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Republic of Slovenia (
Slovenian
: Republika Slovenija; The Republic of Slovenia is located in south-central Europe,
Balkan Peninsula
Northwest end. West to
Italy
, our Northern neighbor
Austria
and
Hungary
East and south alike
Croatia
Bordering, southwest
The Adriatic Sea
. The coastline is 46.6 km long. It covers an area of 20,300 square kilometers. Triglav is the highest mountain in the territory at 2864 meters above sea level. The most famous lake is Bled Lake. The climate is divided into mountain climate, continental climate and Mediterranean climate. The average temperature in summer is 21.3℃, the average temperature in winter is -0.6℃, and the average annual temperature is 10.7℃. The country is divided into 12 regions with 212 municipal administrative units, the capital of which is Ljubljana.
Slovenia has a population of 2,120,900.
[30]
From the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Slovenia was in
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
Under the rule of... In December 1918, Slovenia and
Serbia
,
Croatia
Jointly established
Kingdom of Serbo-Croat-Slovenia
,
[2]
It was renamed in 1929
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
. 1945 became
Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
One of
Joining republic
. Independence was declared on 25 June 1991. Joined in March 2004
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
It was added on May 1 of the same year
European Union
. It joined the European Union on 21 December 2007
Schengen area
.
[2]
Slovenia has a good industrial and technological foundation, a modern economy and industrial structure, and has certain advantages in the fields of automobile manufacturing, high and new technology, electrical, pharmaceutical and so on. It joined the euro on 1 January 2007. 2022
Gross domestic product
: 58.9 billion euros,
Gross domestic product per capita
: €28,000, GDP growth rate: 5.4%.
[27]
- Chinese name
- Republic of Slovenia [2]
- Foreign name
- The Republic of Slovenia [2]
- Abbreviated form
- Slovenia
- continent
- Europe
- capital
- Ljubljana [2]
- National Day
- June 25, 1991
- National song
- Toasting Song
- Country code
- SVN
- Official language
- Slovenian [1]
- currency
- Euro [1]
- Time zone
- UTC+1
- Political system
- A parliamentary republic
- National leader
- Natasha Piltz Musall [17] (President) , Robert Golub (Prime Minister)
- Population number
- 2,120,900 [28] [30]
- Population density
- 103.2 people/km2 [11] (2020)
- Major nationality
- Slovenians
- Major religion
- Catholicism [1]
- Land area
- 20300 km²
- Water area ratio
- 0.7%
- Total GDP
- 58.9 billion euros [2] [27] (2022)
- Per capita GDP
- 28,000 euros [2] [27] (2022)
- International telephone area code
- 386
- International domain name abbreviation
- .si
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- National tree
- Tilia heartleaf
- Largest city
- Ljubljana
- Leading institution
- University of Ljubljana , University of Maribor
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- 5National symbol
- ▪Country name
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6Population nationality
- ▪population
- ▪nation
- ▪race
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪judiciary
- ▪government
- ▪Political party
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪summarize
- ▪industry
- ▪agriculture
- ▪Service industry
- ▪finance
Koper Harbor
The national territory Of the Slovenes was defined in the 6th century and extended to its peak in the 9th century, from the Bay Of Tlieste to the Gulf of Trieste
Danube
South (Danube River) and
Lake Balaton
West of Lake Balaton. The national territory of the Slovenes was subsequently Germanized in the west and in the north
Hungarians
The territorial boundaries of Slovenia were fixed in the 15th century and remained unchanged until the mid-19th century.
River view of Maribor
Until the end of the 7th century, the Slavs in this region were under Avar rule. In the period between 623 and 658, Slavic tribes between the lower Elbe and the Karavanco Mountains established their first states under the leadership of the Grand Duke of Samo. The Grand Duchy collapsed after Samo's death, but a Carantanian duchy remains in the area of present-day Carinthia. In the middle of the 7th century, it developed into the first Slovenian state, ruled by Prince Valuk, with its centre in Maria. The Krn Kastle Castle next to Malia Saal.
After forming an alliance with the Bavarians and fighting the Avars, the Slovenes had to accept Frankish rule and embrace Christianity in the mid-8th century. In 803, The ecclesiastical region was divided along The Delaware River into the Archdiocese Of Salzburg and The Patriarchate Of Aquileia, a division that lasted until the 18th century. The kingdom of Avar collapsed in the early 9th century, and the Slovenes expanded from the Alpine region into the Lower Pannonian Plain and Istlia.
It was divided in 843
Frankish kingdom
(Flankish States)
The Treaty of Verdun
After The Tleaty Of Veldun, all Slovenes were united under Frankish rule. Around 840, Prince Plibina acquired The feudal domain from The Franks, with the Citadel Of Balaton at The Mouth Of The Zala River on the edge of Lake Balaton at its center. Influenced by The Byzantine Missionaries Cyril and Methodius, Pribina's successor Kozej alienated himself from the Frankish bishops and established an independent duchy. The last Slovenian state lost its freedom in 874, as a result of peace with the Molavians and the Germans, and Slovenes practiced the worship of God in Latin and foreign culture prevailed for 1,000 years.
At the end of the 9th century, the so-called "Kingdom of Carantania" appeared in a special form as a principality in the territory surrounding the headwaters of the Drava River to the Danube and Kopla rivers. During this period, the Hungarians began to enter the Pannonian Plain, settling permanently in this region in 896 and settling in
Sislav
And the Yugoslavs.
After the Hungarians' defeat at Lechfeld in 955, The Bavarian and Kalantanian Slovenes settled eastwards on the Laba River, Sotla River, and Krka River The central zone between the River and the Copra River and permanently defined the ethnic border between Slovenes and Croats (Kloats) and Hungarians.
At the end of the 10th century, Kalantanija was separated from Bavaria, but soon the kingdom of Greater Kalantanija collapsed on Slovenian territory under the pressure of having established a comprehensive feudal system.
From the 12th century onwards, the Slovenian lands were divided into several historical provinces - Kalinthia, Stylia, Karniola and later Golizia.
The Slovenian territories in the Austrian region were in a state of decline by the 13th century. The Germanic colonies had penetrated deep into the Villach Basin of Carinthia, Styria, and the West
Graz
The Glaz Basin, The Sola River Flood Plain in Carnola, and the Sola River Flood Plain
Italian
The colony had dominated the Friurian Lowlands.
A new wave of Germanic colonization began from the north, and in the 15th century, The ethnic boundaries of the Slovenes are limited to Hermagor, Mount Doblatsch, Virak, Mariassar, and Saualpe Mountain in the Gail Valley The area between Lange, Mount Kozjak, Ladgona (ladkersburg) and the Kucnika River was preserved until the middle of the 19th century.
From about 1500 onwards,
The House of Habsburg
He managed to take control of the Slovenian settlement and ruled the area until 1918. Styria, Carnola, Istria, and later Gorigia were merged into Inner Austlia, and in The first half Of the 15th century, The Prince Of Celje overran the Hapsburg, But the Habsburgs then inherited their lands after the demise of the Zerti family. Head of the House of Habsburg
Frederick I
(Fledelick I) and King Matthias of Hungary and Croatia. During The Ten Year War of Matthias Kolvinus (1479-1489), a large part of the Slovenian territory was in Hungarian hands, which Matthias successfully defended against
Turk
By attacking and supporting the peasants, he became a Slovenian
National hero
.
After Bosnia fell to the Turks in 1463, the Turks carried out several invasions of Slovene settlements, killing and capturing about a third of the Slovenes. The relations between the peasants and the landlords deteriorated to the utmost in the large-scale peasant uprisings (1478, 1515, 1573).
In the late 16th century,
Reformation
Reformation led to the emergence of the first Slovenian books, public libraries, printing plants, and boarding schools. The Kounter-Reformatino (Counter-Reformation) began at the end of the century,
Protestantism
Preachers and scholars either returned to the Catholic faith or left the region. All Protestant organizations were destroyed. In Ljubljana, more than 750 wealthy bourgeois and aristocratic families were forced to leave the Slovenian region. The Protestants who remained in the area lived between the Mura River and the Raba River. Due to the success of the Counter-Reformation, the influence of Germanic culture in the region declined, while the influence of Italian and Baloque culture increased.
The House of Habsburg
The territory was taken by the Turks at the end of the 17th century
Danube
The zone prospered when it withdrew altogether. Commercial roads are connected throughout the Slovenian region
Vienna
(Vienna) and
Rijeka
(Lijeka) and
Trieste
. Freedom of navigation on the Adriatic Sea was granted in 1717, and Trieste became a free port in 1769. After a series of reforms by the head of the Habsburg family, Malia Thelesa, a Slovenian National Revival Movement was born, and the various regions of Slovenia were more closely linked thanks to a single market and transport system. Slovenian is spoken in schools,
Joseph II
When Joseph Ii succeeded Theresa, he introduced compulsory education. Anton Tomaz Linhart, through his research on the history of the Slovenian nation composed of people living between the Drava River and the Adriatic Sea, fought for the establishment of schools and public libraries in Slovenia and a university in Ljubljana. As a result of Dalmateen's successful translation of the Bible, Jansenist scholars once again noted the unity of the Slovenian language.
In 1797, the French army under the command of Napoleon forced the Austrian army to surrender. After the Treaty Of Kampo Formio, Austria gained a post-collapse state
Republic of Venice
(Venetian Republik) and the united regions of Istlia Slovenia and Venetian Slovenia. After the French occupation Of Slovenia for the third time in 1809, the Illyrian Province was formed through the Treaty Of Schonblunn, which incorporated Slovenia. The provincial capital and administrative center was in Ljubljana, but the period of French rule in Slovenia (1809-1813) was a heavy blow to Slovenian commerce, especially Trieste because of Napoleon's Kontinental System policy against Britain.
But the French-style rule, on the other hand, modernized the administration of the government and spread it in the primary and upper schools
Slovenian
This subsequently affected the Austrian education system as well. After the end of the French occupation, under the rule of Metternich, most Slovenes came under the rule of the German Union (1815-1866). German is again used in schools and government offices. A new Slovenian conception of the nation was born among the intellectuals, led by Matljjakob. The unity of Flance Pleselen and the national conception of the public.
The European revolutions of 1848 saw the formation of the nationalist "United Slovenia" movement. The movement first appeared in Klagenfurt (also known as Matija). matija Majer then attracted intellectual groups and students in Vienna, and developed to Graz and Ljubljana. It calls for the promotion of the Slovenian language in schools and government, will
Austrian Empire
The ruling Slovenes were united and respected their national identity in the historic provinces where Slovenes lived. Despite the despotism of the Austrian Empire in Franz. But the Slovenian language is still gradually being used again in schools in the Slovenian region and as a subject of instruction in secondary schools. In order to strengthen the northern borders of the Slovenian region, it was necessary to relocate the papacy of the Lavantine Diocese in the region, moving the papacy from St.Andlew to Malibor, a work undertaken by Bishop Anton. It was completed by Anton Martin Slomsek in 1859. The national idea of a "united Slovenia" flourished from 1861 in literary clubs in all the big cities, especially in the period 1863-1871 at the Tabol, large outdoor gatherings of the masses.
In 1892, the conservatives founded the Kaceolic National Party, while the liberals founded the National Party in 1894. Janez Klek organized the Agrikultural Kooperative and the Lural Self-Help Association, leading the farmers' political party. All Slovenian political parties were confronted with the question of the political future of Slovenia and Yugoslavia within the political framework of Austlia-Hungalia experimentalism.
Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia
The Yugoslav Social Demokratic Party (Yugoslav Social Demokratic Party) made the unification Of all southern Slavs its ultimate political goal in the Tivoli Revolution Of 1909. This goal is supported by the free-thinking younger generation of the Renaissence Movement.
3% of the Slovenian population was in the First World War
Austro-hungarian Empire
Casualties in combat. In 1917, the Austrian region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Yugoslavia
In the May Deklaration, the delegates called for the unification of the Slovenes, Serbs and Croats under the House of Habsburg into an independent, democratic state. In the same year, Slovenian political parties collected 200,000 signatures in support of the declaration
National self-determination
The basic principles separated the Slovenian region from Austria and created a common state comprising Slovenes, Serbs and Croats. In mid-August 1918, representatives of all Slovenian political parties agreed to establish a party in Anton in Ljubljana. National Assembly of Anton Klosec to achieve self-determination and establish a Yugoslav state. On 31 October, Krosach appointed the Slovene, Croat and Serbian National Government of Ljubljana as the supreme authority of the Slovene, Croat and Serb state, which was subsequently established on 1 December 1918
Kingdom of Serbia
(Kingdom Of Serbia).
with
University of Ljubljana
With the establishment Of the University Of Ljubljana in 1919, Slovenians were given a central educational and scientific research system, while Radio Ljubljana and the Slovene National Theartre were established. The National Academy of Fine Arts (Nationalgalley) and the University Library (University Library) became the key culture. Since joint
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
After its establishment, a number of independent Slovenian political parties fought for the creation of an independent Slovenian state, but this goal was hampered by the Constitution of 1931. The interwar period was a period of rapid commercial and industrial development in Slovenia, and the rural population fell from two-thirds to half.
After the German invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, the country was quickly divided into several parts. The new Croatian puppet state separated Slovenia from the remaining territory of Yugoslavia. On April 12, 1941,
Hitler
Determined to subdivide a Slovenian state into German, Italian and Hungarian subdivisions. A popular Resistance Movement led to the formation of the Liberation Front, whose mission was to unify the Slovenian territories and reject any plans to destroy the Slovenian state by force. Due to the communist leadership in the military resistance, the Slovenes were soon divided.
In the Ljubljana region and in cooperation with the Nazis, a brutal struggle began within the nation. In late 1943, the Allies recognized the Slovenian partisans as their Allies in the struggle against fascism. That same year, the Freedom Front organized a Slovenian congress in Kocevje, which passed a resolution to unite Slovenia, which had regained its coastline, in a new Yugoslav federation. Slovenes who cooperated with the Nazis were unable to eliminate the guerrilla movement until the end of the war and were subsequently excluded from national life. The British extradited defeated and Nazi-cooperating Slovenian troops who fled to Carinthia to the Yugoslav army, most of whom were executed by the Yugoslav army.
In the period 1945-1990, Slovenia was another
Federal Yugoslavia
An independent Socialist Republik within the Federal Yugoslavia, with the right to independence. After the Paris Peace Conference, Slovenia joined the Slovenian Coastal Region Organization in 1947, and in the London Memorandum of 1954, became a member of the Free Trade Zone of Trieste in addition to Trieste. The western border of Slovenia and Yugoslavia marked the bloc division of Europe, while its border with Hungary marked the true Iron Kurtain. Despite the initial concentration of power in the hands of the Communists, Slovenia strengthened its own national culture and educational system and later its economic independence. The voices calling for Slovenian independence come from the Slovenian minority in neighboring countries (about 10% of the Slovenian population) and from Slovenes who have migrated abroad (about 20% of the Slovenian population). In order to maintain contact with Slovenes from all over the world, Slovenia has an independent policy towards its neighbours' ethnic Slovenes and towards its own emigrants.
Since 1967 Slovenia has been a member of the trade zones of Austria Carinthia and Friuli-Venetzia, Italy, and Albi in 1978. The Alpe-Adria trade zone. In the late 1960s, a new Yugoslav constitution increased the role of nationalists and limited the jurisdiction of the Union, increasing the sovereignty of the republics.
In 1991, after 10 days of fighting with the Yugoslav army and the collapse of the Yugoslav Federation, Slovenia became a sovereign and independent country, it held a democratic election,
Multi-party system
India's parliament was established by a new constitution. To compensate for its loss of market share in Yugoslavia, more than two thirds of Slovenian products were exported to the European Union. The country's large state-owned companies have almost completely disintegrated, industrial production has declined, previously high levels of employment have turned into high unemployment (14 per cent), the economy is in a state of depression, and strikes are widespread. However, with the completion of the privatization process, the country's transition period ended and the economic environment improved. Slovenia in accession
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
and
European Union
After that, it became a rich developed country.
[4]
On 28 October 2015, he was elected a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council for a term from 2016 to 2018.
[5]
On June 6, 2023 local time, members of the United Nations General Assembly voted at the UN headquarters in New York to elect non-permanent members of the Security Council for the 2024-2025 period. Four new members, including Slovenia, will take over from Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana and the United Arab Emirates on January 1, 2024.
[25 to 26]
Map of Slovenia
Slovenian Littoral
Mediterranean climate
Landlocked
Temperate continental climate
. The average temperature is -2°C in January and 21°C in July.
[1]
Landforms of Slovenia
Slovenia has an average elevation of 557 m above sea level and its highest peak is
Triglav Hill
(Triglav), 2864 meters above sea level. About half of Slovenia's area (10,124 km2) is covered by forests, and as of 2014 Slovenia is the third most forested country in Europe
Finland
and
Sweden
After. There are also native forests that still exist in the country.
regionalization
The capital, Ljubljana
capital
Ljubljana is the capital and the political and cultural center of the Republic of Slovenia. northwest
Sava
Upstream, in the basin surrounded by mountains, there is a lot of fog. It has an area of 902 km2 and a population of 287,000 (2022).
[1]
Republic of Slovenia (English: The Republic of Slovenia; Slovenian: Republika Slovenija, short for Slovenia.
Flag of Slovenia
Vlajka Slovinska is rectangular in shape, with a 2:1 ratio of length to width. The flag is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, white, blue and red from top to bottom. The national emblem is painted on the upper left corner of the flag. Slovenia declared independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991 and became an independent sovereign state, and officially adopted the flag on June 27, 1991. The color of the flag is derived from the coat of arms of Kraniska and is not a pan-Slavic color.
When Slovenia joined the United Kingdom of Serbo-Croat-Slovenia in 1918, it adopted the tricolour as its flag. After it became an independent sovereign state in 1991, it adopted the tricolor flag with the national emblem (mountain and six-pointed star) on the top left. White symbolizes the infinite yearning and longing for peace and holiness; Blue symbolizes the people as free and broad mind as the sea; Red symbolizes the courage and the immortal soul of the people in their struggle for independence and national sovereignty. The mountain on the national emblem inside the flag is the country's highest peak, Mount Triglav, at 2,864 meters above sea level.
Coat of arms of Slovenia
All nations, blessed by God, shall work ceaselessly for that light, when the earth shall dwell, and war and strife shall no longer afflict; Long enjoy the freedom, no enemies, only good neighbors! Long enjoy the freedom, no enemies, only good neighbors! There are only good neighbors on the frontier!
Population of Slovenia
2,120,900.
[32]
The main ethnic group is the Slovenian, accounting for about 83%. Ethnic minorities include Hungarians, Italians and others. The official language is Slovenian. The population is predominantly Catholic.
[2]
Slovenians: Slovenes are generally believed to be descended from the ancient Slavs. Around 570 AD, The Slavic Tlibes began to form tribes
Alps
Alps and Alps
The Adriatic Sea
(The Adliatic Sea) between the area inhabited. In the period from 623 to 658, above
Elbe
The Slavic tribes of the region between The Upper Elbe River and the Kalavanke Mountains united under the leadership of King Samo to form their first state (the Grand Duchy of Samo). This tribal alliance disintegrated after the death of Grand Duke Samo.
But a smaller Slavic state, the Duchy Of Kalantania or kalantanija (today kalinthia), with its centre in Carinthia (most of which was in Austria), survived. It was the first country founded by Slovenes. From the east
Avars
(Avals) strong pressure on the Kalinthians in 745 and
Bavaria
People (Bavalians) form an alliance and subsequently they recognize
Franks
Suzerainty (Flankish) and adopted Christianity in the 8th century. The last independent Slavic state in the region, The Principality Of Prince Kocelj, existed from 869-874, but lost its independence in 874. The national territory of the Slovenes was then in the west
The Germans
(Gelmans) swallowed and followed
Hungarians
(Hungalians) arrive
The plains of Pannonia
The Pannonian Plain, which was gradually fixed until the 15th century.
Since independence, Slovenia has been a parliamentary democracy. Early parliamentary elections were held in Slovenia in December 2011. In February 2012, the president of the second largest party, the Slovenian Democratic Party, Janez JAN, formed A government and became Prime Minister. In December, Slovenia held a presidential election in which former Prime Minister Borut PAHOR was elected as the new president. In March 2013, the Parliament passed a no-confidence motion against Jansa, and the Jansa government was dissolved. A new government was inaugurated with Alenka BRATU, president of the Active Slovenian Party, as Prime minister. In February, Speaker Gregor VIRANT resigned and Janko VEBER was elected as the new speaker.
[1]
On May 13, 2022, the new Slovenian parliament held its first session and elected Urszka Krakochar Zupanchic as its speaker. Zupanchic thus became Slovenia's first female parliament since independence
Long.
[12]
On 23 December 1991, the Slovenian Parliament adopted a new constitution. The Constitution was amended in 1997 and 2000. The Constitution establishes the principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers.
[2]
The highest legislative and supervisory body of the country is divided into the National Assembly and the National Council. The National Assembly is composed of 90 members who are directly elected for four-year terms. The country is divided into eight constituencies, each electing 11 deputies, with two seats reserved for members of the Italian and Hungarian ethnic groups. The current National Assembly will be formed in May 2022. The current speaker of the Parliament is Urshka Krakochar-Zupan. The number of seats held by the parties in the parliament is as follows: 40 seats for the Liberal Movement Party, 27 seats for the Democratic Party, 8 seats for the New Slovenian Party, 7 seats for the Social Democrats, 5 seats for the Left Party and 2 seats for members of national minorities. The National Council is composed of 40 members from the social, economic, professional and local sectors for a term of five years, and is divided into constituencies according to sectors and local communities, with indirect elections. The current National Council was established in December 2022 under the chairmanship of MarkoLOTRI.
[30]
Courts and procuratorates are the judicial organs of the State. The courts are divided into the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the High Court, the District Court, and the District Court, in addition to specialized courts: the Labor and Social Court (mainly dealing with legal cases concerning employment relations and social welfare), the Administrative Litigation Court, and the Audit Court. The Constitutional Court, which is mainly responsible for determining whether the relevant legislation of the parliament contradicts the national constitution, is composed of nine judges, and the president Matej Accetto will take office in December 2021. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, and its President, Damijan FLORJAN, took office in February 2017. The procuratorates are divided into Republic Procuratorates, high procuratorates (4) and regional procuratorates (11). Prosecutor General Drago Shketa, who took office in March 2017.
[2]
Executive body of state power. In June 2022, the current government was formed. In January and December 2023, government departments will be adjusted. The current Prime Minister, Robert Golobb. Members of the Government are: Tania Fayon, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs (female); LukaMESEC, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities; DanijelBe Basic LOREDAN, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health; "KlemenBO is a person with the finance ministry, a person with the Defense minister Marjan Scharec, a person with the justice minister Dominika's opera, Public Administration Minister Franz Props, Solidarity for the Future Minister SimonMALJEVAC, Environment, Climate and Energy Minister BojanKUMER, Education Minister DarjoFELDA, Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation IgorPAPI, Minister of Economy, Tourism and Sports Matja Z HAN, Minister of Culture AstaVRE Frecko (female), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Irena Shinko, (e) Alenka Bratushek (e) Minister of Infrastructure, Joje Novak (e) Minister of Natural Resources and Spatial Planning, AleksanderJEV (e) Minister of Cohesion and Regional Development, Emilija Stoimenova Duch, Minister of Digital Transformation, and MatejAR Arjun, Minister of Slovenian Affairs abroad.
[30]
On the evening of November 13, 2022 local time,
Independent candidate Natasha Pilz Musar has been elected as Slovenia's fifth president with 54.03% of the vote ahead of her rival Logar
[15]
.
On December 22, 2022, local time, Musar was sworn in as president of Slovenia in the Slovenian Parliament, and replaced the current president Pahor on the 23rd, starting a five-year term.
[16]
Implement a multi-party system. The main political parties are:
|
Political party
|
Establishment time
|
chairman
|
|---|---|---|
|
Freedom Movement Party (Gibanje Svoboda)
|
January 2022
|
Robert Golub
|
|
Slovenian Democratic Party (Slovenska Demokratska Stranka)
|
February 1989
|
Janez JAN (Opera)
|
|
Nova Slovenija (New Slovenija)
|
In August 2000
|
Matej Tonin
|
|
Social Democrats (Socialni demokrati)
|
In May 1993
|
Tania Fayon
|
|
Left Party (Levica)
|
June 2017
|
Luca Mesetz
|
|
Reference material
[2]
[24]
|
||
Natasha Piltz Musall
: The President. He was born on May 9, 1968. He graduated from the University of Vienna with a PhD in Law. He has worked as a lawyer, journalist and presenter. He was the National Commissioner for Public Information from 2004 to 2014. In 2014, he established a private law firm. He was elected president in November 2022.
17 - [18]
Robert Golub
: The Prime Minister. Born January 23, 1967. He graduated from the University of Ljubljana in Electrical Engineering. He was previously State Secretary for energy Affairs at the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Chairman of Gen-I Corporation from 2006 to 2021. In January 2022, he was elected Chairman of the Freedom Movement Party. In June, he was elected Prime Minister.
Urshka Krakochar-Zupanchic: Speaker of the National Assembly. He was born on June 19, 1977. Graduated in Law from the University of Ljubljana. He was a judge of the Ljubljana District Court from 2008 to 2021. In early 2022, he joined the Freedom Movement Party and became its deputy chairman. In May, he was elected President of the National Assembly.
Marco Lotrich: President of the National Council. He was born on May 6, 1963. Expert in electronic and electrical engineering, founded a measuring instrument company. In December 2022, he was elected President of the National Council.
[2]
[20]
It has a good industrial and technological foundation, a modern economy and industrial structure, and has certain advantages in automobile manufacturing, high-tech, electrical, pharmaceutical and other fields. It joined the euro on 1 January 2007. Key economic data for 2022 are as follows:
|
Gross domestic product
|
58.9 billion euros.
|
|
Gross domestic product per capita
|
Twenty-eight thousand euros.
|
|
GDP growth rate
|
5.4%.
|
|
Currency name
|
Euro (Euro).
|
|
Inflation rate
|
10.5%.
|
|
Unemployment rate
|
It is 4.0%.
|
|
Reference material
[3]
[22]
|
|
The main industrial sectors are automobile manufacturing, mechanical equipment and household appliances manufacturing, electrical machinery and instrument manufacturing, chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals), power energy, metallurgy, rubber and plastic products processing, non-metallic mineral products processing, food and beverage processing, wood processing, furniture manufacturing, paper making, printing and publishing, textile, clothing and leather products processing, etc. The total value of industrial production in 2022 is about 13.2 billion euros, an increase of 1.5% year-on-year.
[3]
[20]
[22]
Agriculture accounts for a small proportion of the national economy. In 2021, the agricultural land is 479,000 hectares, the agricultural population is 73,000, and the agricultural output value is about 1.319 billion euros. In 2022, 150,000 tons of wheat, 279,000 tons of corn, 49,000 tons of apples and 81,000 tons of grapes will be produced.
[3]
[22]
The service industry is an important part of the national economy. These include: wholesale and retail, repairs, hotels, hotels, transportation, communications, warehousing, financial intermediaries, real estate, leasing, business services, public administration, social services, and other community or personal services. More than one-fifth of the country's population is employed. The services sector will account for 56.4% of GDP in 2022, or about 35.1 billion euros.
[3]
[20]
[22]
Fiscal revenue of 25.1 billion euros and expenditure of 27.4 billion euros in 2022. As of March 2023, foreign exchange reserves amounted to 750 million euros and accumulated external debt amounted to 52.2 billion euros.
[3]
[20]
[22]
Tourism is relatively developed. In 2022, it will receive 5.8 million visitors and 15.6 million overnight stays. Foreign tourists mainly come from Italy, Germany, Austria and Croatia. The main tourist areas are the Adriatic Sea coast and the Alps. Main attractions: Triglav Mountain National Park, Lake Blade, Postoina Cave. Main tourist facilities: beach, ski resort, hot spring, karst cave, hotel, motor camp, etc.
[3]
[20-21]
The economy is highly export-oriented, and foreign trade occupies a high proportion in the national economy. In 2022, the total volume of foreign trade and imports amounted to 109.4 billion euros, of which Sri Lanka's exports amounted to 52.7 billion euros and imports amounted to 56.7 billion euros, with a deficit of 4 billion euros. The main trading partners are: Germany, Italy, Croatia, Austria, Switzerland. Main export commodities: auto parts, pharmaceuticals, petroleum processing products, electrical appliances, etc. Main imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum and mineral products, plastic products, agricultural products, etc.
[3]
[20]
[22]
By the end of 2021, Slovenia's foreign direct investment amounted to 7.8 billion euros, mainly in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Russia and North Macedonia.
[20]
Slovenian
The earliest recorded Slovenian literature is Fleising Manuskripts, dated between 972 and 1022, which were discovered in Germany in 1803. The first book printed in Slovenian was the Catechism for Beginners (Kattechismus And Abecedalium), which was written by the Protestant Primus. It was written by Primoz Trubar in 1550 and was built in a German city
Tubingen
(Tubingen) printing. Jurij Dalmatin translated the Bible into Slovene in 1584. It was not until the mid-16th century that the Slovenian language passed through Hieronymus. Hielonymus Megisal's Multilingual Distionary is known in other European languages.
Slovenia is predominantly Roman Catholic, with small Orthodox churches and Islam in the eastern part of the country.
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January 1-2
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National Culture Day
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February 8th
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April 10-13
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Day of Resistance
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April 27th
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May 1-2
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Holy Spirit Advent
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The 31st of May
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The 15th of August
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Reform Day
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October 31st
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November 15th
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December 25th
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Independence Day
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December 26th
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Reference material
[1]
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The National Armed Forces were officially established in June 1991 as Slovenia
dominion
The Defence Force was renamed the Slovenian Army in October 1993. According to the constitution, the president is the Supreme commander of the armed forces.
Since 1998, the armed forces have been restructured according to NATO standards, and are divided into Basic Defence Forces, Enhanced Forces and Enhanced Forces
Rapid reaction force
.
In 2007, the defence budget was €488 million, or 1.53% of GDP.
In 2016, defense spending was 389 million euros.
[3]
By the end of 2008, Sri Lanka's armed forces numbered 11,396, of whom 7,094 were professional soldiers.
Reserve service
4,302 people.
As of May 2017, the total number of Sri Lankan armed forces is 7,745, of which 6,884 are regular soldiers and 861 are reservists.
[3]
The Bohinibera Mountain Warfare Demonstration Center is located about 60 kilometers northwest of the Slovenian capital, Ljubljana. Since the center was established in 1996, about 1,600 soldiers from 19 countries have come here to receive training in subjects such as mountain warfare. On 15 November 2011, the Slovenian military signed a military cooperation agreement with Italy, Austria and Hungary. According to the agreement, military personnel of the four countries will jointly study and carry out a series of military training, including winter alpine mountain operations, and receive standardized military education at the Bohinibera Mountain Warfare Demonstration Center in Slovenia.
As of 2011, Germany, Croatia, Turkey and Canada have expressed their willingness to become members of the Slovenian Centre of Excellence for Mountain Warfare. By 2015, Slovenia intends to establish the center as a NATO-affiliated Mountain Warfare Demonstration Center, to rival the NATO Mountain Warfare Demonstration Center in Norway.
[7]
The geographical location is good, electrified railways and modern roads account for a large proportion.
[20]
Slovenian roads are well connected in all directions, and two "pan-European transport corridors" (Line 5 connecting Barcelona and Kiev, and Line 10 connecting Salzburg and Thessaloniki) meet in the Slovenian capital, Ljubljana. Slovenia's road density is higher than the EU average. Due to its excellent location, Slovenia can be reached within 1 to 2 days by road transport from anywhere in Europe.
The total length of highways is 38,906 km, of which 746 km are expressways. In 2021, highway passenger traffic will be 39.15 million, and freight volume will be 98.91 million tons in 2021.
[20]
[29]
From the perspective of transport, passenger and cargo transport in Slovenia are mainly road transport, accounting for more than 60%. The state authorized Dars to franchise the management, operation and maintenance of the highway.
[14]
The total railway length is 2178 km, of which 610 km are electrified and 330 km are double-track. It will carry 11.86 million passengers and 20.34 million tons of cargo in 2021.
[20]
[29]
Slovenia has more than 150 railway passenger stations and 140 railway freight stations. The two railway lines of Europe 5 and 10 Pan-European Corridor pass through Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, with a total length of 320 km and 250 km, respectively, accounting for 20% and 10.6% of the total length of the two railway lines.
Slovenian Railways (S Z) is responsible for the transport of passengers and goods within Slovenia and maintains 60,000m2 of warehouses. The company also owns container terminals in Ljubljana, Maribor, Koper and Cele. In 2019, the company transported 13.907 million passengers and 21.903 million tons of cargo.
[14]
Ljubljana Airport is Slovenia's main international airport, with more than a dozen European countries have fixed routes, only 25 kilometers from the capital Ljubljana. In addition, there are two international airports in the second largest city, Maribor, and the coastal city of PORTOROSE. In 2020, the Slovenian aviation industry declined significantly compared with 2019, with 287,800 passengers transported at airports, down 83.3% year-on-year; International cargo transport was 10,600 tons, down 7 percent year-on-year. In October 2019, Slovenian regional carrier Adria Airlines went bankrupt.
[14]
Koper Port, located at the northern end of the Adriatic Sea, is the only maritime port in Slovenia and an important transit port for landlocked countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
Goods transited through Koper can reach Vienna, Munich and Prague within 24 hours and Warsaw, Copenhagen and London within 48 hours.
Built in 1957, the port of Kop covers an area of 450 hectares and has a coastline of 2,578 meters, with 11 modern and fully equipped terminals suitable for all types of cargo transshipment. 25 berths, general cargo indoor storage area of 275,000 square meters, fruit storage area of 73,000 square meters, general cargo open storage area of 960,000 square meters, grain storage scale of 60,000 tons, soybean storage scale of 55,000 tons, liquid storage capacity of 54,000 cubic meters, bulk dry cargo storage reserves of 110,000 square meters. In addition, the port has two operating docks, No. 1 and No. 2. Pier 1 is 450 meters long and 14 meters deep; Pier 2 is 800 meters long, 14-18 meters deep, and can berth 10,000-ton freighters and 100,000 ton tankers.
Koper Port is becoming more and more important as a hub port in Southern Europe and the former Yugoslavia. Container and other cargo throughput has been growing rapidly year by year, with an average annual growth rate of 13%. The Asian business is growing even faster, with several new routes to Asia being opened each year, and the annual growth rate of business is more than 50%. A cargo ship sailing from Asia to Europe via Koper can cut its journey by 2,000 nautical miles compared with northern European ports. As a result, Koper Port has become a transit port for landlocked countries such as Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Serbia.
The port of Koper plans to invest 450 million euros in the next 10 years to build a Sino-European logistics center. The investment plan includes the expansion of cargo terminals 1 and 2, the construction of cargo Terminal 3, a cargo distribution center and a 12,000-parking garage. The new Pier 3 will be 1,000 meters long and 14 meters deep.
[14]
The Slovenian government attaches great importance to education and implements a compulsory education system. Spending on education accounted for 5.7% of GDP in 2019, or €2.54 billion. The primary school system lasts for 9 years, and children enter at the age of 6. The 9-year course is taught in three three-year phases. High schools are divided into ordinary high schools and vocational and technical secondary education schools. The general school system of ordinary high schools is 4 years, and the school system of vocational and technical schools is 2 to 5 years, depending on the major. Higher education is divided into university education and higher professional education. Full-time students from the EU and local universities are free to attend. Part-time and postgraduate courses are subject to tuition fees, and undergraduate and postgraduate tuition fees for non-EU students are approximately €1,000 per year (except for arts). Slovenia has 4 universities and 10 independent higher education institutes. Slovenian is the language of instruction.
[14]
In accordance with the health care legislation adopted in 1992, Slovenia has a health insurance system whereby all citizens are required (compulsory) to pay an annual health care premium to the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia. After the payment, each insured person will have a unique health insurance card, which is also the official identity document of the insured person after the payment of health insurance. The insured must present his/her medical insurance card to enjoy free medical treatment covered by the insurance. Basic health insurance (mandatory) covers basic, universal illnesses, injuries or other health conditions. Individual citizens can also voluntarily pay various additional health insurance according to their own needs. Get more health insurance. Foreigners not covered by the Slovenian health insurance system may seek medical treatment in local hospitals at their own expense.
According to the Statistics Bureau of Slovenia, the average life expectancy in Slovenia in 2019 was 78.1 years; Men were 73.9 years old and women 82.1 years old.
[14]
In 2012, there were 8 daily newspapers, 42 weekly magazines, 39 bimonthly magazines, 369 monthly magazines, and 121 bimonthly magazines. The main national newspapers with a large readership are: Zurnal 24 hours newspaper (373,000), Slovenske Novice (365,000), Labour newspaper (Delo, 151,000), daily newspaper (Dnevnik) 141,000), evening newspaper (Vincer, 134,000), Primorske novice (70,000) and Finance (56,000).
[3]
Radio station
As of 2014, there are 76 radio channels in the country. According to 2012 statistics, the largest listenership in the country was Radio 1 (202,000), Val 202 (160,000) and Radio Radio 1 (111,000).
[3]
National news agency
The Slovenian News Agency, STA, was founded on June 20, 1991.
[3]
Television station
In 2014, there were 55 television channels. The national television station is Radio and Television Slovenia (RTV, 6 channels, established in 1958). The main private commercial television stations are Kanal A (founded in 1989) and POP TV (founded in 1993); in October 2000, POP TV's parent company, Super Plus of the United States, acquired Kanal A, but still uses the name.
[3]
In 2016, per capita monthly pretax income was 1,584.66 euros. At present, there are 29 hospitals in Sri, including 18 general hospitals, 2 maternity hospitals, 2 lung hospitals, 4 neurological diseases hospitals, 2 orthopedic hospitals and 1 rehabilitation hospital, with a total of 9,356 beds. There are 5,947 doctors and 5,465 nurses in the country. There are 28.9 doctors, 26.5 nurses, 6.9 dentists and 6.8 pharmacists per 10,000 people. There are 1.4 hospitals and 451.8 beds per 100,000 people.
[3]
Slovenia is committed to full integration into the EU system. Positive development
Germany
,
France
The EU and other major countries such as the United States, China, Russia, pay attention to the development of relations with other former Yugoslav countries, and actively participate in the coordination of western Balkan affairs and the settlement of international hotspot issues. Successively involved in
Kosovo
, Macedonia,
East Timor
,
Afghanistan
,
Iraq
and
Lebanon
And other peacekeeping operations in more than 10 countries and regions.
Slovenia joined the European Union in May 2004. Since then, Slovenia has joined the euro in January and December 2007
Schengen area
. First half of 2008
Rotating presidency of the EU
.
[4]
On October 28, 2015, the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly elected Slovenia as a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council for a term from 2016 to 2018.
[8-9]
Relations with China
I. Bilateral political relations
On June 25, 1991, Slovenia declared its independence from Yugoslavia. On April 27, 1992, China recognized Slovenia, and on May 12, the two countries signed a communique establishing diplomatic relations. In October 1996, the two countries signed the China-Sri Lanka Joint Communique.
From 2012 to 2019, leaders of the two countries held many bilateral meetings at the China-CEEC Summit and other occasions.
[19]
[23]
Second, exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, science, technology and culture
The two governments have established mechanisms such as the Joint Economic Committee and the Science and Technology Cooperation Committee, signed a number of cooperation documents such as the Memorandum of Understanding on jointly building the Belt and Road, and deepened exchanges in various fields.
In 2019, Slovenian Minister of Economic Development and Technology Arturo Pocivalsek came to China to attend the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and the Second China International Import Expo. In 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Sri Lanka reached 7.45 billion U.S. dollars, a year-on-year increase of 24.4%, with China's exports reaching 6.86 billion U.S. dollars and imports reaching 590 million U.S. dollars. From January to October 2023, the bilateral trade volume was 5.83 billion US dollars, of which China exported 5.41 billion US dollars and imported 420 million US dollars. Sri Lanka actively participates in the cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries, is the lead country of the China-Central and Eastern European Countries forestry cooperation mechanism, and takes the lead in winter sports under the China-Central and Eastern European Countries Sports Cooperation coordination mechanism.
China and Sri Lanka have cooperated in the fight against COVID-19. The governments, businesses and all sectors of society of the two countries support each other in various ways.
[31]
Relations with Croatia
Since independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and
Croatia
The two countries have been in dispute over ownership of a kilometre stretch of coastline near the port of Piran Gulf. On November 4, 2009,
Prime Ministers of Croatia
Corsol sum
Prime Ministers of Slovenia
Pahor
Sweden
capital
Stockholm
The signing of a border arbitration agreement paves the way for the two countries to resolve a border dispute that has lasted nearly 20 years and for Croatia to join the European Union. Under the agreement, the Balkan countries Croatia and Slovenia will use international negotiations to resolve a border dispute left over from their 1991 declaration of independence.
On 23 March 2010, the Constitutional Court of Slovenia ruled that the border arbitration agreement signed between the Slovenian government and Croatia was in accordance with the Constitution of Slovenia. The move clears the way for the arbitration agreement to be passed by the Slovak Parliament and for the two countries to finally settle their border dispute.
We call for developing relations with other countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit. Sri Lanka is committed to joining the European Union and NATO, actively developing good-neighborly and friendly relations and striving to maintain friendly and cooperative relations with world powers
Foreign policy
The base point of...
[4]
Relations with Russia
On July 22, 2022, the Russian government added Slovenia to the list of countries unfriendly to Russia
The list.
[13]
Main tourist spots:
Triglav Mountain National Park
,
Bled Lake
Postoina Cave. Main tourist facilities: beach baths, ski resorts, hot springs, caves, hotels, health resorts, mountain or seaside resort hotels, private inns, overnight hotels, motor camps, camping sites, bars, cafes, tourist farms, etc.
Piran is a small, well-preserved medieval city on the southwestern coast of Slovenia. It has a population of about 4800. Piran has been under the control of the Republic of Venice for nearly 500 years, so many of the buildings in the city still reveal the Venetian style. Although the town of Piran is small, it retains a rich cultural heritage, and medieval buildings can be seen everywhere in the city. The narrow streets and row upon row of small buildings are the most distinctive scenery of Piran. In the square in the center of the city stand famous violinists and composers
Tartini
Bronze statue of Tartini (1692-1770), Pran was his hometown. The city of Piran is across the sea from Croatia, and the Bay of Piran where the city is located is still a disputed border area between the two countries.
[10]
Located at the southern foot of the Alps, from a geological point of view, it is formed by the melting of glaciers after the lake, the top of the snow melt water, mountain springs continue to inject into the lake, so it has the reputation of "ice lake". Lake Bled beautiful scenery, the lake is crystal clear, the lake swimming swans, ducks and other water birds, the surrounding mountains and trees, green grass, Alpine snow peaks in the sun is clearly visible, everything is beautiful like a landscape painting.
[10]
Bled Villa
Villa Bled (Vila Bled) : Located on the shores of scenic Lake Bled, about 60 km northwest of the capital. The Austrian royal family first built villas here. From the 1920s until the outbreak of World War II, Austrian-built villas were owned by the Yugoslav royal family. In 1947, Tito rebuilt Villa Bled as a residence in Slovenia and used it to receive foreign leaders.
In 1984, Villa Blade opened for business as Villa Blade Hotel. The villa's 1950s architecture is well preserved, and the style is gorgeous and yet simple; The cafe was designed by the late famous architect Plechini, facing the island in the middle of the lake, the landscape is open and elegant. The villa is a quiet place to live apart from the mountain and the water.
[10]
Koper Harbor
Koper Harbor
Luka Koper is ideally located in the heart of Europe. It is composed of eleven highly specialized and efficient loading and unloading terminals (including loading and storage) with supporting equipment for the loading and unloading of various cargoes, mainly coffee, rice and various types of grain, sugar, cotton, steel, aluminum alloy and various types of metal and non-metal products, paper and organic compounds. There are also fruits, fragile items, livestock, containers, small and other vehicles, wood, bulk and liquid items, minerals and coal. At the same time, it also provides a variety of services for the processing and direct sales of finished and semi-finished products and other services that add economic value.
[10]
Postoina Cave
Postoina Cave
(Postojnska Jama) : The city of Postojina, 54 km southwest of the capital, is the second largest karst cave in Europe and the most distinctive among the many karst caves in Slovenia. The spectacular stone columns, stalagmites and stalactites were formed over millions of years. The cave also lives a rare animal similar to the salamander, slender, scaleless, with limbs, longevity of one hundred years, which is called by the Slovenes"
mermaid
"(Instead love? ka ribica). Scientific name
salamander
.
[10]
