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Miaodao Islands

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Yantai City, Shandong Province Penglai District north islands

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The Miaodao Islands, also known as "Changshan Islands", are in Shandong Province Yantai City Penglai District north Changdao county A general term for the 32 islands under its jurisdiction, the main islands are: southern South Changshan Island , North Changshan Island , Great Black Mountain , Little Black Mountain , Temple Island The South Five Islands and the north Gongji Island , Daegeumdo , Sochindo , South God City Island , North God City Island (known as the North Five Islands) and other uninhabited islets. Among them: the largest island is South Changshan Island, the former Changdao County government. The smallest island is the small mountain Island. The longest distance between the north and south Islands is 56.4 kilometers, and the widest distance between the east and west islands is 30.8 kilometers. The coastline has a total length of 146.14 kilometers, and the total land area of the island is 53.17 square kilometers.

The Miaodao Islands are located in the Bohai Strait at the intersection of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, north of Liaoning Province Old Steel Mountain Face-off, south and Penglai District mainland. Militarily, it is the "throat" of Bohai Sea and the "gateway" of Beijing and Tianjin. Economically, it is a major fishing base and an emerging tourist destination in Shandong Province. Sea cucumbers, abalone, sea urchins and other sea treasures enjoy high reputation both at home and abroad in China, and have been named "the hometown of China's abalone, the hometown of China's scallops, and the hometown of China's kelp". It is an important export base of sea treasures in China, and a national key tourist attraction, migratory bird protection area and island geopark. ^[1]

Chinese name: Miaodao Islands
Geographical position: Northern Penglai District, Yantai City, Shandong Province
Area product: 53.17 km²
Archipelagic composition: south South Changshan Island , North Changshan Island , Great Black Mountain , Little Black Mountain , Temple Island The South Five Islands and the north Gongji Island , Daegeumdo , Sochindo , South God City Island , North God City Island (known as the North Five Islands) and other uninhabited islets

Length of shoreline: 146.14 kilometers
Number of islands: 32
Territorial waters: Bohai Strait yellow Sea, Bohai Sea confluence
Old name: Changshan Island, Changshan Islands, Inner Changshan Islands
Administrative jurisdiction: Yantai City, Shandong Province Penglai District

catalogue

Name evolution

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EDITOR

Temple Island archipelago, first called in the Qing Dynasty. The name of the Temple Island comes from the Temple Island in the south of the archipelago where the Song Dynasty built the palace. Before the Qing Dynasty Guangxu, Changshan Island, Temple Island, Big Black Mountain Island, small Black Mountain Island, Jiaoji Island, big Chin Island, small Chin Island and North God City Island were inhabited, so it was called Changshan eight Islands. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the entire archipelago was called the Temple Islands, which were later renamed the Temple Islands. During the first liberation, it was called Changshan Island. The Kuomintang army occupied the island during the first called Changshan Islands (" Shandong Province Annals · Construction Annals ": September 1947 to August 1949 (Miaodao Islands) was occupied by the Kuomintang army, set up Changshan Islands district, Penglai County ^[2] In July 1947, in order to avoid being confused with the name of the Changshan Islands in Liaoning Province, it was renamed Donglai Islands. At the beginning of the founding, it was called Changshan Island. After the county was established in 1956, it was renamed Long Island. It is also known that the time of the Miaodao Islands is unknown, and official materials such as the Annals of Shandong Province and Physical Geography, the Annals of Yantai City (I) and the Annals of Changdao County published around the end of the 20th century, as well as general legal maps, are marked as "Miaodao Islands". ^[3]

The title of "Changshan Islands" is still seen in some media, and the scope refers to it, which is basically consistent with the Miao Islands. There is also a difference between the Foreign Minister Mountains Islands east of the Liaoning Peninsula (generally also known as" Changshan Islands No longer called Changshan Islands), said "Inner Changshan Islands", these titles are not much seen in official media. See also "Miaodao Island" and other titles, the provenance is not clear.

Temple Island, called Samen Island in ancient times, was a place where prisoners were imprisoned on death row. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the sea transport rose, and there were islands around this place, which became a natural good port and has been thriving ever since. The sea Goddess Goddess Temple (Yingxian Palace) on the island. There is information that the Temple Island archipelago is called Samen Island in ancient times, which is incorrect. ^[4]

In addition, there are 10 inhabited islands in the Temple Island archipelago, and residents of Changshan Island County are known as the South Five Islands and the North five Islands. ^[1-2]

Location boundary

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EDITOR

Temple Island Islands location diagram

The location and main islands of the Temple Island Group

Miao Island Archipelago, including the local residents called the South five islands, North five islands based on 32 islands. The islands are located at the intersection of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in the Bohai Strait, at 120°361-120°56' east longitude and 37°53'-38°23' north latitude. It confronts Lao Tie Mountain in Liaoning Province in the north, and Penglai District in the south. It is the "throat" of the Bohai Sea and the "gateway" of Beijing and Tianjin. The coastline has a total length of 146.14 kilometers, and the total land area of the island is 53.17 square kilometers. ^[1]

Island distribution

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EDITOR

From Changshan North Island North temple Island archipelago

Miao Island Archipelago, 32 (" Shandong Province Records · Construction records "said 21) islands were spread in a south-southwest - north-northeast direction.

The largest island is Nanchangshan Island, with an area of 12.3 square kilometers, and the smallest island is Xiaotaosan Island, with an area of 0.0008 square kilometers. The highest island is Alpine Island, 202.8 meters above sea level; The lowest island is East Mouth Stone Island, 7.2 meters above sea level. The longest distance between the north and south Islands is 56.4 kilometers, and the widest distance between the east and west islands is 30.8 kilometers. ^[5]

The distribution of the islands of the Temple Island archipelago

List of islands in Temple Island Archipelago
Island name	Relative position	North latitude, East longitude	Longest (km)	Widest (km)	Area (sq. km)	Shore length (km)	Highest elevation (m)
South Changshan Island	Southern end of the archipelago	37°55 ', 120°44 '	7.22	4	12.80	20.02	156.1 Mount Huangshan
North Changshan Island	North of South Changshan Island	37°58 ', 120°42 '	5.1	2.6	7.87	13.8	195.7 Songshan Mountain
Great Black Mountain	The southern western end of the archipelago	37°58 ', 120°36 '	4.22	2.7	7.47	12.03	189 Old Montenegro
Little Black Mountain	East of Great Black Mountain Island	37°58 ', 120°39 '	1.9	0.85	1.29	5.3	95.1 Big Mountain City
Temple Island	The southern part of the archipelago is centered	37°56 ', 120°40 '	2.65	1.1	1.43	6.7	98.3 Phoenix Mountain
Gongji Island	midarchipelago	38 '10°, 120°45'	4.75	3.9	7.05	17.68	198.9 Double Top Mountain
Daegeumdo	North of Kuo Ji Island	38°.18 ', 120°49 '	4.9	2	6.44	14.55	202.44 South Mountain
Sochindo	North of Daqin Island	38°20 ', 120°50 '	2	0.85	1.11	6.44	148.9 Eagle paving roof
South God City Island	North God City island south	38°21 ', 120°54 '	3.1	1.6	1.83	12.09	100.9 Dading Mountain
North God City Island	Northern tip	38°23 ', 120°54 '	2.85	1.9	2.62	10.32	159.8 North Peak
Ichthyodo	Southeast of Great Black Mountain Island	37°55 ', 120°37 '	0.17	0.1	0.01	0.38	19.5
South 砣子 Island	Southeast of Great Black Mountain Island	37°56 ', 120°37 '	0.86	0.4	0.138	2.31	15.1
Cattle 砣子 island	Temple Island west by south	37°55 ', 120 '40'	0.55	0.35	0.11	1.38	26.4
The sheep 砣子 island	The west side of Temple Island is north	37°56 ', 120°40 '	0.55	0.35	0.11	1.38	26.4
Shaobedo	North of Temple Island	37°57 ', 120°41 '	0.14	0.1	0.02	0.38	19.6
Plow 犋 put the island	North of Little Black Mountain Island	37°58 ', 120°39 '	0.19	0.08	0.01	0.4	22.4
Manticore	Northwest of Mantis Island	37°59 ', 120°39 '	0.1	0.045	0.004	0.21	9.8
Monkey Rock Island	North of Little Black Mountain Island	38°03 ', 120°38 '	1.1	0.47	0.28	2.75	92.9
Little Monkey Rock Island	Northwest of Monkey Rock Island	38°03 ', 120°38 '	0.04	0.025	0.0009	0.22	23.3
Takayama island	Monkey Rock Island is due north	38°08 ', 120°38 '	1.3	0.7	0.46	3.55	202.8
Small mountain island	Southeast Takayama Island	38°07 ', 120°38 '	0.035	0.025	0.0008	0.22	12.6
Dazhushan Island	East end of the central archipelago	38°01 ', 120°56 '	2.1	1.2	1.49	5.20	194.5
Small bamboo Mountain Island	West of Dazhushan Island	38°01 ', 120°52 '	0.8	0.4	0.24	2.00	97.2
Shiyudo	Xiaozhushan Island north west	38°04 ', 120°51 '	0.64	0.1	0.05	1.25	73.5
砣子 Island	South side of Yaoji Island	38°09 ', 120°44 '	0.42	0.15	0.05	1.06	60.3
East Mouth Rock Island	Southeast of Gongji Island	38°09 ', 120°47 '	0.05	0.04	0.002	0.15	7.2
The beaked Rock Island	Northeast of Jiaoji Island	38°11 ', 120°45 '	0.065	0.02	0.0013	0.17	16.7
Turtle Gaishan Island	North of Little Chin Island	38°21 ', 120°50 '	0.2	0.11	0.02	0.57	42.8
Slope cay island	South god city island northeast	38°21 ', 120°54 '	0.085	0.02	0.0017	0.15	12
Mantis Island	North Changshan Island west	37°58 ', 120°40 '	0.97	0.25	0.15	2.01	54.7
Breakwater island	Northwest Scorpion Island	37°59 ', 120°40 '	0.5	0.4	0.13	1.86	35.9
Horse gun Stone Island	North of Wave Island	37°59 ', 120°39 '	0.1	0.016	0.0015	0.14	8.9

^[5]

South Changshan Island

Temple Island

Temple Island surrounding islands

Black Mountain Island

Gongji Island

South God City Island

Island formation

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EDITOR

Miaodao Islands, located in the east side of Bohai Sea subsidence zone, is a branch of Changbai Mountain system and a part of Jiaoliao Uplift.

In the late Proterozoic period, the islands were not separated from each other and connected with the northern and southern lands, commonly known as "Jiaoliao Shield". During the Yanshan tectonic movement 140 million years ago and the later Himalayan orogeny, a series of NEE, NNW, NNE and NNE faulting activities occurred successively. Since then, the old land mass has been separated into the prototype of the islands, thus forming the Bohai Strait.

Since the late Pleistocene, there have been three major transgressions and regressions here, and the islands have undergone inheriting "carving". After the Lushan Glaciation, about 100,000 years ago, the climate entered the warm stage of the interglacial period, when glaciers melted, the ocean water increased, and the sea water rose, exceeding the Shanya Valley across the Jiaoliao River, flowing to the ancient Bohai Lake and the North China Plain, and even inundating Cangzhou (known as the "Cangzhou transgression"). Since then, the "Jiaoliao Shield" which has been broken has become an island in the sea.

The sea water has occupied the Bohai Sea for tens of thousands of years, about 70,000 years ago from the "Dali Ice Age", the earth suddenly cold, ice and snow imprisonment, the evaporation of sea water as the source of land precipitation, most can not flow back to the sea, the sea water gradually withdrew from the Bohai Basin, the former seabed became a land, the Miaodao Islands and the Qianli plain together, become a land hill.

The cold climate began to warm up 45,000 years ago, and transgressions occurred again. The scale of this transgression was larger than the previous one, extending to Xianxian County in Hebei Province (known as the "Xianxian transgression" in history), and leaving traces of this transgression along the Bohai coast. For example, the Shedao Island in Liaoning Province has a sea erosion cave left by this transgression at an altitude of 100 meters. Penglai county north ditch commune is about 4 km from the shore BeiLin courtyard into the mouth of the north slope in shanxi, retained intact quartzite Marine topography, and sea with 5 ~ 6 meters high. At an altitude of 60-70 meters above sea level, there are widespread traces of sea erosion. After Xianxian transgression, it still retreated to the sea.

In the Holocene, the climate entered a warm period after the ice age. The glaciers are melting and the sea is rising again. The sea floor of the Bohai Sea, which was once a swampy grassland during the ice Age, has once again turned into a vast sea. The Bohai Sea service coast has been advanced to Huanghua, Jinghai and Tianjin area (known as the "Yellow sail transgression"). The sea erosion line reached the Jiuzhang cliff of North Changshan Island and the "half slope" of Beizhuang on Daheishan Island (all about 15 meters above sea level). After this transgression, a large-scale retreat began. It was not until 1300 (early Tang Dynasty) that the shoreline of the island was reduced to a slightly higher place than the modern shoreline. The whole archipelago is still in a slight change of "rising from south to north". ^[6]

geology

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EDITOR

The islands in Changdao area of Penglai District are adjacent to Liaodong Uplift in the north and Jiaodong Uplift in the south, and are at the junction of Jiaodong Uplift. It is adjacent to the Bohai Depression in the west. The outcrop is the upper Proterozoic Penglai Group, which is a set of shallow metamorphic rock series. The structure of the island land is simple, the strata are mostly monoclinal, the fault scale is small, and the magmatic activity is weak. ^[7]

stratum

For the upper Proterozoic "Penglai Group". Baoshankou Formation: The lower part is dominated by sericeous phyllite, interspersed with gravel quartzite, feldspar quartzite and feldspar quartzite. The upper part is mainly purple, bluish gray SLATE with feldspar quartzite and quartzite. It is mainly distributed in Dazhushan, Xiaozhushan, Cheyou, 砣子, Gaoshan, Monkey Rock and Zhuoji Islands. Fuzizuang Formation: The lower part is mainly interlayered with bluish gray, purple SLATE and quartzite. The upper part is interlayered with quartzite and SLATE, and the thickness is large. It is distributed in Daqin, Xiaoqin, North God City, South God City, South Changshan, North Changshan, Big Black Mountain and small Black Mountain islands.

Upper Tertiary: basalt of two volcanic eruptions. The lower stomatal structure is developed, and there are phyric crystals in the area. The phyric crystals are idinite olivine. The upper part is dark grayish-black, slightly dense, hard basalt, and occasionally porphyry, which is pyroxene and idinite olivine. It is distributed in the gullies of LaoHeishan in the west of Daheishan Island and in the west of Beizhuang Village, with a maximum thickness of 70 meters, and there are pillow structures and volcanic bombs in the field, which are unconformities covering the "Penglai Group" stratum.

Quaternary: Most of the islands are distributed, especially in Daqin Island, Jiaoji Island, Daheishan Island, South Changshan Island more developed, gradually thickening from south to north. According to its origin, the quaternary system can be divided into eluvium, slope-diluvium and Marine eluvium.

The eluvium is composed of gravel and brown-red subclay, the thickness is generally 1-3 meters, is the weathering product of primitive rock, mostly distributed in hill areas, and widely distributed in Nanchangshan Island. The gravel is mainly quartz fragments with poor roundness and angular shape, and the sub-clay is composed of gravel and clay. Slope-diluvium, mainly composed of gravel, gravelly subsand and subclay. It is distributed on both sides of gullies, hillsides and flat places. Some have gravel layers, rich in calcium, and local ginger nodules. The thickness of this layer varies greatly, generally 20-40 meters, and some thickness is more than 60 meters.

Marine sediments are mainly composed of gravel, subclay sand, silt, Marine remains and shells. It is distributed in the gentle coastal areas of major islands. Gravel is quartzite, mostly spherical, so it is called "ball stone". ^[7]

structure

In addition to the long-term uplift of the basement, Zhudao is mainly controlled by the northeast Yishu fault zone and the northwest Weihai-Penglai fault zone. These two groups of faults are long-term inherited active faults. There are also obvious activities in the Neotectonic period. The islands are presumed to be ascending parts of the fault block. The direction of the tectonic line is the same as that of the region, but it is undeveloped and small in scale.

Fold: North Huangcheng Island syncline, axis is composed of thick quartzite, wing is quartzite and SLATE interlayer. The occurrence of the northwest wing strata tends to the southeast, and the southeast wing strata tends to the northwest. The occurrence of the two wings varies greatly, the gentle part is only about 20°, and the steep part reaches 80°.

The Lingshan fold at the northeast end of South Huangcheng Island is an inverted deflecting slope. The axial direction is northeast, the axial plane is inclined to southeast, and the occurrence of the two wings is inclined to southeast. The syncline is composed of quartzite and SLATE. Great Black Mountain Island is synclinal, axial NW, axial plane nearly upright. The southwest wing is inclined to the northeast, with an inclination of 20° at the lower end and gradually decreasing to about 10° at the upper end. The northeast wing is inclined to the south to the west, with an inclination of 25° at the lower part and about 10° at the upper part. The base of the two wings is quartzite plywood, and the axis is quartzite.

The other islands are all monoclinal beds with different occurrence.

Fault: The fault on the north side of the signal mountain on the South Changshan Island is NW, and the fault line strike is 330°. The fault plane is inclined to the south west, the dip Angle is 40°, and the compressive torsion is obvious.

The fault line of Yejia fault on Nanchangshan Island is 310°, which is basically parallel to the coastline of the island. The fault plane is inclined to the southwest and has obvious pressure.

South Huangcheng Island Topofo fault, the fault line strike is 40°. Dip 130°, dip 55°. The bluish gray SLATE is crushed by extrusion, and the rock layer has traction pomegranate curve and obvious pressure.

The west coast of the north end of Nanchangshan Island is broken, and the direction of the fault line is the same as the coastline of the island, and the strike is 25°. Nw dip, fault with breccia.

On the coast of North God City, South God City, Daheishan and Zhuoji Island, there are signs of fault activity in the northeast and northwest direction, and steep sea erosion banks are formed in the Marine erosion microtopography, the joints are relatively developed, and the quartzite is broken. ^[7]

Magmatic rock

Intrusive rock: Located in the north of Jingkou village, Jiaoji Island, there is a diorite porphyrite rock strain intruded into the "Penglai Group" formation, with an exposed area of 0.1 square kilometers, forming Bawang Mountain in geomorphology. The lithology is neutral shallow rock with weak alteration, which is the product of magmatic activity in late Yanshanian period of Mesozoic.

Extrusive rock: basalt, distributed in the western part of Daheishan Island. It is the product of magmatic activity in Cenozoic Alpine period. ^[7]

landform

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EDITOR

The landmass of Long Island is mainly characterized by denudated hills and coastal landforms. Hills and mountains are mostly consistent with the trend of the strata (especially in the south and north Changshan Islands), quartzite is resistant to weathering, forming ridges, and SLATE weathering is valley. Offshore microgeomorphology is extremely developed.

massif

Most of the mountains on the islands are flat-top mountains and half-split mountains. The slope of the mountain is generally 10-40°. In addition to the South Changshan, North Changshan, Daheishan, Jiaoji, Dachin and North God City and other islands have many mountains and valleys and local small flat, most of the islands for the sea lonely mountain (hill). ^[8]

seaboard

The coast of the islands is mostly bedrock coast. Among them, the bedrock coast of the South God City, North God City, Daqin, Gaoshan, Monkey rock, Cheyou and Daheishan Islands accounts for more than 50% of the total length of its coast, and many of the rocky cliffs. Because of the different lithology and occurrence, the sea erosion cave, sea erosion arch and strange reef are formed. Such as the "Crystal Palace" of South Changshan Island, the "fairy cave" of Gaoshan Island, the "big Ding cave" of Daheishan Island, the "Dragon Reef" of Gaoshan Island, the "Pagoda Reef" of Li犋 Island, the "Wangfu Reef" of South Changshan Island and the "Lion Stone" of Small Heishan Island.

There are sand spits at the southern end of Nan Chang Shan, Xiao Chin, Mantis, Xiao Black Mountain and Block Wave Island. Between Daheishan Island and South 砣子 Island, between Miao Island and Yang 砣子 island, Niu 砣子 island, between South and North Changshan Island, there are island bar.

In the bays of Dazhushan, Nanhuang City, XiaoHeishan and other islands, sand banks have accumulated to form modern lagoons.

Where there is a quartzite distribution of the island, there are gravel beaches, parallel to the island shoreline, in a stepped distribution. The natural sorting and roundness of gravel vary greatly due to the different mouth direction, coastal slope and tidal current of each harbor. ^[8]

watercourse

The Bohai Strait, 105.56 kilometers wide, the county islands occupy three-fifths of the sea surface of the strait, dividing the strait into 14 waterways (straits).

Laotieshan Waterway, located between North Huangcheng Island and Laotieshan Corner, east-west, 42.2 kilometers wide, occupying two-fifths of the sea surface of the channel, the water depth of the main channel 42-78 meters, sediment bottom.

Huangcheng Waterway, located between South Huangcheng Island and North Huangcheng Island, east-west, 5.6 kilometers long, 1.5 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth 19-40 meters, sediment bottom.

Xiaoqin Waterway, located between Xiaoqin Island and South Huangcheng Island, northwest southeast trend, 4.5 kilometers long, 4 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth of 40-50 meters, sediment, gravel bottom.

Daqin Waterway, located between Daqin Island and Xiaoqin Island, east-west trend, 8.5 kilometers long, 2 kilometers wide, the main navigation is 31-45 meters deep, sand, gravel bottom.

North Zhuoji waterway, located between Zhuoji Island and Daqin Island, east-west trend, 11.5 kilometers long, 10 kilometers wide, the main channel depth of 31-50 meters, the middle of the channel has a reef group (North reef), sediment, gravel bottom.

Gaoshanshui Road, located between Gaoshan Island and Jiaoji Island, northwest-southeast trend, 4.5 kilometers long, 8.5 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth of 20-25 meters, soft mud bottom.

South Leadstone waterway, located between the Cheyou Island and Leadstone Island, east-west, west to the monkey Rock waterway, south adjacent to the long landscape Road, the main channel depth of 10-25 meters, sediment bottom.

Monkey Rock Channel, located between Monkey Rock Island and high Mountain Island, east-west, 6.35 kilometers long, 7.5 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth of 21-24 meters, sediment.

Changshan Road, located between North Changshan Island and Monkey Rock Island, east-west, 17 kilometers long, 7.5 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth of 20-30 meters, soft mud bottom.

West Gate Channel, located between Daheishan Island and XiaoHeishan Island, north-south, 3 kilometers long, 1.5 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth 7-11 meters, sediment base.

Baotamen Waterway, located on the east side of XiaoHeishan Island, between li 犋 Island and blocking Wave Island, runs northwest to southeast. It is 2.5 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide. The water depth of the main channel is 10-15 meters and the sediment base is good.

Pearl Gate Channel, located between wave island and North Changshan Island, north-south, 0.75 km long, 1 km wide, the channel is deep in the north and shallow in the south, the water depth of the main channel 6-14 meters.

Mantis Channel, located between Mantis Island and Wave Island, northeast-to-southwest trend, 1 km long, 0.75 km wide, the main channel water depth of 20-28 meters, sediment base.

Miaodao Strait

Miaodao Strait, also known as Miaodao waterway or Dengzhou Waterway. Located between South Changshan Island and Penglai Point, east-west trend, 31.5 kilometers long, 6 kilometers wide, the main channel water depth of 12-37 meters, gravel bottom. ^[9]

harbor

The shoreline of the Miaodao Islands is tortuous, and the promontory bay is staggered, forming 35 harbours.

Long Island Harbor, located in the South Changshan Island Diogou, west of Quzui village, southeast of Tangli Bay, bay mouth to the west, west of the Temple Island, North of the North Changshan Island, Mantis Island and other ringed. It is 2000 meters long from north to south, 1100 meters wide from east to west, 4-5 meters deep and sediment base. It can avoid the north and east winds.

Qiankou (the former name temple after the mouth), located in the south of the park village, south Changshan Island, bay mouth to the southwest. The beach is 2200 meters long, the water depth is 25 meters, and the sediment is solid. Keep away from the north winds.

Zhaowang Bay, located in South Changshan Island Zhaowang Village east, bay mouth east. The beach length is 2200 meters, the water depth is 6.4 meters at 200 meters away from the shore, the sand and stone bottom, there are several reefs at the north and south ends of the bay mouth. Avoid the west wind.

Wanggou Bay, located in the south Changshan Island Wanggou village east, bay mouth east. The beach length is 420 meters, the sediment base, the water depth of 3.6 meters at 200 meters from the shore, the north of the bay has the North rock group, the south of the bay has four black rock group. Avoid the west wind.

Liancheng Bay, located in the west of Liancheng Village, South Changshan Island, north from the south of Jade Street, south to the north of Black Shizui Village. The beach length is 1020 meters, the bay mouth is to the west, the water depth is 3.4 meters at 60 meters from the shore, and the soft mud bottom is soft. Avoid the east wind.

Yushi East mouth, located between South Changshan Island and North Changshan Island, east of Yushi Street, bay mouth to the northeast. The beach is 1000 meters long and the water depth is 1-6 meters. Avoid the west wind.

Sunjiakou, located in the south Changshan Island Sunjiacun northeast, bay mouth to the northeast. The beach is 810 meters long, 50 meters from the shore, the water depth is 4-5 meters, and the stone bottom. Avoid the west wind.

Half Moon Bay, located in North Changshan Island Songqian village north, bay mouth to the north. The beach length is 926 meters, the sediment bottom (near shore gravel bottom), and the 5-meter contour is 125 meters from the shore.

Shanhou Bay, located in North Changshan Island conch Mountain northeast, bay mouth east. The beach is 1130 meters long, the water depth is 3-5 meters, and the contour line of 20 meters is 150 meters from the shore. Sediment, shell sediment. To avoid the west wind.

Beicheng Bay, located in the south of Beicheng village, North Changshan Island, west to the south bank of Huagou Village, bay mouth to the south. The beach length is 3163 meters, the water depth is 3-4 meters, and the sediment is solid. To avoid the north and east winds.

The west entrance of the store is located in the west of the village of the North Changshan Island. The bay entrance is to the southwest, and there is a protruding headland in the middle of the beach to divide the bay into two bays. The South Bay Beach is 908 meters long, the North Bay Beach is 525 meters long, and the water depth is 2-4 meters. From the north and east winds.

Tangli (formerly known as Miaodao Tang) is located in the east of Miaodao and the west of Changdao Harbor. 5500 meters long from north to south, 3000 meters wide from east to west, 3-5 meters deep, sediment base. Because of the temple Island, Mantis, North Changshan, South Changshan and other islands, the bay is calm and quiet, known as "natural harbor".

North mouth, located in the northwest of Miao Island, between Beishan and Yang 砣子 island, bay mouth to the northwest. The beach is 1300 meters long, the water depth is about 4 meters, and the mud bottom is soft. Keep out of the east wind.

West mouth, located in the west of Miao Island, Yang 砣子 island and Niu 砣子 island between the bay mouth to the west. The water depth is about 3 meters at 100 meters from the shore, the beach length is 1550 meters, and there are rocks in the southern part of the bay mouth. Can avoid the east wind blocking.

The south entrance is located in the south of Shanqian village, Miaodao. The entrance is connected into a "concave" shaped bay by the southern cape of Miaodao and Niu砣子 Island. The entrance faces south. It is 500 meters long from east to west, 100 meters dry when the tide is low, 2 meters contour line is 200 meters away from the shore, the water depth outside the mouth is 3-5 meters, and the sediment is sediment. Keep away from the north winds.

Temple Island anchorage, located between Temple Island and Small Black Mountain Island. It is surrounded by North Changshan Island, Mantis Island, Block Wave Island, small Black Mountain Island and Temple Island. Length and width 1100 meters, water depth 5-10 meters, sediment base. Can avoid the benzene wind.

Beizhuang Bay, located in the east of Beizhuang village, Daheishan Island, the mouth of the bay faces east. The beach is 500 meters long, the water depth is 2-7 meters, and the mud bottom (the near-shore is gravel bottom). Avoid the west wind.

Chuanwang Bay, located east of Chuanwang village, Daheishan Island, east of the bay mouth. The beach is 600 meters long, with a chain of reef sand neck on the north side of the bay and a chain of island sand ridge on the south side, 100 meters from the shore, the water depth of 2 meters, soft mud and shell sediment. It can avoid east, west, south and north winds.

Dahao Mouth, located in Dahao Village south of Daheishan Island, bay mouth to the southeast, east from Xiahao Southwest mouth, west to Dahao Village Xiling. The length of the beach is 650 meters, the depth of water is 5 meters at 140 meters, and the bottom is stone. 250 meters from shore, water depth of 10 meters, sediment base. Can avoid the north, northeast wind.

Houkou Bay, located between Houkou Village and Bawang Mountain on Yaoji Island, mouth to the northeast. The beach is 800 meters long, the water depth is 8-10 meters, and the sediment is solid. It can avoid the west and south winds.

砣子 bay, located in the northeast of pile-zi Island, southeast of grinding stone mouth of Zhuoji Island, bay mouth to the southeast. The beach is 2000 meters long, the water depth is 4-12 meters, the deepest depth is 21 meters, the sediment bottom, can avoid the west, the north wind.

Gulou Tong, located in the south of Gulou village on Puiji Island, the bay recessed inland and the bay mouth to the south. The beach is 800 meters long, the low tide can dry out 200 meters, the high tide water depth of 1-2 meters, the water depth of 3-5 meters from the shore of 500 meters, and the soft sand mud bottom. Can avoid east, west, north wind.

Wellmouth Bay, located in the south of Jingkou village, Yaoji Island, bay mouth to the south. The beach is 250 meters long, the sediment base, can dry out 40 meters at low tide, and the water depth is 5-7 meters at 100-200 meters from the shore. It can avoid the east and north winds.

Lushankou Bay, located in the south of Lushankou village, Leadji Island. The mouth of the bay faces south. The beach is 422 meters long with sediment and 7 meters deep at 50 meters from the shore. Keep away from the north winds.

Temple east mouth, located in the south of Xiaohao village, Daqin Island, bay mouth to the southeast. The total length is 1150 meters, the water depth is 8 meters at 100 meters from the shore, and the sediment is sediment. It can avoid the west, northwest and north wind.

Dachin West, located in Dachin Island north village west, bay mouth west. Total length of 550 meters, 50 meters from the shore depth of 4 meters, sediment bottom. Keep out of the east wind.

East mouth, located in the east of Daqin Island east village, bay mouth east. The total length is 800 meters, the water depth is 3-5 meters at 50 meters from the shore, and the water depth is 16 meters at 500 meters. Avoid the west wind.

In front of the bay, located in the south of Xiaoqin Island village, the bay mouth to the south. It is 900 meters long. Water depth of 5 meters at 50 meters from shore, gravel bottom, water depth of 10 meters at 100 meters from shore, mud bottom. Shelter from north and northwest winds.

Xiaoqin West mouth, located in the west center of Xiaoqin Island, the bay mouth to the west, the northwest corner of the bay has a group of reefs extending to the south. Total length of 800 meters, 30 meters from the shore of the water depth of 5 meters, SLATE bottom; 100 meters from shore, 10 meters deep, mud bottom. Avoid the east wind.

East Garden Bay, located in the southeast of South God Island, bay mouth east. Total length 1500 meters, water depth 5-18 meters, mud copy bottom quality. Avoid the west wind.

Nancheng mouth, located in the north of South God City Island, bay mouth to the northeast. There are headlands extending on both sides, forming concave entrances. The length is 910 meters, and the 5-meter contour is 120 meters from the shore. Fine sand, shells, mud sediment. It can avoid the west and south winds.

South Garden Bay, located in the south of South God City Island, bay mouth to the southwest. The total length is 400 meters, 5 meters contour line is 120 meters from the shore, and there is a shoal at the mouth of the bay with fine sand bottom. Keep away from the north winds.

Shanqian Bay, located in the North god city island Shanqian village south, bay mouth to the south. The total length is 724 meters, 100 meters from the shore, the bottom is gravel and rock, the water depth is 3 meters; The bottom material 100 meters away is sand and shells, and the water depth is 5-10 meters. Keep away from the north winds.

Shanhou Bay, located in the north god city island Shanhou village east. Bay mouth to the east. It is 470 meters long, with headlands protruding on both sides of the bay and gravel bottom. The water depth is 2.7 meters 50 meters from the shore, and 7-8 meters from 100 meters. Avoid the west wind.

East of the city and eagle nest mouth, located in the southeast of North God City Island, bay mouth to the south. In the middle of the bay there is a headland protruding, the eastern section is called Eagle Nest mouth, the western section is called the eastern mouth of the city. It is 756 meters in length and is made of shell mud. 80 meters from the shore, water depth of 5 meters, 100 meters away water depth of more than 10 meters. Keep away from the north winds. ^[10]

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

climate

It is a continental climate in the eastern Asian monsoon region, with a continental degree of 52.3%. Due to the influence of alternating cold and warm air and the tempering effect of sea water, the four seasons are characterized by: late warming of spring wind, cool climate of summer rain, dry and slow cooling in autumn, and frequent cold waves in winter. ^[11]

Sea state

Tide, the nature of the tide in the Long Island sea area is a regular semi-diurnal tide, and its rule is two rises and two falls a day and night, commonly known as "four tide". The direction of the tide shifts from left to right, turning around day and night, called "four open flow". It takes 12 hours and 24 minutes for the tides to rise and fall once, and 24 hours and 48 minutes for the tides to rise and fall twice a day and night. Therefore, the tides of the first day and the 16th day, and the fifth day and the 20th day correspond.

Lunar calendar 30 to the fourth day, 14 to 18 rise big retreat, commonly known as "flood sea". The rest of the time, the tide speed is slow, the tide is small, commonly known as "dead flood bottom" or "dead sink bottom". The tide height is higher in the north than in the south, and the average high tide in August is 212 cm on Jiaoji Island and 143 cm on Nanchangshan Island. The tidal range is 124 cm on Jiaoji Island and 119 cm on Nan Changshan Island. The average high water interval is 10:10 on Gwangji Island and 10:4 on Namchangsan Island. The average interval of low water is 4:6 p.m. on Gongji Island and 3:53 p.m. on Nan Changshan Island. The spring tide rises 163 cm on Kuaiji Island, 161 cm on Nanchangshan Island, the neap tide rises 130 cm on Huaji Island and 131 cm on Nanchangshan Island, and the mean sea level is 89 cm on Kuaiji Island and 90 cm on Nanchangshan Island.

Tidal current, the tidal current of the Long Island sea area, the main waterway is mostly east-west flow, and the bay is mostly back gulf current. The northern channel is the west stream, and the southern channel is the east stream. This "north in south out" rule is particularly obvious in winter.

In summer, the current is generally between 0.6-1.03 m/s in the southern sea area, and the smallest in the Daheishan Island sea area is 0.6 m/s. The northern sea area is generally about 1.25 m/s, and the maximum value of the Zhuoji waterway is 3.7 m/s. The flow rate of the bay return stream is even smaller, only about 0.4 m/s in the back bay of Yaoji Island.

Waves, the wave pattern in Long Island waters, are mainly "wind waves". Northerly waves in autumn and winter, southerly waves in summer. The four seasons of wave height are: winter (October to January of the following year) average monthly wave height of 1.1 meters, spring (February to April) average monthly wave height of 0.47 meters, summer (May to July) average monthly wave height of 0.5 meters, autumn (August to September) average monthly wave height of 0.8 meters. In the past years (1960-1981), the average height of the big wave was 8.6 meters, and the extreme maximum wave was 10 meters, which appeared in the North Huangcheng Island sea area. The average period of wave height (peak-B time unit) is 3.4 seconds, and the maximum period is 13.9 seconds.

Sea fog, Long Island sea fog days are less, the annual average fog days are 28 days, mostly advection fog, less radiation fog. Spring and summer are the most foggy days, accounting for 86% of the annual sea fog days, mostly concentrated in June-July; There are fewer foggy days in autumn and winter, with the fewest in September-October.

Sea ice, due to the influence of the main current of the Yellow Sea, the water temperature of the Long Island is relatively high in winter, and there is no ice in the sea port and the harbor. The southern islands sometimes have a small amount of thin ice and ice feet along the shore during the severe winter season, which has no impact on production and traffic.

Plankton. Long Island waters are rich in plankton, both phytoplankton and zooplankton. According to the 1985 survey, the annual average of plankton biomass was 2.887 million/m3. Phytoplankton accounted for 98 percent of the total. ^[12]

hydrology

Miaodao Islands, the sea area is wide, the water depth is more than 30 meters, and the sea area that can be used by artificial breeding is 60,000 mu.

The main source of groundwater is natural precipitation. Due to the large slope of the island mountain, the surface flow quickly into the sea after rain, coupled with the fragmentation of quartzite geological structure of the island, the water storage capacity is very poor, so it is generally a poor water area. The larger islands have bedrock fissure water and open rock pore water, which are mainly distributed in the Quaternary system. According to a survey conducted in 1984, the total freshwater resources of the 10 inhabited islands were 3,889,700 cubic meters, with a usable amount of 1,356,800 cubic meters, or 36.4 cubic meters per capita. ^[13]

Windstorm damage

The Temple Island archipelago, with the wind disaster. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Marine accidents caused by wind disasters were particularly heavy, and hundreds of fishermen were killed. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the development of science and technology, production safety has been attached importance by governments at all levels, and the risk of wind disasters has been relatively reduced. From 1950 to 1985, there were 20 major wind disasters. ^[14]

But at the same time, as a driving force, the wind energy is rich in resources, is the monsoon southward channel of Siberia and Inner Mongolia, the annual average wind speed of 6.86 m/s, the effective wind speed of 8279 hours, the wind power density is 20-40% higher than the land, is one of the three wind fields in China. A large number of wind farms have been built on the island. ^[15]

soil

There are three types of soil in Miaodao Islands: brown soil, brown soil and tidal soil. It is divided into 6 subcategories, 7 soil genera and 11 soil species, with a total area of 79149 mu. Brown loam: the common name of ballast soil, there is only 1 subcategory of brown soil in the county, which is the weathering of metamorphic rock parent material. It covers an area of 45325.9 mu, accounting for 57.3% of the total soil area, mainly distributed in the middle and upper hills. The soil thickness is less than 30 cm, the soil texture is sparse, the surface sand is more, the water storage capacity is poor, the nutrient content is less, and the reaction is neutral or slightly acidic. Lignite soil type: there are 3 subtypes of luvial lignite soil, lignite soil and tidal lignite soil, which developed in Malan loess parent area. Brown soil type, the soil is deep, the whole body has lime reaction, pH value is about 7, the nutrient content is high, and the ploughability is good. The area is 33064 mu, accounting for 41.8% of the total soil volume, mainly distributed in the lower part of the hills and part of the coastal flat. South Changshan, North Changshan, Big Black Mountain and Small Black Mountain Island are typical. In addition, it also developed in Yaoji, Daqin, Xiaoqin, South God City, North God City and Temple Island. Tidal soil type: common name of silt. There are two subcategories: salinized tidal soil and coastal pebble soil. It covers an area of 759.1 mu, accounting for 0.9% of the total soil area, mainly distributed in the gentle coastal areas. Among them, the coastal salinized tidal soil is distributed in the northwest of Songqian village, North Changshan Island, with a diving depth of about 2 meters, general tillability and poor productivity. Coastal pebble soil, distributed in Beicheng village, Beichang Island. The diving depth is about 3 meters, and the tillage is general. ^[16]

vegetation

The vegetation area of Miaodao Islands is 53514.069 mu, accounting for 67.6% of the total land area of the island. It is found mainly on the larger islands. In the upper part of the hills and ridges, most of the wood is red pine and black pine, and most of the herbs are goat grass and thatch. In the middle, the woody trees are mostly black locust, black pine and cotton locust, and the herbs are wormwood and mountain chrysanthemum. In the lower part, the woody trees are mostly poplar, willow, acacia, paulownia and cotton sophora, the herbs are mostly thatch, and the coastal area has alkali peng and so on. ^[16]

Economic profile

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EDITOR

Economic development

Fishing boats moored at the fishing port of the Temple Island archipelago

The inhabitants of the islands are mainly engaged in fishing. Although the fishery resources were rich in the old days, the fishery production was devastated during the period of Japanese occupation and Kuomintang rule. In 1948, there were 40% fewer fishing boats and 80% fewer net gear than in 1936. After the founding of the People's Republic, the rapid recovery of development, in 1957 the number of fishing vessels increased to 1870, the total catch of 14,590 tons. After the 1960s, the production conditions further improved, began to open up deep-sea fishing grounds, the implementation of a variety of operations, fishing output increased year by year. The total fishing output in 1978 was 48,270 tons, 8.8 times that of 1949. In the 1980s, the fishery production adhered to the policy of "raising mainly, combining fishing and breeding", and the total output in 1985 was 38,725 tons, of which 15,955 tons were caught and 22,770 tons were raised. The production of cultured scallops alone reached 6,970 tons, accounting for more than half of the national total. The total output value of agriculture in the year was 49.77 million yuan, accounting for 47.99% of the total output value of industry and agriculture. In the early 1990s, through the development strategy of "farming sea, herding and fishing", Xiaokang County became the earliest in the country. After several ups and downs, the island tourism industry has entered a healthy development track and become a pillar industry. Tourism directly employs 13,000 people, accounting for a quarter of the total population, 37% of GDP comes from tourism and related services, and tax revenue accounts for more than 60% of local tax revenue. ^[1]

Industrial production began in the 1930s with only small factories and workshops. Since the 1970s, factories and enterprises serving fishery production have developed rapidly. There are now 18 shipyards and 16 aquatic products processing plants. County shipyard can design and manufacture 136kw wooden shell rental 110.25kw steel shell fishing boats. In 1985, the total industrial output value of the county reached 53.93 million yuan, accounting for 52.01% of the total industrial and agricultural output value. Transportation, post and telecommunications are convenient. In 1982, 18.8 kilometers of submarine cable was laid, which was connected in parallel with Yantai power grid, and 110 kilometers of submarine cable of post and telecommunications. The island has 17 ancient sites and ancient tombs from the late Paleolithic Age to the Song Dynasty. Tianhou Palace was built in the fourth year of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty (1122), and now contains a museum and is a key cultural relic protection unit. The islands and reefs are dotted with beautiful scenery everywhere. Crescent Bay, Pagoda Reef, Jiumen Cave, Luohan Reef is especially beautiful. "Hai" and "Haizi" have seen. ^[1]

In 2017, the former Changdao County achieved a regional GDP of 7137.13 million yuan and a per capita GDP of 162,577 yuan. ^[15]

Native products

Miao Island Islands, wide sea area, suitable for artificial cultivation of shallow water area of more than 30,000 mu. The Bohai Strait is the only way for hundreds of fish to migrate, and Marine fishing is advantaged. The main fish and shrimp are mackerel, mackerel, flounder, flower fish, mackerel, hairtail, pomfret, perch, bream, pufferfish, prawns, eagle claw shrimp and so on 30 kinds. Various kinds of algae 119 species, mainly kelp, wakame, laver, cow hair and so on. There are 19 kinds of shellfish, such as abalone crepe, scallop farreri, purple sea urchin, oyster, mussel, tegillarca, red snail, etc. Sea cucumber resources are also very rich. In particular, sea cucumbers, abalone, sea urchins and other sea treasures enjoy high reputation at home and abroad, and are named as "the hometown of China's abalone, the hometown of China's scallops, and the hometown of China's kelp", which is an important export base of China's sea treasures. ^[1]

Long Island is known as "migratory bird station", and nearly 200 species of migratory birds migrate north and south in spring and autumn every year. Medicinal resources are also very rich. On land, there are 569 species of skinkseed, sour jujube kernel, parsnip, Yuan Hu, scorpion, soil yuan, pit viper, etc. There are 154 kinds of Marine drugs such as stichopus, cassia, sea urchin, seahorse, sea turtle and hawksbill turtle. In addition, inkstone, ball stone, flint, grinding stone and bonsai stone also have a certain amount of reserves. ^[1]

Stichopus japonicus, distributed in the waters around the islands. According to the survey of fishery division in 1982, the coastline suitable for the growth of Sticostis is 96.5 kilometers long, accounting for 67.6% of the total coastline, and the resource area is 6 square kilometers. The reserves amounted to 741.2 tons, and 91.8 tons reached the commercial specification. In 1983, we began to adopt artificial breeding and releasing of young ginseng and artificial stone casting and reef building in the sea area to improve the ecological environment of Stichopus japonicus, and the effect of resource multiplication was remarkable.

Wrinkled pan abalone (commonly referred to as abalone), mainly distributed in the island sea area north of the long landscape Road, there is a common saying that "abalone but pearl gate". In the early 1980s, scattered abalone were found in the Lindao sea area south of Chang Shan Shui Road. According to the survey of fisheries division in 1982, the coastline of the county is 58 kilometers long, accounting for 40% of the total coastline, and the resource area is 1.3 square kilometers. The total reserves are 35.3 tons and 13.8 tons to commercial specifications.

Scallops, rich in natural resources, mainly distributed in the waters near Daqin Island and Xiaoqin Island, is one of the special fishing production, 1958 annual fishing output of 2500 tons. Due to the destruction of cool fishing and ecological environment, most of the resources of the original scallop field were exhausted, and after 1963, it could not form a production scale. According to the investigation of fisheries division in 1982, the northwest sea area of Daqin Island, the outer sea area of East village of Daqin Island, the southwest reef of Daqin Island, the two reef sea area and the end of Jiaoji Island are the new habitat areas of scallops. In 1976, the whole artificial raft culture scallop experiment began. In 1985, the breeding area reached 5000 mu, and the annual harvest was 6970 tons, accounting for more than half of the national total output.

Echinococcus aureus is mainly distributed in the northern islands and the waters around the Chayu Island of Dazhushan and Xiaozhushan. According to the survey of fisheries division in 1982, the resource area is 5.7 square kilometers, and the reserves are 283.5 tons (fresh products), reaching 62.1 tons of commodity specifications. After the founding of the People's Republic, the highest annual production (1982) was 350 tons. 1977, processed into semi-finished products exported to Japan. In 1980, a small number of cans were produced.

Oysters are mainly distributed on the rocks in the intertidal zone of South Changshan, North Changshan, Miao Dao, Big Black Mountain, Little Black Mountain, South 砣子, fish scale, Monkey Rock and other islands. In the mid-1970s, the annual production of oyster meat was about 13 tons (of which about 3 tons were purchased by the state and the rest were eaten by the public). At the end of the 1970s, due to cool fishing and the destruction of the ecological environment, the resources declined significantly. According to the survey of fisheries division in 1982, the total volume of oyster distribution was 0.5 square kilometers, and the resource reserves were 1303.6 tons (fresh products, 65.2 tons of fresh meat). Long Island has a long history of oyster consumption, and a large number of oyster skins have been found in ancient tombs. Qing Dynasty poet Song Wan chant "Oyster" poem cloud: "Cliff clusters with honeycomb, sober up the appropriate son mother soup. What kind of things with the king Kandi Si, Jiang Yao flavor slightly equivalent." ^[17]

The stone of Yaoji Island

Leadstone Inkstone , also known as the gold Star snow wave inkstone, is one of the famous inkstones, the department of Leadstone processing. This stone is distributed under the cliff in the northwest of Moshizuui village, Jiaoji Island, the texture is oily and delicate, fine in the front, soft in the just. After the ink stone, its color is black as paint, and Venus flickers, stomach waves swell, with the characteristics of grinding foam, ink is very good, astringent not stagnant pen, oil and do not eat ink. Stone inkstone was made in the Song Dynasty, which was very popular among scholars of all dynasties. Gongji inkstone has been a tribute since the Qing Dynasty. The Qianlong emperor had to keep his inkstone in the Palace Museum. In 1979, Zhuoji inkstone began to have a small number of exports.

Stone bonsai, also known as Leadstone bonsai, is made of Leadstone bonsai processing. This stone is mainly produced in Zhuoji Island, to the northern Bawangshan offshore production is the best, wave erosion strip sericeous phyllite, containing 40% mica, 30% quartz, chlorite 25%, other substances 5%. In 1981, the landscape bonsai made by Zhuoji Town Arts and Crafts Association was exported to Japan and the United States.

Flint, commonly known as flint, is a quartzite. It is distributed in all islands, and the best ones are produced in Daheishan Island and Mantis Island. Its texture is hard and brittle, collision fire, corrosion and wear resistance. Containing silica more than 99.5%, containing iron 0.05%, its color is light, mostly milky white, beige, also white with blue, gray through blue, red middle purple and rose, smoke brown and so on. Flint processing, can be used as the best lining of the polishing machine, but also should be used as building decoration. In 1974, it was sold to Japan and Singapore.

The globules are distributed in the bays of the islands, the bars of the islands and the spits of the islands. In particular, the Moon Bay of North Changshan Island, Maishizui of Daheuksan Island, Nankewan Bay of South Wangseong Island, and the west mouth of Dajin Island have high spheroid roundness. Steel mills, chemical fiber plants used to promote oxygen, oxygen filtration; Ceramic factory, paint factory used as filler for ball mill. The ornamental value of the ball stone is very high. Visitors choose beautiful patterns of gifts to relatives and friends, left as a memorial to the island. In the construction of the choice of similar shapes, different colors of the ball stone, decorative facade, paving the path. From the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the stone was exported to Japan, Albania and other countries.

Grinding stone, produced in the west coast of Moshizui village, Jiaoji Island. According to the unearthed cultural relics research, as early as the Longshan culture period, Zhuoji grinding stone was mined and used. At the end of the 1950s, there began to be self-employed processing shipped to Yantai sales. From 1964 to 1965, it was operated by the collective, with a maximum annual output of about 100 tons, most of which were sold abroad. This stone is phyllite, grayish yellow, silky luster, oily texture, containing mica and a small amount of silica. Dip in water grinding oystercatcher pulp, commonly known as "fine grinding stone", sharp tools grinding oystercatcher without cutting edge. ^[18]

Tourism development

In the 1980s, Changdao County (now part of Penglai District) began tourism development on the Miaodao Islands. In 1985, Shandong Province designated the coastal scenic area of Jiaodong Peninsula, which consists of four scenic spots: Changdao and Penglai Pavilion in Yantai, Liugong Island and Chengshantou in Weihai, as provincial scenic area; In 1988, Jiaodong Peninsula seaside scenic area was listed as the second batch of national key scenic areas by The State Council. ^[19]

Changshan Islands national Geopark opening ceremony

In 2005, the Changshan Islands (Miaodao Islands) were approved by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China as a national geopark. At that time, it was the only national geopark of sea island type in China. ^[20]

Land and sea traffic

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EDITOR

From the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty, the Miaodao Islands were one of the two shortcuts for entering Liaodong from the Central Plains. The Ming Dynasty "Quan Liao Zhi" recorded: "Jinzhou Lushun pass south to Dengzhou New river bank through 550 miles of water, moderate island named Sheep pot, stone engraved on the south bank to the north bank of a total of 550 miles, wind can be reached within two days. First arrived late in Lushun business bank, the next day from Lushun sailing, arrived late in Sancha River docking bank. The islands are connected like a relay." Denglai's sea ships can reach the transfer station of Liaoning Siwei to Jilin shipyard, Kaiyuan Laomiwan. Then transfer from Laomiwan to Jilin Shipyard, and sail from Jilin Shipyard to Miao Street. ^[21-22]

Harbor

Before 1929, Long Island had no docks. Ship loading and unloading directly ashore or transported by 舢 lighter. In 1929, the Northeast Navy built a wooden dock at the front entrance of Sihou Village (now Paradise Village) and the west entrance of Quezui Village on the South Changshan Island, and reliable small steamboats. In 1948, the Administration of the East Lai Islands built two docks. One is in the northwest of Quezui Village, 80 meters long, 10.7 meters wide at the top, and 3 meters deep at high tide. It was originally stone, repaired many times after the founding of the People's Republic, filled with cement, and is still used, called "old pier". The other is on the east side of Guangji Island, 90 meters long, 6.8 meters wide, stone. Because the residents near the pier are mostly Jiang, it is called "Jiang Family Pier", which was abandoned in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, 16 wharves were built by the garrison and 3 were built locally. Among them, the Changdao Port is divided into a commercial port and a fishing port, and the Zhuoji Dam and the Dongcun safe port of Daqin Island are both fishing and commercial ports. Nanchangshan, Jiaoji, Qindao, and Huangcheng are key fishing ports for the masses, while Miaodao, Daheishan and XiaoHeishan are general fishing ports and havens.

Long Island Harbor

Long Island Port, is the only access to the island in the original Changdao County. Long Island Harbor on South Changshan Island. In June 1973, the construction Committee of the port of Changdao County began to prepare for construction, and it was officially constructed on April 1, 1974, and completed on April 1, 1977. The dock approach embankment is 280 meters long, 13 meters wide, the main dock is 150 meters long, the water depth is 4 meters, and it can dock three 500-ton ships at the same time. The freight yard covers an area of 13,800 square meters, and has a tool warehouse, water supply room and less-than-carload room. In 1982, 500 square meters of warehouse was built in the freight yard. In 1985, the port handled 164,000 tons. On March 10, 2004, the Port of Long Island officially accepted the fishing port of Long Island as a cargo terminal, becoming a comprehensive port integrating passenger transport and freight transport. ^[23]

shipping

From the 1950s to the 1970s, general goods on the island were mainly carried by military ships, fishing boats, and passenger ships, while bulk goods such as grain, coal, sand, and stone were transported by foreign transport ships. After the 1970s, the state group sent ships to the island to operate, opening up the Penglai - South Changshan Island - North Changshan Island - Jiaoji Island - Dachin Island - North Huangcheng Island passenger route. On April 23, 1958, the South Changshan Island - Temple Island - Small Black Mountain Island - Big Black Mountain Island route was opened. In 1976, Qingdao Shipping Bureau of Shandong Transportation Department was established Long Island Harbor . In the south Changshan island to Penglai, South Changshan Island to Daheishan Island, North five islands opened a regular boat. And together with the tour company ship to open up a south Changsan island - Miaodo island - Pagoda Reef - Daheishan Island - Chayu Island tour route. There are 13 large and small docks in the territory, which are divided into commercial ports and fishing ports, and can dock 500-1000 ton ships respectively. ^[23]

highroad

During the period of the Republic of China, the eight islands of Changshan built four roads, with a total length of 16 kilometers, on the South Changshan Island, Paradise Village - Quezui village - Liancheng Village, Paradise Village - Hougou Village - Heishitui Village and North Changshan Island, Beicheng village - Songqian village - Dianzi Village, Dianzi village - Huagou village - Beicheng village. Roads were also built on the other islands, totalling 14 km. From 1950 to 1957, the People's Liberation Army on the islands built a total of 74.5 kilometers of roads on the islands. Among them, Namjangsan Island 16.4 km, Bukjangsan Island 12.3 km, Daheuksan Island 6.6 km, Gyuji Island 11 km, Dajin Island 7 km, Dazhushan Island 2.2 km, Bukwangseong Island 11.2 km, and Namjangseong Island 7.8 km.

In March 1960, the garrison rebuilt the connection project between the south and North Changshan Islands (Yushi Street), which was completed in October of that year. The dam is 1050 meters long, 45 meters wide at the base and 10 meters wide at the top. By the end of 1985, there were 78 km of roads. ^[24]

Social history

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EDITOR

establishment

The county seat of Changshan Island is located on the south Changshan Island of Miaodao Islands

The whole territory of the Temple Island archipelago is under the jurisdiction of the former Changdao County. The county is named after Changshan Island. From Qin to Sui all belong to Huang County. After the Tang Dynasty belongs to Penglai County, set big Xie Xu on the island. The Song Dynasty set up Tuoji (now called Pueji) and Shamen two villages on the island as places to exile prisoners. Yuan garrison on Samen island. Ming had garrison on the island of Changshan Tuntian, are coastal defense fortress.

In June 1928, the Kuomintang Northeast Navy entered the Long Island, set up the Civil Affairs Bureau, and separated from the administrative subordination of Penglai County, and officially established the eight Islands of Changshan Administrative Region in the next year, directly affiliated with the province. In October 1933, it was changed into the Changshan Eight Island Special Zone, which was still affiliated with the province. In March 1935, the Special Zone was abolished and incorporated into Penglai County. In June of the same year, the Changshan Eight Islands Special Zone was restored, directly under the province. In January 1937, it became the seventh Administrative Supervision District of Shandong Province under the Kuomintang. In August 1945, the Communist Party set up the Changshan Island military and political office, which was abolished in October, and established the Changshan Island Special Zone, which was the Beihai special zone of Jiaodong Administrative Region. From September 1947 to August 1949, it was occupied by the Kuomintang army and set up Changshan Island District, which is Penglai County. In August 1949, the Changshan Islands were liberated, and the Changshan Island Special Zone was restored, still belonging to the Beihai Special Zone of Jiaodong Administrative Region. In May 1950, the Beihai Special Zone was abolished and changed into the newly established Laiyang Special Zone. In May 1956, Changshan Island Special Zone was abolished and Changdao County was established, which was still a Laiyang special Zone. In December 1958, Changdao County and Huangxian County were merged into Penglai County, and the Changdao People's Commune was established in the former administrative area of Changdao County. In April 1962, it was transformed into Changdao District, still under Penglai County. In June 1963, The State Council approved the restoration of Changdao County, and the county office was stationed in Sihou Village, Long Island, which belonged to Yantai Special Area, Yantai region and Yantai City. ^[2]

In 1985, Changdao County set up Changshan Town, Zhuoji town, North Changshan Township, Miaodao Township, Daheishan Township, Xiaoheishan Township, Daqin Island Township, Xiaoqin Island Township, South Huang town, North Huang town and other 2 towns and 8 townships, a total of 40 villages. ^[1]

In 2017, Changdao County has jurisdiction over 8 townships (towns and streets), 2 development and management offices, and 40 administrative villages (neighborhood committees). ^[15]

On June 19, 2020, Shandong Province abolished Penglai City and Changdao County and established Penglai District of Yantai City, taking the former administrative areas of Penglai City and Changdao County as the administrative areas of Penglai District, and the Penglai District People's Government is located at No. 1 Zhonglou East Road, Dengzhou Street (the former residence of Penglai Municipal Government). ^[25]

population

The Long Island area has been inhabited since the late Paleolithic Period. The Song Dynasty was a place to send prisoners. During the Yuan Dynasty, maritime transportation increased and the number of residents on the island increased. In the 26th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1394 AD), the emperor ordered the islanders to move to the west of Penglai County because of the frequent harassment of the island by Japanese pirates. In the 21st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1593 AD), 400 officers and soldiers of the concentration camp army were transferred to the south and North Changshan Island, and then the island was left for citizenship. In the early Qing Dynasty, the islanders were ordered to move away and empty the island. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi (1683 AD), the court ordered to recruit coastal migrants and return to the fields. In the 26th year of Kangxi (1687 AD), the authorities issued "holding tickets" to ensure passage in order to encourage the emigrated islanders to return to the island to reclaim land. At the same time, the policy of "recruiting people to persuade farming" and "breeding in prosperous times, never adding Fu" was implemented, and the population of the island increased significantly. ^[26] In 1990, the total population was 38,893, of which 29,232 were agricultural and 9661 were non-agricultural, with a population density of 748 per square kilometer. There are four ethnic groups, Han, Hui, Manchu and Korean, with a total minority population of 7 people. ^[1] At the end of 2017, the total population of the city (counties and districts) was 42,500, of which 16,800 were urban. ^[15]

culture

890 years ago, the temple island Mazu Xianying Palace is the most influential Mazu official temple in northern China, more than 6500 years ago, the prehistoric site of Beizhuang is a representative of Chinese fishing and hunting civilization, and agricultural civilization on behalf of the West Banpo has equal historical value, known as the East Banpo by archaeologists, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage team leader Yan Wenming positioning Long Island "Chinese civilization has a long history, This is the beginning of Marine civilization." ^[27]

Xianying Palace is the largest ancestral temple in northern China. After the construction of the temple, the south and North boat people held the Yulan meeting in July every year, invited the opera troupe to sing, ships gathered, merchants and merchants, which was called a grand event, lasting nearly 800 years, until the end of the Qing Dynasty gradually fell. ^[28]

Military affairs

Because the Temple island archipelago is located in the Bohai Strait yellow, Bo two sea junction, for the Bohai Sea "throat", guard Beijing and Tianjin "gateway", is the front line of coastal defense, in the military, called Changshan fortress. In modern times, foreign fleets passed through the Changshan Islands, broke into the Bohai Sea, and invaded Beijing and Tianjin seven times. Including: 1858 to 1860 the Second Opium War British and French allied forces in the Dagu area of three landing operations, 1900 the eight-power allied forces to attack the battle of Beijing and Tianjin, 1904 Japanese-Russian battle for Liaodong area, 1914 Japanese troops from the brigade, the battle of Qingdao, 1937 Japanese Dagu Beitang landing operations and so on. There have been many battles in the history of the island. In the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese invaders invaded Changdao, the Ming Army fought with Kong Youde, and the Japanese Army occupied Huangcheng Island and Daheishan Island in the Qing Dynasty. In the Northern Expedition War, the Second Fleet of the Northeast Navy annihilated the remnants of Zhang Zongchang. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the Eighth Route Army attacked the Japanese here many times, and once conquered the Zhuoji Island puppet army stronghold and attacked the Nancheng Puppet army stronghold.

The most famous is the Battle of Changshan Island during the Liberation War. That is, the battle of liberation of Changshan Island by the People's Liberation Army in July and August 1949. Xu Shiyou, the first deputy commander of the Shandong Military Region, assumed the overall command. The 72nd Division of the 24th Army of the East China Field Army participated in the war. A total of 390 sailing ships and 44 steamboats were mobilized, organized into four squadrons. Due to the typhoon attack at the end of July, the ship was damaged, and by 18 o 'clock on August 11, the general offensive began, and on 12 South and North Changshan Island, Big and small Montenegro Island, Temple Island and big and small Zhushan Island were all liberated. On August 13, the army received a typhoon warning, and the attack on the North Five Islands was suspended. After the typhoon on the 19th, the remnants of Yaoji Island, Chin Island and Huang Cheng Island fled by boat, and the whole island of Long Island was liberated on the 20th. During the battle, more than 200 people were killed, 1,305 captured, 15 pieces of artillery, 72 light and heavy machine guns, 1,095 long and short guns, more than 280,000 rounds of guns and bullets, 10 ships and boats, 4 cars, and 190 tons of grain were captured. The battle set a precedent for the Chinese People's Liberation Army's sea-crossing operations. During the battle, PLA commanders lost 47 men and were wounded 224. ^[29]

Long Island Black Mountain Border Police Station on Big Black Mountain Island

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Miaodao Islands remained the key garrison area of the Chinese coastal defense Force, and the border troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were stationed on the islands. ^[30]

Historic site

Nagamio

礓 head (Changshanwei), located in the southeast of South Changshan Island, is the intersection of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, surrounded by the sea on three sides, with hills and hills. Mountains, lush pines and cypress, the four seasons often breeding, every spring and autumn, the past migratory birds more in this fetters, the forest birds whistling eloquently, the bay, pebbles crystal clear water; Rocky shore, deep culvert, reef spread, is a good place for fishing. On the top of the mountain close look: sea aquaculture floating line, just like the sea garden; A bar of sand protrudes into the sea, just like a dragon swimming in the water. Overlooking: the islands loom, fishing boats shuttle; Whenever the mist enveloped the time, south looking at the Penglai Danya, fairy pavilion in the sky, like a mirage. ^[28]

Fengshan Mountain

Fengshan, located in the east side of the former Long Island county seat, 125 meters high, the ancient beacon tower. In 1984, the tourist site was built. The following year, the second peak built the Bird Specimen Exhibition Hall, where more than 200 species of bird specimens were displayed, showing birds flying, foraging, hunting, climbing branches, courtship and singing. The main peak has eagle sculpture, 8 meters high, 4 meters, and Penglai Pavilion far opposite. The main peak has two eaves painting pavilion. The secondary peak can be reached along the panshan road, and the main peak can be climbed from the secondary peak to pick up the step (205). Standing on the summit, you can overlook the Penglai Pavilion in the south, and overlook the whole picture of the original Long Island county seat in the west. Every clear morning, the red sun is out, the sea is ripening, the water and the sky reflect each other, the sun jumps out of the sea, this scene is better than Mount Tai sunrise.

Wangfu Reef

Wangfu Reef, located at the north end of South Changshan Island. Standing in the north of Jade Street to the southeast, the reef resembles a fishing woman holding a baby looking forward to the return of relatives at sea. Wangfu Reef around the reef densely covered, the water is rich in bait, for visitors to fish.

Jade Street

Jade Street, also known as "One night Street", is located between South and North Changshan Island. "(revised) Dengzhou Fu record" records "North and South Changshan is five miles apart, Zhongtong road, more than 20 zhangs, all pearl stone, famous jade street." Jade Street is a natural stone long beach, the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, every low tide season, the people on both sides of the strait can still exchange, after the sea tide. In 1960, the Long Island Garrison built a 1050 meters long, 8 meters wide, 3 meters above the water on Yushi Street, connecting the South and North Changshan Islands. This dam across the sea Ling waves, imposing, walking on it, pleasant breeze. In 1983, two pavilions (cable house) were built at the end of the dam, such as hagdon spreading wings, jumping to fly, quite colorful; On the west side of the dam, the sea is like Yaochi, Temple Island, Shaobao Island, Pagoda Reef dotted among them, the majestic and elegant display palace, the pile of snow and flowers and galloping boats, the flowery aquaculture float... Form a good map of Shanghai; On the east side of the dam, far from the big, small bamboo mountain and Cheyou Island, to the north is expected to lead Ji, Chin Island, Huang Cheng islands. Whenever the wind wins the high tide, the vast sea in the east, roaring waves pouncing to the sky, hitting the dam, swirling, cascading waterfalls, sound like thunder, it is spectacular. ^[28]

Half Moon Bay

Half Moon Bay, the ancient north mouth, is located in North Changshan Island Songqian village north, about 1 km long, stretching according to the mountain, holding the sea and lying, shaped like a crescent moon. In the late 1950s, the garrison built a firing range here, named Half Moon Bay after the shape of the bay. In September 1979, Vice Chairman Ye Jianying came here and wrote a poem called Yueya Bay, so it was also named Yueya Bay. In summer, the waves in the bay are flat and slow, the water is like a mirror, and the mountains and trees are reflected in the sea and the reflection of the blue sky and white clouds, just like the fairy mansion; In autumn and winter, waves and waves turn, jade flying beads splash, such as accumulation of thousands of layers of snow. Beachhead five-color ball stone, pearl garden jade run, beautiful as a pearl rock, people love. Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo wrote "Twelve Stones in the North Sea" to praise the Changdao stone: "... And domes, colorful or gold. Xining has been unitary years old, Li Tianzhang division for the guard, Wu Ziye to travel from. When the two ministers retired to Deng, they sent people into the islands to take stones, and got twelve plants, all of which were bright and bright." The water quality of Half Moon Bay is pure, and it is a natural bathing place. In 1981, it was included in the Dictionary of Scenic Spots of China. In September 1983, the county government began the construction of Half Moon Bay Park. In 1985, the 100-meter long outline and crescent pavilion of the kilometer dam were built. In the summer, visitors sit in the porch picnic, drink wine in the wind, believe that they are in a fairyland feeling. ^[28]

Jiuzhang Cliff

Jiuzhang Cliff, located in North Changshan Island west mountain north, west pearl gate. Cliff height of more than 60 meters, if split, towering spectacular. Standing under the cliff, I saw a green ochre, above the sky, below the sea, Karma rock out, shaky, the bottom of the cliff covered with reefs, such as a bench such as a bed, different shapes. Camping here in summer, cool and quiet, very pleasant. In autumn and winter, when the north wind is angry, the waves and stones, the potential is like snow, and the sound is like the bell and drum, the heart is suddenly.

Waters around the Pearl Gate

Pearl Gate, located in the northwest of North Changshan Island between Rui and wave Island, about 1000 meters wide, about 20 meters deep, is one of the north-south sea traffic arteries of Long Island. Looking from the east of Block Wave Island, the pattern on the stone wall of Daxishan is like two dragons, and there is a reef 10 meters away, the local people call it "Lai Lai spider" (that is, arasshu) reef, so there is a saying that two dragons play with pearls, and the pearl Gate is named after this. ^[28]

Temple island shows the palace

Xianying Palace, also known as Tianhou Palace, commonly known as the Goddess of the sea Goddess Temple. It is located in the north of Temple Island. In the fourth year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (1122 AD), it was financed by Fujian merchants and boat people. In the first year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1628 AD), Yang Guodong, the left governor, was appointed to build and expand the Ding. The Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have been repaired many times, forming a relatively large scale of ancient buildings. The building is divided into four courtyards, the front, the middle and the back, with a length of 166 meters from north to south and a width of 50 meters from east to west, with a total area of 8,300 square meters. There are drama tower, front hall, bell drum second floor, main hall, Harem, Long Island Maritime Museum and other buildings. ^[28]

Jiumen Cave, located in the Shandong Linhai area of Daheishan Island Temple (" Shandong Tongzhi ", "Dengzhou Fu Zhi" and "Penglai County Zhi" are all mistakenly recorded in Jiaoji Island), consists of nine sea caves, hence the name. The entrance of Germanium fall is caused, such as the gate arrangement, imposing Wei E, the cave winding path through you, string corridor roundabout. Early in the morning, the sun rises in the east, and Danxi Ying Cave has a different view. The southernmost cave and the natural terrain adjacent to the northern end have been destroyed by rock cutting. ^[28]

macrodome

Dading Cave, located in the north of Daheishan Island five ding mountain (also known as half split mountain, broken mountain) under. Outside the cave was a cliff, as steep as a cut; The entrance is more than 20 meters high and about 3 meters wide. It can be entered by boat. The roof of the cave is uneven, strange rocks hanging upside down, a crack in the spring out of the stone, a little bit of fall, more water curved cave you; The hole is 30 meters deep, suddenly high and open, like a hall like a hall, there is a tall stone pillar standing in the middle, the hall is divided into two corridors, the left corridor deep, two arches flash out, just like two inner rooms, one room has the sun shining into, especially bright. Right porch to 40 meters deep, need to wade to explore the strange, there are holes on the side, can pass to the west side of the mountain, there is a stone reef outside the hole, smooth and smooth, like jade carving, there are natural "window", "balcony", look like a building like a pavilion, commonly known as "false building". ^[28]

Pagoda Reef, located at the northern end of Li犋 Island, is 21 meters high and about 5 meters in diameter in the middle. It is shaped like a pagoda. The reef system is formed by stratigraphic structural fracture and Marine erosion wind stripping. The Revised Records of Tengzhou Prefecture once wrote: "... A stone outside the island, sudden wave, cool Xiao Butu, for the boat to enter the gate, the name pagoda door." Pagoda Reef is not only one of the wonders of the sea, but also the natural navigational symbol of the Baodi Gate Channel.

The lion Stone is located near the sea at the northern end of Small Black Mountain Island. 11 meters high, from the west, like a lion lying on the shore. To the northeast of the lion stone stands the pagoda Reef, and the lion is like the "guard" who guards the pagoda day and night. Whenever the sea breeze comes, the waves clap on the shore, the waves splash and roar, the "lion" seems to roar in the vibration of the iguana, which is an absolute.

Shiyudo

Cheyou Island, the ancient sand mill, sand cap, morning glory, axle island and other names. It covers an area of 0.044 km2. All around the steep walls are like cutting, a hand-cut winding path hanging on the mountainside, visitors pick up the steps like climbing the sky ladder. The island is inhabited by countless seagulls in spring and summer, which can cover the sun when flying and land like snow on the top of the mountain, so it is known as "million birds Island". ^[28]

Fairy Cave, located in the southwest end of the mountain island, because the cave resembles the fairy wonderland named. The hole is divided into two holes, through each other, whenever the tide rushes in, it is like a tiger roaring dragon singing. The cliff outside the cave is like splitting and cutting; The cave is cool, high and open, deep and winding. If you sail into the boat, the cool breeze is coming, the sound of the murmuring water and the zheng xiao combined singing, the sound is pleasant, the stone walls on both sides have purple electric green light, dazzling, fantastic and blurred, as if entering a fairyland.

Yaoji stone wave, is the west and north of Yaoji Island rocky shore of the sea erosion wonders. The stone is a wave erosion strip sericite phyllite, containing mica, quartz, chlorite and a variety of mineral components, the stone color is red, black, white and blue. Because of the wind and rain erosion, the sea waves are biting, a piece of stone wall is outlined a colorful pattern, some like clouds chasing the moon, some like rivers running, some like dragons, some like animals... Visitors here to admire the stone, as if in a natural art gallery.

Mound Foshan, located in the southeast of the South God city Island, 71.8 meters high, there are stone carvings, the Qing Dynasty had to "Meituo Reef" as a scenic spot recorded in the "Dengzhou Fu Records". There are several stones on the top of the mountain, half on the spot half hanging in the air, it is frightening. A stone in the middle, engraved with a chessboard, about 80 cm long, about 40 cm wide, clear lines, square grid, legend for the Buddha in this chess left, it is also called chess panshan. There is a stone cave named Mirror Stone Cave on the side of the mountain. There is a rectangular wall stone on the left side of the entrance, such as smooth, shining, as long as there are past boats on the sea, the stone mirror will reflect the shadow of the ship.

Luohan Reef, also known as Fo Ye Reef, is located at the northern end of Xiaoling in South Huangcheng Island, 13.5 meters high. Yuanwang looks like an old monk with a calm heart and a north face. Every spring and summer season, the sea flow fog rolling, "old monk" in the fog, more "Xianqi" full. It is recorded in Shandong Tongzhi and Penglai County Annals of Qing Dynasty. ^[28]

Xianglu Reef, there are many Xianglu Reef on Long Island, the only south, North God Island between the Xianglu Reef is the most famous, 3 meters high, similar to the incense burner. If the sea is filled with fog, the incense burner is really burning incense and burning paper, and the smoke clouds are curling.

Since ancient times, Long Island has been famous for the wonders of the city. To the generation of great writer Su Shi for this to write the face of the city of the population. Yuan Dynasty annals "Qi Ride" once recorded that the islands "in the sea, Cang show picturesque, the city is now extinct, often on the five islands." The city generally appears at the turn of summer and autumn, when the wind is small and the waves are flat, suddenly there is a fantasy between the sea and the sky, or as mountains and rivers, or as villages and idyllic villages, or as pavilions and mansions, or as city corridors and busy cities, which are unreachable.

Haizi, most appear in the clear day when the wind stops and the tide is flat, I see the sea and sky as a whole, the boat is like the swirling air, the shape of the island changes, or jumps to half a day, or the two ends are tilted, or the upper and lower are separated, or is a variety of geometric figures, the face is completely different, confusing and confusing. It is really "cliff into a wide fu, Pingshan show Qifeng, high when overturning, divided and in the twinkling of an eye". This scene lasts a long time and is more common than the city. ^[28]

ecology

In the Agreement on the Protection of Migratory Birds and Their Habitat signed by the Government of China and Japan in 1981, the list of 227 species of migratory birds in China and Japan was protected, and 158 species were observed in Nagashima. In order to effectively protect all kinds of birds, in 1982, the People's Government of Shandong Province approved the designation of 11 places such as Changshan Islands as bird nature reserves. There are 12 islands designated as raptor nature reserves, of which North Huangcheng Island, Daheishan Island, Dazhushan Island, Jiaoji Island and Nanchangshan Island 礓 are designated as key conservation areas, Cheyou Island, Gaoshan Island and Monkey Island are designated as special nature reserves for birds to facilitate the concentrated breeding of summer migratory birds. ^[31]

In June 2001, Shandong Provincial government approved the establishment of Shandong Miaodao Seal Provincial Nature Reserve. The object of protection is the Western Pacific harbor seal, which is a national second-class protected animal. ^{[33] 32 -}

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