanese. In July, Australian Prime Minister Albanese visited New Zealand.

In 1983, the two countries signed the Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (CER). In 1990, the two countries announced the establishment of a free trade area. In 1996, the two countries signed the Single Aviation Market Agreement, which guarantees their airlines "unrestricted rights to fly" in each other's country. In 1998, the two countries signed the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, which allows citizens of both countries to live and work freely in each other's countries. In January 2007, the two countries agreed to continue to promote the single economic market.

Australia is New Zealand's second largest trading partner and largest source of investment. According to Singapore's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between New Zealand and Australia was 29.29 billion Singapore dollars, of which exports amounted to 13.86 billion Singapore dollars and imports amounted to 15.44 billion Singapore dollars. Australia is New Zealand's largest source of tourists.

Relations with the United States

The establishment of diplomatic relations in 1942. In 1951, New Zealand, the United States, and Australia concluded the ANZUS Security Treaty, and New Zealand became an ally of the United States. In the mid-1980s, the Labour government pursued an anti-nuclear policy, refused to visit the United States nuclear ships, the United States downgraded New Zealand from an ally to a friendly country, and suspended defense cooperation with New Zealand. In the 1990s, the National Party government actively improved relations with the United States. In 1999, after the Labor government came to power, it adhered to the non-nuclear policy, stressed the handling of relations with the United States according to practical interests, and had no intention of restoring the relationship under the ANZUS Security Treaty. After the September 11 attacks, New Zealand supported US anti-terrorism operations and sent special forces to cooperate with US military operations in Afghanistan. In March 2007, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited the United States. In July 2008, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited New Zealand. In April 2009, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the United States. In May, New Zealand's Trade Minister and Minister for International Climate Change Negotiations Michael Groser visited the United States. In September, Admiral Keating, commander of the US Pacific Theater, visited New Zealand. In January 2010, New Zealand and the United States signed the Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement. In April, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the United States and attended the Nuclear Security Summit. Us Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Cartwright visited New Zealand. In May, New Zealand held joint military exercises with the United States and Japan. In September, New Zealand Trade Minister and International Climate Change Negotiation Minister Groser visited the United States. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English visited the United States. In November, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited New Zealand and the two countries signed the Wellington Declaration, elevating bilateral relations to a "new type of strategic partnership". New Zealand Prime Minister John Key meets with U.S. President Barack Obama on the sidelines of the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Japan. In February 2011, after the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, the United States sent an earthquake rescue team and 40 tons of supplies and other assistance to the city. In March, Clapper, the director of National Intelligence, visited New York. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the United States. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the United States. In September, New Zealand's Trade Minister and Minister for International Climate Change Negotiations, Michael Groser, visited the United States to attend the Major Economies Forum, which was attended by representatives of the world's major carbon emitters. In October, New Zealand Speaker Smith visited the United States. In November, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister Bill English attended the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Hawaii. In April 2012, the New Zealand Defense Force and the United States military held a new joint military exercise. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully and Defense Minister Coleman visited the United States and attended the NATO Chicago Summit. New Zealand Trade Minister Joseph Groser visits the United States. Us Secretary of Homeland Security Giorgio Napolitano visits Singapore. In June, New Zealand Defense Minister Coleman visited the United States and signed the Washington Declaration between the two defense ministries with U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta. U.S. Marines visit New Zealand and attend a ceremony celebrating 70 years of U.S. assistance to New Zealand. The New Zealand Navy participates in the 2012 Rim of the Pacific Military exercise organized by the United States. In September, U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta visited New Zealand. In May 2013, the fifth New Zealand Partnership Forum was held in Washington, the United States, attended by New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully, Trade Minister Stephen Groser, Defense Force Commander James Jones and US Deputy Secretary of State William Burns. Foreign Minister McCully held talks with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry. In the same month, the fourth Strategic Dialogue between Singapore and the United States was held in Washington. In July, New Zealand Trade Minister Joseph Groser visited the United States. In October, New Zealand's Defense Minister Coleman visited the United States. In February 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully announced that New Zealand would establish a Consulate-General in Hawaii. In June, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the United States. In the same month, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully went to the United States to attend the "Our Ocean" international conference hosted by US Secretary of State John Kerry. In November 2015, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key went to the Philippines to attend the leaders' meeting of the negotiating countries of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement hosted by US President Barack Obama. In June 2017, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson visited Singapore. In December 2018, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited the United States. In July and November 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited the United States twice. In January 2020, New Zealand Minister of Defense Mark visited the United States. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spoke with US President-elect Joe Biden. In the same month, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke by phone with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. In January 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke on the phone with US Secretary of State Blinken. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spoke on the phone with US President Joe Biden. In November 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited the United States. In May 2022, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited the United States, held a meeting with President Joe Biden and issued a joint statement. In August, US Deputy Secretary of State Sherman visited New Zealand. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Robertson visited the United States. In March 2023, Campbell, Coordinator for Indo-Pacific Affairs of the White House National Security Council, visited New Zealand. In June, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Conda visited New Zealand. In July, Secretary of State Blinken visited New Zealand.

The United States is New Zealand's third largest trading partner. According to Singapore's statistics, the bilateral trade volume in 2022 was S $23 billion, of which Singapore's exports amounted to S $12.3 billion and imports amounted to S $10.7 billion. The United States is New Zealand's third largest source of tourists.

Relations with Japan

The establishment of diplomatic relations in 1952. New Zealand attaches great importance to developing relations with Japan and enjoys frequent high-level contacts between the two countries. In May 2008, Prime Minister Clark of New Zealand visited Japan and the first Japan-New Zealand Partnership Forum was held in Tokyo. In May 2009, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Japan and attended the triennial Japan-Pacific Islands Forum Summit. In October, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Japan. In May 2010, New Zealand held joint military exercises with the United States and Japan. In October, New Zealand Agriculture Minister Jimmy Carter visited Japan. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Japan and attended the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting. New Zealand Fisheries Minister Heatley visited Japan. In February 2011, after the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, Japan sent an earthquake rescue team to the city and provided US $500,000 in assistance. In March, after the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear leakage disaster in Japan, New Zealand provided $800,000 in aid and sent a rescue team to Japan. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Japan. In June, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited Japan. In June 2012, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Japan. In September, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Japan. In June 2013, Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida visited Singapore. In May 2014, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited Japan. In July, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited Singapore. In March 2015, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Japan. In May 2017, New Zealand Prime Minister Bill English visited Japan. In May 2018, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Japan and attended the 8th Japan-Pacific Island Leaders' Meeting. In September 2019, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Japan. In November, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Japan to attend the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting. In December 2020, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta had a telephone conversation with his Japanese counterpart Toshimitsu Motegi. In April 2022, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Japan and met with Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. In February 2023, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Japan and met with his Japanese counterpart Yoshimasa Hayashi. In June, New Zealand Defense Minister George Little met with Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada at the 20th Shangri-La Dialogue. The two sides signed a Statement of Intent on Maritime Security, Humanitarian Assistance, disaster relief and Climate Change Defense Cooperation in the Pacific Island Countries.

New Zealand opposes Japan's scientific whaling in the South Pacific no-take zone, its increase in tuna fishing, and the shipping and dumping of nuclear waste into South Pacific waters.

Japan is New Zealand's fifth largest trading partner. The two countries have signed agreements on fisheries and civil aviation. According to Singapore's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between Singapore and Japan was 9.76 billion Singapore dollars, of which Singapore's exports amounted to 4.47 billion Singapore dollars and imports amounted to 5.29 billion Singapore dollars.

Relations with the European Union

Attaching importance to its relations with the EU. In November 2006, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy. In September 2009, Hungarian President Shoyom visited New Zealand. In December, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key went to Denmark to attend the Copenhagen climate Change Conference. In January 2010, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited Switzerland and attended the World Economic Forum in Davos. In June, Foreign Minister McCully of New Zealand went to Spain to attend the semi-annual consultation between New Zealand and the EU. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister English and Foreign Minister McCully attended the 8th Asia-Europe Summit in Brussels. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the NATO Summit on Afghanistan in Portugal. In March 2011, EU Trade Commissioner De Gucht visited New Zealand and attended the earthquake memorial event in Christchurch, New Zealand as the EU representative. In June, New Zealand Minister of Agriculture Jimmy Carter and Minister of Trade and Minister of International Negotiations on Climate Change Michael Groser visited Italy. In June 2012, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Germany, met with European Parliament President Martin Schulz in Brussels, and signed a partnership agreement with NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen. In January 2013, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited France, Switzerland and Germany and attended the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos. In February, New Zealand's Defense Minister Coleman visited Belgium, France and the United Kingdom. New Zealand's Minister of Justice and Ethnic Affairs Stephen Collins visited Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Austria. In April, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, Liechtenstein, Malta and SAN Marino. In June 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Belgium. In November, German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited New Zealand. In January 2017, Prime Minister Bill English visited the headquarters of the European Union, Germany. In August 2017, Croatian President Kitarovic visited New Zealand. In April 2018, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Germany. In April 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Norway, Denmark and Finland. In July, New Zealand's Minister for Trade and Export Growth Tony Parker visited Spain and Ireland. In February 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with German Foreign Minister Maas. In March, the new Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with Swedish Foreign Minister Lindh. In June, new Prime Minister Ardern held a video meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Alexis Sanchez. In February 2022, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta met with Swedish Foreign Minister Lindh. In June, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Spain and the EU headquarters. In July 2023, New Zealand Prime Minister John Hipkins attended the North Atlantic Vilnius Leaders' Summit and visited the EU headquarters and Sweden to witness the signing of the New Zealand-EU Free Trade Agreement.

The EU is New Zealand's fourth largest trading partner. According to New Zealand's statistics, in 2022, the trade volume between New Zealand and the EU was 20.48 billion Singapore dollars, of which New Zealand's exports amounted to 5.44 billion Singapore dollars and imports amounted to 15.04 billion Singapore dollars.

On 9 July 2023, the EU and New Zealand signed a free trade agreement in Brussels to boost bilateral trade. ^[11]

On November 27, 2023 local time, the Council of the European Union announced that the Council adopted the free Trade Agreement between the European Union and New Zealand on the same day Resolution. ^[15]

Relations with Britain

As a member of the Commonwealth, New Zealand has traditional ties with the UK in history and culture, and the two sides have frequent high-level contacts. In March 2006, British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited New Zealand. In 2007, Prime Minister Clark of New Zealand visited the UK, and Deputy Secretary of the British Parliament Peter Marne visited New Zealand. In September 2008, Britain's Princess Anne visited Singapore. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the UK. In October 2009, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Bill English visited the UK. In January 2010, Britain's Prince William visited Singapore. In June, Foreign Minister McCully and Defense Minister Mapp of New Zealand visited the UK. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Bill English visited the UK. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the UK. In January 2011, British Foreign Secretary William Hague and Defense Secretary Fox visited New Zealand. In February, after the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, the UK sent an earthquake rescue team and provided assistance to the city. In March, Britain's Prince William visited Singapore and attended the earthquake memorial service in Croatia as the Queen's representative. In April, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the UK and attended the wedding of Britain's Prince William. In June 2012, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the UK to attend Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. In January 2013, British Foreign Secretary William Hague visited Singapore. In September, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the UK. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the UK. In July 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Scotland and attended the Commonwealth Games. In February and March 2015, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key and Foreign Minister McCully visited the UK respectively. In February and July 2015, British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond and Prince Charles visited Singapore respectively. In January 2017, New Zealand Prime Minister Bill English visited the UK. In July, British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson visited New Zealand. In April 2018, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited the UK. In October, Britain's Prince Harry and his wife visited New Zealand. In April 2019, Prince William of the United Kingdom visited New Zealand to attend the Anzac Day commemorations and to visit survivors of the Christchurch shooting as the Queen's representative. In November, Britain's Prince Charles and his wife visited Singapore. In November 2020, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with British Foreign Secretary Raab on the phone. In August 2021, new Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke on the phone with British Foreign Secretary Raab. In February 2022, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited the UK. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited the UK. In May 2023, New Zealand Prime Minister John Hipkins went to Britain to attend the coronation ceremony of King Charles III and held talks with British Prime Minister David Sunak.

In March 2022, the UK and New Zealand signed a free trade agreement. In May 2023, the New UK Free Trade Agreement came into effect. According to Singapore's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume was 5.33 billion US dollars, of which the export volume of New Zealand was 2.4 billion US dollars and the import volume was 2.92 billion US dollars.

Relations with France

Relations between New France and New Zealand were strained twice by the 1985 sinking of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior by French agents in Auckland Harbour and by French nuclear tests in the South Pacific in 1995. In 1996, France announced a moratorium on nuclear testing and signed an additional Protocol to the South Pacific Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, which gradually improved relations between the two countries. In June 2004, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark went to France to attend the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the D-Day landings. In May 2010, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited France and attended the annual OECD Economic Forum in Paris. In April 2011, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited France. In March 2012, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser went to France to attend the meeting of the OECD Environment Committee in Paris. In May, New Zealand Trade Minister Michael Groser went to France to attend the meeting of the OECD Ministerial Council in Paris. In May 2013, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser went to France to attend the meeting of the OECD Ministerial Council. In September, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited France. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited France. In March 2015, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited France. In April 2018, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited France. In November, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters went to France to attend the 100th anniversary of the armistice and the Paris Peace Forum. In May 2019, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron jointly called for the fight against cyber terrorism in Paris. In May 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian on the phone. In June, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron co-hosted the Christchurch Initiative Leaders' Summit. In June 2022, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern had a phone conversation with French President Emmanuel Macron.

According to Singapore's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume was 2.26 billion US dollars, of which Singapore's exports amounted to 569.53 million US dollars and imports amounted to 1.69 billion US dollars.

Relations with ASEAN countries

It has close relations with ASEAN countries and is an ASEAN interlocutor and a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum and the East Asia Summit. Actively promote the Forum's confidence-building measures and preventive diplomacy mechanisms, and support ASEAN countries' proposals for establishing a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality in Southeast Asia and a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia. In addition to participating in the "Five Power Joint Defense" (FPDA), it has signed bilateral defense agreements with Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, and has signed a double taxation avoidance agreement with Thailand. In 2005, Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Vietnamese Prime Minister Phan Van Khai and ASEAN Secretary-General Ong Keng Vinh visited New Zealand respectively. In July, New Zealand signed the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Singapore, Chile and Brunei. In March 2006, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited the Philippines. In June, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong visited Singapore. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister Peter Peters attended the ASEAN Regional Forum Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Malaysia and signed the New Zealand-ASEAN Cooperation Framework with ASEAN. In February 2009, New Zealand signed the Australia-New Zealand-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement. In September, ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan visited Singapore. In October, New Zealand and Malaysia signed a bilateral free trade agreement. In July 2010, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Vietnam. In August, the New Zealand-Malaysia bilateral Free Trade Agreement came into force. In October, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Indonesia and Malaysia. In November, New Zealand's Commerce Minister Paul Power visited Singapore. In February 2011, after the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, Singapore sent an earthquake rescue team to the city and provided two C-130 transport aircraft to transport victims. In June, New Zealand Trade Minister Groser visited the Philippines. In December, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully announced S $500,000 in aid for the typhoon-hit southern Philippines. In April 2012, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Indonesia and Singapore. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the ASEAN Regional Forum Foreign Ministers' Meetings in Cambodia and visited Thailand and the Philippines. In September, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Timor-Leste. In October, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Malaysia and Indonesia. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the East Asia Summit in Cambodia and visited Myanmar. In the same month, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the Asia-Europe Meeting in Laos and visited Vietnam. In March 2013, Joyce, New Zealand's Minister for Economic Development, Science and Innovation, Higher Education, Training and Employment, visited Malaysia. Myanmar President U Thein Sein, Sultan of Brunei Bolkiah, Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and Vietnamese Defense Minister Phu Quang Thanh visited Singapore respectively. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Myanmar. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Thailand. In the same month, New Zealand Defense Minister Kevin Coleman visited Vietnam. In November 2014, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key announced the upgrading of diplomatic relations between New Zealand and Myanmar from the level of charge d 'affaires to ambassadorial level. In March 2015, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung visited New Zealand and signed a joint statement on strengthening the comprehensive partnership between the two countries. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key paid an official visit to Vietnam. In November 2016, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte stopped in Auckland, New Zealand, on his way back to the Philippines from the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Lima, Peru, and met with Foreign Minister McCully. In November 2017, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the 25th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Da Nang, Vietnam, and the East Asia Summit in Manila, Philippines. In October 2018, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Indonesia and Thailand. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the East Asia Summit in Singapore. In March 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Malaysia and Indonesia. In May, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Singapore. In July, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peters of New Zealand attended a series of foreign ministers' meetings on East Asia cooperation in Bangkok, Thailand. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the East Asia Summit in Bangkok. In the same month, New Zealand's Defence Minister, Mark, visited Singapore and Thailand and attended the 6th ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus in Bangkok. In February 2020, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited India. In March, the trade ministers of New Zealand and Singapore issued a joint statement on ensuring unimpeded supply chains. In the same month, Brunei, Myanmar, Australia and other countries joined the above-mentioned Joint Statement. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended a video summit commemorating the 45th anniversary of New Zealand-ASEAN relations. In the same month, New Zealand signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Japan, South Korea and Australia. In March 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta had telephone calls with Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno, Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh, Singapore Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan and Malaysian Foreign Minister Hishammuddin Hishammuddin. In April, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke on the phone with East Timorese Foreign Minister Adalgiza. In June, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta had a telephone conversation with Brunei's Foreign Minister in charge, Khalid Irowan. In August, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta had a telephone conversation with Philippine Foreign Minister Locin. In October, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta held a video meeting with Singapore Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan and spoke by phone with Malaysian Foreign Minister Saifuddin. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Indonesia. In February 2022, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta met with Timor-Leste Foreign Minister Adalgiza. In April, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Singapore. In June, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta met with Singaporean Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan and Malaysian Foreign Minister Saifuddin on the sidelines of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Rwanda. In August, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Malaysia. In September, Vietnamese Foreign Minister Phu Thanh visited New Zealand. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Vietnam. In July 2023, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta went to Indonesia to attend the annual Foreign Ministers' Meeting of the East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum. In August, New Zealand's Minister for Trade and Export Growth, Stephen O 'Connor, visited India.

Asean is an important trading partner for New Zealand and an important source of foreign investment. According to statistics from New Zealand, in 2022, the trade volume between New Zealand and ASEAN was S $27.27 billion, of which New Zealand's exports were S $9.66 billion and its imports were S $17.61 billion.

Relations with Pacific Island countries

It maintains close traditional relations with the island countries, establishes diplomatic relations with all independent island countries, maintains free contact with the Cook Islands and Niue, and prioritizes the island countries as foreign aid. We attach importance to and play an important role in the role of the Pacific Islands Forum and other regional organizations. On defense, China has signed "mutual assistance programs" with Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and other countries to help train their militaries and conduct joint military exercises. Together with Australia, it is responsible for maritime patrols in some Pacific economic zones. In April 2006, troops were sent to intervene in the Solomon Islands riots. In May, troops were sent to East Timor for peacekeeping operations. In October, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark attended the 37th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Fiji. In November, the military and police were sent to Tonga to help maintain order. After the coup in Fiji in December, it declared that it did not recognize the interim government of the Fiji military and imposed sanctions on Fiji. In October 2007, Prime Minister Clark of New Zealand went to Tonga to attend the 38th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting and visited Niue. In August 2008, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark attended the 39th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Niue. In January 2009, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key went to Papua New Guinea to attend the Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Special Meeting on Fiji. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Tonga, Samoa, Niue and the Cook Islands. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the 40th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Cairns, Australia. In November, New Zealand and Fiji expelled diplomats and closed diplomatic posts in each other's countries. In February 2010, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Fiji. In April, Prime Minister Somare visited Papua New Guinea. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the 41st Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Vanuatu. In December, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the Cook Islands. In February 2011, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully went to Vanuatu to attend the Ministerial Group meeting of the Pacific Islands Forum and Fiji. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Tonga and the Cook Islands. In June, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. In July, King Tupou V of Tonga visited New Zealand. New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visits Tonga, Samoa, the Cook Islands and Niue. In September, the 42nd Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting and the 23rd Post-Forum Dialogue were held in Auckland, New Zealand. In January 2012, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited the Solomon Islands. In February, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited the Cook Islands. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully met with Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr and Fijian Foreign Minister Khumbuambora in Sydney, Australia. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the 43rd Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in the Cook Islands. In October, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Papua New Guinea. In December, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited the Marshall Islands, Kiribati and Tuvalu. In February 2013, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited the Solomon Islands. In March, the Pacific Energy Summit was held in Auckland, New Zealand. In April, the New Zealand Parliament hosted the first Pacific Parliamentary and Political Leaders Forum. In May, New Zealand Defense Minister Kevin Coleman attended the first South Pacific Defense Ministers' Meeting in Tonga. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited the Solomon Islands and attended the 10th anniversary of the Regional Resident Assistance Mission. In August, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully Samoa, Cook Islands. In the same month, Prime Minister O 'Neill of Papua New Guinea visited Singapore. In September, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the 44th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in the Marshall Islands. In February 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Fiji and the Cook Islands. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully, on behalf of New Zealand Prime Minister John Key, went to the Cook Islands to attend a special meeting of Pacific Island leaders. In May, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Samoa, Tonga and Niue. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully, on behalf of New Zealand Prime Minister John Key, attended the 45th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Palau. In August, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Fiji. In September 2014, New Zealand sent members to participate in the multinational observation mission to Fiji's general election. New Foreign Minister McCully congratulated Fiji on the successful holding of the general election and the election of Fiji's First Party leader Voreqe Bainimarama as Prime Minister of Fiji. In November, New Zealand's Defence Minister Brownlee visited Fiji. In February 2015, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Tonga. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the 50th anniversary celebration of Cook Islands Constitution Day. In May 2017, New Zealand Foreign Minister Brownlee visited Tonga and Fiji. In March 2018, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Samoa, Niue, Tonga and the Cook Islands. In September, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the 49th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Nauru. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the 26th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Papua New Guinea. In February 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Fiji, Tuvalu and Kiribati. In May, Vanuatu Prime Minister Salvi visited New Zealand. In June, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Solomon Islands. In the same month, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited the Cook Islands and attended the New Zealand-Cook Islands Ministerial Consultations. In July, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peters of New Zealand attended the Pacific Islands Forum Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Fiji. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the 50th Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Tuvalu. In October, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Papua New Guinea. In December, Tonga's Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Pohiva visited New Zealand. In the same month, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Samoa. In February 2020, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Fiji. In the same month, Prime Minister Malape of Papua New Guinea visited New Zealand. In November, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke by phone with Cook Islands Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Gordon Brown and Niue Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Tagraj. In February 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta attended the Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Special Meeting by video. In March, Cook Islands Prime Minister Gordon Brown visited New Zealand and met with New Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. In April, new Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with Kiribati President Mamao. In May, the new Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with Tonga Prime Minister Pohiva. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spoke with Samoa's new Prime Minister Fiamey. In August, new Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the Pacific Islands Forum leaders' video conference. In March 2022, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Fiji. In June, Samoan Prime Minister Fiamey visited New Zealand. In July, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern attended the 51st Pacific Islands Forum Leaders' Meeting in Fiji, and New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta met with Tonga Foreign Minister Utoikamanu in Fiji. In August, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern visited Samoa. New Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Niue and Tonga. In September, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited Papua New Guinea. In October, Foreign Minister Manele of Solomon Islands visited Singapore. In April 2023, New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister and Associate Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pacific) Seproni visited the Solomon Islands, Fiji and Tonga. In May, New Zealand Prime Minister John Hipkins visited Papua New Guinea to attend the US-Pacific Summit. In June, Prime Minister Lambuka of Fiji visited New Zealand and met with Prime Minister Hipkins.

According to New Zealand's statistics, in 2022, the total trade between New Zealand and Pacific Islands Forum members other than Australia was S $3.09 billion, of which New Zealand's exports were S $1.99 billion and imports were S $1.09 billion.

Relations with South Korea and North Korea

Close ties with South Korea. In December 2006, President Roh Moo-hyun visited Singapore and signed the Partnership Agreement for the 21st Century. In March 2009, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak visited Singapore. In June, the two countries held the first round of FTA negotiations. In July 2010, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited South Korea. In March 2012, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key attended the Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and visited South Korea. In September, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited the ROK. In November, two South Korean warships visited New Zealand. In July 2013, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Seoul, South Korea, to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the armistice that ended the Korean War. In December, New Zealand's Trade Minister Groser and South Korea's Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy Yoon Sang-jik announced the resumption of negotiations on a free trade agreement between the two countries during the East Asia Economic and Trade Ministers' Meeting in Bali, Indonesia. In July 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited South Korea. In November, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key announced that New Zealand and South Korea had completed bilateral free trade negotiations. In March 2015, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited South Korea and signed the New Korea Free Trade Agreement. In December 2018, South Korean President Moon Jae-in visited Singapore. In October 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited the ROK. In December 2020, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with his ROK counterpart Kang Kyung-wha. In May 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke with his ROK counterpart Chung Eui-yong on the phone. In May 2023, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta attended the first Korea-Pacific Islands Summit in South Korea.

According to New Zealand's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between New Zealand and South Korea was 8.2 billion US dollars, of which New Zealand's exports were 2.91 billion US dollars and imports were 5.29 billion US dollars.

On 26 March 2001, diplomatic relations with North Korea were officially established at ambassadorial level. In August, the ambassador to South Korea was appointed to serve as ambassador to North Korea. We are concerned about the Korean nuclear issue, urge the DPRK to give up its nuclear program, and hope that the international community will work together to resolve the Korean nuclear issue through peaceful means at an early date. In July 2006, New Zealand Foreign Minister Peter Peters issued a statement condemning North Korea's nuclear test. In August 2007, the New Zealand government, through the International Committee of the Red Cross, provided the DPRK with S $500,000 in disaster relief funds for reconstruction work after heavy rains and floods. In July 2008, New Zealand Foreign Minister Peter Peters announced a S $500,000 grant to the United Nations to address food shortages in North Korea. In April 2009, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully issued a statement condemning North Korea's satellite launch. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully issued another statement condemning the DPRK's nuclear test. In May and November 2010, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully issued statements condemning the DPRK for the Cheonan incident and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island. In December 2011, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key commented on the death of the supreme leader of the DPRK Kim Jong-Il, hoping for a smooth transfer of political power in the DPRK and looking forward to an improvement in the lives of the DPRK people in the future. In April and December 2012, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully strongly condemned North Korea's satellite launch twice. In February 2013, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully strongly condemned North Korea's nuclear test. In February 2016, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully strongly condemned North Korea's satellite launch. In October 2016, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key said that Kim Jong UN's government insisted on conducting nuclear tests, which is a great threat to the Korean Peninsula and the world. In November 2017, New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters condemned North Korea's third nuclear test. In December, New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters said that New Zealand supports the UN Security Council to adopt a DPRK-related resolution to impose tougher sanctions on the DPRK. In March 2018, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters said that New Zealand firmly supports all parties to achieve the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula through diplomatic means, and welcomes the DPRK-US and DPRK-ROK dialogues. In April, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters said that New Zealand welcomed the signing of the Panmunjom Declaration between the DPRK and the ROK. In October 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters said during his visit to the ROK that the DPRK's frequent ballistic missile tests violated the Security Council resolutions. In February 2020, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said that New Zealand is concerned about the DPRK's continued development of nuclear tests and ballistic missile programs, will continue to implement sanctions against the DPRK, and encourage the DPRK to adhere to dialogue and consultation and take concrete steps to achieve final, complete and verifiable denuclearization.

Relations with Russia

Actively developing relations with Russia. In April 2004, the two countries held a series of activities to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties. New Zealand Speaker Jeremy Hunt visits Russia. In June, New Zealand announced a $1 million investment to build a chemical weapons elimination facility in Russia. In January 2008, the Chairman of the Joint Council of the House of Representatives of the Russian Federation visited New Zealand. In June 2010, New Zealand launched free trade negotiations with Russia. In January 2012, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Singapore. In September, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Russia. In October 2013, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Russia. In March 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully expressed concern about the situation in Ukraine and called on the United Nations Security Council to take a leadership role in preventing tensions between Russia and Ukraine. In July 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully expressed concern about the crash of Malaysia Airlines MH17 and called for a full investigation into the incident. In August 2016, New Zealand Foreign Minister Milley visited Russia. In November 2017, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters held official talks with Russian Foreign Minister Lavro on the sidelines of the APEC Ministerial Meeting and the East Asia Summit. In March 2022, New Zealand passed the Russia Sanctions Act, which imposes sanctions on relevant Russian individuals and entities.

According to Singapore's statistics, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between New Zealand and Russia was 124.6 million Singapore dollars, of which the export volume of New Zealand was 99.21 million Singapore dollars and the import volume was 25.39 million Singapore dollars.

Relations with Latin America

Focusing on Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Brazil, we will actively develop economic and trade relations and promote education exports. In July 2005, New Zealand signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Singapore, Chile and Brunei. In March 2006, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited Chile. In November, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet visited New Zealand. In September 2007, Mexican President Felipe Calderon visited New Zealand. In November, Uruguayan President Vazquez visited New Zealand. In January 2010, the Government of New Zealand provided S $2 million in assistance to the Government of Haiti in response to the earthquake. In March, New Zealand signed a renewable energy cooperation agreement with Mexico. In June, Chilean Energy Minister Bernard visited New Zealand. In October, New Zealand's Trade Minister and Minister for International climate change negotiations, Michael Groser, visited Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico. In March 2011, New Zealand's Trade Minister and Minister for International Climate Change negotiations, Michael Groser, visited Mexico. In March 2013, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. In May, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and attended the meeting of CARICOM Foreign Ministers. New Zealand Trade Minister Michael Groser attends the Pacific Alliance Ministerial Meeting and Summit in Colombia. In September, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In May 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the Caribbean Community Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Guyana and visited Cuba. In April 2015, New Zealand Economic Development Minister Joyce visited Chile, Colombia and Brazil. In June 2017, New Zealand Foreign Minister Brownlee visited Cuba and Colombia. In November 2018, Chilean President Sebastian Pinera visited New Zealand. In July 2019, New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peter Peters visited Chile and Peru.

Mexico is New Zealand's largest trading partner in Latin America. According to statistics from New Zealand, the bilateral trade volume between New Zealand and Mexico in 2022 was S $3.24 billion, of which New Zealand's exports were S $1.45 billion and its imports were S $1.79 billion.

Relations with Africa

We are optimistic about the development potential of the African continent, promote all-round development of relations with South Africa, and attach importance to relations with Egypt. In November 2007, New Zealand Prime Minister Clark visited Egypt. In June 2010, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visited South Africa. In September 2011, New Zealand's Trade Minister and Minister for International Climate Change Negotiations, Michael Groser, visited South Africa to attend the ministerial preparatory meeting for the United Nations Climate Change Conference. In December, New Zealand's Trade Minister and International Climate Change Negotiation Minister Groser and Climate Change Affairs Minister Smith attended the Durban Climate Change Conference in South Africa. In January 2013, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Ethiopia. In March, Foreign Minister McCully of New Zealand attended the meeting of the Council of the League of Arab States at the summit level in Egypt. In April, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Mauritius and Mozambique. In July, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully visited Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Seychelles. In December, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key went to South Africa to attend Mandela's funeral. In January 2014, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the African Union Summit in Ethiopia. In June, New Zealand Foreign Minister Stephen McCully visited Ghana. In January 2015, New Zealand Foreign Minister McCully attended the African Union Summit in Ethiopia. In April 2021, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta spoke on the phone with South Africa's Minister of International Relations and Cooperation Pandol. In June 2022, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta met with Rwandan President Paul Kagame and Sierra Leone Foreign Minister Francis on the sidelines of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Rwanda. In August 2023, New Zealand Foreign Minister Mahuta visited South Africa and met with his South African counterpart.

travel

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EDITOR

New Zealand is an island country with natural beauty everywhere, mountains, volcanoes and endless coastlines, bays and rainforests. In addition to the capital Wellington and the largest city Auckland, the famous tourist cities are Queenstown in the South Island, and Taupo and Rotorua in the North Island.

Main attraction

Queenstown, New Zealand

Wellington (Wellington)	Auckland (Auckland)
Queenown (Queenstown)	Mount Eden (Mount Eden)
Maori cultural village (Maori village)	Auckland Sky Tower (Sky Tower)
Harbour bridge (Harbour Bridge)	Mount John Observatory (Mount John Observatory)
Kapiti Island (Kapiti Island)	Wellington Botanic Gardens (Wellington Botanic Garden)
Hot Springs (Hot Spring City)	East Garillo National Park (Tongariro National Park)
The Hobbit Village (Hobbit Village)	Waiotapu Geothermal World (Wai-O-Tapu Thermal Wonderland)
Waitomo Glowworm Cave (Waitomo Caves)	Tunnel beach (Tunnel Beach)
Hell's Gate Geothermal Park (Hells Gate Geothermal Park)	Kelitaton Underwater World (Kelly Tatton Underwater World)
Egmont National Park (Egmont National Park)	Urehuila National Park (TeUrewera National Park)
East Garillo National Park (Tongalilo National Park)	Wanganui National Park (Whanganui National Park)
Abel Tasman National Park (Abel Tasmen National Park)	Arthur's Pass National Park (Arthur's Pass National Park)
Mount Cook National Park (Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park)	Fiordland National Park (Fiordland National Park)
Kahurangi National Park (Kahulangi National Park)	Mount Aspiring National Park (Mt. Aspiling National Park)
Nelson Lakes National Park (Nelson Lakes National Park)	Papalova National Park (Papaloa National Park)
Western National Park (Westland/Tai Poutini National Park)	Reciola National Park (Lakiula National Park)

Cultural heritage

World cultural and natural heritage
Tongariro National Park (1990, 1993)	New Zealand Subantarctic Islands (1998)
World natural Heritage
Tiwahipunamu - Southwest New Zealand (1990) includes four national parks: Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, Fiordland National Park, Mount Esperine National Park and Westland Taiputini National Park.

Honor received

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EDITOR

In December 2023, he received the "Fossil Award" at the twenty-eighth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. ^[16]

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