推拿（中医名称）

massage

For a long time, some scholars praised it as "elder medical skill". As a method of treating people with massage, the word massage is derived from caress According to correction, massage gradually evolved. It is not only the change of the noun, but also contains the results of thousands of years of continuous summary, continuous innovation and continuous development of doctors engaged in massage medicine. Tuina is an ancient Chinese method of healing injuries Traditional Chinese medicine An integral part of... Massage is a way for doctors to use their hands to exert different forces, skills and abilities on the patient's body to stimulate certain specific parts to restore or improve the vitality of the human body and promote the rehabilitation of the condition. It is the method of "treating people with people", which belongs to advocating naturopathy A kind of. Because of its simple method without side effects and good treatment effect, it has been continuously developed, enriched and improved in China for thousands of years. Especially in the past 40 years, due to Western medicine learning Chinese medicine, the establishment College of Traditional Chinese Medicine It has played a huge role in the development and improvement of traditional Chinese medicine. some Scientific research institution And began to study the mechanism of massage, and achieved preliminary results, which is a great promotion of massage. Many countries in the world attach importance to this traditional Chinese therapy, it is understood that the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy France, Germany, North Korea, Japan, The Philippines , Singapore , Thailand , Malaysia , India, Sweden , Spain , Vietnam , Argentina Wait for countries to come to China to study. Others have hired Chinese experts to run courses abroad. This shows the Chinese massage line Manual therapy Disease has attracted the attention of the world.

Massage therapy The origin can be traced back to Ancient times Time. ^[1]

His book Plain question · In the article on the Yi of Different Fa, it is clearly recorded: "The central people, their ground is flat with wet, so the heaven and earth produce all things, and their people eat miscellaneous and do not work, so their diseases are many. Flaccidity and syncope Cold and heat, its appropriate treatment Guide stick So guide those who stick to the stilts to also come out from the center."

Central, which means China Central Plains Area, equivalent to the present Henan Luoyang One belt, was then Yellow Emperor The center of activity for the tribe. So this paragraph Ancient translation In modern vernacular, Cheng means: Luoyang area The terrain is flat, the climate is warm and moist, and the cold and warm are suitable, so the products are rich. Luoyang people eat well but lack exercise and are prone to disease Flaccidity and arthralgia Diseases such as syncope and heat injury. The treatment of these diseases is suitable for the passage of qi and blood by means of guidance and massage. Therefore, guidance, massage first appeared in the Luoyang area, and spread out from Luoyang. ^[1]

massage

The ancestors are here Survival competition In the event of accidental injury, due to the hand touching the affected area of the body surface and feel pain relief or relief, so as to gradually find its special Therapeutic effect And formed this unique therapy in the course of long-term practice. According to "Plain Question · Different Methods and Suggestions" it is stated that the d « method originated from Zhongzhou region of China, because the life in this area is comfortable, the environment is humid, and the people are Flaccidity and syncope Cold and heat, its treatment should guide press d «" Tang Dynasty Wang Bing "Press, that is, press the flesh; ð«, is called "Jie hands and feet", explaining that this treatment has both massage and kneading on the body surface and lifting the pitcher's limbs " The Internal Canon of Medicine "Also this therapy indication The contraindications and contraindications are introduced and various kinds are pointed out Bi syndrome , pain syndrome, Flaccidity syndrome And some emergencies can be treated with massage while abdominal suffering abscess Should prohibit the use of cutting techniques, reflecting The pre-Qin period The period of this treatment has a considerable in-depth understanding. Famous doctor in Warring States period Bian Que In the rescue of the prince." Dead syncope "When the sudden illness, has successfully used massage and other treatment methods (" Zhou Li Zhushu This is the earliest documented example of this treatment. China's first monograph on massage Yellow Emperor Qibo Massage Sutra 10 volumes (see" Hanshu · Literary records ", has been lost), also Become a book in Qin and Han Dynasties Time. The famous medical scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Zhongjing In Synopsis of Golden Chamber, anterior chest compression is introduced to rescue the heartbeat. Respiratory arrest the Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and Cream rubbing Treatment methods; " Elbow reserve emergency Claw pinch therapy swoon First aid for patients.

Sui and Tang dynasties During the period of the establishment of massage specialist, there are Doctor of massage , massage therapist, masseur Wait for the job, and in Imperial Medical Academy It was organized Teaching activity .

In the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the use of massage was more extensive, such as the Song Dynasty doctors Pang Anshi "Nine times out of ten... There is a woman pregnant will give birth, seven days and no son, a hundred techniques have no effect... Make his family to warm its waist and abdomen, massage themselves up and down, pregnant people feel gastrointestinal pain, moaning between a man ", the use of massage oxytocin. In Song Dynasty Chen Zhi 's A letter to the elderly "Made in the elderly often wipe Yongquan Point Can make old age walk Light, full of spirit.

Later, all dynasties listed massage as a clinical specialty, which promoted the popularity and development of massage therapy. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the basis of comprehensively summarizing the clinical treatment experience of massage, many unique massage treatment methods were developed, and many different schools were formed, with dozens of related monographs.

Using hand and finger skills, on the human skin, Muscle tissue This is called massage therapy.

According to the Chinese historical records, Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Qin Dynasty, used massage therapy to treat the corpse of the prince. Qin Dynasty has been more than two thousand years, it can be seen that massage has a long history in China. China's earliest massage book, when the Yellow Emperor Massage Classics (ten volumes, see "Han Shu. Art and Literature Annals"), unfortunately long lost. But in the existing classical medical book "Huangdi Neijing", there are many places that talk about massage. As... Blood and blood "" Form number Panic, meridian blocked, disease born in benevolence. The cure is massage medicine." And also... Different methods should be discussed "The central, its flat with wet, heaven and earth so all things are also born, its people eat miscellaneous and do not work, so its disease. Flaccidity and syncope Cold and hot. It is appropriate to guide the stilts." It can be seen that ancient times have long mastered the use of massage therapy to treat limb paralysis, Flaccidity syndrome , Jue syndrome , Dampness syndrome And cold fever and other diseases.

Advantages of massage

Massage has many advantages and is easy to learn. It is easy to operate, economical and practical, and can also replace drugs. For example, some patients use massage, can make the spirit excited, play stimulant The effect can also make the patient calm down, play sedative The role of.

Since massage is good for Circulatory system And metabolism, for general chronic diseases or patients with excessive weakness, is relatively safe and reliable. For children who are unable to take medicine, massage can be enhanced Constitution of children Play a preventive health care role. For some complex diseases, it can also be combined with acupuncture and drug treatment. However, for some acute or high fever infectious diseases, or organ lesions, such as Typhoid fever , pneumonia , phthisis Wait, massage only up coordination . If you have a tumor, acute Suppurative appendicitis , Intestinal perforation Biliary tract ascarid caused cholecystitis Etc., the onset of acute, quickly transferred to the hospital emergency, must not use massage and delay the condition. towards amenorrhea It happened all of a sudden around February hypogastrium Severe pain in married women, to determine if there is Ectopic pregnancy Or other Acute disease The possibility of attack should also be rushed to the hospital for rescue, do not delay.

1. The earliest monograph of massage, Huangdi Qibo Massage Classic

2. Manipulation of massage The combination with medicinal wine first appeared in "Vegetarian · Blood Gas Formation"

3. Sui and Tang Dynasties

a. Organized teaching work has been carried out and there have been doctors, teachers and workers of massage

b. appear Cream rubbing

4. Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties

a. Attach importance to the analysis and selection of techniques.

b. Massage with instruments

5. Ming Dynasty

a. Manipulative clinician appears

b. The word massage began to appear in foolproof 's Juvenile development "

c. The use of techniques from adults to children.

d. Massage for children Formation and development.

6. Qing Dynasty

" The golden mirror of medicine In... Bone-setting technique The conclusion and the suggestion of bone-setting technique, as well as the suggestion of "wrong bone suture" theory and spinal manipulation.

massage

Massage, also known as "massage", is based on the viscera of traditional Chinese medicine, Meridian theory For the theoretical basis, and combined with western medicine anatomy and Pathological diagnosis And use manipulation to act on specific parts of the human body surface to adjust the physiological and pathological conditions of the body to achieve physiotherapy The purpose of the method, in nature, it is a kind of physical therapy. From the treatment of massage, it can be divided into health massage, sports massage and medical massage.

massage

" Huangdi's Inner Classic It says, "The meridians are blocked; Disease born in benevolence, treatment with massage ", indicating that massage has the effect of dredging meridians. If you knead Zusanli, push spleen meridian can increase Digestive juice The secretory function, etc., from Modern medicine From the point of view, massage is mainly through stimulation Peripheral nerve Promotes blood, Lymphatic circulation And the metabolic process between tissues, in order to coordinate the functions between tissues and organs, so that the metabolic level of function has been improved.

The Ming Dynasty health practitioner Luo Hong wrote in the book The Marigold Book It says, "Massage Dharma energy Dredge the hair orifice, can spin A surname ". The way things work here, it's just Regulating qi and blood Meaning. Because massage is soft, light and force, follow the meridians, press points, apply to the human body, through the conduction of meridians to adjust the whole body, so as to harmonize Ying Wei Qi and blood Enhance body health. Modern medicine says, Manipulation of massage The mechanical stimulation through will Mechanical energy The combined action of converting heat energy to raise the temperature of the local tissues prompts telangiectasia , improve blood and lymphatic circulation, make blood glutinosity Lower, lower around Vascular resistance Reduce the burden on the heart, so it can be prevented and treated Cardiovascular disease .

Such as Infantile dysentery The symptoms are alleviated or disappeared after massage; Children have dry and wet lungs rale When, press knead small horizontal lines. Palm lines are effective. Someone was in age-group Child middle parallel Control group After health massage, the incidence of children in the massage group decreased, and the height, weight, appetite and so on were higher than those in the control group. above Clinical practice Et cetera Animal experiment It has been proved that massage has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, Boost immunity The role of the human body can enhance the ability of disease resistance.

It is also because massage can dredge the meridians. Causing qi and blood to flow around and maintain the body Yin-yang balance So after massage, you can feel muscle relaxation, joint flexibility, make people excited, eliminate fatigue, and play an important role in ensuring good health.

Tuina is economical and easy because it doesn't need to be special Medical equipment It doesn't matter where or when Climatic condition The restrictions can be applied at any time and anywhere; It is stable and reliable, easy to learn and use, without any side effects. Because of these advantages, massage has become a health and fitness measure favored by the masses. For normal people, it can enhance the natural disease resistance of the human body and achieve health care effects; For the patient, it can not only make the local symptoms fade, but also accelerate the recovery of the function of the affected part, so as to receive a good therapeutic effect.

(1) Physical and mental relaxation. Massage in addition to the mind should be concentrated, especially calm, the whole body should not be tense, requiring both body and mind to relax.

(2) Acupoint selection Accurate. Master the commonly used acupoints Point selection method And the operation technique, in order to select the point accurately, the technique is correct.

(3) Appropriate force. Because it's too small to be what it should be Stimulating effect Too large easy to produce fatigue, and easy to damage the skin.

(4) Step by step. The number of massage techniques should be from less to more, the strength of massage is gradually increased from light, and the acupoints of massage can be gradually increased.

(5) Perseverance. Whether massage is used for health or healing Chronic disease , are not effective in one or two days, often take time to gradually show the effect, so there should be confidence, patience and perseverance.

In addition to the above precautions, but also master Massage health care 20 minutes at a time is appropriate. Preferably once in the morning and once in the evening, such as before getting up in the morning and before going to bed. In order to enhance the efficacy and prevent skin damage, certain drugs can be used when applying massage lubricant For example Talc powder , Sesame oil , Massage lotion Let's wait. If local skin is broken, ulceration , fracture , concretion , tumor It is prohibited to do massage health care here. When massaging yourself, it is best to wear only a vest shorts Operate as much as possible Direct contact Skin. When sweating after massage, you should pay attention to avoid the wind, so as not to Catch a cold . In addition, after overhunger, oversatiety, intemperance Or excessive fatigue, do not do health massage.

Massage therapy There are roughly two types:

One is active massage, also called self-massage, which is a health care method of self-massage. The other is passive massage, which is the medical method mastered by the doctor for the patient, that is, massage therapy referred to in this article. Massage technique It is not consistent, but in summary, the commonly used techniques can be selected as follows: press, rub, push, take, knead, pinch, flutter, play and other methods. It should be known that the above eight techniques are not simply used in isolation, but are often carried out in conjunction with several techniques.

Massage treatment in the clinical application of the most or neck, shoulder, Pain in back and leg And limbs articulation , muscle, nerve and other lesions, in order to eliminate unnecessary Medical malpractice Happens in modern medicine Diagnostic method Is completely can be borrowed and integrated. In this way, inflammation can be eliminated, tumor And other non-massage treatment indication The disease. In addition, the disease can be clearly diagnosed and the treatment effect can be improved. Due to the many diagnostic methods of modern medicine and the rapid development of medical science, this book focuses on the most basic and practical physical diagnosis methods of limbs, joints and spine.

Upper extremity Physical diagnosis

Shoulder joint

Figure 1 Shoulder joint abduction activity

1. observation On account of Shoulder joint The surrounding muscle is rich, so it must be examined by contrast on both sides. Check the two shoulders must be naked, compare the shape of the two shoulders is symmetrical, the height is consistent, there is no deformity, swelling, Sinus tract , lump And vein rage, there is no Muscular atrophy And so on. normal Shoulder joint The shape is rounded, if deltoid The swelling disappears and becomes" Square shoulder "Like, many tips have Dislocation of shoulder joint Or triangle amyotrophy . If the shoulder swelling towering, mostly for congenital shoulder swelling bone towering disease. In addition to static observation, but also depending on its dynamic situation, ask the patient to do shoulder joint activities in all directions, observe whether there is a movement disorder and abnormal activities, such as Serratus anterior Paralysis by lifting the upper limbs forward," Wing-shaped shoulder blade ".

2. Palpation starts with knowing how many there are in the shoulder Bone marker . Highest point on the outer shoulder osseous What stands out is acromion ; The bony protrusion below it is the limb bone Major tubercle ; Anterior acromion is clavicle Lateral end; In the clavicle, the lower transverse finger of the outer 1/3 junction is Coracoid process . Also check the local Skin temperature There is no swelling, such as a mass, to check its hardness and the relationship with the surrounding tissues. Look for it carefully Tender point Common tender points around the shoulder joint are: Bicipital tenosynovitis The tender point was in the intertubercular sulcus; Okagami tendon Lesion, the tender point is confined to the apex of the great tubercle; Subacromial bursitis The tender point is confined to the acromion. In addition to Pressing pain The shoulder joint should be checked for abnormal activity, such as Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint When pressing the outer end of the clavicle, there can be elastic movement. The biceps Long head tendon slip, can be in Intertubercular sulci A bounce that touches the tendon.

Wrist joint and hand joint movement

3. shoulder Joint range of motion The examination should pay attention to its movement mode, amplitude, pain and limitation, especially pay attention to the dynamic of the shoulder swelling bone; avoid scapula The false range of activity caused by participating in activities together.

humeral Neutral position The upper arm is hanging down, the elbow is bent 90 degrees, and the forearm is pointed forward.

Joint range of motion (Figure 1) is as follows:

Flexion: 70° ~ 90° Extension: 40° Abduction: 80° ~ 90° Adduction: 20° ~ 40° intorsion : 70° ~ 90° External rotation: 40° ~ 50° Uplift: 160° ~ 180° (is a combination of forward bending, abduction and shoulder bone rotation)

4. Special inspection

1. Shoulder test : The affected limb Articulatio cubiti Flexion, when the hand is placed on the opposite shoulder joint, such as the elbow joint cannot be with the chest Wall sticker If it is tight, it is positive, indicating shoulder dislocation and adhesion.

2. The biceps Long head tension test: Ask client to bend elbow and do forearm supination The examiner gives resistance, as humerus Pain in the intertubercular sulcus is positive, indicating the long head of the biceps tenosynovitis .

3. straightedge Test: Normal acromion was located in peptide bone Lateral epicondyle with Greater tubercle of humerus Inside of the line. Attach the edge of the ruler to the outside of the upper arm, with one end close together External epicondyle of humerus If the other end can contact the acromion, it is positive, indicating shoulder dislocation.

Articulatio cubiti

1. The first observation is for deformity. When the normal elbow joint is straight, there is a carrying Angle of 5° to 15°. The average woman is slightly older than the average man. If it's greater than that, we call it Cubitus valgus ; If it's less than this Angle it's called Cubitus varus . Intercondylar peptide bone fracture , Dislocation of elbow joint Dislocation of the head of the radius, etc. can be seen when it is not rectified elbow A change in contour.

Next, look for swelling in the elbow. When the elbow swells, Post cubital The triceps tendon is full on both sides. The swelling area is usually limited in the fracture of the internal or external epicondyle of peptide bone. Flexural fracture of the small head Normal skin depression on the flexure side of the olecranon disappeared 2. Palpation should first pay attention to the position of tender points on the elbow. humerus External epicondyle tenderness, mostly for preventing external epicondylitis; Medial epicondyle of humerus Tenderness, mostly Internal epicondylitis of humerus ; ulna Olecranon tenderness with cystic masses, most commonly olecranon bursitis. Also include around the elbow joint Skin tone , Brachial artery The pulsation of Ulnar nerve Changes in hardness and thickness, presence or absence of lumps and size of lumps, hardness, location, relationship to activity, and trochlea Lymph node Whether it is swollen or not.

3. Elbow range of motion examination

The neutral position of the elbow is that the forearm is straight. Flexion: 135 ~ 150° Overextension: 10° pronation: 80° ~ 90° Pronation: 80° ~ 90°

4. Special inspection

Elbow movement

1. Tennis elbow test: also known as Wrist extensor tension test . With your elbows straight and your forearms pronated forward, Wrist joint Passive buckling can cause humerus External epicondyle pain is positive, indicating External epicondylitis of humerus .

2. Elbow valgus Extrusion test : Elbow joint extension position, the examiner one hand against the outside of the elbow joint, and the elbow joint passive eversion, if there is pain, it is positive, indicating Fracture of the radial head .

3. Elbow triangle (Figure 2) : Normal Articulatio cubiti When fully extended, the peptide epicondyle of the external bone, the epicondyle of the internal humerus and the epicondyle of the humerus were found ulna Three bony prominences of the olecranon, in a straight line; When the elbow joint is in full flexion, these three bony prominences are present Point composition one Isosceles triangle . If the triangular relationship of the elbow changes, it indicates a fracture, luxation .

Wrist and hand

1. The two wrist joints and hands were examined for deformities, swelling and abnormal movements.

Figure 2 Elbow triangle

Common malformations are Fracture of the distal radius Caused by silver fork deformity; Median nerve injury Be caused by Thenar eminence magna Muscular atrophy, presented Simian hand deformity ; Radial nerve injury Be caused by carpoptosis ; Ulnar nerve injury Be caused by Hypothenar eminence Muscular and interosseous atrophy, presented as Claw hand ; And syndactyly, polydactylia , button deformity, Gooseneck deformity Let's wait.

The swelling of the wrist joint was evident on both sides of the dorsal extensor common tendon. " Snuff socket Disappearance often suggests a scaphoid of the wrist. Bilateral wrist swelling with multiple, symmetry Proximal knot Interphalangeal joint Prismatic swelling is mostly Rheumatoid arthritis . phalanx Prismatic swelling is common Tuberculosis of phalanges Or enchondroma. The end of the finger is bulging and swollen, suggesting pulmonary bone and joint disease, also known as Mallet finger . Back of the wrist or Metacarpophalangeal joint There was a localized mass on the palmar side, which was not adherent to the skin, but attached to the deep tissue, with cystic sex and mostly healthy sheath hygroma .

Finger tremor, more common Hyperthyroidism Tremor paralysis, chronic alcoholism, etc. The hands are shaking, alleviating during movement and aggravating when at rest, mostly for Parkinson's syndrome.

2. Palpation is distal to the bone phalanx Direction check the location and degree of wrist and hand tenderness, accompanied by swelling, Radiating pain Abnormal sensation, etc. The palm area should include the small thenar muscle and the flexor muscle with or without tenderness. The nature of the local mass, whether it is moving with the tendon, etc. In the process of flexion and extension of the fingers, if there is a snap, it is mostly the snap finger or the flexor tendon of the finger Tenosynovitis stenosum . When the front arm rotates, the lower radioulnar joint pops, mostly Triangular fibrocartilage Disk damage.

3. Wrist joint and hand joint motion examination

1. The neutral position of the wrist joint is that the hand is in line with the forearm, with the palm facing down.

Extend; 30° ~ 60° Palm flexion: 50° ~ 60° radialis Tilt: 25° ~ 30° Ulnar tilt: 30° ~ 40°

2. The neutral position of the finger joint means the finger is straight.

Metacarpophalangeal joint : stretch of 0 °, flexion of the interphalangeal joint of up to 90 ° nearly section: stretch of 0 °, flexion of the interphalangeal joint section of up to 90 ° far: stretch of 0 °, fold up to 60 ° ~ 90 °

3. The thumb neutral position is when the thumb is straight along the index finger.

Abduction: up to 40° flexion: metacarpal thumb joint up to 20° ~ 50°, interphalangeal joint up to 90° Opposite palm: it is not easy to measure the degree, pay attention to the degree of thumb across the palm of the hand adduction: the extension position can be attached to the radial side of the index finger

4. Special inspection

FIG. 3 Clenched ruler deviation test

1. Clenched ruler deflection test (Figure 3) : The patient clenched his fist, the thumb was under the other four fingers, and the wrist was subjected to passive scale-deflection movement Styloid process of radius Partial pain was positive. It is found in the styloid process of the bone Tenosynovitis stenosum . (2) Radial side Extend the wrist tendon Friction test : The doctor holds the distal forearm of the affected limb, puts the palm on the back of the forearm scratching side, and asks the patient to actively do wrist flexion activities or make a fist and relax continuous movement. If the doctor has obvious rubbing sound under the palm, it is positive. Refer to Peritendinitis of extensor wrist radialis .

3. Ulnar wrist squeeze test: The wrist is placed in a neutral position and passively deflected to the ulnar side Inclined shaft Squeeze, if lower radioulnar arthralgia Is positive, seen in triangular fibrocartilage disc injury or Styloid process of ulna Broken.

Physical diagnosis of lower limbs

Hip joint

Figure 4 Hip motion

1. observation In the standing position, there are medullated joint malformations, hip muscle atrophy, increased compensation for lumbar lordosis, deeper skin folds in the thighs, and adduction, abduction, or internal and external rotation malformations in the lower limbs Lower limb shortening Or changes in growth; And look at both sides Cristae iliaca And whether the gluteal folds are at the same level. Whether the affected limb can carry weight during walking, whether the gait is uniform and stable, and describe the characteristics of the gait. 2. Palpation of hip joint swelling, can touch its surrounding skin tension increased. Dislocation of hip Can be touched in abnormal areas Head of femur At hand Arteria femoralis The pulsation is reduced. Gluteal contracture The tight band can be reached at the hip. Snapping hip The tendon can be touched at the trochanter and bounce, and there is a bouncing sound. The greater tuberosity is shallow Pressing pain It is accompanied by a cystic mass, most of which are large tuberoses bursitis .

3. Hip motion test The neutral position is a straight hip joint, patella Up.

Joint motion (Figure 4) is as follows: flexion: 130° ~ 140° Posterior extension: 10° ~ 15° Abduction: 30° ~ 45° Adduction: 20° ~ 30° Internal rotation: 40° ~ 50° External rotation: 30° ~ 40°4. Special inspection

Figure 5. Single leg independent test

(1) Single leg independent test (FIG. 5) : The patient is upright, with his back to the doctor, with the affected limb bent and lifted, standing alone with the healthy limb. When normal, the pelvis is tilted to the healthy side, and the gluteal fold on the affected side is lifted upward, which is called negative. The same method makes the affected limb stand alone, if the healthy pelvis and gluteal fold are found to be decreased, it is positive, and it is seen in hip lesions or gluteal middle, middle, and middle. Gluteus minimus Paralysis.

(2) Telescope test : Patient Supine position Straighten the lower limbs, the doctor holds the calf in one hand and pushes it upward along the longitudinal axis of the body; The other hand feels the ipsilateral greater trochanter, and this touch has a piston-like feeling of activity, which is positive. Refer to Congenital dislocation of hip Especially in children, the signs are more obvious.

(3) The "4" test (FIG. 6) : The patient lay on his back and asked the affected limb to bend the hip and rotate outward-side Hip joint , make it Lateral malleolus Placed on healthy side lower limb Knee joint The upper part is shaped like the word "4". If you can't complete the "4" action hip Pain, hip lesions. If you can complete the "4" movement, the doctor puts one hand on the opposite side Anterior superior iliac spine The other hand will press down the inside of the knee joint of the affected limb. If there is pain in the sacroiliac joint, it is positive. Refer to sacroiliarthritis Isosacroiliac lesions.

(4) Knee bending and hip flexion leg parting test: the patient lay on his back with both lower limbs flexed and turned outwards, the soles of the feet facing each other, and the doctor placed his hands on the knees respectively to do the knee parting action, resulting in medial femoral pain, which was positive and suggested adduction myospasm .

Figure 6 "4" test

(5) Heel Percussion test : The patient lies on his back with both lower limbs extended, the doctor slightly raises the affected limb with one hand, and clicks the heel with the other hand along the longitudinal axis of the body, causing shock pain in the hip, which is positive, and can be seen in pulp fracture, inflammation or lower limb fracture.

(6) Neutral position test: The patient lies on his back with his lower limbs extended and the doctor uses his hands Pinto The heel of the affected limb, the foot with external rotation position is positive, seen in Fracture of femoral neck .

FIG. 7 iliotibial band contracture test and Toma sign

(7) Tractus iliotibialis Contracture test (Figure 7) : Patient Lateral position On the affected side, bend the healthy medullary knee joint and hold it to the chest; The doctor stands behind the patient, immobilizing the pelvis with one hand and holding the affected limb with the other Ankle joint At the top, the knee joint is flexed 90°, the affected spinal cord is flexed first, then extended and then straightened. At this time, the doctor takes out external forces to make it fall freely. If there is iliotibial band contracture, the affected limb can be passively maintained outside the stand, which is positive, and the contracted iliotibial band can be felt between the iliotibial band and the greater trochanteric. (8) Toma sign (FIG. 7) : The patient lies flat with the healthy side of the medullary knee flexion as far as possible, so that the thigh is tight to the torso, the hands hold the knee joint, and the waist is attached to the bed surface. If the medullary bone cannot be completely straightened, or the lumbar protrusion occurs although the medullary bone is straightened, the Toma sign is positive, and the flexion Angle of the medullary joint should be recorded. pith Joint stiffness , Tuberculosis of lumbar spine Or iliopsoas spasm.

Knee joint

1. observation Compare two sides The quadriceps In particular, the medial head of the quadriceps muscle was observed for obvious atrophy. Knee joint Flexed position Both sides of the skeletal ligaments." Knee eye Disappearance indicates swelling in the joint. Standing with legs together, both legs of the femoral condyle and both feet Malleolus medialis You can touch it. If the two medial ankles are separated, it is Genu valgus Also known as "X" legs; If the two internal condyles separate, it is Genu varus Also known as "O" legs. Internal and valgus deformity of the knee is common rachitis Fracture of the lower femur or upper tibia, osteomyelitis Or caused by chondrodysplasia, etc Epiphyseal plate Caused by asymmetrical growth. When standing, the knee joint is obviously hyperextended, which is called Genu recurvatum Also known as... sabre Legs, commonly seen Sequelae poliomyelitis . Localized swelling was observed on either side of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, with superficial venae dilating, suggesting the possibility of tumor. 2. Confirm by palpation Pressing pain The location of the knee is very important for the diagnosis of knee diseases, and the knee is common Tender point . If a lump is found (including the rouge), its size, hardness, depth, tenderness and the relationship between surrounding tissues and knee joint activity should be examined. Periknee touch Synovial membrane Thickening, toughening, tips Chronic synovitis . Rustling occurs when the bone is pushed up and down or side to side while the knee is straightened fricative And spasm pain, suggesting osteomalacia. The knee joint in the movement of the tone of the crisp bounce accompanied by pain, tips Meniscus damage .

3. Knee range of motion examination The neutral position is straight knee joint.

Knee range of motion is as follows:

Flexion: 120° ~ 150° Overextension: 5° ~ 10° Internal rotation: 10° external rotation: 20°4. Special inspection

(1) Floating patellar test : The patient is supine, the affected limb is extended and relaxed, the doctor holds one hand to the upper edge of the skeleton, the palm is pressed on the upper sac of the skeleton, so that Joint effusion With the other index finger under the skeleton, squeeze the patella in a vertical direction and release quickly. If the patella is felt floating or there is a feeling of impacting the femoral condyle, it is positive, indicating that there is fluid in the knee joint.

(2) Patella friction test : The patient lies on his back with the affected limb extended and relaxed. The doctor presses the bone with one hand and places it on the femoral condyle Facies articularis Upward, downward, left, and right movements are positive if there is a fricative sound or if the patient feels pain. Suggests osteomalacia.

(3) McMurray Sign test: The patient lies on his back, the doctor holds the foot of the affected limb in one hand, and the thumb and the other four fingers touch the inside and outside of the knee joint respectively Joint space First make the knee joint extremely flexion, and then the calf adduction, external rotation, and gradually straighten the knee joint, at this time the inside Knee pain Or bounce, indicating damage to the medial meniscus. On the contrary, the calf abducts and pronates, and gradually extends the knee joint. If there is pain or bounce of the lateral knee joint, it indicates that the lateral meniscus is damaged.

(4) Grinding test : This test was used to identify collateral Ligament injury Methods with meniscus injury. patient Prone position The lower limbs are straight, the knee flexion is 90°, an assistant can be asked to fix the thigh from time to time, the doctor holds the ankle in both hands along the longitudinal axis of the calf to lift the calf, and then rotate the calf inside and outside, at this side Accessory ligament Be in Tense state If there is damage, it will cause pain during rotation, indicating collateral ligament damage. Another method is for the doctor to press the foot with both hands and rotate the calf inside and outside. If there is pain, it indicates meniscus damage.

(5) Lateral squeeze test: the patient lies on his back and stretches his lower limbs. The doctor holds the ankle joint in one hand to exert lateral pressure, and the other hand to exert medial pressure on the knee joint, so that the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint is subjected to valion tension. If there is pain or lateral movement, it is positive, indicating Medial collateral ligament injury . If done in the opposite direction apply pressure to the knee joint Lateral collateral ligament bear entropion Tension, when there is pain or lateral movement, suggests Lateral collateral ligament injury .

(6) hyperextension test: The patient lies on his back, the knee is straight, the doctor lifts the calf with one hand and presses the knee with the other hand, so that the knee joint appears passive hyperextension. If there is pain, it is positive. Be visible in meniscus Rake Angle Injury, femoral condylar cartilage injury or fat pad hypertrophy, injury, etc.

(7) Drawer test : The patient lies on his back, knees at 90°, feet flat on the bed, the doctor can sit on the patient's feet to stabilize its feet, hold the upper leg with both hands to pull forward and push the action, such as the upper leg can pull forward, indicating Anterior cruciate ligament injury ; If the upper leg can push back the test description Posterior cruciate ligament injury .

Using the fingertips or palms of the fingers, in the appropriate part of the patient's body, rhythmically click together, called Pressing manipulation . Usually used, there are one-hand press method, two-hand press method. Clinically, under the two ribs or abdomen, it is usually used to press with one hand or two hands. You can also use a one-hand pressure press on the back or where the muscles are rich. That is, put the left hand down, the right hand gently pressed against the back of the left finger; You can also put your right hand under, and your left hand on the back of your right finger.

"Touch" means to touch. The use of fingers or palms on the appropriate parts of the patient's body, giving soft caresses, called Rubbing manipulation . Mofa more cooperate with the law and Pushing manipulation , Arisen The one-handed rub is used on the upper extremities and shoulders, and the two-handed rub is often used on the chest.

Pushing hard in front is called pushing. Clinical commonly used, there are two push-rubbing methods, one hand or two hands. Because the push and the rub cannot be separated, the push has included the rub, so that the push and the rub are often used together. Like two arms and legs muscle fat, more push. The posture is holding the arm muscles between the thumb and forefinger, and is pushing with one hand.

Whether the fingers can be rubbed. It's okay. However, the finger area is too small, when operating, you can use the left hand to hold the patient's wrist, the right hand to hold the thumb of the patient's finger to push, or only the right thumb to push on the patient's finger. The method of massage handed down by traditional Chinese medicine is actually the method of pushing and rubbing. There are different ways to push. The two hands are concentrated together, so that thumb to thumb, index finger to index finger, and both hands are concentrated to push forward, which is called the two-hand concentrated pushing method, and this method is the most successful technique in the pushing and rubbing method.

Use your hand to pick up the appropriate part of the skin, slightly hard, called Grasping manipulation . Commonly used in the clinic is the one-handed method on the leg or muscle fat. If the patient is due to Emotional tension , anger, sudden tightness, blockage in the chest, similar swoon The situation is available in clavicle At the place where the shoulder and back are connected, take the muscle with one hand, put it down, put it down and pick it up again, take two times per second at the speed of twenty times, take a little rest, and then take twenty times, then the chest is smooth, and the breath is gradually harmonized.

The doctor's hand is pressed against the patient's skin to make a slight rotating motion called kneading Kneading manipulation . Kneading method is divided into one hand kneading and two hands kneading. For small areas such as the temple, the finger kneading method can be used, and for large parts of the back, the palm kneading method can be used. There is no one-handed pressure rubbing, such as rubbing the calf, with the left hand on the patient calf At the same time, the right hand is pressed on the back of the left hand, and the one-hand pressure kneading method is performed. On the muscular calf, you can use the following two-handed kneading method. The kneading method has the function of eliminating stasis and accumulation and harmonizing blood line, and it is very suitable to use kneading method for local pain points.

In place, the skin and muscles are pinched with the fingers from the bone surface, called Kneading manipulation . Pinching and holding have some similarities, but holding Dharma essentials With the full force of your hand, focus on the fingers. The grip should be heavier and the pinch should be lighter. Kneading is commonly used in massage Basic technique It is often combined with the kneading method. The kneading method actually includes the squeezing action of the fingertips. As a result of the slight squeezing of the muscles, the kneading method can strengthen the activity of the skin and tendons and improve the blood and lymph circulation. Shallow pinch, can go to wind cold, can remove blood stasis, deep pinch, can treat tendons and Capsula articularis Internal and surrounding causes wind-cold-dampness And cause muscle and joint pain.

It's a kind of a flutter Massage technique . The action should be quick, short and even. It is appropriate to vibrate about 10 times per second, that is, to reach about 600 times per minute. The flutter method is inseparable from the movement, so it is also called the flutter method. will thumb The vertical location is at the pain point of the patient, and the whole wrist is forced to vibrate, driving the thumb to produce a tremor, which is called the single finger tremor method. With the thumb and index finger, or index finger and middle finger, place the patient in the pain or frown, etc., use Wrist power The jitter is called two-finger jitter.

Playing is also called tapping Stroke manipulation . Clinically, it is usually performed after massage surgery. Of course, it can also be used alone if necessary. The hand strength should be light and accurate, soft and flexible. The technique is appropriate, can give the patient a sense of relaxation, otherwise it is not the method. The main way to play is to use both hands. Common techniques are the lateral palm cutting stroke method, flat palm Panting manipulation , Horizontal boxing Tapping manipulation And vertical percussion method, etc. :

Side palm stroke: Stand both palms side up, thumbs up, Little finger Face down, fingers and fingers, to separate a centimeter Xu, palms fall, fingers together, and slightly separate when lifting hands, a fall together, alternating hands.

Flat palm clap: Two palms flat on the muscle, one first and one back Beat rhythmically. ^[1]

Horizontal fist percussion method: two hands clenched fists, hand back up, thumb and thumb opposite, clenched fists should be relaxed and lively, leaving a gap between the fingers and palms. Alternating blows. This method is often used in areas with large muscles, such as the waist, legs and shoulders.

Vertical percussion: two hands Make a fist Take the upright position, thumb on the top, little finger on the bottom, two fists facing each other. The fist should also be relaxed and lively, leaving a gap between the finger and the palm. This method is often used on the back and waist.

The above four playing methods are mainly used in places with rich muscles, such as the neck, shoulder, back, waist, thigh, calf and so on. The force of percussion should be lightened first Back weight And then from heavy to light. Of course, the so-called heavy here is not the use of extremely heavy force, but the meaning of relatively slightly stiffened. In short, it is appropriate to make the patient feel comfortable. In the speed of play, it is generally slow first and then fast, slow when two seconds, and fast when gradually added to six or eight.

It should be remembered that no matter what kind of play is used, the first time can not make great strength, there should be hard in soft, rigid and soft, and then gradually become stronger. When the two palms fall, they should be both strong and flexible, so that the patient feels comfortable. The tapping time is generally 1 ~ 2 minutes, or 3 minutes. In very rare cases, depending on the condition, some time may be extended or shortened. This technique can also be carried out in conjunction with the massage afterwards, also commensurability The massage is mixed.

Indications: sprain , Dislocation of joint , Strain of psoas muscle , Muscular atrophy , migraine Fore and aft headache , trident neuralgia , Intercostal neuralgia , Femoral neuralgia , Sciatica , low back neuralgia, limbs arthralgia (including shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, ankle, finger (toe) joint pain). yan Facial paralysis , face Muscle spasm , Gastrocnemius spasm . Due to the rheumatism Caused by, such as shoulder, back, waist, knee and other muscle pain. And acute or chronic Rheumatoid arthritis , joint Slip cyst Tanh Hoa ankylosis Equal symptoms. Others such as Nervous vomiting , indigestion A disease, Habitual constipation , gastroptosis , Chronic gastritis , insomnia, spermatorrhea , and women dysmenorrhea with Neurosis Etc., you can consider using or combining massage techniques.

Various kinds of Acute infectious disease , Acute osteomyelitis , Tuberculous arthritis , infectious dermatosis , the skin eczema , Scalding by fire and water , Skin ulcer , tumors, and all sorts Outer wound Equal symptoms. In addition, women who are menstruating, pregnant women who are more than five months pregnant, Acute peritonitis , Acute suppurative peritonitis , Acute appendicitis The patient. Certain chronic illnesses are too debilitating and often serious cardiovascular disease For elderly or frail patients, massage is contraindicated.

Massage therapy Contraindications refer to situations in which massage is not appropriate or in certain circumstances, the technique may aggravate and worsen the condition.

(1) Undiagnosed acute Spinal cord injury Or patients with spinal cord symptoms, in not excluded Spinal fracture Never massage. Cerebrospinal symptoms should be excluded Subarachnoid hemorrhage This is also a contraindication of massage.

(2) Various fractures, Osteoarticular tuberculosis , osteomyelitis , Bone tumor , serious Senile osteoporosis Patients, massage may cause Pathological fracture , Tumor spread Metastasis or inflammation develops and spreads. Therefore, it also belongs to the contraindication of massage.

(3) Severe heart, lungs, liver, Renal failure The sick or physically too weak, due to not bear Strong stimulus Therefore, it is generally not appropriate to accept massage treatment. Measures should be taken to rescue in time.

(4) A variety of acute infectious diseases, acute peritonitis including Gastric and duodenal ulcer perforation Contraindicated massage therapy. Surgery should be considered Exploratory laparotomy .

(5) Yes Bleeding tendency contingent hemopathy In patients, massage may cause local Subcutaneous hemorrhage Therefore, it is not suitable for massage treatment.

(6) Avoid manipulation in areas with skin damage. But there are... Pressure sore Applying light manipulation around improves local blood circulation, can make Ischemic necrosis The wound healed gradually. It was in therapy in the 70s Traumatic paraplegia Patient's unexpected discovery.

(7) The abdomen, buttocks, abdomen of women who are more than 3 months pregnant Lumbosacral part In order to prevent abortion, it is not appropriate to apply manipulation in these parts.

(8) psychosis Patient or hypertension It is not appropriate to massage treatment.

1. Before massage, trim your nails and wash your hands in hot water. At the same time, remove any items that hinder the operation, such as rings, in advance.

2. The attitude should be kind, serious and careful, patiently explain the condition to the patient, and strive for the cooperation of the patient.

3. The location of the patient and the doctor should be arranged appropriately; In particular, the patient's posture, such as sitting and lying, should be comfortable and easy to operate.

4. The massage technique should be light and appropriate, and observe the patient's expression at any time to make the patient feel comfortable.

5. Massage time, each time to 20 to 30 minutes is appropriate, the number of massage to twelve times for a course of treatment.

6. Patients in anger, great joy, great fear, great sadness and other emotional excitement, do not immediately massage.

Seven. After a full meal, do not rush to massage, generally should be about two hours after a meal is appropriate.

8. Massage, some patients easy to fall asleep, should take a towel cover, to prevent cold, pay attention to room temperature. Where the wind blows, do not massage. Massage, also known as massage, is to use the hands on the human skin, muscles, acupuncture points to implement a variety of techniques to achieve the purpose of health care and treatment. You can be massaged by others, or you can massage yourself, that is, massage yourself.

The application of massage to prevent disease, cure disease, fitness and prolong life has a long history in China, and has been affected by Chinese medical scientists and doctors for thousands of years Science of health preservation Home is highly valued. For example, "Huangdi's Inner Classic" points out: "Massage do not release, do not repulse the needle, move the qi in the insufficiency, and the air is recovered." It shows that massage has become an important means of medical treatment and health preservation in the Qin and Han dynasties. The Ten Volumes of Massage Guide Sutra were mentioned in Bao Puzi? Inner Part? A Survey by Ge Hong in the Jin Dynasty, but they have been lost. But in" Nourishing nature and prolonging life In the book, he quoted part of the guide as saying: "... Pingdan with two palms to make heat, ironing eyes three times, and then with fingers to scratch the eyes four canthus, eye bright. ... And the law rubbed the heat of the hand to rub the face, from top to bottom, to remove evil spirits and make the face bright. And law mo hand heat, Remo body, from the top down, called Dry bath Is better than wind cold qi, heat headache , all kinds of diseases Divide all " The above contents of Daodaojing have been praised and quoted by many books. Sui Dynasty's" On the causes and symptoms of various diseases At the end of each volume, there is a guide to massage. At that time, self-massage as a content of massage is very popular, and its wide development shows that massage therapy attaches importance to prevention and pays attention to the patient's fight against disease Subjective initiative . During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when massage was performed on the body surface, a paste made of traditional Chinese medicine was applied, so that a paste method was developed which could prevent the skin damage of the patient and also make the effect of drugs and techniques complement each other. There are many kinds of paste, there are Shikimi paste , Danshen paste , Aconite paste , Kudzu paste Chen Yuan paste and Wood repellent cream And so on, according to different conditions to choose the application. And the cream can also be used to prevent and cure childhood diseases," Essential prescriptions for a thousand pieces of gold "Pointed out:" Although children have no disease, they often get up early to rub the fontan and hands and feet, and avoid the cold wind." During this period, there were massage specialties, and there were massage doctors, massage therapists and other job titles, which showed that massage was quite popular at that time. Especially famous medical scientists Sun Simiao Highly respected massage guidance, he mentioned in "Prepare urgent daughter essential prescription? Health" : "Massage day three times, a month after all diseases and removal, and running horses, this is the method of health." Sun family This theory is not only the inheritance of the health science before the Tang Dynasty, but also the summary of his own experience, which has a great impact on the later generations.

The characteristics of the development of health massage in the Qing Dynasty are that there are more works on children's massage, rich in content, well-illustrated, simple and easy to use, and it is widely spread in the folk Chinese massage TCM theory based Health massage ; Channel and collaterals Acupoint massage It's the main thing. It's penetrating. It's okay Relax muscles Relieving fatigue, regulating human function, with the effect of improving human immunity, dredging meridians, balancing Yin and Yang, prolonging life.

Massage is simple, safe, comfortable and easy to be accepted. However, if the massage method and location are not paid attention to, it will also cause the patient undue pain or cause difficulty in the operation. Therefore, the massage master should carefully do all the preparatory work before the massage, and then formulate the correct massage program according to the patient's condition, carefully and carefully operate, actively observe and ask the patient's feelings, and avoid rudeness and impatience, and ignore the patient's reaction. Try to avoid accidents. Once the manipulation is used improperly, the operation time is too long or the patient is nervous and other reasons, resulting in abnormal conditions (such as swoon , broken skin, fracture, bleeding, etc.), should be treated in time.

Syncope is a sudden, transient, transient the Loss of consciousness And fainting, due to universality Cerebral ischemia to Cerebral cortex Caused by rapid hypoxia in the case of normal oxygen supply, in a short time Natural recovery . During the massage process, if the patient suddenly feels giddy Nausea, and then Pale face , cold limbs, Be in a cold sweat God fixed eyes, even loss of consciousness and fainting, can be judged as the patient syncope.

Syncope occurs during massage, mainly because the patient is too nervous, weak, tired or hungry, caused by too much massage or too long. Once the patient has syncope, massage should be stopped immediately, let the patient lie flat in the air circulation, keep the head low, and generally recover naturally after rest. If the patient is suffering from severe syncope, choking, Shoulder well , valley, press Artesian spring And other methods to promote its awakening, can also be cooperated needling And other methods. In the case of Low Blood Sugar Cause syncope, can let the patient drink some sugar water.

In the use of erasure, due to improper operation can sometimes lead to the recipient's skin damage, this time should do some Department of surgery Handling, and avoid operating on the damaged area, and prevent infection. non-use erasing When, not hard friction.

Massages don't usually come up Subcutaneous hemorrhage If the patient's local skin appears bluish, it may be due to the massage is too heavy or the patient has a disease of easy bleeding. If there is subcutaneous bleeding, massage should be stopped immediately, generally bleeding will stop by itself, 2-3 days later, massage can be carried out locally, and it can also be matched Wet compress And let it gradually dissipate.

The massage is too heavy or rough, the patient is prone to fracture, and the patient suspected of fracture is diagnosed and treated immediately. The manipulation of children and the elderly should not be too heavy. When doing joint movements, the manipulation should be light to heavy, Range of activity Should be from small to large (can not exceed the normal physiological amplitude), and pay attention to the patient's tolerance, so as not to cause fracture.

It can restore physical strength, reduce fatigue and enhance the human body Blood circulation Improve the human body's resistance to disease, regulate the viscera, beauty and weight loss, disease prevention and treatment, and prolong life. Chinese massage can make the surface of the human body telangiectasia It increases the nutrition of the human skin, improves the skin's breathing, and is beneficial to the skin surface Sweat gland and sebum Secretion, can achieve the purpose of beauty.

Ear massage method

Chinese Qing Dynasty medical scientist Wang Qingren Said: "Two ears through the brain, listen to the sound of the brain." It is believed that the ear and the brain are directly connected. Therefore, the massage of the ear can play a role in clearing the mind, improving memory, strengthening hearing, and eliminating fatigue. Covering the ears and singing drums is a popular method of brain health among Chinese people. The practice is to press the palms of both hands tightly to the ear hole, the fingers overlap At the back of the head, gently button the back occipital with the middle three fingers 10-20 times, press the back occipital with the fingers, suddenly lift away the two palms of the ear hole, continuously open and close 10-20 times, and finally insert the two index or middle fingers into the ear hole, rotate a few times and suddenly pull out for a total of 3-5 times. Then massage Yiming, Yifeng Yifeng Cave in earlobe And the depression between the high bone behind the ear, Yiming point Yifeng point about an inch to the back of the head. Two points massage method is the same. Press on the point with the middle finger, rotate forward for 10 circles, and then rotate in the opposite direction for 10 circles, massage which point can be massaged first.

Finally, do the rubbing. Put the palm in front of the ear, flat on the face, evenly push back, wipe the ear, and then push the earback back from behind the ear, repeatedly 10-20 times, to appear in both ears Thermal induction As well.

Nasal massage

Nasal massage, mainly through dredging the meridians. improve Respiratory system The function of promoting blood circulation to achieve patency Nasal meatus To enhance the functions of the five senses and clear the mind.

The nose is not only important respiratory organs But also connected with the mouth, eyes, and ears, so the ancients believed that only the nasal passage was smooth, in order to further achieve" The seven apertures in the human body Open ".

The first thing to do when massage is to open the nasal passages. Take a deep breath and use thumb Hold the nasal cavity with the index finger, and gradually force to go out, then you will feel that the gas that can not be exhaled is pressed to the ears and eyes, to feel the gas Dane After the ear, suddenly let go of the fingers, breathe normally two or three times, and then do the next time, a total of three times. And do the opposite Breathing training First exhale the residual air in the body, then pinch the nasal cavity with your fingers, do not exhale and do not inhale, then suddenly loosen your fingers, take a deep breath, and do it repeatedly three times. When doing the above training, we must pay attention to two points: first, do not do too much, hold red; Second, take two or three normal breaths in between to prevent hypoxia in the body.

Then, press and rub the nasal points. First up is the Yingxiang County The hole, the location is Ala nasi Outer edge about 0.5 inch, in Nasolabial groove Medium. Use both middle fingers or index fingers to rub 20-30 times. secondly nasolone The point is located at the upper end of the nasolabial groove where the cartilage meets durum The junction. Use your middle finger to press 15-20 times with medium force.

Massage massage health care techniques guide

1. Pressing manipulation

Is the thumb or palm root and other parts in a certain part or acupoint gradually downward hard press, press and leave, not stiff, this is an inductive technique, applicable to all parts of the body. Clinically, the method can be divided into finger method, palm method and elbow bending method.

Fingering method:

The contact surface is small, the strength of the stimulus is easy to control and adjust, not only can open the block, dispel cold and pain, but also can health care and beauty, is the most commonly used health care Manipulation of massage One of them. As usual press the face and eye points, both beauty, but also to protect eyesight.

Palm press method:

The contact surface is large, the stimulation is relatively mild, and it is suitable for the treatment of a large and relatively flat area, such as the waist and back, the abdomen, etc.

Elbow bending press method:

Manipulation of massage

Press the body surface with the prominent olecranon part of the elbow flexion, this method is high pressure and strong stimulation, so it is only suitable for the muscular and thick parts, such as the waist and buttocks. When operating according to the method, the strength part should be close to the body surface, cannot be moved, and the force should be light and heavy, and cannot be violently pressed. Always follow the law Kneading manipulation Combined with the application, the composition of the "kneading" composite technique, that is, when the pressing force reaches a certain depth, then make a small amplitude of slowly kneading, so that the technique is both strong and soft.

2. Rubbing manipulation

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Massage should also pay attention to techniques

The surface of the palm or finger is attached to the surface of the acupoint to Wrist joint forearm clockwise or anticlockwise Circular rhythmic movement. Rubbing method is divided into finger rubbing method, palm rubbing method, palm root rubbing method, etc.

Fingerrubbing method:

With your index finger, middle finger, The fourth finger The face is attached to a certain part, with the wrist joint as the center, together with the palm and finger for rhythmic circular movement.

Palm rubbing method:

The face of the palm is attached to a certain part, with the wrist joint as the center, and the palm and finger are used for rhythmic circular movement.

metacarpus Rubbing manipulation :

The base of the palm is large, Hypothenar eminence The force is rubbed on the body, and the fingers are slightly cocked when the fingers are rubbed, and the joints between the fingers and the palms are slightly flexion Wrist power Swing from side to side; The operation can be carried out alternately.

When applying the rubbing method, require Articulatio cubiti Natural flexion, wrist relaxation, fingers and palms naturally straight, the movement should be relaxed and coordinated. The frequency is about 120 beats per minute. This method of stimulation is gentle and gentle. Flank rib Part of the common technique. If you often use the rubbing method to rub the abdomen and flank, you can make the qi machine smooth, play a wide chest qi regulation, Strengthen the spleen and stomach The effect of increasing appetite.

massage

catalogue

Development history

definition

effect

Dredge channels and collaterals

Regulating qi and blood

Boost immunity

Main feature

Be careful

species

Diagnostic method

trick

Pressing manipulation

Rubbing manipulation

Pushing manipulation

Grasping manipulation

Kneading manipulation

Kneading manipulation

Flutter manipulation

play

indication

contraindication

Matters needing attention

Situation handling

summarize

swoon

Broken skin

Subcutaneous hemorrhage

fracture

Major advantage