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Latvia

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Republic of Latvia ( Latvian : Latvijas Republika, short for Latvia. The name of the country comes from the ethnic language, meaning "armor", "metal clothing", located in Baltic Sea East coast, north and Estonia , Minami Yo Republic of Lithuania , Higashiro Russia , southeast and Belarus Border on. The total length of the border is 1,862 kilometers, and the land area is 64,589 square kilometers, of which the land area is 62,046 square kilometers and the internal water area is 2,543 square kilometers. It has an average elevation of 87 meters and features hills and plains. The climate is an intermediate type of transition from Marine climate to continental climate. The average temperature in January is -4.6℃, the average temperature in July is 21.4℃, and the average temperature at night is 11℃. The average annual precipitation is 732 mm. Latvia has 35 counties and 7 municipalities, the capital of which is Riga . In 2022, Latvia has a population of 1.876 million. [2]
Feudalism was established in the 10th century duchy From the end of the 12th century to 1562, by Germanic The Crusades Seized and later vested in the Delivonian regime. From 1583 to 1710, it was successively Sweden Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was occupied by the Russian Empire and Germany from 1710 to 1918, declared independence on November 18, 1918, and was founded in July 1940 Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic On August 5 of the same year The Soviet Union Annex into Soviet republics First, the economic reforms implemented in the later period completely changed the old rigid economic model of the former Soviet Union, and finally established the Western European style Capitalist market economy . Latvia regained its independence on 22 August 1991. [2]
Latvia is a developed country capitalism State, became on 29 March 2004 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Member State, acceded on 1 May 2004 European Union . It became available on 21 December 2007 Schengen Convention Member states. On January 1, 2014, Latvia officially became a state euroland The 18th Member State. Latvia 2022 GDP: 39.1 billion euros, GDP growth rate: 2%, GDP per capita: 20,719 euros.
Chinese name
Republic of Latvia [2]
Foreign name
The Republic of Latvia [2] (English)
Latvijas Republika (in Latvian)
Abbreviated form
Latvia
continent
Europe
capital
Riga [2]
Major city
Daugava Pierce , Liepaia , Ventspils , Jurmala Etc. [2]
National Day
November 18th [2]
National song
God Bless Latvia
Country code
LVA
Official language
Latvian [2]
currency
Euro [2]
Time zone
UTC+2
Political system
A parliamentary republic
National leader
Edgars Rinkevich (President) , Evica Silinia [19] (Prime Minister)
Population number
1.876 million [2] (2022)
Population density
30.3 persons/km2 [7] (2020)
Major nationality
Latvians [2]
Major religion
Lutheranism [2] , Catholicism
Land area
64589 km²
Land area
62046 km²
Water area ratio
1.5%
Total GDP
39.1 billion euros (2022)
Per capita GDP
20,719 euros (2022)
International telephone area code
371
International domain name abbreviation
.lv
Road access
Drive on the right

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. 2Geographical environment
  3. ▪Regional location
  4. ▪landform
  5. ▪Climatic characteristics
  6. ▪Drainage distribution
  7. 3Natural resources
  8. 4Administrative division
  9. ▪regionalization
  10. ▪capital
  11. 5National symbol
  12. ▪flag
  13. ▪National emblem
  14. ▪National anthem
  15. 6population
  1. 7political
  2. ▪regime
  3. ▪constitution
  4. ▪judiciary
  5. ▪congress
  6. ▪government
  7. ▪Political party
  8. ▪dignitaries
  9. 8economy
  10. ▪summarize
  11. ▪agriculture
  12. ▪industry
  13. ▪Service industry
  14. ▪tourism
  15. ▪finance
  16. ▪foreign trade
  17. ▪Foreign capital
  1. ▪Outward investment
  2. ▪Famous company
  3. 9culture
  4. ▪Language
  5. ▪religion
  6. ▪Festivals
  7. 10Military affairs
  8. 11traffic
  9. ▪highroad
  10. ▪Water transport
  11. ▪railway
  12. ▪Air freight
  13. ▪Oil pipeline
  14. 12society
  15. ▪People's livelihood
  16. ▪Medical treatment
  1. ▪education
  2. ▪medium
  3. ▪Physical education
  4. 13diplomacy
  5. ▪National policy
  6. ▪China-latin America relations
  7. ▪Relations between Latin America and Russia
  8. ▪Relations between Latvia and Europe
  9. ▪Latin American relations
  10. ▪Baltic Sea
  11. 14travel
  12. ▪Scenic spot
  13. ▪World heritage site
  14. 15Epidemic information

Historical evolution

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EDITOR
Latvia
Around 3000 BC, the ancestors of the Latvians settled in Baltic Sea The east coast. In 900 BC, the Kroni, Semegalian, Ratgalian, The Selenians And those who speak Finnish A Livonian Several different Baltic tribes settled in Latvia. The Balts established to Ancient Rome The trade routes are made locally amber Exchange precious metals. [3]
In the late 12th century, the first missionaries were Pope of Rome Dispatch, here comes The Daugava River Missionary work downstream. And gradually established by Germany The settlement was dominated by merchants and missionaries but the local population did not accept it Christianity . Germanic Crusaders were sent to Latvia to convert the population to Christianity by force. At this time, the Kroni, the Semegalian, the Ratgalian, The Selenians Have established their own kingdoms and fought against the invaders. But in the early 13th century, German Controlled most of present-day Latvia and Estonia The southern region. And established crusader states in the conquered areas that came to be known Mariadi or Livonia . Riga became a major trading center and was added in 1281 Hanseatic League . [3]
In the 18th century, Russia from Sweden and Poland Acquired all the territory of present-day Latvia. World War I After the end, Latvia gained independence on November 18, 1918, but in World War II In the meantime, The Soviet Union It annexed Latvia again and made it one Joining republic . [3]
In 1980, The Soviet Union Political reforms were initiated, which also contributed to the development of the Latvian independence movement. [3]
On 22 August 1991, the Supreme Soviet of Latvia declared the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia. On September 6 of the same year, The State Council of the Soviet Union recognized the independence of Latvia. On 17 September, Latvia joined The United Nations . [3]
The Svente Estate
Since independence, Latvia has actively cultivated relations with Western countries, which it joined in 2004 European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization . [2]
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 7 October 2006. The BJP won 23 of the 100 seats, Green Party and Farmers Union Won 18 seats, New Era Party Got 18 seats, Harmonious center party With 17 seats, Latvian First Party and Latvian Road Campaign Alliance , The Alliance of Fatherland and Liberty , For the unified Latvian Human Rights Party They won 10, 8 and 6 seats respectively. The People's Party, the Green Party and the Farmers' Union, the Latvian First Party and the Latvian Road Campaign Alliance and the Fatherland and Freedom Alliance formed a coalition government. Aigars Calvitis Stay on as prime minister. [2]
On 31 May 2007, the Latvian Parliament held presidential elections, Valdis Zatlers Elected president. [2]
On 29 May 2019, the Latvian Parliament elected Egiers Levites as the new President of Latvia. [4]
On April 19, 2022, Latvia announced an energy crisis in the field of the supply of petroleum products in the country, which will last until December 31. [12]
On July 8, 2023, Edgars Rinkevich Edgars RINKEVICS was sworn in as the country's seventh president since it regained independence in 1991. [18]
拉脱维亚 拉脱维亚 拉脱维亚
Latvia

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Regional location

Latvia is located in Eastern European plain The west is near. Baltic Sea The East Bank, Gulf of Riga Deep inland; with Estonia , Russia , Belarus and Republic of Lithuania Border on. The land area is 64,589 square kilometers, of which the land area is 62,046 square kilometers and the internal water area is 2,543 square kilometers. [2]

landform

The terrain of Latvia consists of plains, lowlands and low hills, three quarters of which are below 120 m above sea level, with the highest point 311 m above sea level. [2]
Latvia's coastline is 307 km long, Gulf of Riga Deep inland. The whole terrain is low and flat, with hills in the east and west. The total length of the border is 1,841 km, of which the coastline is 496 km. The average elevation is 87 meters, and the landform is hilly and plain, mainly podzolized soil, about half of which is arable land. [2]

Climatic characteristics

Map of Latvia
Latvia is an intermediate type of transition from a maritime climate to a continental climate, with an average temperature of -4.6 ° C in January, 21.4 ° C in July and 11 ° C at night. The average annual precipitation is 732 mm. [2]

Drainage distribution

A view of the Old City of Riga
The main rivers of Latvia are The Daugava River And the Goa River. There are many lakes and swamps in the territory. There are 140 lakes with an area of more than 1 square kilometer, and there are larger lakes Lake Lubans Lake Lazna, Lake Egole and Lake Bourtenieks. Climatic genera Marine climate to Continental climate Intermediate type of transition. There are 14,000 rivers, 777 of which are more than 10 kilometers long.

Natural resources

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EDITOR
Latvia has peat, limestone , gesso , dolomite A small amount of minerals such as quartz sand. There are 14,000 wild species. The forest area is 3.497 million hectares, of which 1.86 million hectares are state-owned forests, with a coverage rate of 49.9 percent. [2]

Administrative division

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EDITOR

regionalization

As of July 1, 2021, Latvia is divided into 42 first-level administrative regions with 35 counties and 7 municipalities. [2] The cities of Latvia will be divided into national cities and countycities, with municipalities being Daugava Pierce (Daugavpils), Yergava (Jelgava), Jacob Pierce (J kabpils) Jurmala (J) rmala Liepaia (Liepaja), Ogre (Ogre), Rezekne (R zekne), Riga (R? ga), Valmiera (Valmiera), Ventspils (Ventspils) Ten cities. [9]

capital

Riga
Riga, an area of 307 square kilometers, population 632,600. locate Baltic Sea The center of the country, latitude 56 degrees 58 minutes 0 seconds north, longitude 24 degrees 8 minutes 0 seconds east, bordering the Gulf of Riga, across the city The Daugava River On both sides, 15 km north of the Baltic Sea. Be in Western Europe At the crossroads of the East, Russia and Scandinavia, its port is strategically important and is known as the "beating heart of the Baltic Sea" and the "Paris of the North". Because Riga is near a river and a lake, it is also known as three rivers and one lake, the three rivers refer to the Daugava River, the Leruba River, the city canal, and the lake refers to the Giz Lake. It has an area of 307 square kilometers. The average temperature in January is -4.6℃, the average temperature in July is 21.4℃, and the average temperature throughout the year is 6.7℃. [3]

National symbol

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EDITOR

flag

National Flag Of Latvia
Flag of Latvia It is a horizontal rectangle, the ratio of length to width is about 2:1. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel horizontal strips, red, white and red. As early as the 13th century, the Latga people living in Latvia used red, white and red flags. The national flag was de facto legalized in 1918, and the colors and proportions of the flag were determined in 1922. When Latvia became a republic of the Soviet Union in 1940, the flag was a white and blue water pattern on the lower part of the Soviet flag. After Latvia declared independence in 1990, the red, white and red flag, a symbol of the national unity of Latvia, was adopted as the national flag. This red is actually a unique dark red, the international habit is called "Latvian red". The dark red eulogizes the patriotic feelings of Latvians who bravely and shed their blood for the motherland, while the white expresses the yearning and desire of Latvians for peace and tranquility.

National emblem

Coat of arms of Latvia
Coat of arms of Latvia Divided into large, medium and small three styles. The small national emblem is the coat of arms: above the sun, 17 rays representing the 17 Latvian-speaking regions; The lion in the lower left corner represents western Latvia; The griffon in the lower right corner represents the eastern region. Above the shield are three five-pointed stars, symbolizing the three historical districts. The Chinese national emblem was added Oak A twig. The branches of the national emblem are tied with the national flag and guarded by lions and griffins on the left and right.

National anthem

God Bless Latvia (Latvian: Dievs,sv? Latviju!) It's the national anthem of Latvia. The composer and lyricist were Karlis Baumanis (1834-1904). [3]

population

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EDITOR
Latvians
In 2022, Latvia has a population of 1.876 million. Ethnic Latvians accounted for 62%, Russians 25.4%, Belarusians 3.3%, Ukrainians 2.2%, and Poles 2.1%. There are also Jews, Estonians and other ethnic groups. [20]

political

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EDITOR

regime

Latvian Army
Latvia is independent Democratic republic Sovereignty belongs to all the people. The country is made up of four historic regions: Vidzem, Latgalil, Kurzem and Zemgalil. Latvian is the official language. All citizens are equal before the law and the courts. The Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country, with a unicameral system. Members of Parliament serve four-year terms and are directly elected by citizens over the age of 18. The President is elected by the Parliament for a four-year term, with a maximum of two terms and a total term of no more than eight years. After being elected President, he shall not hold any other office, and if elected President, he shall give up his rights and duties as a member of Parliament. The main powers of the president include: being the supreme commander of the national armed forces, making the decision to resist aggression when the country is invaded by foreign enemies or when another country declares war on Latin America; Represents the state in external affairs, is responsible for appointing diplomatic representatives and receiving envoys sent by foreign countries. Sign and promulgate treaties signed between the State and foreign countries and laws passed by the Parliament. Appoints the Prime Minister and authorizes him to form a government (subject to a simple majority in Parliament). The President has the power to declare an amnesty. The right to propose the dissolution of Parliament, subject to a vote of all citizens aged 21 years or over, if more than 50% support the President's proposal, Parliament shall be dissolved; If not, the president must resign and parliament chooses a new president. [2]

constitution

On 6 July 1993, the National Assembly passed a resolution restoring the constitution adopted at the beginning of independence in 1922. The Constitution stipulates that Latvia is an independent democratic republic, the Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country, and the President is elected by the Parliament for a four-year term, a maximum of two terms, and a total term of no more than eight years. The President appoints the Prime Minister and authorizes him to form a government (subject to a simple majority in Parliament). [2]

judiciary

Aigars STRUPISS, President of the Supreme Court of Latvia, assumed office in 2020. Attorney General Juris STUKANS, who takes office in 2020. [2]

congress

The highest legislative body of the country is unicameral, consisting of 100 members elected for four-year terms by citizens over the age of 18. Parties must win more than 5 percent of the vote to enter parliament. The current parliament is the 14th parliament elected in October 2022, and there are seven parliamentary groups. At present, the parties in the Parliament have 26 seats for the New Unity Party, 16 seats for the Green Farmers Union, 14 seats for the Joint List, 13 seats for the National Union Party, 10 seats for the Stability Party, 10 seats for the Progress Party, 8 seats for the First Party of Latvia, and 3 seats for independent parliamentarians. Daiga Mierina, a member of the Green Farmers Alliance, is the speaker of Parliament. The leading body of the Parliament is the Presidium of the Parliament, which is composed of the President (the Speaker), two vice-presidents, and five deputy secretaries-general. The Parliament consists of 15 committees, which meet twice a year in the spring and autumn.

government

The current government was formed in September 2023 with the following members: Prime Minister Evika Sili Lina (New Unity Party), Minister of Foreign Affairs Krisjanis Karins (New Unity Party), Minister of Defense Andris Spr (Green Farmers Union), Economy Minister Viktors Valainis (Green Farmers Union), Finance Minister Arvils A? eradens (New Unity Party), Interior Minister Rihards Kozlovskis (New Unity Party), Minister of Education and Science and Technology Anda Akakesha (New Unity Party), Minister of Climate and Energy Kaspars Melnis (Green Farmers Alliance), Minister of Culture Agnese Logina (Progress Party), Welfare Minister Uldis Augulis (Green Farmers' Union), Transport Minister Kaspars Blishkens (Green Farmers' Union), Justice Minister Inese L? bi Lina-Egnere (New Unity Party), Minister of Health Hosams Abu Meri (New Unity Party), Minister of Environmental Protection and Regional Development Inga Berzina (New Unity Party), Minister of Agriculture Armands Krauze (Green Farmers Alliance).
National government building

Political party

Political parties entered the 14th Parliament of Latvia
Party name
Party information
New Unity Party
Member of the ruling coalition. Centre-right party. It was formed in 2010 by the merger of the New Era Party, the Civic Union and the Society for Political Change. In 2018, the Unity Party merged five local parties - the Kurdiga District Party, the Valmiera and Vizeme Parties, the Tucums City and Tucums District Party, the Yekaburpes Regional Party and the Latgarh Party to form a new Unity Party. There were 26 seats in the Fourteenth Parliament.
Union of Greens and Farmers
Member of the ruling coalition. Green conservative, physiocratic centre-right party. It was formed in 2002 by a merger of the Latvian Farmers' Union and the Green Party of Latvia. There are 16 seats in the 14th Parliament.
The United List (United List)
Member of the ruling coalition. A centre-wing party. It was formed by the Latvian Green Party, the Latvian Regional Association and the Liepaja Party, and entered parliament for the first time. There are 14 seats in the 14th Parliament.
National Alliance - All For Latvia, for the Motherland and the National Alliance "All For Latvia!" - "For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK")
The National Alliance for short. Member of the ruling coalition. Nationalist right wing party. Led by the far-right party All For Latvia! The alliance was formed in 2010 with the right-wing For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK. It became a single party on 23 July 2011. The National Alliance had 13 seats in the fourteenth Parliament.
Political Party (" For Stability ")
The opposition party. Centre-wing parties. The main leaders of the party have defected from the ethnic Russian Harmony Party. He entered parliament for the first time, with 10 seats in the 14th Parliament.
Progressive Party (Progressives)
Centre-left party, formerly an NGO of the same name. He entered parliament for the first time, with 10 seats in the 14th Parliament.
Latvia in First Place
The opposition party. The right-wing party, which entered parliament for the first time, has eight seats in the 14th Parliament.
Reference material

dignitaries

Latvian dignitaries
job
name
Character introduction
Pres.
Edgars Rinkevich (Edgars RINKEVICS)
Male, born in Latvia in September 1973 Jurmala City. Universities of Latvia Master of Science in Political Science, Master of National Resource Strategy, Armed Forces Industrial College, National Defense University. He served as Foreign Minister from October 2011 to 2023, was elected president on 31 May 2023, and was sworn in on 8 July.
premier
Evika Silina
Woman. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia with a Master's degree in law. He entered politics in 2011 and served as Legal Adviser to the Minister of Home Affairs, Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Home Affairs and Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister's Office from 2011 to 2022. In November 2022, he was elected as a member of the 14th Parliament of Latvia. Minister of Welfare from December 2022 to September 2023; In September 2023, he was nominated by the New Unity Party as the prime minister candidate, and on September 15, the Parliament voted through the new government reorganization, and he was elected prime minister.
speaker
Daiga Mierina
Female, bachelor degree from Latvian Agricultural University, majoring in horticulture, master degree from Riga Polytechnic University, majoring in quality inspection. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Green Farmers Alliance since 2013. In 2022, he was elected to the 14th Parliament on behalf of the Green Farmers Alliance and chaired the Parliamentary Committee on Public Administration and Local Government; On 20 September 2023, he was elected Speaker of the Parliament.
Minister of Foreign affairs
Baiba Blaser
Mr. Blaser joined the Latvian Foreign Ministry in 1993 and has served as NATO's under-secretary general for public diplomacy and as Latvia's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Indonesia and the Netherlands. [22]
Reference materials:
Latvian government officials

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

World War II During this period, Latvia's economy was severely damaged. However, due to the good economic foundation, the post-war economy has been rapidly restored and developed. In 1980, industrial output was 44 times that of 1940, and agricultural output was 40 percent higher than that of 1940. In 1988, the total value of industrial and agricultural production was 13.325 billion rubles, and the national income was 7.288 billion rubles. In 1989, the gross industrial and agricultural product and per capita national income increased by 2.1% and 4.1% respectively over the previous year, reaching 13.604 billion rubles and 7.6 billion rubles. In 1990, Latvia's GDP accounted for 1.2% of the whole Soviet Union, ranking 11th in the whole Soviet Union, and it is one of the regions with the highest level of economic development in the whole Soviet Union. After independence, Latvia abandoned the old model of highly centralized planned economy of the Soviet Union and implemented the basic economic policy of transition to a market economy. The main ideas and contents of its economic reform are: in the aspect of ownership, the economic structure should be completely reformed, the state-owned property should be denationalized and privatized, and the economic system dominated by the ownership of the whole people should be changed; In economic management, we should break the monopoly of the state and vigorously encourage and develop market operations. In summary, Latvia's economic reform is mainly to completely change the old rigid economic model of the Soviet Union, and finally establish a Western-style capitalist market economy. To this end, since independence, the country has promulgated many relevant laws and decrees on the reform of property rights, privatization, liberalization of prices, and a series of practical measures aimed at the transition of the economic model to a market economy. For example, since independence, it has basically liberalized prices, which are regulated by the market. [3]
After the restoration of independence in 1991, Latvia reformed its economic system along the Western model, promoting privatization and a free market economy. It was officially admitted as a member of the World Trade Organization in 1998. In 2008, the country was hit hard by the international financial crisis, and its GDP fell by 20% for two consecutive years. In 2009, it received a 7.5 billion euro loan from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union, successfully implemented fiscal austerity, and resumed economic growth in 2011. Joined the eurozone in 2014.
Key economic data for Latvia for 2022
Gross domestic product
39.1 billion euros
GDP growth rate
2%
Gross domestic product per capita
20,719 euros
Unemployment rate
7.1%
Inflation rate
17.3%
Reference materials:

agriculture

In 1996, the output value of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry in Latvia accounted for 8.7 per cent of the gross national product. Nearly one-third of the country's population lives in rural areas, and 17% are engaged in agricultural production. Farming to produce grain, Linen , beet Feed and potato based. Animal husbandry is mainly the dual use of milk and meat livestock industry, raising cattle and pigs. Beekeeping is well developed. By the beginning of 1995, 64,264 family farming units had been established and 79 out of 319 agricultural enterprises had been privatized. Per capita annual production of 387 kg of milk, 404 kg of potatoes, 348 kg of grain. [3]
Latvian agriculture, including farming, animal husbandry, fishing and other industries, in 2021 agricultural production value of 1.327 billion euros, down 6.8%, accounting for 4.6% of GDP. (Source: Latvian Central Statistical Office) [2]

industry

Latvia's industry is in Baltic Sea The three countries ranked first, and agriculture ranked second. In Soviet times, industry was known for machine building, which consumed little metal. The main production of electrical, radio, electronic equipment and medical equipment, and to the other republics of the Soviet Union for processing, finished products for sale. Animal husbandry is developed, and its output value accounts for 68% of the total agricultural output value. After independence, the country began to pursue privatization and a market economy, issued a national currency, implemented a new tax policy and an independent budget. The disruption of traditional trade relations with the countries of the Soviet Union caused serious difficulties in the supply of energy and other imported goods, which for a time led to a significant decline in production. The economy did not pick up until 1994. Since 1991, the structure of the Latvian national economy has changed significantly, and the proportion of the service sector in the overall national economy has increased from 31% in 1990 to 51% in 1994. Due to mistakes in macro-control policies, the financial crisis occurred in the summer of 1995, and the country's largest commercial bank, the Baltic Bank, declared bankruptcy, which affected the momentum of economic recovery. After the formation of the new government in December 1995, it advocated the active development of production and the restoration of traditional economic and trade links with Russia and other CIS countries. The national economy rebounded slightly in 1996, with GDP reaching $5 billion, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. [3]
The pillars of Latvian industry include mining, processing and manufacturing, and water and electrical supply. In 2021, the industrial output value was 4.747 billion euros, an increase of 7.4%, accounting for 16.5% of GDP, of which chemicals and chemical products manufacturing increased by 25.6%, rubber and plastic products manufacturing increased by 11.2%, metal products manufacturing increased by 10%. [2]

Service industry

The service sector is the backbone of Latvia. In 2021, the output value of the Latin American service industry is 22.687 billion euros, accounting for 78.9% of the GDP. [2]

tourism

In 2021, it received a total of 1.306 million tourists, down 10.7% year-on-year, of which the number of foreign tourists was 442,000, down 38.2% year-on-year; The number of local visitors was 864,000, up 15.6 percent year-on-year. In 2021, 1,308 Chinese tourists will visit Latin America. The main tourist cities and scenic areas in La are: Riga Ancient city, Jurmala Beach, Higuda and Cesis Scenic area, open-air folk museum, Londalei Palace and so on. The main tourism companies in the country are: Latvia Tours, Riga Travel Agency, Tas Travel Agency, Student and Youth Travel), Baltic Travel Group, and others. [2]

finance

In 2022, the central government's fiscal revenue of 14.3 billion euros, fiscal expenditure of 15.7 billion euros, and fiscal deficit of 1.4 billion euros.
The Bank of Latvia (Central Bank) was established on September 19, 1922, on September 3, 1991 the Bank of Latvia was restored to the status of a central bank that could issue money, and in 1993 the Bank of Latvia officially issued the Lat. By the end of 2019, there were 15 commercial banks and 1 policy bank in Latin America. The main commercial banks are: Swed Bank (Swed Banka), SEB Union Bank (SEB Banka), DnB Bank (DnB Banka), Citadele Bank (Citadele Banka), Nordea Banak Finland Latvia Branch, Rietumu Bank (Rietumu Banka). (Source: Latvian Commercial Banks Association)

foreign trade

Latvia has trade relations with more than 120 countries and regions in the world. In 2022, Latin America's total import and export trade amounted to 47.77 billion euros, an increase of 32.8%. Among them, imports amounted to 26.5 billion euros, an increase of 35.8%, and exports amounted to 21.27 billion euros, an increase of 29.3%.
The trade volume of imports and exports in recent years is as follows (unit: 100 million euros) :
2020
2021
2022
Value of exports
131.89
164.9
212.7
Amount of imports
150.77
194.3
265
difference
18.88
29.4
52.3
Source: Latvian Central Statistical Office
Latvia's main trading partners are neighboring EU member states and CIS countries, and its economic development is highly dependent on neighboring countries. In 2022, the main exporting countries of Latvia are Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, Russia and Sweden, and the main importing countries are Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, Poland and Russia. Latin America's main exports are wood, wood products and charcoal, iron and steel, fossil fuels; The main imports were fossil fuels, machinery and spare parts, vehicles and spare parts.

Foreign capital

As of the fourth quarter of 2022, Latvia has attracted a stock of foreign investment of 22.59 billion euros, and the main investors in Latvia are Sweden, Estonia, Lithuania and other countries. Investment in Latin America is mainly concentrated in finance and insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail, motor vehicle and motorcycle repair, manufacturing and other fields. Latvia has joined with Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, China, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Korea, Kuwait, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore and Sri Lanka Lovak, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and other countries and regions signed investment protection agreements.

Outward investment

As of the fourth quarter of 2022, Latvia's foreign investment accumulated 5.324 billion euros. Foreign investment is mainly concentrated in the fields of finance and insurance, wholesale and retail, motor vehicle and motorcycle repair, manufacturing, scientific research and technological activities.

Famous company

(1) "Aldaris" brewery: the largest brewery in Latin America with a history of more than 140 years. It mainly produces a variety of beers and non-alcoholic beverages, with annual sales of nearly $38 million. Products are exported to Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries.
(2) "Laima" chocolate factory (Laima) : the largest chocolate confectionery manufacturer in Latin America, founded in 1924, with annual sales of more than 35 million US dollars. The main products are: chocolate candy, chocolate cake, milk candy, fruit drop and so on. The products are exported to the United States, Germany, Israel, Sweden, Switzerland, Estonia, Lithuania and other countries and regions.
(3) "Grindex" Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. (Grindex) : the leading company in the pharmaceutical industry of the three Baltic countries, including the development, production and distribution of pharmaceuticals. Manufactures a wide range of pharmaceutical products, including several patented products, and its products are sold in more than 50 countries. It has subsidiaries in Latvia, Estonia and Russia and offices in several countries.
(4) Latvijas balzams (Latvijas balzams), founded in 1900 and now part of the Amber Beverage Holding Group, is the largest producer of alcoholic beverages in the Baltic region, with more than 130 brands exported to more than 170 markets worldwide. The brand name is Riga Black Balsam, a blend of traditional herbs and pure vodka.
(5) Food Union is a global dairy and ice cream manufacturer headquartered in Riga, with Riga Dairy, Valmiera Dairy and Riga Dairy in Latvia, as well as plants in Estonia, Lithuania, Denmark, Norway, Romania, Russia, Belarus and other countries. The products are exported to 25 markets worldwide. In 2018, the company established a dairy processing base in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which produces yogurt and fresh cheese.
(6) Riga Varnish and Paint Factory is the largest mineral paint and coatings production plant in the Baltic Sea, founded in 1898 and now a private company. The mineral paint produced by the factory is welcomed by Chinese consumers for its excellent characteristics such as environmental protection, positive color and antibacterial. It has been applied to the core area of 100,000 square meters of Beijing Daxing New Airport, the transformation of old urban areas and the construction of new urban areas in Harbin.

culture

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Language

The official language of Latvia is Latvian Divided into central, eastern and northern three dialects, belong to Indo-European Baltic language family, also based on the Latin alphabet script. More than 95% of the population understands Russian and about 10% of the population understands Russian German , English . General Russian, English . Nordic languages have a base in Latvia, such as Swedish. [2]

religion

Latvian residents are mainly Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Old religion According to 2006 statistics, the majority of Latvians are religious, but only 7% attend church regularly. Catholicism Half a million, Lutheran Protestants 450,000, Orthodox 350,000. [2]

Festivals

Festival name
date
World War II Memorial Day
On May 8th [1]
National Heroes and Defenders Day
November 11th [1]
National Day
November 18th [1]

Military affairs

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The formation of the army began on 23 August 1991 and the Ministry of Defence was established in November 1991. The national defense force consists of the land, sea, air force and National Guard. Military service was compulsory until 2006, and the army was professionalized from January 2007. According to their wishes, the army signs a service contract with the soldier for 3 to 15 years. The troop strength is planned to remain at around 5,100. The United States, Britain, Germany, France and the Nordic countries provided training and equipment to Latin America in the process of building up the army, especially after the country joined NATO in April 2004. So far, Latin America has established contacts with the militaries of more than 40 countries and signed military cooperation agreements with nearly 30 countries. Since April 1996, the LA Army has participated in international peacekeeping operations. The defense budget for 2022 is 758.35 million euros, or 2.2% of GDP. The government will gradually increase the defence budget to 2.5% of GDP over the next three years.
On July 5, 2022 local time, Latvian Defense Minister Pavlix said that in light of the increasing tensions between Latvia and neighboring Russia during the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the country will restore compulsory military service. [13]

traffic

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highroad

Latvia has 70,645 km of paved roads, of which 20,061 km are national roads, accounting for 28.39% of the total road length. From Latvia, you can take an international bus to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Minsk, Tallinn, Vilnius and other places. Freight market has DB Schenker (DB Schenker), Sinotrans DHL (DHL), DSV Transport (DSV Transport), Depra Express (DPD) and other international companies. In 2020, Latvia's road freight volume was 75.07 million tons, an increase of 2.6% year-on-year.
Latvijas Valsts Celi (Latvijas Valsts Celi), founded in 2004, is a member of the Latvian State and manages national roads in Latvia, responsible for financing, road management, organizing public tenders, supervising construction projects, etc. In 2020, Latvia will invest about 307 million euros in roads, of which 65.1 million euros will be spent on maintenance. [16]

Water transport

Latvia's inland waterways are 350 km long. The main seaports are Riga, Ventspils and Liepaja. In 2021, Latvian ports handled 41.73 million tons of cargo. [16]

railway

Railways in Latvia
The total length of public railways in the country is 1,860 km, which uses the same railway gauge (1,520 mm) as the CIS countries, of which 251 km are electrified. Currently, Latvia does not have a high-speed railway. There are 152 railway stations in Latvia (including 75 freight stations, of which Skirotava and Dhogavapes are the two main cargo transfer hubs). From Riga, international trains can reach Moscow and St. Petersburg in Russia, Kiev and Odessa in Ukraine, and Berlin in Germany via Lithuania and Poland. Domestic lines connect major cities. At present, the main container trains in and out of Riga regularly are: Riga Express (Riga - Moscow), Baltika-Transit (Riga - Kazakhstan - Central Asia), destinations Almaty, Ashgabat, Bishkek, Dushanbe, Tashkent, Herat), ZUBR, Riga - Minsk - Kyiv - Odessa - Ilichovsk), EURASIA1 (Riga - Polotsk - Aktobe - Central Asia). In 2020, Latvia's national rail freight volume was 24 million tons, down 42.3% from the previous year. Among them, the international cargo volume was 21.9 million tons, down 45% year-on-year; Domestic freight volume was 2.1 million tons, up 21.1% year on year.
In November 2016, the first China-Europe train (Yiwu-Riga) arrived in Riga. In May 2017, the first freight train from Riga via Kazakhstan to Kashgar, China was launched. In October 2017, the China-Europe freight train (Urumqi - Riga - Rotterdam) arrived in Riga, opening up a new rail and sea transport channel of the China-Europe freight train "East Link West". In 2018, Wuhan-Riga and Xian-Riga China-Europe Express trains arrived in Riga. [16]

Air freight

Riga International Airport
Latvia has three international airports: Riga, Ventspils and Liepaja. Riga Airport is the largest airport in the three Baltic countries and belongs to the state airport of Latvia. In 2022, Riga International Airport will handle 3.8 million passengers. Founded in 1995, AIR BALTIC is the only international airline in Latin America in which the state holds 97.97% of the shares. The company currently has 34 Airbus A220-300s in its fleet. Riga has direct international flights to London, Manchester, Stuttgart, Vienna, Paris, Rome, Milan, Frankfurt, Dublin, Munich, Brussels, Stockholm, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Warsaw, Tel Aviv, Prague, Tallinn, Vilnius, Kiev, Istanbul and other destinations. [16]

Oil pipeline

The total length of oil pipelines in Latvia is 766 km, of which 437 km are crude oil pipelines and 329 km are petroleum product pipelines. Natural gas transmission pipeline 1242 km. [2]

society

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As of 2020, there are 156 museums, 20 cinemas, 558 cultural centres, 1,505 libraries and 8 theatres in Latvia.

People's livelihood

In 2022, the per capita pre-tax salary of 1,373 euros/month, an increase of 7.5%. In 2023, the minimum monthly wage will be 620 euros. As of 2020, Latvia has 60 hospitals, 10,045 beds, 6,941 professional doctors, 1,305 specialists in the medical field, and 7,957 senior nurses. The hospital implements a separate system of medicine, the supply of drugs is normal, the price is reasonable, and the supervision of drug sales is strict. Health insurance is compulsory in Latvia. According to data released by the Central Statistical Office, the average life expectancy in Latvia in 2022 is 69.4 years for men and 79.3 years for women, with a total life expectancy of 75.2 years.

Medical treatment

As of 2002, there were 142 hospitals, 1,416 clinics, 8,134 doctors and 20,655 beds in Latvia. There are 35 doctors and 88 hospital beds for every 10,000 people. The natural population growth rate is -0.5%, and the average life expectancy is 70.45 years, 64.9 years for males and 76.0 years for females. [1]

education

Latvian schoolchildren
Education in Latvia is compulsory for nine years and private schools are allowed. Universities operate two systems: public and self-funded. More than 90 per cent of the country's children attend state schools. Currently, there are 55 vocational schools and 53 institutions of higher education and colleges. The main institutions of higher learning are: University of Latvia, Technical University of Riga, Latvian Agricultural University, Baltic Russian Academy, Latvian Medical College, Latvian Marine Academy, Latvian Conservatory of Music, Latvian Academy of Arts, etc. The University of Latvia, founded in 1919, is the oldest university in Latvia.

medium

La newspapers and magazines are mainly published in both La and Russian. The main newspapers of Lavin are: Latvian Newspaper, Daily Newspaper, Independent Newspaper, Economic Daily Newspaper, Riga Evening Newspaper, etc. The main Russian-language newspapers are: Today Newspaper, Telegraph (weekly). The English-language newspaper is the Baltic Times (weekly).
The main news agencies are LETA (Latvian News Agency) and BNS (Baltic News Agency). Founded in 1920 as the state news agency, it was privatised in 1997 and provides news from the three Baltic countries in Latin, Russian and English. The Baltic News Agency was founded in Estonia in 1990 and established subsidiaries in Latvia and Lithuania in 1992. It mainly provides news about the countries of Northern Europe and the Baltic Sea region, and publishes articles in five languages: Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian, Russian and English. Latin America has more than 20 foreign correspondents, mainly reporting in Russia, Lithuania, Estonia, the United States, Belgium and other countries. There are more than 100 resident foreign journalists in Latin America, including more than 50 from major Russian newspapers, news agencies and television stations, and others from China, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Canada and other countries. Reuters, DWS and Xinhua have bureaus in Latin America. There are 50 national and local radio stations broadcasting in Latin and Russian respectively. Radio National is a public radio station founded in 1925.
There are 58 national and local television stations. Latvian National Television (LTV) is the largest public television station in Latvia, founded in 1954. The main commercial television stations are: Latvian Independent Television (LNT), Television Three (TV3) and Television Five (TV5). There are also 59 cable TV stations, Baltcom TV and Telia Multicom have the most subscribers and can watch TV programs from Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Poland and other countries. [2]

Physical education

On May 19, 2017, the International Ice Hockey Federation passed the decision of Latvia's Riga City and Belarus's Minsk City to co-host the 2021 World Ice Hockey Championship by 55 votes in favor and 52 votes against. The two cities were awarded the right to host the event after beating out the Finnish cities of Tampere and Helsinki. The tournament is scheduled to take place from May 7-23, 2021. [5]

diplomacy

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EDITOR

National policy

After the restoration of independence, Latvia made membership in the European Union and NATO a diplomatic priority. On April 2, 2004, Latvia officially joined NATO. On May 1, it officially joined the European Union; On December 30, it was announced that the Lat would be officially pegged to the euro from January 1, 2005, with an exchange rate limit of 1%. On January 1, 2014, Latin America officially adopted the euro and became the 18th member of the eurozone. It held the rotating presidency of the EU for the first time in the first half of 2015. In terms of foreign relations, he has made every effort to deepen relations with the European Union and the United States. As of 2021, Latin America has established diplomatic relations with 190 countries.

China-latin America relations

Hui Liangyu and Latvian Prime Minister Dombrovskis
Latvia, 12 September 1991 China Establishing diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. On January 4, 1992, China opened its embassy in La. On January 29 of the same year, the Latin American government and the Taiwan authorities signed the so-called "Joint Statement on the establishment of Consular relations", and the Latin American side allowed Taiwan to open a "consulate-general" in Riga in early February despite China's solemn representations. The Chinese government was forced to decide to withdraw its embassy from La. In July 1994, the Latvian government delegation went to Beijing and pledged to sever consular relations with Taiwan in support of China's consistent position on the Taiwan question. On the 28th, the two sides signed a joint communique on the normalization of relations between the two countries in Beijing. Latvia decided to suspend "consular relations" with Taiwan from the date of the signing of the communique. In August of the same year, the Chinese Embassy resumed its work in Riga. [2]
August 31, 2009, Vice Premier of The State Council Hui Liangyu He visited Riga, capital of Latvia, at the invitation of Prime Minister Dombrovskis of Latvia. Latvia regards China as an important strategic cooperative partner and agrees to strengthen political exchanges with China, carry out further cooperation in the fields of economy and trade, port and land transport, medicine and other fields, strengthen exchanges between the legislative bodies of the two countries and learn from each other's experience in governance. On October 26, 2009, a delegation of the Latvian Harmony Center Party, led by Party Chairman Janis Urbanovic, visited China. [2]
In 2019, China-Latin America friendly and cooperative relations further developed. In April, Latin American Economy Minister Naimiro led a delegation to attend the second high-level Meeting of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. In October, Vice Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense Pablix attended the 9th Xiangshan Forum in China 7th Military World Games . In the same month, Chinese Minister of Culture and Tourism Luo Shugang visited Latvia and inaugurated the Riga Chinese Cultural Center. In November, Latin American Minister of Economy Nemiro visited China The second China International Import Expo . In the same month, the Director General of the Latvian National Police, Ienc Kuz, visited China and signed with the Ministry of Public Security the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Police Headquarters of the Chinese People's Republic and the Republic of Latvia on Strengthening Cooperation in Combating new types of Organized crime such as trans-telecommunications Networks. [2]
According to Chinese statistics, the total trade volume between China and Latin America in 2022 will reach US $1.4 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.1%, of which China's exports will reach US $1.025 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 10.5%, and imports will reach US $375 million, a year-on-year increase of 57%.

Relations between Latin America and Russia

On 4 October 1991, Latvia and Russia Establish diplomatic relations. Latin America and Russia have a long history of grudges and tensions. In 2011, exchanges and cooperation between the two countries increased. In February, State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jack Manis and Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Titov held the annual political consultation between the two foreign ministries in Moscow. In March, the LAC Russian Border Demarcation Commission adopted an action plan to complete the demarcation process by 2015. In April, the co-Chairman of the LatA-Russia Intergovernmental Committee and the Russian Minister of Transport visited Latin America and discussed the agenda of the Lata-Russia Intergovernmental Mixed Committee with the Lata-Russia Co-chairman and the Minister of Economy. The two sides agreed to build a highway linking Riga and Moscow by 2018. In June, the fifth meeting of the Latin American and Russian Inter-governmental Mixed Committee was held in Latin America, with the main topics of cooperation in transport and border affairs between the two countries. The two sides also signed a declaration on "Partnership for Modernization". In October, the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that the international community should put pressure on the country to solve the problem of "non-citizens" as soon as possible. In December, the Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the publication of relevant historical documents by the Russian Foreign Ministry runs counter to the facts, contradicts the consensus of the two sides and is not conducive to the positive development of bilateral relations. The Russian Prime Minister says the Duma election shows that Russia still lacks democracy. The Foreign Ministry called on Russia to pay attention to giving people the right to express their opinions and grievances and to assemble and protest. [2]
On April 4, 2022, Latvia announced that it was lowering the level of diplomatic relations with Russia, and the Russian Foreign Ministry said that it would soon take retaliatory measures in response to Latvia's downgrade of diplomatic relations with Russia Grant. [10]
On April 5, 2022, the Latvian Foreign Ministry said it would expel 13 Russian diplomats and close two Russian consulates in Latvia. [11]
On September 13, 2022, the Russian Association of Travel Agents said that nine EU countries have stopped accepting documents for Russians to issue tourist visas, including packages enclosed Latvia [14] . On September 19, Latvia stopped issuing Schengen visas to Russian citizens and banned Russian citizens with Schengen visas from entering the country. [15]
On January 11, 2023, the Estonian government decided to halve the staff of the Russian embassy in Estonia by February 1, 2023, saying that the move was to ensure equal numbers of staff in the diplomatic missions of the two countries. On January 23, Latvia's Foreign Minister Rinkevics said on his social media account that in view of the situation in Ukraine, Latvia will recall its ambassador to Russia on February 24, 2023, lowering the level of diplomatic relations between Latvia and Russia to the level of charge d 'affaires. [17] On March 27, Latvia's Foreign Ministry declared a diplomat of the Russian embassy in Latvia "persona non grata" and ordered him to leave the country. [21]

Relations between Latvia and Europe

Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, Latvia's economy has been in trouble. In January 2009, the Ministers of Finance of the EU member States decided to spend 3.1 billion euros from the EU medium-term Financial Assistance Fund to disburse emergency financial loans to Latin America over three years. At the same time, Latin America must adopt a series of fiscal austerity reforms. In 2011, Latin America successfully completed the three-year European Union assistance loan project. Latin America plans to join the eurozone in 2014 and will assume the rotating presidency of the European Union in the first half of 2015. In 2011, the President visited Republic of Lithuania , Romania , Poland , Hungary , Estonia Wait for the country. Prime minister's visit Britain , Sweden , Denmark Wait for the country. Speaker's visit to Lithuania, Estonia , Sweden, Germany Wait for the country. [2]
In August 2021, the Latvian government declared a state of emergency in four regions bordering Belarus. [8]

Latin American relations

On September 5, 1991, America Establishing diplomatic relations with Latvia. Latin America Relations are one of the priorities of Latin American bilateral diplomacy. In March 2011, President Zatlers visited the United States, met with Vice President Joe Biden and Speaker of the House John Boehner, and visited Michigan and Detroit. In July, Prime Minister Tombrovskis paid a working visit to the United States and met with Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and representatives of the business community. In September, President Berzin visited the United States and attended the 66th session of the United Nations General Assembly. [2]

Baltic Sea

Map of the three Baltic States
In 2011, The three Baltic States We will continue to maintain close cooperation and take unified actions in major diplomatic activities. In January, the finance ministers of the three countries held their annual meeting in Riga. The Speaker of Parliament paid official visits to Lithuania and Estonia, where he met and held talks with the Presidents of Lithuania and Estonia, the Speaker of Parliament and the Prime Minister respectively, stressing the importance of strengthening trilateral cooperation. In February, the President paid a state visit to Lithuania and held talks with the President of Lithuania, stressing that the construction of energy and transport infrastructure is a priority area of bilateral cooperation. The President of Estonia paid a working visit to Latvia. In April, the three countries held the 2011 Baltic Sea military Exercise. The Prime Minister of Estonia visited Latvia and held talks with him. In July, President Berzin paid his first visit to Estonia and Lithuania after taking office to exchange views on energy and infrastructure cooperation. In August, the foreign ministers of the three countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the five Nordic countries held their annual meeting in Helsinki, and the foreign minister stressed that the future development of the eight countries should be in the direction of political unity, resource sharing and regional economic integration. In September, Estonian President Ilves paid his first visit to Latvia after his re-election and met with President and Prime Minister of Estonia. In November, Prime Minister Tombrovskis went to Tallinn to attend the meeting of the three Prime ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly discussing the economic development situation of the three countries and the eurozone, and exchanging views on the Baltic high-speed railway project. Foreign Minister Rinkevics went to Tallinn for the 17th session of the Council of Baltic States. In December, the President went to Tallinn to meet with the President of Estonia and Li. The parties discussed the international economic situation, regional cooperation and regional security. The two Prime ministers met and signed an agreement on deepening bilateral relations. [2]

travel

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EDITOR

Scenic spot

Latvia's main tourist cities and scenic areas are: Riga Ancient city, Jurmala Beach, Higuda and Cesis scenic areas, open-air folk museum, Rondalet Palace, etc. [1]

World heritage site

Historic Centre of Riga (c, 1997)
Riga is Hanseatic League Its trade with Central and Eastern Europe flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries. Although much of the early architecture was damaged by fire and war, the mid-medieval architecture of the city still reflects this prosperity. Riga became an important economic center in the 19th century, and the outskirts of the medieval town were built, moving from the classical wooden buildings of the beginning to the "Art Nouveau" style. Riga is considered to be the center of the finest "Art Nouveau" architecture in Europe.
Historic Centre of Riga
Struve geological survey site (c, 2005)
Struve's measurement site was named after the 19th century Russian astronomer F.G.W. Named by Struve. Struve conducted an important survey of the Earth's meridian from 1816 to 1855, involving many countries, which is considered to be the first accurate long-range measurement of the meridian in the history of science. This survey played an important normative role in the establishment of the initial meridian of the standard and the drawing of the standard map. It is not only a historical example of multinational scientists working together, but also an example of multinational monarchs and governments collaborating on scientific matters.
The Struve survey site was successfully declared as a transnational heritage site, becoming Finland , Norse , Sweden , Russia , Latvia, Estonia , Republic of Lithuania , Ukraine , Belarus and Moldova A World Heritage site shared by 10 countries. This is the first time in World Heritage history that more than three countries have jointly submitted a project successfully entered the "World Heritage" World Heritage List It also conveys the basic spiritual red line that World heritage affairs have been persistently adhering to for more than 30 years in the world.
Struve survey site

Epidemic information

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EDITOR
On 25 March 2020, the Latvian Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said that given the first cases of COVID-19 in the country with unknown routes of infection, it can be considered that locally transmitted cases have occurred in Latvia. As of March 25, the total number of confirmed cases in Latvia was 221, 24 more than the previous day [6] .
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