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The Greater Khingan Mountains, yes
Xing 'an Mountains
The western component is located
Heilongjiang Province
Northwest,
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
The northeast, yes
Inner Mongolia Plateau
with
Songliao plain
The watershed,
[1]
with
Taihang Mountains
It is connected with Xuefeng Mountain and closely connects Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places.
[20]
The total area is about 327,200 square kilometers (including about 240,000 square kilometers in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 84,800 square kilometers in Heilongjiang Province).
[13]
From the Black Dragon River bank in the north (northeast backbone) to the south
The West Lamuron River
Upstream valley, northeast-to-southwest trend, a total length of more than 1,400 kilometers, 200 to 400 kilometers wide,
[1]
Elevation 1100~1400 meters, the main peak
The Soyuerzi Mountains
.
[5]
[16]
The Greater Khingan Mountains not only support the lifeblood of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and other industries in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, but also the granation and drinking water source to maintain life.
[20]
The Greater Khingan Mountains forest ecosystem is
Songnen plain
and
Hulunbuir Grassland
The natural green barrier
[1]
It is one of the important forestry bases in China.
[5]
The terrain of the Greater Khingan Mountains is high in the west and low in the east. It is located at the eastern edge of the second ladder and the junction of the second ladder and the third ladder. To the east of the ridge of the Greater Khingan Mountains is the third ladder, and to the west is the second ladder. North, west and central high. Averaging 573 meters above sea level,
[5]
The highest peak, Huanggang Liang (2029 meters above sea level),
[16]
The lowest elevation is 180 meters (Yanjiang village, Sanka Township, Huma County).
[17]
Winter is cold and summer is warm, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the annual average temperature is minus 2.8℃, the lowest temperature is minus 52.3℃, the frost-free period is 90 to 110 days, the annual average precipitation is 746 mm, it is a cold temperate continental monsoon climate.
[5]
- Chinese name
- The Greater Khingan Mountains
- Foreign name
- Greater Khingan Mountains
- alias
- Da Xianbei Mountain [3]
- Subordinate mountain system
- Xing 'an Mountains
- Geographical position
- Northwest Heilongjiang Province, northeast Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
- Go to
- Northeast -- southwest [16]
- Initial point
- North from the Black dragon River
- Terminal point
- South to the upper valley of the West Lamoulon River
- Principal peak
- Huanggang beam [16]
- Good season for play
- All seasons, summer and fall best
- Local climate
- Cold temperate continental monsoon climate
- Famous scenic spot
- Arctic Village , Rouge groove , Northernmost family , Beihong Village
- Area product
- 327,200 square kilometers (including about 240,000 square kilometers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 84,800 square kilometers in Heilongjiang Province) [13]
- Range length
- 1400 km [1]
- Range width
- 200~400 km [1]
- altitude
- 1100~1400 meters
catalogue
- 1Location boundary
- 2Major mountain range
- 3Major peak
- ▪Halaha Volcano group
- ▪Yaogcheonsan
- ▪Daebaeksan
- ▪Huanggang beam
- 4Resource status
- ▪Biological resources
- ▪Mineral resources
- ▪Water resources
- ▪Climatic resources
- ▪Tourism resources
- 5Geographical environment
- ▪geology
- ▪landform
Map of the Greater Khingan Mountains
Greater Khingan Mountains to the territory of Hinggan League
Taoer River
It is divided into two sections, north and south. The northern section is about 770 kilometers long, and the terrain gradually rises from north to south, with the secondary peak located in the Arshan Mountain of Hinggan League
Motianling Mountain
It is 1,711.8 meters above sea level. The east and west sides of the mountain are the source of the right bank tributaries of the Nenjiang River and the Erguna River system.
Forest cover rate
More than 60%, mainly in the coniferous forest dominated by larch Xingan, the main tree species are larch Xingan, Pinus camphor,
Red bark spruce
White birch, Mongolian oak, aspen, etc., are important ecological barriers and national forest conservation areas in northeast China. The southern section, also known as Sukeilu Mountain, is about 600 kilometers long and has mostly grassland vegetation. The low mountain belt east of the Dadan - Lindong - Lubei - Ulan Hada line has gentle slopes and wide valleys, and wide intermountain basins and valley plains are interleaved, making it an excellent pasture.
[1]
The Greater Khingan Mountains
In 2020, the Hulunbuir Civil Bureau named 14 branches and sub-branches of the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the Hulunbuir administrative region. The names are as follows: Wuhe Mountain branch, Sanqi Mountain branch, Yaladaba Wula branch, Urigen Wula branch, Duolun Mountain branch, Mokeling branch, Gaopingshan branch, Ilhuli Mountain branch, Ganuo Mountain branch, Galdun Mountain branch, Yak Mountain sub-branch, Arazi Mountain sub-branch, Zakqi Mountain sub-branch, Huerya Taishan sub-branch.
[2]
The main watershed between Heilongjiang and the main vein of the Greater Khingan Mountains in the south is the Emur Mountains, with an average elevation of about 1000 meters, constituting the eastern Zhongshan zone; Old Chaohe and
Daelimha
Between the Holotai Mountain, 927 meters above sea level, the terrain is slightly lower, forming a south-north central Zhongshan zone; The west is the main vein of the north end of the Great Khingan Mountains, and the elevation of the watershed is more than 1000 meters, and the higher terrain constitutes the Zhongshan zone of the south, north and west.
Alshan Tianchi
Yaoquan Mountain, also known as Mount Geleshan, is located in the southern part of the Wudalianchi volcanic Group. It erupted about 300,000 years ago, the volcano is 355.8 meters above sea level, 60.8 meters above the ground, looking like a certain distance
Tsuchiyama
. is
Wudalianchi volcano group
It is the lowest and smallest volcano in the middle, but its form is more typical.
Great Khingan Mountains Dabai Mountains
Huanggangliang is the highest peak of the Greater Khingan Mountains, at 2,029 meters above sea level, located in Inner Mongolia
Hexigten Banner
In the northeast, Huanggangliang area has preserved the most complete form of Quaternary glaciers with various types, which is a typical valley glacier. On both sides of Huanggangliang, there are glacial relics such as icedips, U-shaped valleys, Angle peaks, end moraine bars, side moraine bars, streaks of stone boulders, which are called ice Valley forest Sea, which is the best preserved one found with complete glacial landforms and the highest scientific research value
Fourth glacial remains
.
[16]
The Greater Khingan Mountains are home to more than 40 species of exotic animals, such as reindeer, moose, snow rabbit, sable, and flower-tailed hazel chicken (also known as flying dragon). The energy flow and material circulation of the forest itself maintain and optimize the ecological environment of the Greater Khingan Mountains. In May 2021, the world's critically endangered species, which has high requirements for migration and habitat environment, also appeared in the Greater Khingan Mountains.
[20]
There are 73,000 square kilometers of woodland in the Greater Khingan Mountains, with a forest coverage rate of 74.1%, thriving in the vast green ocean
Red deer in the cold temperate zone
,
Reindeer
,
moose
(He reaches he),
Sika deer
,
Brown bear
,
sable
,
pterosaur
,
Pheasant
,
Stick chicken
,
Swan
,
roe
, Milu deer (commonly known as Sibuxiang),
Boar
, black chicken,
Snow Hare
More than 400 species of rare birds and exotic animals such as roe deer (dwarf deer, wild sheep) and more than 1,000 species of wild plants have become a rare wild animal and plant paradise in China's high latitude region. Flowing in the Greater Khingan Mountains
Gan River
, Dobkul, Naduri,
Huma
More than 20 large and small rivers, such as Emur, eventually injected into the mother river of the border people
Amur River
. Sturgeon is abundant here.
beluga
, Zhe Luo, thin scale,
Damaha
Precious cold water, such as river snow fish
fish
.
[9]
There are 56 species of mammals in 6 orders, 16 families in the Greater Khingan Mountains. Among them, the representative animals of the cold temperate zone are very rich, and many belong to the rare and endangered species, which should be given priority protection. The animal in which he has inscribed on the State's first-class protection list is: Mink, sable, musk deer, moose (in local terms, "Sibuxiang")
[14]
Etc.; There are brown bear, lynx, otter, red deer and snow rabbit among which moose, red deer, roe deer, musk deer and wild boar have a large number. There are 56 species of mammals in 6 orders, 16 families in the Greater Khingan Mountains. Animal resources are very rich, many of the 56 known species are rare and precious animals, and 9 species have been listed as national key protected animals.
Greater Khingan Mountains in winter
Birds: The representative species of the Greater Khingan Mountains
Tetraonidae
Although the grouse family is also distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan, this area ranks first in both species and quantity in China. There are three main types:
Black-billed grouse
(Stick chicken),
Black grouse
(Black chicken),
Flower-tailed hazelnut
(Flying Dragon). They are not afraid of the cold and live in the Greater Khingan Mountains all year round. They live on the ground and often go to trees. Spring and summer to eat tree buds, leaves, insects, etc., autumn and winter to eat bright red blueberry fruit, larch shoots, birch and hazelnut inflorescence, buds, etc. At night, he burrowed in the snow. They nest on the ground, but their nests are well concealed, and they are typical winter migrants in this area.
Fauna: The fauna of the Greater Khingan Mountains occupies an important position in the zoogeographical division of China. According to the zoogeographical division of China, the Greater Khingan Mountains belong to the Palaearctic and northeast regions of the Greater Khingan Mountains subregion. From the perspective of ecological distribution, the mammals in Daxingan Mountains belong to the coniferous forest fauna in the cold temperate zone. The vast forest vegetation provides better shelter conditions, food resources and habitat for mammals than grassland, and less human interference, providing a large area of suitable habitat for large ungulates and forest rodents. Moose, red deer, roe deer, musk deer and wild boar are abundant. Due to the cold and dry climate of the region, there are few insect species and numbers, so there are not many insectivorous and chiroptera species.
Amphibians, reptiles
Animal resources
The Greater Khingan Mountains belong to the cold temperate climate, the winter is cold and long, the living conditions are relatively harsh, as the ectothermic animals, amphibians, reptiles distributed here are relatively few species, species are relatively cold, and have the ecological habit of hibernation. Due to the influence of alpine climate conditions, amphibians and reptiles in the Greater Hinggan Mountains have a single species and a small number. According to the survey, there are 14 species of amphibians and reptiles in 4 orders in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, the main common species
Rana amurensis
Viviparous lizard, intermediate Gloydius and so on.
The high and cold climate in the Greater Khingan Mountains has become the main distribution of amphibians and reptiles to the north
Limiting factor
. There are more than 30 species of hynobiidae in the world, 13 species in China, but only 1 species distributed to the area, that is, the polar north Salamander, it is the most hardy of the species, to the north can reach the Arctic Circle latitude 65°. There are 6 species of amphibians, 2 species of toad and 2 species of forest frog in this area.
Arshan City
Millions of years ago, the mountain building movement also formed a large number of fold and fracture zones. Surface water flows and accumulates in these areas, creating rich water systems in and around the Greater Khingan Mountains and rare wetland resources in China, making this mountain forest an indispensable natural reservoir in China. More than five winding rivers flow in the Greater Khingan Mountains. The Greater Khingan Mountains act as a barrier to the passage of the region's rivers into the sea, and they can only flow into lakes and rivers. The frozen snow and summer precipitation make these rivers appear in spring and summer, with obvious alternating phenomenon of abundance and decline. Part of the river extended beyond the mountains, creating the Heilongjiang River system, the Inner Mongolia River Area, and the Liaohe River system. The Nanweng River, Kuile River, Taoer River, Guiliu River and other water systems on the eastern slope all the way east, for the northeast plain to transport sufficient water; On the western slope, the Aoluguya, Moldaoga and Gen rivers feed into the Erguna and Hailaer River systems, nourishing the grasslands of the Hulunbuir Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau.
[20]
The Great Khingan Mountains have advantages
Amur River
,
Nenjiang River
The main water system, to
The Ilhuli Mountains
The watershed is the Heilongjiang river system in the north and the Nenjiang River system in the south. The main rivers are Dogu River, Erguna River, Huma River,
Tahe River
,
The Dobkul River
,
Gan River
There are 154 rivers with a drainage area of more than 50 square kilometers, and 28 rivers with a drainage area of more than 1,000 square kilometers. East of the Greater Khingan Mountains
Liao River
Water system, Songhua River and
Nenjiang River
The river system with its northwest headwaters and tributaries of the Amur River
watershed
Water injection on the western slope of the southern section of the mountain range
Mongolian plateau
.
[20]
The Greater Khingan Mountains region, the northernmost point of China, has long winters and short summers, especially in
Mohe County
,
Logou
In the zone, winter lasts for more than 7 months, while
Sunshine duration
It is very short, the summer is only about 2 months, but from June to August every year, the sunshine time is as long as 17 hours.
Moon Tianchi
The Greater Khingan Mountains region has a unique climate, a cold temperate continental monsoon climate, and is known as the "high-cold forbidden zone". The climate is humid and rainy in summer and winter. The temperature difference is large, the summer days are long and the nights are short, mainly during the summer solstice, and occasionally the northern lights appear. In winter, the nights are long and the days are short. The total annual solar radiation is 4500 million ears, the annual sunshine is 2600 hours, and the annual effective accumulated temperature is 2100 degrees Celsius. The average annual temperature is minus 4 degrees Celsius in Mohe County and northern Huzhong District, and minus 2 degrees Celsius in other areas. The annual average frost-free period is 80 to 110 days, and the extreme minimum temperature of 52.3 degrees Celsius occurred on February 13, 1969; The extreme maximum temperature of 37.0 ° C was recorded on June 29, 2010. The average annual rainfall is 460 mm, concentrated between July and September of the third season. Winter is controlled by Mongolia cold high pressure, mostly from the northwest wind at high latitude, cold and dry, precipitation accounts for 10% of the annual precipitation. In summer, it is controlled by the Pacific high pressure, and there are many southeast monsoons, which are humid and cool.
[17]
Great Khingan Mountains main tourism
Scenic spot
: Mohe, Rouge Valley, Stone Forest, Wudao Huoluo Island Film and Television Base, Fenglin Nature Reserve,
The Nierki Reservoir
,
Great Khinganling Resources Museum
,
Logou
Yingshan Hong Ski Resort, Aihui City, Dip River rafting, Dailing Animal and Plant Resources Museum, International Hunting Ground, Jinshantun Big Forest Adventure rafting, Dinosaur Museum, Forest Garden, Longgu Mountain, Taoyuan Lake
Oroqen ethnic customs
Heilongjiang Scenery, Shengshan Hunting Ground, Yaoquan Mountain,
Huzhong National Nature Reserve
, Peach Mountain International Hunting Ground,
Arctic Village
,
Gagdaqi North Mountain Park
Moldaoga National primitive Forest Park.
The unique soil organic matter and trace element content in the Greater Khingan Mountains region ranks first in China, is fertile and pollution-free, and gives birth to world-class high-quality grassland and black land
[20]
. The Greater Khingan Mountains is a permafrost zone located in the south of the permafrost zone.
Pangu River
To the west and to the west of the south east straight line of the river source is a large continuous permafrost zone, and the other is an island-like permafrost zone.
The main forest soil types in the Greater Hinggan Mountains of Inner Mongolia are:
Brown coniferous forest soil
Dark brown soil, grey black soil,
Meadow soil
Swamp soil.
[7]
After the mountains formed, nature continued to exert its forces. Hot lava and biting glaciers leave traces on the mountain, forming many beautiful natural landscapes. For hundreds of millions of years, frequent and complex crustal movements exerted their power near the ridge, forming the round and spectacular Normin River, Chai River, Alshan and Dalinor volcanoes from north to south. Beneath the volcanoes, magma has been stirring. Most of the volcanoes in the Greater Khingan Mountains are among the few active volcanoes in China. These volcanic groups with huge energy have shaped the most suitable volcanic remains for observation and appreciation in China. Among them, the Arshan volcano group, located in the middle of the Greater Khingan Mountains, takes the lead and is more famous in Asia for its large-scale volcanic remains. Lava is carved out of the dry posture of the lava landform, such as lava rope, lava dish, lava cave, lava valley, underground river and so on. Based on the stone, the wonderful scenery stands in great abundance, hence the name Shitang Forest. It is said that in "Journey to the West", Sun Wukong and the King mother fought and kicked down the ganoderma fairy grass and fairy toad, which fell in this piece of Cangshan stone forest.
[20]
In the Greater Khingan Mountains, some water bodies have not formed rivers, but they gather in the land, contributing extremely valuable wetland resources to the Greater Khingan Mountains and even China. Millions of years ago, with the rise of the Songliao watershed, the course of the Northeast water system began to change. Due to the obstruction of the diversion, the water system has formed a large number of wetlands in the mountains and plains. Of the 64 wetlands in China that have been included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance, about 10% are nourished by the Greater Khingan Mountains. These wetlands cover up to 8 percent of the land area of Northeast China, which is extremely rare in China. In addition, the Greater Khingan Mountains are located in a high-latitude area, and the high-cold climate makes this mountain forest breed a large area of frozen soil. The frozen soil wetland formed on this basis is a unique type of wetland in China and even a rare one in the world. Such rich water sources laid the foundation for the reproduction of life in the Greater Hinggan Mountains.
The Greater Khingan Mountains were once covered by thick Quaternary glaciers, with large areas of ice forming an ice sheet. The ice sheet moved slowly from the mountains to the plains in the east. Beneath the ice sheet, glacial meltwater flows forward carrying the rocks unloaded from the sides of the valley. The rocks constantly collide with the surrounding rock, forming pits, or mortar, in the low places. Located in the southeast margin of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Qingshan Rock Mound Scenic spot is the only global geopark in China with rock day and granite peak forest landforms as the main body, and has the largest and most types of rock mound group in the world. Located in the southeast margin of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Qingshan Rock Mound Scenic Area is the only global geopark in China with rock mound and granite peak forest landforms as the main body, with the largest scale and most types of rock mound group in the world.
[20]
Hundreds of millions of years ago, the mountain building movement caused the sea to meet the land, and then the sea water leaked east, the collision and collision between the plates to create the Greater Hinggan Mountains. The frequent movement of the earth has polished the originally steep face of the Greater Khingan Mountains into a low and gentle shape, shaping the outline of the northeast.
[20]
65 million years ago, the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate collided violently, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau rose. Helan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain and Greater Khingan Mountain run through the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The Yinshan Mountain range extends for 2,000 kilometers to the northeast, and the southwest foot of the Greater Hinggan Mountains is the Alshan Tianchi.
[15]
Hump Ridge Tianchi
In China, the dividing line of millimetre annual precipitation, the dividing line between semi-humid and semi-arid areas, and the dividing line between pastoral and farming areas all start from the Greater Khingan Mountains and wind south along the mountains. The average annual rainfall in the Inner Mongolia grasslands is less than 300 mm, while evaporation is more than 2,000 mm, and almost all of the water in the grasslands comes from rivers flowing from the Greater Khingan Mountains. In summer, warm, humid air from the Pacific Ocean travels north to the Greater Khingan Mountains, condensing rain as it climbs along the mountains, leaving the last of its moisture in the Northeast Plain to the east of the mountain, creating one of the most fertile farming regions in the world. In winter, cold air from Mongolia and Siberia moves southward, turning forest moisture into knee-deep snow as it crosses the Greater Khingan Mountains. As the starting point of the second and third echelons of the Chinese mountain range, the Greater Khingan Mountains have exhausted the power of the summer monsoon deep into the interior, dividing the seasonal and non-seasonal areas.
[20]
All rivers in the Greater Khingan Mountains pass through the valleys, with steep slopes and rapid flows, and abundant water. Except for the small rivers, which suffer from bottom-freezing in part of winter, the larger rivers run continuously all year round, with good vegetation and slight soil and water loss in the basins.
River sediment content
Low.
[10]
Due to its unique climatic conditions, there are about 1,800 rare wild plants in the Greater Khingan Mountains. The wild blueberries produced in the Greater Khingan Mountains (known locally as disimmon) are of world-class quality. Because of the rich resources of wild Chinese medicinal materials, the Greater Khingan Mountains is also known as the natural medicine library of China's cold temperate zone, rich in Astragalus, atractylodes, red peony, gentian and other more than 6 kinds of medicinal plants.
Bounded by the Taoer River, the Greater Hinggan Mountains are divided into two distinct north-south sections: the southern section is the middle temperate broad-leaved forest area of East Asia, and the northern section is the cold temperate coniferous forest zone of Eurasia. In China, only the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Altai Mountains have cold temperate coniferous forests, and the cold temperate coniferous forests in the Greater Khingan Mountains are the most complete and the largest. In addition, the mountain also separates two typical vegetation areas from the east and west. To the east is a mid-temperate summer green broad-leaved forest, and to the west is a steppe belt across Europe and Asia. The transition zone from the western foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains to Hulunbuir grassland has preserved the most complete and best forest and grass interzone in China. Under the influence of climate, this forest as the main body of the mountains and rivers has derived a diversified ecological environment, becoming one of the most important ecological barriers in China.
[20]
From east to west, under the influence of monsoon precipitation, the climate gradually changes from humid to arid, and the vegetation changes from forest to grassland and desert.
[20]
The key state-owned forest area of the Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia is one of the four major state-owned forest areas in China, covering nine areas of Hulunbuir City and Xingan League. The total area of the main ecological functional area of forestry is 106,700 square kilometers, accounting for 46% of the whole Greater Khingan Mountains. The forest area is 81,700 square kilometers, the total storage of living trees is 887 million cubic meters, and the forest storage is 747 million cubic meters, ranking first in the national state-owned forest area. As a key part of the northern forest belt of Eurasia, this forest area has complete forest, grassland and wetland three natural ecosystems, and is a national key carbon storage base. In terms of total forest volume, the forest area of living trees and natural forest area rank sixth in China by reference to the province. The annual forest growth is 12 million cubic meters, with a potential of 17 million cubic meters, which plays an important role in the Chinese government's fulfillment of the international commitment to address climate change by 2020, which is to increase forest stock by 1.3 billion cubic meters and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% to 45%.
[4]
Great Khingan Mountains abound
blueberry
(commonly known as Tusi, all persimmon), and are pure wild, is China's main
Wild blueberry
Producing area. Blueberry, which means blue
berry
Meaning. One is low shrub, short foot wild, small particles, but the content of anthocyanins is high; The second is a cultured blueberry that can grow up to 240 centimeters tall with larger fruits,
hydration
The content of anthocyanin is relatively low. worldwide
huckleberry
The genus can reach more than 400 species, mainly produced in the United States, also known as
American blueberry
China is mainly produced in
Changbai Mountain
And the large and small Xingan Mountains forest area especially the middle of the Greater Xingan Mountains.
[9]
There are more than 900 kinds of wild vascular plants in the Greater Khingan Mountains, about 60% of which are economic plants. There are 8 species of wild plants under state key protection, which are Manchuria manchuria, Kuantan Willow, Raccoon dog algae, foxtail algae of Ussuri, wild soybean, Tilia amurensis, northern black Trichosis and yellow spinuina. According to its use, it can be divided into: 342 kinds of medicinal plants, 49 kinds of tannin plants, 42 kinds of edible plants, 29 kinds of aromatic plants, 28 kinds of oil plants, 27 kinds of fiber plants. The development and utilization of the most is Tussi lingonberry (commonly known as "all persimmon", also known as "blueberry"), red bean lingonberry (commonly known as "red bean", "tooth knot"), all kinds of wild edible fungi (mushroom, monkey head, fungus) and so on.
[12]
The Great Khingan Mountains have beautiful scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter. "Wuhua Mountain" all over the mountains
bilberry
(Northern red bean),
persimmon
, hazelnut, thick plum,
Chinese lilac fruit
With a variety of valuable Chinese herbs.
In 2022, for the first time, the population distribution of the Kuyelin Rhodiola plant was discovered in the Greater Hinggan Mountains forest area of Heilongjiang Province.
[21]
During the Qing Dynasty, the annual output of gold in the Greater Hinggan Mountains was as high as 10,000 taels. The post for gold mining, along the left bank of the upper Heilongjiang River to the west to the Erguna River, paved the northern Golden Road. The Greater Khingan Mountains
Mineral resources
It is a national key metallogenic belt, and the two metallogenic belts of Delbugan and Daxing 'anling run through the whole region. It is one of the 19 national key metallogenic belts and 3 important prospecting targets, with 584 ore producing areas and 119 ore deposits. The Greater Khingan Mountains contribute precious metals, non-ferrous metals and coal to China. Gold is better known. Heilongjiang has been called "golden border" since ancient times.
[20]
Since 2014, the Great Khingan Mountains have been completely banned from logging, ending half a century of large-scale forestry development.
[20]
The large and small Xingan Mountains forest areas in Heilongjiang: the area of national protected areas increased by 11,400 square kilometers, and the area of national protected areas reached 21,800 square kilometers; Twenty-two provincial-level nature reserves were built, with an additional 10,300 square kilometers of protected area. By 2020, the total number of national, provincial and regional nature reserves will reach 62, including 23 at national level and 39 at provincial level. The reserve covers a total area of 39,300 square kilometers, accounting for 18 percent of the Xingan Mountains forest area in Heilongjiang.
Inner Mongolia Greater Hinggan Mountains Forest area: By 2020, there will be 20 national nature reserves and 8 autonomous region (ministry) levels. The total area of the protected area is 21,000 square kilometers, accounting for 11% of the Greater Hinggan Mountains forest area in Inner Mongolia.
[19]
summarize
In 2018, the Greater Khingan Mountains region invested a total of 203 million yuan in tourism construction funds, built and expanded 42 tourist toilets, 51 guide maps, 530 sign plates, and newly repaired and maintained 467.2 kilometers of tourist roads. The top professional team in China has been hired to promote the preparation of the "Special Plan for self-driving destinations in the Greater Hinggan Mountains" covering comprehensive supporting facilities such as tourism service stations, tourist toilets, rest nodes, and self-driving RV camps. Launched the north to explore the source tour, extreme cold challenge tour, wetland sightseeing tour and other ten boutique routes. Planning the "Polar Ice and Snow Season" with the theme of "Snow and Ice in the Arctic · Cold Feeling of Happiness" invited from 53 degrees North latitude, launching six temptations such as "extreme cold challenge, snow and ice carnival, celestial wonders, snow and ice feast, polar blessing and love journey". As well as "playing the Arctic Christmas village, through the snow and ice forest, punch the card love town, Evoking the Jijiang style, looking for gold ancient stations and reproducing red memories" and other six winter tourism classic routes ", while launching the winter play Xingan ten games.
The counterpart cooperation between the Greater Hinggan Mountains and Jieyang City promoted the implementation of the cooperation strategy of "trendy people going North, North goods going south", the tourism departments of the two places signed the Strategic cooperation Agreement, promoted the Jieyang to Mohe or Jiagdaqi route, held the Jieyang promotion conference and the Chaoshan region tourism promotion conference, and the media of the two places broadcast tourism promotional videos and tourism products. The education departments of the two places have reached an intention to send students to each other on study Tours. The Tourism Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreements were signed with Hulunbuir City, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Hangzhou and other places in Inner Mongolia. With Zhejiang Tourism Group, Shenzhen Tengbang Group, Zhonglin Group and other large cultural tourism enterprises to form cooperation intention, Tengbang Xinxin Tourism and Mohe City cooperation development of e-commerce platform, "Arctic Road" and other projects, and co-founded the "best tourism" brand. Mohe City and Inner Mongolia World Grassland Culture Company reached a cooperation intention. At the same time, the provincial cooperation has been strengthened, and the brother cities have jointly launched the Arctic East Pole border tour and the ancient Golden Road exploration tour, and the next step will be substantive and comprehensive cooperation.
[18]
Characteristic landscape
Arctic village Shenzhou Arctic stone
Mohe: Also known as the Mo River, it is said to be named because the water is as black as ink. Mohe is located in the northernmost part of China, belonging to the Greater Khingan Mountains region of Heilongjiang Province, bordering Tahe River to the east and Inner Mongolia to the southwest
Erguna
Left and right two flags, north to the center line of the Heilongjiang main waterway, with Russia's Amur region,
Chita Prefecture
Across the river. Due to its unique geographical location, rich resources and strange sky, it is called "the shining pearl on the golden rooster's crown".
Shenzhou North Pole
: Mohe County, Heilongjiang Province,
Fuyuan county
With Kashgar City, Xinjiang,
Hainan Province
Sanya City is an administrative region of China's four poles, east, west, north and south, and is called China's "four poles".
Mohe county Beiji village
It is the northernmost village in China, and visitors come to the north all year round, poets and writers
Chen Yunhe
More for writing here. There are "the northernmost family","
Northern Sentinel
", "Arctic sandbank", "Arctic Forest sea Guanyin" and many other northernmost features of the landscape.
Aurora borealis and polar night: The Aurora borealis phenomenon is caused by massive electrical discharges in the atmosphere caused by charged particles emitted by the sun. The aurora changes instantaneously, generally can be divided into arc aurora, ribbon laser, sheet aurora, radial aurora and so on. Only in the world
Finland
A few high-latitude countries and regions such as Alaska can observe the Northern Lights. The Arctic Village in Mohe County is the only place in China where you can enjoy the Northern lights and the phenomenon of polar day and polar night.
The mountain Red Ski Resort
: Located in Gagdach
Guangming community
3.9 kilometers south. The annual snow accumulation period here is more than 180 days, from late October every year to early May the next year can carry out skiing tourism activities, is the highest latitude in China, the longest snow period, distance
Central city
The nearest ski resort. Yingshanhong Ski Resort covers an area of 0.16 square kilometers, the peak elevation of 581.252 meters, vertical drop of nearly 200 meters, there are primary, middle and advanced ski trails and snow circle recreation trails,
Veneer park
There are six roads in total, with a total length of more than 5,500 meters. Some ski teams are training here for the National Games and the Winter Games.
Wu Palao Island
: Located 413 kilometers upstream of Heilongjiang, on the Chinese side of the main waterway of Heilongjiang, under Huma County
Sanhe village
Govern. It consists of three oval sand islands that are isolated from each other, and are connected to one another during low water season, covering an area of about 1.55 square kilometers. Due to Sanhe village resident Wu connected, nicknamed Wu Laoba, the family of five lived on the island and cultivated land. Wubalao Island has always belonged to the territory of China. During the tense period between China and Soviet Union, there was a relatively famous "Wubalao Island" incident. At present, Wubarao Island is determined to be Chinese territory after the Sino-Russian border, and the villagers of Sanhe are still farming and living on the island.
Qingshan rock mortar scenic spot
Located in the southeast of Keqi about 25 kilometers, it is located in the southeast edge of the Greater Khingan Mountains, rolling 20 kilometers, 1574 meters above sea level, Qingshan Mountain protection area of about 92 square kilometers, by Qingshan rock and stone mound scenic spot and Guandongche granite peak forest. Here is the world's largest, best developed, most types of rock mortar group, on the south side of the peak of the castle peak on the gentle rolling granite face, there are hundreds of rock mortar in the scope of 1000 square meters, rock mortar group on both sides of the outer cliffs. Geologists believe that Qingshan granite stone mortar is a rare natural heritage in the world, and is the result of Quaternary glacial movement. It is one of the historical witnesses of the changes of paleoclimate, paleenvironment, palegeomorphology and ancient human beings, and it is also a world geopark with rock mortar and granite peak forest landform as the main body.
Remains of historical sites
Gaxian Cave stone chamber
"Gaxian Cave" is the birthplace of the ancient Xianbei people, and Gaxian is the meaning of "fairy of hunters" in Oroqen language. "Xianbei Stone Room" the Caxian cave is Tuoba Xianbei
Ancestral temple
Where it is. Gaxian Cave is a natural cave, the entrance is about 25 meters above the level of the cliff, an area of about 2,000 square meters, the highest point of more than 20 meters. There is an upward sloping cave to the northwest, with a slope of about 20°. A natural stone slab about 3 meters square is placed in the middle of the main hole, and thicker moss is deposited underground. On the western wall of the cave is Taiping Zhenjun of Northern Wei Dynasty
Tuoba Tao
The inscription of the time when Li Chang, a servant of Zhongshu, was sent to worship the ancestors. Beaten stone tools have been found in layers of yellow clay 1.3 meters below the surface, suggesting the existence of earlier cultural remains.
Jacsa
Ancient battlefield site: Yaksa Ancient battlefield is located in Mohe. Qing Shunzhi seventh year (1650) in September, the Chinese territory of Mohe Yaksa
Tsarist Russia
The invading army forcibly occupied and built a large number of fortifications, named Albazino. In the twenty-third year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1684), Yaksa has become a military base for Tsarist Russia's invasion of China. In order to stabilize the border and reclaim the territory, the Qing government began in the 24th year of Kangxi (1685)
The Battle of Yakusa
. The Kangxi Emperor took advantage of
Put down San Francisco
When Taiwan was reunified, it fought back against the Tsarist Russian aggressors and won victory in one fell swoop. As of 2011, the fort and castle of that time can still be seen on the site of the ancient battlefield of Jacsa.
Lee Jinyong Ancestral Hall
: Located in Mohe Jingou Forest farm. Patriotic celebrities in Qing Dynasty
Ri Jinyong
Qing Guangxu fourteen years Fengchao purport deep Mohe mining and cultivation. In 2007, Mohe County invested more than 6.5 million yuan to rebuild and expand the original site. The main hall of the ancestral hall displays the statue of Li Jinyong, the memorial of the Lao Gou Gold mine affairs of the Qing government and some physical texts. The east wing is the staff hall, which displays relief paintings of more than 90 staff members who helped Ri Jin Yong establish and manage the gold mine. The West wing room is the Merit Hall, displaying more than 2,000 unearthed gold mining tools and more than 20 pictures.
Rouge groove
Located in Mohe County West Lingji town, also known as Lao Jin Ditch. It is 14 km long, a tributary of the Emur River, and is famous for its gold.
Tourism honor
In 2014, the Greater Khingan Mountains region has been awarded the titles of "China's Low-carbon Tourism Demonstration Zone", "China's Three Major Low-carbon Tourism Scenic Spots", "China's Best Eco-Tourism Destination", "China's Ten Most Beautiful Forests", "China's Ten Ice and Snow Tourism Resorts" and "China's 20 Most desirable Places".
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In 2015, the Khanma Nature Reserve in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains was designated by UNESCO as a World Biosphere Reserve.
[20]
In April 2020, the Greater Khingan Mountains was selected as the "2020 World Summer Mountain List".
[11]
The Greater Khingan Mountains, known as Daxianbei Mountain in ancient times, is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. In the Paleolithic Age, there have been human beings here to thrive. From the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the two Jin Dynasties, it was under the jurisdiction of Tuoba Section of Xianbei. In 1695, Emperor Kangxi issued a decree to open a post road from Nenjiang to Mohe, setting up 33 post stations along the way. In the late Qing Dynasty, the gold mining industry rose in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, with an annual output of up to 100,000 taels of gold, and the ancient post Road was named "Gold Road". During the period of the Republic of China, the Greater Hinggan Mountains was successively under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province, Heihe, Hulunbuir and other local governments. During the Anti-Japanese War, the old generation of revolutionaries such as Chen Lei, the former governor of New China's Heilongjiang Province, led the anti-Japanese United Forces and the Japanese invaders to fight in the deep forest. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the people's government was established in 1947. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Great Khingan Mountains were developed and constructed three times, from 1955 to 1956, from 1958 to 1959, and from 1964. In 1964, the Party Central Committee and The State Council decided to develop the Greater Khinganling forest area in the way of battle, and in 1965, the Ministry of Forestry and the State Economic Commission approved the establishment of the Greater Khinganling Forestry Administration, and the forestry administration and the Special Zone people's Committee implemented the integration of government and enterprise. In April 2020, Daxinganling Forestry was listed and established, ending the 56-year history of the integration of government and enterprise in the forest area.
[3]
Highway: National highway Yakeshi to Hailaer section, Xinlin North to Zhalantun section, Mobei expressway completed and opened to traffic; National Highway 111 double line Jiagdaqi to Nenjiang section, other trunk roads Heihe-Jiagdaqi - Gen He-Hailaer section, Jiagdaqi - Mohe section.
[3]
[19]
Halaha River in the Greater Khingan Mountains
The Greater Khingan Mountains are China's green lungs. With less than 3% of China's land area, this forest shoulders one-third of China's carbon sink, and is the ballast stone to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The collision and fusion of nomadic culture and farming culture on both sides created the legends of the Northern Wei, Liao, Jin, Qing and other dynasties, writing half of the history of China.
[20]
In 2010, the forest area of the Greater Khingan Mountains increased by 17,000 square kilometers over 2009, the forest coverage rate increased by 4 percentage points, and the forest stock increased by 400 million cubic meters, accounting for more than 30 percent of the country's new forest stock.
[19]
The Greater Khingan Mountains took the initiative to reduce the production of live trees, reducing a total of 18.3688 million cubic meters in the first phase of Tianshou, and reducing the operational consumption of forest resources by 30.582 million cubic meters. In accordance with the requirements of the second phase of the Tianbao project, the production of wood began to reduce in 2011, and the wood production was reduced to 565,000 cubic meters in three years. On April 1, 2014, the commercial logging of natural forests in the Great Khingan Mountains region of Heilongjiang Province was completely stopped.
[3]
From April 1, 2015, commercial logging of natural forests in Inner Mongolia's Greater Khingan Mountains, known as the "Green Great Wall of Northern Xinjiang," will be completely stopped.
[4]
After the cessation of logging, a total of 11.429 million mu of young forest was managed, 1.203 million mu of supplementary planting, and 139,000 mu of artificial afforestation was completed. The forest coverage rate, forest area and total storage of living trees in the region increased for nine consecutive years, and there were no major forest fires in eight years. 35 nature reserves of various types and at various levels have been established, with a total area of 26,005 square kilometers, accounting for 31.2 percent of the total area of the region.
[3]
"Xing 'an" in the Greater Hinggan Mountains is Manchu, meaning "extremely cold place", because of the cold climate, so there is this name; The "ling" of the Greater Khingan Mountains is the Manchu language "Alin", which means mountain.
In the Greater Khingan Mountains, the hidden geographical location and complex ecological environment gave birth to a long ancient civilization, as well as the farming culture and nomadic culture that wrote the history of China. The cradle of ancient civilization and the dividing line between two cultures The Greater Khingan Mountains is one of the most underrated sources of civilization. Located in the northeast of the Greater Khingan Mountains, although gave birth to the important northern ethnic groups in Chinese history. As early as the Paleolithic Age more than 10,000 years ago, the ancient ethnic groups in the northeast thrived here. From 5000 to 7000 years ago, the advanced microstone culture was born here. The paleolithic excavated at Huma 18 stations in the north of the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Laotanghe Site in Tahe, as well as the microstone excavated at the Hake Site burial complex in the middle of the country, still retain the glorious mark of the civilization of that time. The 44 rock paintings hidden in the Greater Khingan Mountains (29 in Heilongjiang and 15 in Inner Mongolia, with up to 3,000 single rock paintings) are connected with the derivative threads of the ancient ethnic groups in the Northeast.
The ancient civilization bred in the primitive forest has inspired all kinds of magnificent imagination. The Greater Khingan Mountains is not only the place where the dragon vein and treasure of the Qing Dynasty are located in The Deer and the Tripod, but also the entrance to the dark Cave in the Ghost Blowing the Lamp, and even the connection with science fiction, becoming the base of the Red Bank in the Three-Body Problem to search for alien civilization. In addition to breeding and spreading ancient civilization, as the starting point of the boundary between nature and humanity, the Greater Hinggan Mountains also played the role of the "Great Wall". Due to its excellent location and steep terrain, the Greater Khingan Mountains were once a strategic fortress. Mr. Wang Luolin, a well-known economist, once said: "The Ming Dynasty died in the northeast, the Qing Dynasty fell in the northeast, and the Republic of China lost in the northeast." Occupy the northeast, the People's Republic of China was established." The Greater Khingan Mountains is an indispensable territory of China. In addition, the legend of the Greater Khingan Mountains lies in: the Tuoba Xianbei who unified northern China, the Khitan who established the Great Liao State, the Jin who destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, the Genghis Khan who conquered Eurasia and the Jurchen who established the Great Qing Empire, all originate here; The Ewenki, Oroqen and Daur ethnic groups remaining in the Greater Khingan Mountains also created a unique forest culture. However, the emergence of the Xiongnu, Turkic and other ethnic minorities from the northwest or due north was difficult to reach. This is because the rise of the Greater Khingan Mountains gave birth to Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain and Horqin Grassland on the east side of the mountains; To the west, the Hulunbuir Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau were created. The contrast and complementarity between the plain and the plateau, coupled with the change of climate, not only created the fertile soil suitable for biological reproduction in the Northeast, but also shaped the collision and integration of nomadic civilization and farming civilization. The landscape and water sources allow the people living here to nomadic, fishing and hunting, as well as farming. However, the Huns and Turks lacked experience in farming and could only develop westward into the Eurasian steppes. Because of this, the Great Khingan Mountains and rivers have become the land of Wolong where countless legends are written. The splendor of the Northern Wei Dynasty has been turned into historical books and relics, and the Ewenki people who galloped in the forests for generations have also put down their hunting guns.
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The Greater Khingan Mountains has participated in 31 national and provincial related exhibitions such as Strait Tourism Expo, China Heilongjiang International EcoTourism Summit, and 2018 China International Tourism Fair. Eight special promotion meetings were held in Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Jieyang and other places. The "Ice and Snow North Pole · Cold Feeling Xing 'an" Chinese famous Xing 'an Walk activity was carried out, and the activity showed a noisy trend in the major tourism self-media platforms across the network, among which the Weibo topic of "Chinese new media name Boda Xing 'an Mountain Tour" reached 46.438 million views, and the Tiktok topic of "Ice and Snow North Pole · Cold Feeling Xing 'an" exceeded 10.83 million views. Network celebrity training courses were held, and the number of trained people reached 900, and the number of self-media fans such as Douyin and Kuaishou in the region exceeded 2,000. Carry out the winter tourism network marketing, in Sohu, Sina, Tencent, NetEase, People's Daily website, Phoenix network and other relevant portal network media and local network media to promote the winter tourism in the Greater Hinggan Mountains region. The production of VR video of winter tourism in the whole region, "Shenzhou Arctic · Great beauty Xing 'an" tourism brand, the annual effective cumulative service data exceeded 1.348 billion people.
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Fire in the Greater Khingan Mountains
