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Slovak Republic (
Slovak
: Slovenska republika; The Slovak Republic, or Slovakia for short, is a country in central Europe
Landlocked state
. Eastern neighbours
Ukraine
, South to
Hungary
, Siljan
Czech Republic
,
Austria
, Bac PI
Poland
. It covers an area of 49,000 square kilometers. It is a temperate climate from Marine to continental climate. The average annual temperature is 11.8℃, and the average annual precipitation is 400 mm. Slovakia is divided into 8 cantons, 140 cities, 2,890 villages, the capital is Bratislava. Slovakia has a population of 5.43 million. Population density 111 people/km ².
[2]
5th - 6th century AD
Sislav
Settle down here. In 833 it became
The Principality of Great Moravia
The center of... After the fall of the Duchy in 906, it was reduced to
Kingdom of Hungary
Part of it. It began in 1526
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
Rule. until
World War I
Later,
Austro-hungarian Empire
Disintegrate. October 28, 1918
Czech Republic
Joint establishment
Czechoslovakia
. 1960 changed to
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
. Established in 1989
Czechoslovak Federal Republic
. Since January 1, 1993
Czech Republic
Separate peacefully and become independent
Sovereign state
. Accessed 29 March 2004
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
It was added on 1 May 2004
European Union
.
Slovakia is a developed country
Capitalist country
It was published in 2006
World Bank
enrol
Developed country
Ranks. On December 21, 2007, it became
Schengen Convention
Member states. Since January 2009
euroland
. In 2022, GDP (current price) of 109.7 billion euros, per capita GDP (current price) of 20,200 euros, GDP growth rate of 1.7%.
- Chinese name
- Slovak Republic
- Foreign name
-
The Slovak Republic
(English)
Slovenská republika (in Slovak) - Abbreviated form
- Slovakia
- continent
- Europe
- capital
- Bratislava
- National Day
- August 29th
- National song
- Tempest on the Tatras.
- Country code
- SVK
- Official language
- Slovak
- currency
- Euro
- Time zone
- UTC+1
- Political system
- A parliamentary republic
- National leader
- Peter Pellegrini [12] (President) , Robert Fizo
- Population number
- 5.43 million
- Population density
- 111 people per square kilometer (as of June 2022)
- Major nationality
- Slovak , Hungarians
- Major religion
- Catholicism
- Land area
- 49000 km²
- Water area ratio
- 1.1%
- Total GDP
- 109.7 billion euros (2022)
- Per capita GDP
- €20,200 [2] (2022)
- International telephone area code
- 421
- International domain name abbreviation
- .sk
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- The national flower
- Pink rose, carnation
- Central bank
- National Bank of Slovakia
- Largest city
- Bratislava
- Leading institution
- Komenski University Etc.
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- ▪hydrology
- 3Natural resources
- ▪forest
- ▪Oil gas
- ▪lignite
- ▪Iron mine
- ▪Water resources
- ▪Metallic ore
- ▪Nonmetallic ore
- 4Administrative division
- ▪regionalization
- ▪capital
- 5National symbol
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- 6population
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪Pres.
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪government
- ▪Political party
- ▪judiciary
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪summarize
- ▪industry
Landforms of Slovakia
In the 8th century, the Duchy of Nitra was born here, which became after 830 AD
The Great Moravian Empire
Part of it. In 833 it became the central part of Great Moravia.
After the fall of the Empire in 906, he fell
Hungarians
Under the rule, after
Austro-hungarian Empire
Part of it.
In the 11th century Slovakia became
Kingdom of Hungary
It became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867 after becoming part of the Austrian monarchy in 1526.
During the 16th and 17th centuries
Southeast Europe
Most areas are covered by
The Ottoman Empire
At the time of the occupation, the only actual part of the Kingdom of Hungary was today's Slovakia.
World War I
After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Slovakia and the Czech Republic were formed on October 28, 1918
Czechoslovakia
The territory also included parts of present-day Hungary, where the majority of the inhabitants were Hungarians, and parts of present-day Hungary were Slovak-speaking.
In March 1939,
Czechoslovakia
Occupied by Nazi Germany, a puppet regime was established
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
(now
Czech Republic
But not those in which Germans were the majority
The Sudetenland
), Slovakia.
In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to full power.
In 1969, Slovakia became one of the Union republics of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
In 1989, the Czechoslovak political situation began to change, the Czech Communist Party lost power, after the Slovak tendency to separate became increasingly obvious, through a referendum in 1992, on January 1, 1993, Slovakia declared its independence from the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, and became an independent country.
Velvet separation
(Velvet Divorce).
In March 1990, the country was renamed
Czechoslovak Federal Republic
In April of the same year, it became the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
On 31 December 1992, the Czechoslovak Federation was dissolved.
On 1 January 1993, the Slovak Republic became an independent and sovereign State.
In a referendum held on 17-18 May 2003, 92.45% of Slovak citizens voted in favour of joining the European Union. Only 52.15% of 4.2 million voters cast ballots.
Slovakia joined on 29 March 2004
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
It was added on 1 May 2004
European Union
.
[1]
On February 26, 2022, according to the Slovak National News Agency and other media reports, the Slovak government announced on the same day that the country has entered a state of emergency from 12 noon to deal with the influx of refugees
Ukrainians
. The Slovak government decided this morning to donate 2.6 million euros worth of military materiel and 8.4 million euros worth of reserves to Ukraine, including 10 million liters of diesel fuel, 2.4 million liters of aviation fuel and 12,000 rounds of 120 mm ammunition.
[7]
Slovakia is located in the central landlocked part of Europe
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
The east. It is a landlocked country bordering Poland to the north and Poland to the east
Ukraine
, the Notogaea
Hungary
Southwest and
Austria
Border, West
Czech Republic
. With an area of 49,000 square kilometers,
[2]
Ranked 27th among 43 countries in Europe, it is the same size as Denmark, Switzerland and the Netherlands, with a length of 428 kilometers from east to west and a width of 226 kilometers from north to south.
[1]
Slovakia is a relatively high country, with most of its territory in the Western Carpathian mountains and small plains in the southwest and southeast. To the north is
The Western Carpathians
The higher zones, most of which are 1000-1500 meters above sea level, occupy a large part of the country.
[1]
The highest mountain in the country is
Tatra Mountains
It is also the highest peak of the Carpathian Mountains at 2,655 meters above sea level and is located on the border between the country and Poland.
Slovakia has a maritime orientation
Continental climate
transitional
Temperate climate
The four seasons alternate obviously. The national average temperature is 9.8℃, the highest temperature is 36.6℃, and the lowest temperature is -26.8℃. Annual precipitation 500-700 mm, mountainous areas more than 1000 mm.
[1]
The main rivers of Slovakia are
Wach
Helang River, etc., belong to
Danube
The river basin. The Danube River flows through the southern border of Slovakia and is the border river between Slovakia and Hungary and Austria.
One third of Slovakia is forested. The southern slope of the mountain is broad-leaved forest, and the Northern Slope is mixed forest and coniferous forest.
[1]
Slovakia is not rich in oil and gas resources, with mostly small oil fields scattered in the Carpathian Mountains and the eastern region. Slovak oil production is concentrated in the Zarijo Plain, with an annual output of about 53,000 tons.
[1]
The most important coal regions in Slovakia are the Handlova, Zigel and Novac basins in Upper Nitra, with a total reserves of 150 million tons and an annual mining of about 3.5 million tons of coal and lignite.
[1]
Slovakia's iron ore resources are mainly located in the Pish-Gemmel region, including deposits at Rudnani, Slowinki and Smolnik, but only 10% of domestic demand is met.
[1]
Slovakia is rich in water resources. The country's total water resources are 50.1 billion cubic meters, and the per capita water resources are 9,279 cubic meters. Slovakia has a dense river network
Danube
The river has a total length of 367 km, most of the river originates in the mountains.
[1]
Copper mines with low copper content are located in Rudnani and Gornica; The main magnesium mining areas, such as Venezava - Rubenik - Henusta; Gold mining has a long history and the gold content in Hodrusha area is high.
[1]
The ceramic mine, located near Michalovze, is the largest deposit in Europe for the production of electrical and architectural ceramics; Bentonite mining is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Kremnitsa; Magnesite is located on the southern side of the Rudohori Mountains and is mainly used as a refractory raw material.
[1]
Slovakia is divided into 8 cantons with 140 municipalities and 2,890 villages.
[2]
The eight states are:
Bratislava Oblast
,
Ternava State
,
Terunchin State
,
Nitra State
,
The state of Helina
,
Banska Bistrica
,
Plesov Oblast
,
Kosice
.
Panoramic view of the capital Bratislava
Flag of Slovakia
It was opened on 2 September 1993. The flag is rectangular in shape, with a length to width ratio of 3:2. It consists of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles connected, white, blue, and red from top to bottom. The national emblem is painted on the left side of the center of the flag. White, blue and red are panslavic colors, which are also the traditional colors favored by the Slovak people.
Coat of arms of Slovakia
For the coat of arms. The shield is red, surrounded by white edges, and the lower part of the shield is a pattern of three blue peaks, which are marked by a double cross in white. The blue peaks represent Slovakia's highest peak, the Tatra Main peak, at 2,655 meters above sea level
The Gollach Peak
. Double ten character numbers are believed
Catholicism
It is a symbol of the Slovak people's religious beliefs.
Tempest on the Tatras.
Tatlo Hill is electric and thunder is rolling. Brothers, be firm, the storm will stop and Slovakia will wake up. Brothers, be firm, the storm will stop and Slovakia will wake up. Slovakia belongs to us. It sleeps till now. Thunder and electricity, to wake it up, teach her to perk up life. Thunder and electricity, wake it up, teach her to perk up life.
5.43 million people. The main ethnic groups are Slovaks (81.2%), Hungarians (8.4%), Roma (Gypsies) (2%), and the rest are Czechs, Lusenians, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Russians and so on. The official language is Slovak. The majority of residents (about 62%) are Roman Catholic. Population density 111 people/km ².
[2]
|
city
|
Population (10,000)
|
city
|
population
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bratislava
|
61.8
|
Ilina
|
69.0
|
|
Kosice
|
79.5
|
Banska Bistrica
|
65.7
|
|
Preshov
|
81.9
|
Ternava
|
55.8
|
|
Nitra
|
68.7
|
Trencin
|
59.2
|
On 1 January 1993, Slovakia became independent
Separation of powers
Multi-party parliamentary democracy is a political system in which the legislative, judicial and executive powers are independent of each other and check and balance each other.
Implement parliamentary democracy. The prime minister holds the real power, the president is a mere figurehead. The National Assembly is the highest authority in the country and its members are directly elected. On September 30, 2023, Slovakia held the ninth National Assembly election after independence, and the Social Democratic Direction Party (Direction Party) won 22.94% of the vote, becoming the largest party in parliament. On 25 October 2023, a new government was formed by the Social Democratic-Direction Party, the Social Democratic-Civil Voice Party, and the Slovak National Party, with the Direction Party Chairman Robert Fico as Prime Minister.
The President is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Slovak Armed Forces for a term of five years.
On 17 July 1992, the Slovak National Assembly adopted the Constitution, which established a multi-party parliamentary democracy. On September 1, the Slovak National Council of the Czechoslovak Federation adopted the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The Constitution came into force on October 1 of the same year.
It has a unicameral system with a four-year term and a total of 150 seats. The Slovak Parliament will be formed by the general election on 30 September 2023 and consists of seven parties: the Social Democratic-Direction Party, the Progressive Slovak Movement, the Social Democratic-Civil Voice Party, the Union of Ordinary Citizens and Friends, the Christian Democratic Movement, the Freedom and Solidarity Party, and the Slovak National Party. On October 25, 2023, the new Parliament held its inaugural meeting. Peter Pellegrini (Chairman of the People's Voice Party) elected Speaker, Ruboshi? Blaha (Ľubo? Blaha, Deputy Chairman of the Direction Party), Peter Ziga (Member of the Bureau of the People's Voice Party), Andrej Danko (Andrej Danko, Member of the Bureau of the People's Voice Party) elected Speaker of the Parliament. President of the National Party), Michal Simecka (President of the Progressive Slovak Movement) was elected Deputy Speaker. The Parliament consists of the Committee on Privileges and Immunities, the Committee on Constitution and Law, the Committee on European Affairs, the Committee on Finance and Budget, the Committee on Economic Affairs, the Committee on Agriculture and the Environment, the Committee on Public Administration and Local Development, the Committee on Social Affairs, the Committee on Health, the Committee on Defence and Security, the Committee on Culture and Media, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Education, Science, youth and Sport Committees and other committees.
[2]
The current government of Slovakia was formed on October 25, 2023, and consists of a Prime Minister, a Deputy Prime Minister, three Deputy Prime Ministers and ministers, and 12 ministers. The main members are: Prime Minister Robert Fico, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Robert Kali Niak, Deputy Prime Minister Peter Kmec (in charge of EU funds and recovery programs), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy Denisa Sakova, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment Toma? Taraba, Minister of Finance Ladislav Kamenicky, Minister of Justice Boris Susko, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Juraj Blanar, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Richard Takach, Minister of Transport Jozef Raz, Minister of the Interior Matush Shutay Eshtok, Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and the Family Erik Toma, Minister of Health Zuzana Dolinkova, (b) Tomasz? Drucker, Minister of Education, Research and Sport; Richard? Lehi, Minister of Investment, Local Development and Information Technology; and Martina Simkoviova, Minister of Culture.
There are about 160 registered parties, mainly:
Social Democratic-Direction Party (SMER-SD) : Founded in 1999 by Fizo and others from the Democratic Left Party. In 2005, it merged with the Democratic Left Party, the Democratic Alternative Party and the Social Democratic Party, and was renamed the Social Democratic Direction Party. The party's primary goal is to build an orderly, just and stable society, and its policies have a distinctly social-democratic character. Party chairman Robert Fico.
Progressive Slovak Party (Progresivne Slovensko) : Founded in 2017. It positions itself as a "new left" party, distinguishing it from "old left" parties such as Orientation. It advocates pragmatism and rationality, advocates freedom and democracy, and advocates the concepts of protecting individual dignity, equality, justice, sustainable development, and strengthening European and international cooperation. The basic political goals are to reduce regional disparities and improve health care and education. Party chairman Michal Simecka.
Social Democratic Party - The Voice of the People (Hlas-SD) : Founded in 2020. It was founded by former Direction Party Deputy Chairman Peter Pellegrini, and some of its founding members were former Direction Party members. Opposed to a liberal approach to social issues, it is often described by Western politicians as a "catch-all" party. Party chairman Peter Pellegrini.
The Union of ordinary citizens and independent individuals and Friends (Obycajni ľudia a nezavisle osobnosti a priatelia). Founded in 2011. Advocate for the people to petition against corruption. In the 2020 parliamentary elections, the party won with 25.02% of the vote and led the formation of the government. From April 2020 to the end of 2022, it was the main governing party of Sri Lanka. Party chairman Igor Matovicic.
Christian Democratic Movement (Kresť anskodemokraticke hnutie - KDH) : Founded in 1990. Christian democratic values, the protection of individual dignity, concern for the future of children, solidarity, justice, freedom and other ideas. Party chairman Milan Majersky.
Sloboda a Solidarita (Freedom and Unity Party) : Founded in 2009. It advocates respect for individual freedom and social solidarity, praises free market economy and private ownership, opposes state intervention, opposes EU economic integration and EU budget increase, and is particularly vigilant against EU restrictions on free market. Party chairman Richard Sulik.
Slovak National Party (Slovenska narodna strana) : Founded in 1990. Pursuing a nationalist policy, in 2016, he formed a coalition with the Direction Party, Bridge Party and Network Party. Party chairman Andrej Danko.
[2]
The Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court are the highest judicial organs of the State, and the General Prosecutor's Office is the highest procuratorial organ of the State. Its president, vice presidents, attorney General and deputy Prosecutor General are all elected by the Parliament and appointed by the President. Ivan Fiacan, President of the Constitutional Court, took office in 2019 for a 12-year term. The President of the Supreme Court, Jan Sicuta, is to take office in 2020 for a five-year term. Prosecutor General Maros ilinka, appointed in 2020 for a seven-year term. There are also local courts and procuratorates.
[2]
Suzanne Chaputova (Zuzana) : President. He was born in June 1973. He graduated from the Faculty of Law, Komenski University, Slovakia. He has worked in the municipal government of Pezinok, Slovakia and several ngos, and has long been a lawyer, dedicated to environmental protection and public welfare. In 2017, he participated in the establishment of the new Slovak political party "Progressive Slovakia", and was elected deputy chairman of the party in January 2018. After running for president, he resigned from the party in March 2019. He was elected President of Sri Lanka on 30 March 2019 and took office on 15 June 2019, becoming the country's first female president since independence.
Peter Pellegrini: Speaker. He was born in October 1975. He graduated from the Department of Economics, Majbel University, Slovakia and the Department of Economics, Kosice University of Technology. He served as Deputy Prime Minister, Speaker of Parliament and Prime Minister of Slovakia, and was re-elected President of the Slovak National Assembly in October 2023. In 2020, he founded the People's Voice Party and has been the chairman of the party ever since.
Robert Fico: Prime Minister. He was born in September 1964. A graduate of the Law School of Komenski University of Slovakia, he served three terms as Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006-2010, 2012-2016, 2016-2018) and a fourth term as Prime Minister from 25 October 2023. He founded the Direction Party in 1999 and has been its chairman ever since.
[11]
On October 25, 2023, Slovak President Maria Czaptova appointed Robert Fico, leader of the Direction Party, as Prime Minister of the new government. This is Fizo's fourth term as prime minister.
[11]
In the early years, it was an agricultural area with little industry. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia gradually established steel, petrochemical, machinery, food processing and military industries in Slovakia, narrowing the economic gap with the Czech Republic. After the 1989 upheaval, Sri Lanka embarked on economic reforms under the "shock therapy" proposed by the federal government, leading to the Great Recession. After independence in January 1993, Sri Lanka promoted the market economy, strengthened macro-control and adjusted the industrial structure. In recent years, the Sri Lankan government has continuously strengthened the construction of the legal system, improved the business environment of enterprises, vigorously attracted foreign investment, and gradually formed an export-oriented export-oriented market economy with the automobile and electronics industries as the pillars. In 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, the economy declined, and recovered in 2010 and 2011, and the growth rate slowed down in 2012. The gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013 was 72.13 billion euros, an increase of 0.9% on the previous year. GDP in 2014 was 74.655 billion euros, an increase of 2.6%. GDP in 2015 was 78.1 billion euros, an increase of 3.6%. In 2016, the GDP was 80.96 billion euros, an increase of 3.3%. In 2017, the GDP was 81.2 billion euros, an increase of 3.2% year-on-year. GDP in 2018 was 90.2 billion euros, an increase of 4.1% year-on-year. GDP in 2019 was 94.4 billion euros, an increase of 2.5%. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the GDP in 2020 will be 93.4 billion euros, down 3.3% year-on-year. GDP in 2021 was EUR 100.3 billion, an increase of 4.9% year-on-year.
Key economic data for 2022 are as follows:
GDP (current price) : €109.7 billion.
Gross domestic product per capita (current price) : 20,200 euros.
GDP growth rate: 1.7%.
Currency Name: Euro.
Inflation rate: 12.8%.
Unemployment rate: 6.2%.
[2]
Industrial production in 2021 amounted to 21.1 billion euros, accounting for 21.0% of GDP. The main industrial sectors are steel, food, tobacco processing, petrochemicals, machinery, automobiles and so on.
[2]
The total value of agricultural production in 2021 will be 1.72 billion euros, or 1.7% of GDP. The main crops are barley, wheat, corn, oil crops, potatoes, sugar beets and so on.
[2]
Forestry protection measures adopted in Sri Lanka can be divided into three categories: preventive measures, disaster prevention measures and rescue measures. Since 1987, Slovakia has carried out extensive monitoring and census of forestry conditions. The monitoring plan, implemented by the National Forestry Research Institute, divides the country's forestlands into 111 areas with an area of 256 square kilometers for monitoring. According to the degree of damage, the forestlands tested are divided into five levels: no damage, minor damage, moderate damage, severe damage and complete damage. Through monitoring, we can understand the state of the forest and take remedial measures in time.
In addition, in order to ensure the safe reproduction of tree species and prevent genetic defects, Sri Lanka has also implemented a series of tree species protection and improvement programs, including tree species screening, excellent tree species cultivation, genetic archives and tree species and gene databases. According to the above plan, the tree species are divided into two catalogs, A and B (catalog A is for valuable economic forest trees, catalog B is for general economic forest trees), and the national survey and certification are conducted, and special forest areas are set aside as tree cultivation gardens, focusing on the cultivation of tree species in catalog A. The main tree species included in the tree breeding programme are
fir
,
spruce
,
Scotch pine
,
larch
,
Oak
,
alder
,
elm
Etc., a total of 210 hectares.
According to the forestry management plan, forest land may not be completely cut down except in exceptional circumstances. All forest developers must replant their mined land within two years. At least 30% of the planted area is the varieties encouraged by the state.
In 1998, the Ministry of Agriculture of Sri Lanka and the Standardization Bureau of Sri Lanka promulgated the Regulations on the Control of Imported Plants and their Products and the Technical Standards for Forest Protection to carry out quarantine on imported plants and their products in terms of pests and diseases.
Biopheromone traps, insecticides, and trap forests are widely used in the prevention and control of forest pests and diseases, effectively preventing forest pests.
The Sri Lankan government has invested a lot of money in the rescue of forest ecosystems, especially the forest land damaged by environmental pollution and other reasons. Some measures were taken to balance the acid-base of the land, scientific fertilization and land transformation, and good results were achieved. Between 1995 and 1997, more than 3,800 hectares of forest land, valued at 48 million skronor, were saved.
By the end of 2021, Sri Lanka's stock of foreign investment was 59.367 billion US dollars. Foreign investment is mainly invested in finance, real estate, automobiles, electronic manufacturing and other industries. The main investment source countries are Germany, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, South Korea, Czech Republic, Hungary, Japan and so on. Major multinational companies include Siemens, Volkswagen, Samsung, Kia, SONY, Dell, Lenovo and so on. Major foreign investment projects include Volkswagen, Peugeot Citroen, Kia, Jaguar Land Rover, Samsung LCD plant, SONY LCD TV plant and so on. (Source: National Bureau of Statistics database)
In 2021, Slovenia's foreign trade volume was 174.9 billion euros, an increase of 18.1%, of which exports amounted to 88.3 billion euros, an increase of 16.3%; Imports amounted to 86.6 billion euros, up 19.3 percent year-on-year. Foreign trade surplus of 1.7 billion euros. In 2022, Slovak trade amounted to 210 billion euros, an increase of 20.1%. Among them, the export value was 102.8 billion euros, an increase of 16.4%; Imports amounted to 107.2 billion euros, up 23.8% year on year. The trade deficit of 4.4 billion euros was the first trade deficit since 2008.
The main export commodities are: steel, electronic products, vehicles, machinery products, chemical products, fossil fuels, metals and metal products, power equipment, etc.
The main imported commodities are: oil, natural gas, machinery and equipment, raw materials, food, chemical products, etc. The main trading partners are Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, France and so on.
The official language of Slovakia is
Slovak
. The main foreign languages are English, German and Russian. The main minority language is Hungarian.
[3]
68.9% of the Slovak population is Roman Catholic, 6.9% Slovak Evangelical, and a small number of people are Orthodox.
[3]
Slovaks are hospitable, pay attention to modesty and respect for public order, and do not make loud noise and crowded in public places. They love blue, which symbolizes nobility, and red, which symbolizes passion. Like to use the numbers 8, 12, 14, etc., taboo 13.
[4]
January 1: New Year's Day, Founding Day;
January 6: Three Kings Day;
April: Easter;
May 1: International Workers' Day;
May 8: Anti-Fascist Victory Day;
5 July: Slavic Writing Festival;
29 August: Slovak National Uprising Day (National Day);
1 September: Constitution Day;
September 15: Seven Wounds;
November 1: Halloween;
17 November: Day for Freedom and Democracy;
December 24-26: Christmas Day.
[10]
After the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federation in 1993, the Czech Republic divided the army and equipment of the former Czech Federation on a two-to-one basis. The President is the supreme commander of the country's armed forces, the National Defense Council is the highest decision-making body on defense and security issues, the Ministry of Defense is the government's administrative organ in charge of military affairs, and the General Staff is the supreme command body of the entire army. In 2005, the army began to professionalize and now has about 16,000 troops. On May 4, 2022, General Daniel Zmeko was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Sri Lankan Army for a four-year term.
[2]
Armed Forces: There are 38,600 active troops. Among them, 13,600 are basic service soldiers and 3,300 are directly under the government and logistics support troops.
The army has 23,800 soldiers, including 13,600 basic service soldiers. It consists of 1 army, 1 tank brigade (with jurisdiction over 2 tank battalions, 1 mechanized battalion, 1 reconnaissance battalion, and 1 artillery battalion), 1 mechanized infantry brigade (with jurisdiction over 2 mechanized infantry battalions, 1 tank battalion, 1 reconnaissance battalion, and 1 artillery battalion), 1 artillery brigade, and 1 rapid reaction battalion.
The Air Defense Force has 11,500 personnel. 84 combat aircraft,
gunship
Nineteen aircraft. Paramilitary force: 2,600 troops. Of these, 1,400 are in the internal security force and 1,200 are in the civil Defense Force. Reserve: about 20,000 people, organized into one army, two mechanized brigades, and one artillery brigade. Military service system: The compulsory military service system is implemented, and the service period of soldiers is 12 months.
Stationed abroad: 2 United Nations Military observers in the Middle East
Sierra Leone
2 military observers, United Nations stationed
Syria
93 peacekeepers.
Slovakia has a total road length of 18,152 km, of which 545 km are motorways. Passenger traffic totaled 149 million and freight traffic totaled 154 million tons. By the end of 2021, Sri Lanka had a total of 3.436 million vehicles, of which 2.493 million were private cars.
[2]
In 2019, the total length of Slovak railways was 3,629 km, of which 1,017 km were double-track and 1,587 km were electrified. Sri Lanka has railway connections with neighboring countries. In 2020, Slovak railways carried a total of 49.057 million passengers and 34,231 million tons of freight. Slovakia currently has no high-speed rail or subway, but the capital Bratislava has several tram routes.
In June 2017, the China-Europe train (Changsha-Budapest) changed tracks in the small town of Dobra, located on the border of Slovakia (Uzbekistan), which was the first train from China to transit Slovakia after a gap of more than a year. In November, the first "trial" train from Dalian in China to Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, was launched. In 2018, several trains between Chongqing in China and Germany were rerouted in Slovakia. In October 2019, the China-Europe Freight train (Xi 'an - Donaust Radar) was officially launched, and from September to December 2020, it will basically operate on a regular weekly basis.
[10]
The Danube River, the second largest river in Europe, flows through Slovakia, with a total length of 172 kilometers in Slovakia and 149.5 kilometers in the border with Hungary and Austria. Bratislava and Comarno are the main water ports, with 1.54 million tons of cargo in 2018. In addition, with the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and the expansion of the storage capacity of Lake Gepeskov in Slovakia, the carrying capacity of the Slovak section has been greatly increased. In 2018, the passenger volume totaled 107,000 passengers and the cargo volume totaled 1.24 million tons.
The Danube River flows through many famous European cities, especially in Austria, Slovakia and Hungary, connecting the three cities of Vienna, Bratislava and Budapest, and in June 2006, the "Twin Cities" sightseeing line from Bratislava to Vienna was officially opened.
[10]
Slovak airports are located in Bratislava, Kosice, Piesjani and other places. As the largest Bratislava airport is only 65 km from Vienna, Austria, the transport of passengers and freight has been greatly affected. In 2018, Slovakia carried 2.944 million passengers by air and 24,600 tons of cargo by air in 2018. In 2019, Bratislava Airport handled 2.29 million passengers. In the first quarter of 2021, Bratislava Airport handled 15,157 passengers, a decrease of 95% compared with the same period last year. Cargo throughput 5423 tons; The number of take-offs and landings was 2,553, down 41.4 percent year-on-year.
[10]
Ten-year compulsory education is implemented, and the state subsidizes accommodation and food. In 2021, there will be 3,102 kindergartens, 2,070 primary schools, 233 secondary schools, 435 vocational secondary schools, 17 music schools, and 33 universities. In 2021, the number of university students will be 108,300, including 14,006 foreign students. The most famous institutions of higher learning are Komenski University, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava University of Economics, Major Bell University and so on.
The education system is divided into pre-school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education. Preschool education is offered to children between the ages of 2 and 6. Primary education is for children aged 6-15 years. The primary school is divided into 9 grades, grades 1-5 for the first stage and grades 6-9 for the second stage. Secondary education consists of secondary schools, technical schools, practical teaching centers, specialized schools and basic art schools. There are 30 universities of all types, with at least one university in the capital of each state. The famous universities in Slovakia are: (1) Komenski University: Founded in 1919, it is the oldest and largest comprehensive university in Slovakia, with 17 faculties and departments, and the School of Education, law, philosophy and management enjoys a high reputation in Slovakia. (2) Slovak Technical University: Founded in 1937, the school's Department of Architecture, machinery, electrical machinery and information technology is in a leading position in the country. (3) Bratislava University of Economics: Founded in 1940, it is one of the most influential institutions of higher learning in Slovakia and is famous in the field of economics education and research in Central and Eastern Europe. In addition, several specialized universities outside the capital have also made unique contributions in the fields of medicine and military industry.
[10]
In terms of scientific capacity, Slovakia has relatively strong regional clusters in the areas of food, agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology and materials. The main technical areas are materials, metallurgy, biotechnology, energy, transport technology and motor manufacturing. In terms of technical specialization, Slovakia has a special advantage in the automotive sector. In addition, the second largest and fastest growing industrial sector in the country is electrical technology and electronics. As part of the global value chain, Slovakia is one of the world leaders in LCD production.
[10]
Slovak citizens have access to free medical and health care services through participation in public health insurance. Its health insurance system provides that, in addition to the State payment of health insurance for citizens without means (including the unemployed, pensioners, students, children, military personnel and the disabled), others must pay a certain amount of health insurance, which covers dental services, hospital care, recuperation, medicine, medical expenses, as well as transportation and transportation expenses incurred as a result of medical treatment. There are currently 5 health insurance companies in Slovakia, of which the General insurance Company is the largest, covering the majority of Slovak nationals.
In 2019, there are 113 general and specialized hospitals in Slovakia that can provide hospitalization conditions, and the medical conditions basically meet the needs of patients, but some hospitals located outside the capital are difficult to update their equipment and facilities due to lack of funds and other reasons. There is still a gap in medical conditions in Slovakia compared to Western European countries and even Eastern European countries such as Austria and Poland. Slovakia's medical education level is relatively developed, but due to the low salary of doctors, university graduates choose to seek work abroad. According to the Slovak "Pravda" reported on February 25, 2021, Slovakia has a long-term serious shortage of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel, of which the shortage of doctors is at least 3,500, and at least 2,000 existing doctors are facing retirement, with an average age of 54. The coronavirus outbreak has further exacerbated the shortage of doctors in Slovakia, which has reached 8,500, with about 3,000 people quarantined during the outbreak; The shortage of doctors able to operate ventilators is even more serious, which has led to many severe COVID-19 patients not receiving timely treatment.
According to the Slovak Statistics Office, in terms of purchasing power parity, Slovakia's per capita health expenditure in 2019 was €1,600, 40% lower than the EU average. According to data published by the World Health Organization in 2019, the average life expectancy in Slovakia is 77.3 years, of which 73.7 years for men and 81.1 years for women.
[10]
Slovakia participated for the first time
Olympic Games
In 1996, the Olympic Games won 1 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze.
Beijing Olympic Games
The best result was 3 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze. Canoeing and shooting will be the sports in which they will be able to win gold MEDALS in London.
Slovakia is a new member of the Olympic Games, but has a certain strength in sports, in 1996 for the first time to participate in the Olympic Games won 1 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze, canoeing and shooting are their breakthrough events. They also won MEDALS in swimming and other events.
2004 Athens Olympic Games
Slovakia once again won two gold and two silver MEDALS in the canoe event, and Gunc, the shooting star, won the bronze medal in the men's 10-meter air rifle, and Slovak finished 29th in the medal table with two gold, two silver and two bronze MEDALS.
Press and publication
The Slovenian press has been privatized, and the main daily newspapers are: Pravda, Existence, New Times, Economic Times, N Dailies, etc.
News agency
The main agencies are: Slovak News Agency (Stone Agency, national commercial news agency), Slovak Information Agency (private news agency).
Radio station
In 2015, the National Radio Station broadcast 60,531 hours of domestic broadcasting, and the private radio station broadcast 236,939 hours.
Television station
The main television stations are: Slovak National Television, TA3 TV, JOJ TV, Markiza TV and so on. In 2015, Slovenian television broadcast 16,578 hours of national programs, and private television broadcast 80,494 hours of programs throughout the year.
[2]
Conservative communication style: Slovaks are less expressive than Italians, but slightly better than northern Europeans. Once the two sides got to know each other, the communication between them became very active.
Business etiquette and etiquette: Make reservations by phone, fax or email about two weeks in advance. It is possible to communicate in English, although this may be a bit troublesome for your future customers or partners. Best time to meet: 9 a.m. to noon and 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.
Dress: Men wear a dark suit and tie, women wear a solemn dress or suit.
Name: When introducing each other, add professional or academic title before last name. First names are used only among relatives and close friends.
Exchange business cards: Note the company name and highest degree on the business card.
Topic: Slovaks consider Slovakia to be part of Central Europe, not Eastern Europe. It is okay to think of Slovakia as Central and Eastern Europe. Don't talk about politics. Topics to talk about include football,
Ice hockey
, walking, cycling and music.
Gifts: If there are no special requirements, you can send medium-value gifts. Gifts that can be given are
Scotch whisky
Or a cognac or something small, like a fine pen or a lighter. If you accept an invitation to eat at a local's home, imported wine or liquor is best. Some Slovaks don't like flowers because they usually have romantic connotations.
Negotiation style: Negotiations progress slowly and procedurally. Be realistic with your offer, starting high and then low is popular in other countries, but will lead to distrust from Slovaks. Patience and persuasive selling will lead to great success.
1, meet etiquette to shake hands.
2. According to Slavic tradition, when welcoming friends from afar, the host dressed in national costume held out bread and salt, and the guest tore a small piece of bread
Dip in salt
The customs of eating. It means that even if the host is poor enough to have only bread and salt, he still welcomes his friends warmly and treats them selflessly. This custom has declined in modern urban life and is only occasionally used on special occasions when guests are welcomed.
3, in public places, close relationship between women kiss the face, hug the shoulder between men and women, cheek between men and women, elders kiss the forehead. Husband and wife hug and kiss. Between parents and children kiss the face, kiss the forehead, cheek between friends and relatives of the same generation. If a man kisses the back of his hand to a distinguished female guest, it is to show respect.
With the support of the EU and NATO, Sri Lanka attaches great importance to good-neighborliness and friendship, attaches great importance to developing relations with major countries, actively promotes regional cooperation and extensively participates in international affairs. China has made continuous progress in its diplomacy, and its international standing has significantly increased. In March and May 2004, they joined NATO and the European Union respectively. A non-permanent member of the UN Security Council from 2006 to 2007; Became a party to the Schengen Agreement in December 2007; It joined the euro on 1 January 2009.
【 Relations with China 】
China established diplomatic relations with the former Czechoslovakia on October 6, 1949. On January 1, 1993, the Slovak Republic became an independent sovereign state, and China recognized it and established diplomatic relations with it at the ambassadorial level. The two sides agreed that the treaties and agreements signed between China and the former Thies Federation will continue to be valid for Sri Lanka, and October 6, 1949, will be used as the day of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. In recent years, bilateral relations have been developing smoothly on the whole and areas of cooperation have been expanding.
(1) Important Visits by China: Ye Xuanping, Vice Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee (August 1994); Qian Qichen, Vice Premier and Foreign Minister of The State Council (April 1995); Peng Peiyun, Vice Chairwoman of the NPC Standing Committee (August 1998); Li Peng, Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee (June 2000); Wu Yi, State Councilor (February 2001); Fu Quanyou, Chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army (2 Wang Zhizhen, Vice President of the China Association for International Exchange (December 2009), Shen Deyong, Vice President of the Supreme Court (September 2011) and other officials visited Sri Lanka. In April 2012, Premier Wen Jiabao of The State Council held a bilateral meeting with Slovenian Prime Minister Fico on the sidelines of the Summit of China and Central and Eastern European Countries in Warsaw.
(2) Important visits from Sri Lanka: Prime Minister Meciar (February 1994), President of the National Assembly Gasparovic (September 1995), President Kovacs (April 1996), Minister of Education and Science and Technology Slavkovska (February 1997), Foreign Minister Hamzik (May 1997), Minister of Culture Hudets (June 1997), President of the National Assembly Migas (June 1997) October 1999), Minister of Culture Nikolai Konyashko (May 2000), Deputy Chairman of the National Assembly Nikolai Khrushovsky (January 2002), President Shuster (January 2003), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy Nikolai Rusko (May 2004), Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces Nikolai Blick (November 2006), Foreign Minister Nikolai Kubis (January 2006) In February), Defense Minister Kashitsky (July 2007), Prime Minister Fizo (February 2007), President Gasparovic (August 2008), and Parliament Speaker Pashka (November 2008) visited China. In 2010, President Gasparovic came to China to attend the Pavilion Day of the Shanghai World Expo and visited Hong Kong and Macao (September), and First Deputy Prime Minister Ivan Ciprovic (February), President of the Supreme Court Abd Halabin and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Justice Maria Petrikova (May) visited China. In 2012, Minister of Labor Richter and Chief of the General Staff of the Slovenian Army Wojtek visited China (November). In 2013, President of the Supreme Court Abdallah Halabin visited China (January) and Deputy Prime Minister for Investment Varzini visited China as a guest of the Sri Lankan Embassy in China (July). In 2015, President of the Sri Lankan National Assembly Pellegrini visited China, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Khamir attended the Asia-Europe Connectivity Industry Dialogue in Chongqing (May), Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Lajcak visited China (February), and Deputy Prime Minister Varzini came to China to attend the Fourth China-CEEC Leaders' Meeting (November). In July 2016, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Lajcak came to China as a candidate for UN Secretary-General. In 2017, Minister of Economy of Sri Lanka attended the high-level Meeting of the Belt and Road Forum in China (May), Foreign Minister Lajcak visited China in his capacity as president-elect of the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly (July), Deputy Prime Minister Pellegrini of Sri Lanka stopped in Beijing by special plane (December), and Yang Jiechi met with him in The State Council. In 2018, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Lajcak visited China in his capacity as President of the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly (July). In 2019, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Lajcak, Minister of Economic Affairs Riga and others attended the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in China (April), and Deputy Prime Minister Lehi led delegations to attend the China-CEEC Expo (June) and the Second China International Import Expo (November) in Ningbo. In 2023, Speaker of Sri Lanka's National Assembly Kolar visited China (April). Zhao Leji, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, held talks with him and met with Vice President Han Zheng.
[5]
According to Chinese statistics, bilateral trade was 3.75 billion US dollars in 2010, 5.969 billion US dollars in 2011, 6.08 billion US dollars in 2012, 6.54 billion US dollars in 2013, 6.21 billion US dollars in 2014, 5.03 billion US dollars in 2015 and 5.27 billion US dollars in 2016. It was $5.31 billion in 2017, $7.78 billion in 2018, $8.89 billion in 2019, $9.46 billion in 2020, and $12.09 billion in 2021. In 2022, bilateral trade reached US $12.15 billion, up 0.5% year on year, of which China's exports were US $4.44 billion, down 2.4% year on year, and imports were US $7.71 billion, up 2.2% year on year, resulting in a deficit of US $3.279 billion.
By the end of 2021, China's investment in Sri Lanka totaled 470 million US dollars, while Sri Lanka's investment in China totaled 94.9 million US dollars.
The two sides have a total of 4 pairs of provinces (prefectures) and cities, namely Shanghai and Bratislava, Changchun and Ilina, Fuding and Ternava, Tongzhou District of Beijing and Spish New Village City.
【 Relations with European countries 】
Sri Lanka attaches great importance to developing relations with European countries, especially neighboring countries, especially the Czech Republic, maintaining "super-standard state relations", maintaining frequent exchanges with Western Balkan countries, and supporting countries in the region to join the EU. The main exchanges in 2017 were: In January, Montenegrin Foreign Minister Darmanovic visited Sri Lanka. In March, President Kiska visited Poland and Foreign Minister Lajcak visited Portugal. Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Economic Affairs Aldo Szyjardo, French Foreign Minister Ayrault and British Minister of Brexit Davis visited Sri Lanka. In April, Prime Minister Fico visited Germany and Belarus, and Foreign Minister Lajcak attended a meeting between V4 Foreign Ministers and Eastern partners in Poland. Romanian Foreign Minister Melescanu, President of the European Parliament Giordano Tajani, Austrian President Herman van der Bellen, Romanian Foreign Minister Melescanu, Montenegro Speaker of Parliament Aleksandr Payovic and Belarusian Prime Minister Aleksandr Kobyakov visited the country. In May, President Kiska visited Hungary, attended the NATO summit in Brussels, and hosted the Bratislava Global Security Forum (GLOBSEC). President of the European Council Donald Tusk, President Duda of Poland, President Kaljulaid of Estonia, Prime Minister Sobotka of the Czech Republic, Foreign Ministers of Romania, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Montenegro, Ukraine and other countries attended the meeting. Slovakia and Poland held a joint meeting. President Gvelashvili of Georgia, Prime Minister Ratas of Estonia and Prince Albert II of Monaco visited the country. In June, President Kiska went to Ukraine to hold a visa-free EU-Ukraine ceremony with Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko, visited Austria and Croatia, and held a joint meeting of the governments of Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria in the Czech Republic. In July, Irish Foreign Minister John Kovney visited Sri Lanka. In August, Foreign Minister Lajcak went to Germany for the German-German Foreign Ministers' Consultation. In September, the Slovak and Czech governments held a joint meeting in the Czech Republic. In October, Chairman Remingo of the OSCE Permanent Council and President of the Czech House of Representatives Hamacek visited Slovakia. In November, German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier visited Germany. In December, the transport ministers of Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Slovenia signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation at the meeting of the European Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council, establishing the Executive Council of the Amber Rail Freight Corridor project. Czech President Milos Zeman visits Slovakia.
[Relations with the United States] In October 2020, Foreign Minister Kolchok visited the United States and held talks with Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
[Relations with other countries] In February, President Kiska visited Egypt and Kenya. In March, President Kiska visited Israel and Palestine. Vietnamese Defense Minister visits Sri Lanka. In May, Georgian President Mikhail Gvelashvili visited Sri Lanka. In June, Israeli Parliament Speaker Edelstein visited Cuba and Cuban Foreign Minister Rodriguez visited the country. In July, Prime Minister Fizo attended the V4 Prime Ministers' collective meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and Foreign Minister Lajcak visited Japan. Uae Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah visits Sri Lanka. In October, South Korean National Assembly Speaker Chung Sye-kyun visited Sri Lanka. In November, President Kiska visited Mexico.
[Relations with international or regional organizations] Actively participates in the affairs of the European Union and NATO, and holds the rotating presidency of the European Union in the second half of 2016. In September 2017, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Lajcak assumed the presidency of the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly for one year. In September of the same year, President Kiska attended the UN General Assembly in New York. In December, Prime Minister Fico visited the United Nations and met with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and UN General Assembly President Lajcak. Focusing on strengthening the cooperation of the Visegrad Group (V4), the president of the Visegrad Group from the second half of 2018 to the first half of 2019. In 2019, he chaired the Ministerial Council of the OSCE and the OECD. The Visegrad Group holds the rotating presidency from 2022 to July 2023.
[2]
[Relations with Russia]
On July 22, 2022, the Russian government added Slovakia to the list of countries unfriendly to Russia.
[8]
On September 13, 2022, the Russian Association of Travel Agents said that nine EU countries have stopped accepting documents for Russians to issue tourist visas, including
Slovakia
[9]
.
Slovakia has nine national parks. Among them is the High Tatras Sudei German National Park. Slovakia's natural gifts make it a hiking paradise.
Slovakia is also a popular destination for nature lovers who spelunk. Most of the caves here are rock caves, and a few are glacier caves. In Ochetina, there are extremely rare Wenshi caves, only three of which are open to the public in the world. The Dopatsinski Ice Cave is listed by UNESCO along with the Slovak Karst Caves
World natural Heritage
The list. Slovakia has the largest area in Central Europe
Karst topography
.
There are about 1,300 springs in Slovakia. The 23 nature resort centers are treated with water, mud and weather. A few other attractions are: Tesson, Cheveni Gate and Orava Castle,
Bochenis Castle
And Bertria Manor house.
castle
Slovakia is home to one of the largest number of castles in the world, from ancient castle remains to well-preserved museum collections. Slovakia has about 180 registered protected castles and ruins, as well as about 1,200 manor houses and tall buildings. Most castles are accompanied by interesting legends and myths. Castle Trenchin, for example, has a legendary Slovak love story.
Throughout the year, castles in Slovakia host a variety of events and special programs. You can enjoy a romantic weekend at the Castle of Porchenis or see the "real ghosts" at the International Ghost Festival. You can also take part in the mysterious Night Walk at the Castle of Orava or the game of Knights at the Gate of Chevenica.
Wooden church
Slovak Orthodox, Catholic and
Protestantism
The wooden churches of different sizes are very unique and precious cultural monuments. The interior decoration of these wooden churches and their historical value are rare in all of Central Europe. These churches are state-protected cultural monuments, most of which are located in the eastern part of Slovakia. The architectural style is exceptionally simple, in harmony with the surrounding natural environment and the geographical features of the country. Some churches do not even use nails or any metal material, and their interiors are decorated with valuable pictures and altars.
The Slovak nation is industrious, intelligent and skillful, and the architectural structures and monuments and the unique technical projects and works of art are powerful evidences. The value of the country's cultural heritage can be seen in the fact that four monuments in the country have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The typical Banska Shgavnica ore reserve, the charming 14th century Bardeyov Goedian town, the traditional folk architectural features of the small village of Vrkorines and
Spieth Castle
These monuments are considered to be the largest castle buildings in Central Europe.
Banska Shgavnica is an old mining area with many beautiful architectural works. From the 13th to the 18th centuries, the town was the most important center for precious metals mining. The history of mining and processing precious metals, especially gold and silver, dates back to the Bronze Age. The School of Mining, founded in 1762 by Banska Shgavnica, is also very famous and is the first higher education institution in this field in the world.
Spieth Castle
Spieth Castle
It is the largest medieval castle in Central Europe. Its history dates back to 1113 AD, when it was built on the gateway
Baltic Sea
A royal castle on an important trade route. The second part of the historic settlement was Spiska Pitura, which was founded as an independent religious community. Last but not least is the small village of Zela, home to the Goethe Church of the Holy Spirit. There are fine Goethe paintings hanging in the church.
Bardeyov
Bardeyov is a Goethe town of the 14th century, known for its well-preserved castle and Goethe houses
Renaissance period
The house is the main feature. The Church of SAN Igidias, built in the 15th century, and the town hall from 1505 to 1511 are national monuments. Nearby, the Bardeyov Health Center is surrounded by trees and beautiful views, and its houses represent the architectural style of the 19th century. There is a museum of folk architecture nearby, and the surrounding villages have many 17th to 19th centuries.
Bratislava
Bratislava
It is located in the southwestern border of Slovakia, near the junction of Slovakia with Austria and Hungary, and far from Austria
Vienna
Less than 60 kilometers. The Danube River runs through the city, full of
Baroque
The Old Town (StareMesto) of ancient buildings is located on the north bank of the Danube. The castle on the high hill next to the old town is the oldest building in the city, and from its walls it overlooks the city and the Danube River.
Hlavnenamestie: The largest square in the city center, with the Roland Fountain in the middle, built in 1527, the oldest fountain in the city. The Old Town Hall (Stararadnica) was built in 1421 and opened as the Mestskemuzeum (Municipal Museum) in 1868.
Bishop's Palace (Primacialnypalac) : Built in 1778-1781 next to Bishop's Square, it was once the official residence of the Hungarian Archbishop. The cathedral has a Hall of Mirrors modeled after the Palace of Versailles in France. The Hall of Mirrors witnessed an important event in European history, where Napoleon and the Holy Roman Emperor signed the "Peace of Pressburg" in 1805, which laid the end of the Holy Roman Empire. On the second floor are some rare 17th century English tapestries.
Slovak State Opera House (Slovenskenarodnedivadlo) : The early classical theatre was built in 1776, 1884-1886 and transformed by the Viennese architects into the present neo-classical architectural style. It is home to performances of the Slovak Opera and National Ballet.
St. Martin's Cathedral (Domsv.Martina) : Built in the 13th century in Gothic style, the tall church was once the coronation church of Hungarian Kings. Between 1563 and 1830, eleven Hungarian Kings and eight queens were crowned here.
Michalskabrana: It is the only medieval city gate that has been preserved from the ancient city walls. Above the city gate is a bell tower with a green spire 51 meters high. At the top of the tower is a statue of the angel Saint Michel. The tower is now a small weapons museum.
Grassalkovicovpalac: The Rococo palace was built in 1760 on the orders of Duke Grassalkovicovpalac, leader of the Hungarian Court Council. Haydn conducted the chamber orchestra in 1772. It was rebuilt in 1996 and became the President of Slovakia. The large garden behind the Prezidentskypalac is open to the public as a park.
The Archbishop's Summer Palace (Letnyarcibiskupskypalac) today houses Slovak government offices. The 17th century Renaissance-style palace was the summer residence of the Archbishop of Estelgom in Hungary. It was converted into a massive Baroque palace by Austrian architects in the 18th century.
Bratislava Castle (Bratislavskyhrad) : High in the mountains next to the old town, the castle was first mentioned in 907, fortified in the 15th century to resist the looting of the Huss, and later the Hungarian king ordered the construction of a tall palace in the middle of the castle as a royal palace. In 1811 the palace was burned down by drunken soldiers. It was rebuilt from 1953 to 1968, and today half of the building is the Slovak National Museum.
Banska Shgavnica: Banska Shgavnica is an ancient mining area that was the most important precious metal mining center from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The mining and processing of precious metals, especially gold and silver, dates back to the Bronze Age. Banska Shgavnica's School of Mining, founded in 1762, is very famous and is the first higher education institution in this field in the world. Beautiful buildings abound here.
Bardeyov: Bardeyov is a Gothic town of the 14th century, characterized by its well-preserved castle and Gothic houses, Renaissance houses. The church of SAN Igidias, built in the 15th century, and the town hall from 1505 to 1511 are national monuments. Nearby, the Bardeyov Health Center is surrounded by trees and beautiful views, with houses that represent the architecture of the 19th century. There is a museum of folk architecture nearby, and the surrounding villages have many wooden churches dating from the 17th to 19th centuries.
As of 2008, there are 6 World Heritage sites in Slovakia, as follows:
|
name
|
type
|
location
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
Cultural heritage
|
||
|
2
|
Primitive beech forest of the Balkathian Mountains
|
Plesov Oblast
|
|
|
3
|
The medieval village of Vrcolinec
|
Cultural heritage
|
|
|
4
|
Spishburg
|
Cultural heritage
|
|
|
5
|
Banska Szgavnica
|
Cultural heritage
|
|
|
6
|
Natural heritage
|
Kosice
|
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Slovak cuisine is unfamiliar to many visitors. Dishes with a strong Slovak national identity include pasta with feta soy sauce - potato soup with feta sauce, cabbage gnocchi with duck or goose meat, and fluffy gnocchi made from potato dough with cabbage. Traditional Slovak dishes include mushroom soup, cabbage soup and bean soup. The country is also known for its fine wines, with many wine-growing regions such as the Tokaui or Lesser Carpathian Mountains.
The souvenirs you can buy in Slovakia are similar to those in Prague, due to
Exchange rate movement
As a result, the same handicrafts such as puppets, crystals, wooden toys, ceramics, etc., although there are not many kinds, they are cheaper to buy in Slovakia. Slovak shopping areas are concentrated in the area of Forban Square, Michilska Road, Presidential Palace Square; Across the square from the presidential Palace is Eduscho Cafe, one of the most popular chains in Vienna, where a cup of Expresso costs NT $7 and coffee beans are about a third of the price in Vienna. In addition, the market stalls in the square sell souvenirs at much cheaper prices.
