Huashan Mountain, known in ancient times as" Western mountain ", elegant name" Taihua Mountain ", for The five Mountains One, located in Shaanxi Province Weinan City Huayin City, in the provincial capital Xi 'an 120 kilometers east. A surname Qinling Mountains The mountain range, overlooking Huangwei in the north, has been the saying of "the first mountain in the world" since ancient times. ^[1-3]

The "Hua" of China originates from Huashan Mountain, thus Huashan Mountain is called "the root of China" ^[3-4] . Huashan Mountain is China Taoism mainstream Quanzhen school The holy land, called the "Fourth Cave Sky", is also widely worshipped by the Chinese people deity That is, the western mountain Huashan Jun God. A total of 72 semi-hanging voids, more than 20 Taoist temples, of which Yuquanwon , Durong Temple , A surname , Zhenyue Palace Listed as a national priority Taoism Palace view, yes Chen Tuan , Hao Datong He Yuanxi and other Taoist masters.

1982, Huashan quilt The State Council Promulgate the first batch National scenic spot . In 2004, Huashan was named Ten famous mountains in China . In 2011, Huashan was rated by the National Tourism Administration National AAAAA tourist attraction . ^[5-6]

Chinese name: Huashan Mountain
Foreign name: Mount Hua
alias: Western mountain , A surname , Taihua Mountain
Subordinate mountain system: Qinling Mountains Mountain system
Geographical position: Weinan City, Shaanxi Province Huayin City South section of Yuquan Road
Go to: Nw direction
length: 15 kilometers from east to west
breadth: It's 10 kilometers wide from north to south
Initial point: Huang Wei
Terminal point: Qinling Mountains
Principal peak: Nambong
Sea bulldog: 2154.9m

Floor space: 148 km²
honour: The root of China, the first danger under heaven, too
Scenic spot level: Class AAAAA
Opening hours: Open all day round the year; Huashan West Peak (West line) cableway entry time: 8:30-16:00, Huashan Gate hiking walk open all day ^[7]
Ticket price: Peak season: 160 yuan/person Off-season: 100 yuan/person ^[8]
Famous scenic spot: Xiyue Temple, Yuquan Courtyard, dragon Temple, East Temple, Zhenyue Palace
Suggested play time: 6-8 hours
Good season for play: Suitable for spring, summer and autumn
Home country: China
Home city: Huayin, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province
Enquiry telephone: 400-0913-777 ^[44]

catalogue

▪Jeonzhenam
▪Hall of True Martial Arts
6Development and construction
7anecdote
▪Play the flute to attract the phoenix
▪The princess is in seclude
▪White Dragon Pool, White Dragon Waterfall
▪Unrooted tree
▪Thunder God Cave
▪Shilin
▪cypress
▪Five Dragon Pools
▪Bad at chess
▪A great spirit splits mountains

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Geographical position

Huashan Mountain is located in Shaanxi Province Huayin City Within the territory, it is between 109°57 '-110 °05' east longitude and 34°25 '-34 °00' north latitude. It is 15 kilometers long from east to west and 10 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of about 148 square kilometers. West from Shaanxi Province Xi 'an 120 kilometers. ^[47]

Huashan Mountain

Geological landform

Huashan Mountain (6 photos)

Huashan mountain range is plutonic intrusion granite Solid boulders topped with coarse grains (diameter 5 mm) Porphyritic granite ; In the middle are medium-grained (diameter 2-5 mm) granitic fluviolite and gneiss granite. For geological scientists radioisotope Determination, Huashan granite formation period about 121 million years ago, Huashan mountain area Earth's crust Activity occurs, in receiving extrusion , fold and rupture In the process, magma It began to invade the surface crust along the cracks, cooling and condensing rocks at a depth of 3-6 km.

from Cenozoic Yanshanian Stage About 70 million years ago, the crust of the Huashan Mountain range continued to rise, while the Weihe area conversely sank downward. This kind of internal dynamic crustal action, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, intermittency, shows that there are many flat triangular or trapezoidal planes on the east and west lines, forming a large fault at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. These roughly parallel east-west faults cut the mountain into several long fault blocks. When the fault blocks rise and fall from each other, most of them are ridge and valley alternating topography. At the same time, there are also many oblique east-west fault So that the original long fault block is cut into multiple segments. Each section occurs before and after the dislocation, forming a complex movement. Combined with the mutual influence of various external forces such as rain, sunlight, freezing, and running water, the granite is directly exposed to the space.

The Huashan granite has many obvious joints and faults that run 20 degrees north to the west. Others run north-south, north 30 degrees west, North 10 degrees east, and North 50 degrees east. In addition, there are nearly horizontal size and vertical faults and joints, dividing the complete granite into large and small rocks, in the cutting activity of the vertical and vertical rivers, weathering and denudation to form a steep mountain and a large number of strange rocks.

East, west, south three peaks are tripod shape interdependent, Huashan main peak. The middle peak and the north peak complement each other, and the surrounding small peaks stand by themselves, like the petals of the green lotus layer upon layer, forming the special charm of Huashan tall and tall. ^[47]

Climatic characteristics

Huashan clouds and fog

Huashan far away ocean It is between 30° and 60° north latitude of the westerlies, and the continental degree is 53°7 ', belonging to the warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Because the mountain is straight and steep, the vertical temperature gradient (or temperature lapse rate) of the foothills and mountain peaks: the northern foothills from the county seat to the summit, every 100 meters of elevation, a reduction of 0.44 ° C, the southern foothills to Luonan calculation, every 100 meters of elevation, a reduction of 0.5 ° C.

Air temperature

Air temperature
district	Altitude (m)	Average annual temperature (° C)	Hottest average monthly temperature (℃)	Average temperature of coldest month (℃)	Annual rainfall (mm)	Frost-free period (days)	Average daily temperature ≥5℃	Average daily temperature ≥10℃	Annual accumulated temperature (℃)
Low mountainous area	Below 1000	9-14	24 to 28	-	600	180-240.	210-270.	150-220.	3200-4500.
Alpine region	More than 1000	Smaller than 8	-2.5--10	- 40	800-900.	120-150.	150-180.	120-150.	1600-3200.

precipitation

precipitation
district	Altitude (m)	Annual precipitation (mm)
Low mountainous area	Below 1000	600
Alpine region	More than 1000	800-900.
Beilu (Huayin Station)	-	600
Southern foothill (Luonan)	-	725
Peak (Huashan Station)	-	925

cloud

Huashan has obvious cloudiness regularity . Summer has the most clouds during the day, clouds usually thicken with height, updrafts. The highest peak at noon, the least cloud occurs in the morning, winter is the opposite, the least cloud appears around noon. It has the most clouds in summer and the least clouds in winter.

The wind

The structure varies with height and terrain. The wind speed increases the fastest at a layer of 30-50 meters above the surface, and the wind speed increases slowly at a height of 250-300 meters. Air turbulence decreases with height. The valley wind speed is usually 2-4 m/s. The wind direction is generally up the mountain during the day and down the mountain at night. The valley winds are short in duration in autumn, and the circulation is almost stationary in winter. ^[48]

Biological resources

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EDITOR

plant

Sunrise on Huashan Mountain

The vegetation area of Huashan Mountain range is about 1.3 million mu, and its vegetation characteristics are "coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest area". There are nearly 80 families, more than 100 genera and 200 species of plants in Huashan. Among them, there are more than 30 families, more than 40 genera and more than 60 species of seed plants. ferns More than 20 genera of plants, nearly 50 species, more than 20 families of lichen plants, more than 40 genera, nearly 70 species. Needle leaf Mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest, mainly pine oak forest, distributed in the mountains above 800 meters, its species to Chinese pine , Pinus huashanensis , Whitebark pine , Cork oak , Sharp white oak , Liaodong oak , aspen Equity-based. The lower part of the pine oak belt is Cork oak Mainly broad-leaved forest, small amount Chinese chestnut , Melt incense , quercus Let's wait. Huashan pine forest, Chinese pine forest, cork oak forest, white bark pine forest, plantation forest, horsetail pine forest are the main vegetation types in Huashan area.

In addition, below 800 meters above sea level is mostly agricultural cultivation belt, there is little natural vegetation, most cultivated plants scattered on both sides of the river or near the village, such as poplars, willows, elms, locust trees, ailanthus, Chinese toon and so on. The foothill areas have patches or scattered sides of Berlin.

Huashan timber forest is mainly Pinus huashanensis , Chinese pine , Cork oak , Liaodong oak , Sharp white oak , Oriental white oak , basswood , aspen Let's wait. Economic forest Arrow bamboo , Bitter bamboo , bamboo Apricot, persimmon, apple, walnut, mulberry and so on. ^[48]

Medicinal materials

Huashan traditional Chinese medicine has Atractylodes rhizome , calamus , Polygala polygala , Schisandra chinensis , Adenophora adenophora Asarum, yam, forsythia, Bupleurum, wormwood , Gastrodia elata More than 300 species, such as Guanzhong, Poria, blood Lingzi, Shengdi, honeysuckle, Codonopsis, platycodon, yellow essence, etc. Shen Kuo in" Dream stream pen talk "Said:" Huashan asarum, very fine and straight, chewing habits such as pepper." Medicinal herbs such as calamus huashan have been listed in the" Compendium of Materia Medica In "," Medicinal records of Huashan There is a detailed account of this. ^[48]

zoon

Huashan vertebrate Up to 204 species, 1500 species of insects. Golden eagle , The leopard , Black stork There are 3 species of first-class protected animals in Huashan, and 20 species of second-class protected animals.

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

The name Huashan first appeared in the book The Classic of Mountains and Rivers "And" Yugon In ", that is Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period It has the name "Huashan".

" Water channel Wei Shui notes: "Its height of five thousand yards, cut into a square, far and look at it, and if flower shape." Ancient "flower", "Hua" common, so "Huashan" is "flower mountain". " A white tiger knows justice "The West for Huashan, Shaoyin use, all things Sheng Hua, so said Huashan."

Huashan Mountain is called" Western mountain and Dongyue Mount Taishan It was first seen in the book Erya Shi Shan. The name "West Mountain" is said to be because King Ping moved east and Huashan is in the west of the Kingdom of Eastern Zhou, so it is called "West Mountain". Western mountain ". Qin Empire Found a capital Xianyang , The Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.) Imperial capital Chang 'an All are in the west of Huashan Mountain, so Huashan Mountain is no longer called" Western mountain ". Until the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huashan was restored again." Western mountain Said, and used today.

Huashan Mountain (22 photos)

Huashan Mountain is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which together with the Yellow River gave birth to the Chinese nation. According to the research and research of experts and scholars, the ancient Chinese civilization mainly gathered in a radius of 500 kilometers with Huashan Mountain as the center. ^[3-4]

" The Book of History · Yu Gong Article describes Huashan as "Xuanyuan Huangdi will be a group of immortals", and later generations speculated that it should be the Huangdi in this tribal chiefs alliance. Since then, Huashan's reputation has grown. " The Book of History "," A lesson learned through capital Such books are recorded as "Tang Yao four Tours of the West Yue", "Shun three Tours of the West Yue". " Canon of Shun It says: ( Emperor Shun August West hunt, as for the western mountain.

Because Huashan was too dangerous, few people visited it before the Tang Dynasty. Kings of all dynasties held ceremonies in Xiyue Temple at the foot of the mountain. According to the Book of Shang, Huashan is "the place where the Emperor will group of immortals." " Shih Chi The Yellow Emperor and Yu Shun had traveled to Huashan. According to records, King Zhao of Qin ordered craftsmen to use hooks and take a ladder to climb Huashan Mountain.

First Emperor of Qin The first sacrifice Huashan, since the Han and Tang Dynasties, the title has increased and intensified Xiyue Temple predecessor House of Gathering Souls ; han Gennobu Two years (first 11 years), Emperor Cheng of Han Travel Hedong, involved in the west mountain and return.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties At that time, there was no road leading to the summit of Mount Hua. Until the Tang Dynasty, with the prosperity of Taoism, Daoists began to live in the mountains and gradually dug a dangerous road along the valley on the north slope, forming the "Ancient Huashan Road".

Emperor Gaozu of Tang In the second year of Wude (619), Emperor Gaozu hunted in Huashan Mountain. Is the year, Tang Gaozu sent Li Shimin The Eastern Expedition to the sacrificial Mountain ^[9] ; In the first year of the Upper Yuan Dynasty (674), Emperor Gaozong of Tang More hunted in the lower Quwuyuan of Huashan Mountain; Especially among them Emperor Xuanzong of Tang With Huashan Mountain as the foundation of life, the god of Huashan Shaohao as the king of gold. Tianbao nine years (750), ministers please play zen Xiyue, Emperor Xuanzong ordered people to dig Huashan Road, set up altar field.

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and the Taoist priest of Huashan Mountain Chen Tuan Close exchanges, rule the world with the way.

Emperor Taizu of Ming Zhu Yuanzhang sleepwalk west mountain, set Huashan name.

In the Qing Dynasty, sacrifices continued from Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong to Guangxu.

Because Huashan Mountain is located in the most central part of China's territory, it is also called "Zhonghua Mountain". The ethnic groups around Zhonghua Mountain are also called "Zhonghua Mountain ethnic Group". This work was first Sun Yat-sen Cited, created" Republic of China ". after Yang Du Questioning the perception of "China" and "China," Zhang Taiyan In the 15th edition of the Minbo, the famous article" Republic of China ", refuting Yang Du's views, and on Sun Yat-sen The title of "Republic of China" is explained and analyzed. Zhang Taiyan quoted classics, widely quoted, found a lot of direct and indirect materials from historical documents, and pointed out that only the title of "Republic of China" is the best and most appropriate title, is the best choice. Seeking cultural and traditional support for the new state to demonstrate its legitimacy and legitimacy ^[3] ^[10] . The 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), Lu Xun write About Mr. Taiyan two or three things The article once said: "As for today, only our 'Republic of China' is called, still originated from Mr. Zhang Taiyan's 'Chinese National Liberation', which is a huge memorial."

Major peak

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EDITOR

North Peak

North Peak It is 1614 meters above sea level and is called Huashan Mountain Principal peak One of them is named because of its location in the north. The north peak hangs on all sides, the crown Jingyun, the bottom line, majestic, if Yuntai, so also known Untaebong . The tang dynasty Li Bai " West Yue Yuntai song send Dan qiu son The poem once wrote: "Three peaks stand as if to destroy, Cui cliff Dan valley high palm open." The White Emperor's gold essence is vital, and the stone is the lotus flower and the cloud is the platform."

North Peak

The north of the peak is Baiyun Peak, the east is near the quantity of palm Mountain, on the east and west south three peaks, under the gully building Gorge dangerous road, the peak head is composed of several groups of boulders splicing, natural. There is a platform at the top, the original built against the cloud pavilion, now left ruins, is a good place to look at the three peaks of Huashan Mountain and Canglongling. Peak waist trees lush, full of beauty, is the ideal rest place on the way to climb the peak of Huashan Mountain, opened in 1996 on the cable car station, that is, on the eastern wall of the peak.

The peak landscape is quite many, such as the influence of Zhenwu Hall, Jiaogong stone room, Changchun stone room, jade female window, fairy oil tributes, Shentu cliff, against the cloud pavilion, Laojun hanging plow, iron cow platform, Baiyun Fairland stone arch, etc., and the scenic spots are accompanied by beautiful Myth and legend .

Thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), on the eve of Huayin's liberation, the Kuomintang Shaanxi Province eighth administrative inspector District commissioner and Shaanxi security sixth brigade commander Han Zipei Led the remnants of more than 100 people to escape to Huashan Mountain, in an attempt to rely on the extreme danger of the last struggle. Chinese People's Liberation Army With the help of Huayin masses, break the legend of "Huashan ancient road" from Huang Fuyu Climbing the north peak, attacking the bandits by surprise, creating the miracle of the God soldier flying through the natural gap and the hero taking Huashan. A hundred meters in front of the hall of true martial art, there is a hexagonal accumulation of top cornice brackets Huashan granite round carved stone pavilion, and there is a monument to the liberation of Huashan in the pavilion. Since then, Beifeng has become a scene and classroom for patriotic education and revolutionary traditional education to young people. ^[11]

Xifeng

Xifeng At an altitude of 2082.6 meters, it is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain and gets its name because of its location in the west. And because the peak of the boulder shape like lotus petals, ancient literati called it lotus peak, Furong peak. Yuan Hongdao In his "Huashan" description: "stone leaf overlying and transverse cracks"; Xu Xiake "Tour Taihua Mountain Diary" also describes: "The peak of the stone rises, there are stone flakes covered on it, such as lotus." Li Bai In the poem, there is a sentence of "stone as a lotus flower and cloud as a platform", which should also refer to this stone.

The west peak is a complete boulder, natural. Northwest cliff thousands of Zhangs, like a knife cutting saw cut, its steep towering, masculine tall and straight is the representative of Huashan mountain shape, so the ancients often called Huashan Lotus Mountain.

Climb to the west peak to look far, the surrounding mountains undulation, Yunxia four, Zhouye screen open, Huangwei winding, if into Xianxiang God, ten thousand common thoughts, swept away. Hermit of Song Dynasty Chen Tuan In his poem "Xifeng", there is a famous sentence of "sending words and Jia Dun guest, here is Xianxiang".

Xifeng south cliff ridge connected with the south peak, ridge length of more than 300 meters, stone color Cangdai, like a shrunking dragon shape, people called Qu Ling, also known as the small Canglong ridge, is one of the famous dangerous roads in Huashan.

West peak on the landscape abound, there Cuiyun Palace Lotus cave, giant spirit foot, axe stone, sacrifice cliff, etc., and accompanied by many beautiful myths and legends, especially the story of wood splitting the mountain to save the mother is the most widely spread. On the peak of the cliff engravings all over, the work grass scribe, dazzling eyes. Peak north peak is called the west stone floor peak, the peak Yanggong tower for Yang Hucheng Built by the general, the tower has the autograph of General Yang Hucheng. On the rock under the tower, there is an inscription of "pillow broken Hongmeng", a calligrapher Wang Duo Handwriting. ^[11]

Nambong

Nambong 2154.90 meters above sea level, is the highest main peak of Huashan, is also The five Mountains The highest peak, the ancients respectfully called it "Huashan head." Climb to the top of the south peak, feel the day near at hand, the stars can be picked. Look around, but see the mountains undulating, gray immanent, the Yellow River Weihe water such as silk such as wisp, the desert plain such as silk such as cotton, panoramic view, so that people really appreciate the majestic grandeur of Huashan, enjoy such as the heaven, such as the magical taste of the clouds.

Huashan Mountain (34 photos)

The south side of the peak is a thousand Zhangs of cliffs, upright as a cut, under a fault deep gully, with the three Gong Mountain, three Feng Mountain isolation. The south peak is composed of one peak and two tops, the east one is called Songhui Peak, the west one is called Luoyan Peak, and it is also said that the south peak is composed of three tops, and Xiaozi Peak on the west of Luoyan Peak is also counted in it. In this way, the highest Luoyan peak is in the middle, the Songhui peak is in the east, and the Xiaozi peak is in the west, the whole is like an arm-chair, and the three peaks are like a giant sitting north. Ming Dynasty Yuan Hongdao In his book "Huashan" described the image of the South peak: "like a man sitting in a precarious position and pulling his knees."

The origin of the name of the Looping goose peak, legend is that the return geese often fall here to rest. The highest point of the summit is the top of Huashan Mountain, and mountaineers are proud to climb to the top. The writers of the past dynasties often made heroic feelings here, and composed poems, so they left a lot of poems and descriptions for later generations. Cliff inscription on the top of the mountain is dazzling, everywhere. Feng Zhi In his "Yunxian mixed records" recorded Tang poet Li Bai boarded the south peak sigh said: "This mountain is the highest, the breath of the emperor, hate not to carry a stunning sentence to ask Qingtian ear." Famous facies of Song Dynasty Kou Zhun He wrote, "Only the sky is on, and there are no mountains and Qi." Raising the head near the red sun, bowing the head low white clouds "is a popular poem. There are many landscapes around Luoyan Peak, the highest point is Yangtian Pool, Black Dragon Pool, the southwest cliff has an Yuzhen niche, welcome pine and so on.

Songhui Peak is slightly lower than Luoyan Peak, but the area is larger than Luoyan Peak. The summit is called Pine Juniper Peak. Wang Hong, a famous scholar of Huayin, called Songhui Peak the master of the South peak. Built on peak White Emperor Shrine , also known as the Golden Heaven Palace, is the main temple of Huashan god Jintian Shaohao. Because the roof of the main temple is covered with iron tiles, it is also called the iron tile temple. There are many landscapes around Songkuei Peak, including eight diagrams Pool, South Tianmen, Chaoyuan Cave, The Long Sky Plank Road Quanzhen Rock, shun Zhao rock, eagle wing stone, Yang Gongting and so on. ^[11]

Dongbong

Dongbong At an altitude of 2096.2 meters, it is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain and gets its name because of its location in the east. There is a platform at the top of the summit, which is high and dangerous, and has a broad vision. It is a famous place to watch the sunrise, known as the Chaoyang Platform, and the east peak is also called the Chaoyang peak.

Dongbong

The east peak is composed of one main three servants and four peaks, the peak where the Chaoyang platform is located is the highest, the Jade female peak in the west, the stone building peak in the east, the Botai south, the guest and the host are orderly, each showing a thousand autumn. The ancient people called Huashan three peaks, referring to the east and west three peaks, Jade female peak is a part of the east peak. Today, the Jade female peak is called the middle peak, making it also exist alone as the main peak of Huashan Mountain.

In ancient times, the road to climb East Peak was dangerous," Three talents will map The description said: the mountain such as a cut out of a slope, dozens of feet high, above only chisel a few foot nests, on both sides and no branches and vines can climb, the peak of people only climb on the stone, feet and hands to reach the summit. At present, several steps have been opened and widened, and visitors can reach the peak safely.

The east peak has more than dozens of landscapes, located in the east of the cliff side of the stone, there are natural stone patterns, like a giant palm, which is listed as the first of the eight views of Guanzhong Huayue fairy palm, the story of the giant spirit God to open the mountain and guide the river comes from this; A surname Yang Gong Pagoda With the Xifeng Yanggong Tower, built by General Yang Hucheng, the tower has the title "Vientiane Sen Luo" four words written by General Yang Hucheng. In addition, the east peak also has Qinglongtan, Manlu Pool, Sanmao Cave, Qingxu Cave, eight Jinggong Palace, Taiji Dongyuan Gate and so on. Unfortunately, some landscapes have been destroyed due to age or natural and man-made disasters, and only ruins remain. After the 1980s, part of the landscape of the East Peak was gradually restored. The road was renovated and strengthened, and the pavilions were rebuilt. On the site of the Eight Jinggong Palace, which was destroyed by fire in 1953, a two-story wooden and stone pavilion has been re-erected, which is the Dongfeng Hotel. ^[11]

Medium peak

Middle peak 2037.8 meters, east, west, south three peaks in the center, one of the main peaks of Huashan. Verdant trees on the peak, the environment is quiet, strange flowers and grasses are unknown. The peak has a house name Jade Lady Shrine The legend is the Spring and Autumn Period Duke Mu of Qin female Nongngoc The place of self-cultivation, so it is also called Jade Goddess Peak.

Most of the sights in Zhongfeng are related to the story of Xiao Shi Nongyu. Such as the star jade girl cliff, jade girl cave, jade girl stone horse, jade girl shampoo plate. Jade female temple built in the peak head, legend that Qin Mu Gong came to Huashan in pursuit of his daughter, nothing, desperation had to build a temple to commemorate. In the temple, there is a jade girl stone, and a dragon bed and phoenix-crowned Xia peon, after all destroyed by natural disasters and man-made disasters. This temple is rebuilt for later generations, the jade statue was rebuilt in 1983, its appearance is dignified and beautiful, simple and rigorous.

There are also stone turtle on the peak, rootless tree, tree and other landscapes, and its related rumors are interesting, from different angles to enrich the connotation of the peak, adding to the magic and beauty of the peak.

The ancient people wrote many poems about Jade Girl and Jade girl peak. The tang dynasty Du Fu In his poem "Wang Yue" there are "an immortal nine scepters, leaning on the jade woman shampoo dish" sentence; The tang dynasty Wang Han There are "awarded the star jade girl altar to send cheap investigation officer Huayin" poems; Ming Gu Xianzheng In the poem "Climbing Huashan", there are sentences such as "the law of the golden God is like three thousand realms, and the jade woman is bright makeup on the twelfth floor". These poems are the icing on the cake of Zhongfeng, and are valuable materials for the study of Zhongfeng. ^[11]

Main attraction

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EDITOR

introduction

There are more than 210 famous scenic spots in Huashan Mountain, including the long air trestle road erected by Ling Air, the three facing the empty kite turning over, and the thousand-foot building cut out on the cliff, the hundred-foot gorge, and the Lao Jun furrow Hua Yue fairy palm Fall under Eight sights of Guanzhong The first. ^[2]

Xiyue Temple

Xiyue Temple Be founded in Han Dynasty It is an important place for emperors to worship the God of Huashan Mountain and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Xiyue Temple covers an area of 120,000 square meters and was built in Emperor Wu of Han In the early years of Yuan Guang (134 BC), he offered sacrifices to the Huashan God of Western Yue for the Chinese feudal dynasties Shao Hao The place. All dynasties have been repaired and constructed, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong forty-two years (1777) to form the scale pattern of the current heavy city type character structure six into the courtyard, is the largest existing Ming and Qing style royal palace imperial garden community. With its grand scale and rigorous layout, it resembles the Forbidden City in Beijing and is known as the "Forbidden City of Shaanxi". Because of the earliest and largest area built in the five Yue Temple, it is called the "first temple of Five Yue".

The architecture of Xiyue Temple is quite magnificent. Built on a high platform, the Five Phoenixes Tower is more than 20 meters high. When you climb the tower, you can see the five peaks vividly. The main hall Haolingdian building is a glazed tile single eaves on the top of the hill, located on a broad "convex" type platform, 7 wide, deep 5, surrounded by cloisters, magnificent, emperors worship Huashan lived here. In the temple hanging Kangxi, Daoguang, Cixi titled "Jintian Zhaodan", "fairy cloud" and other plaques. The whole courtyard is wooded, rocky, and has the interest of a garden. There are many inscriptions in Xiyue Temple, and the existing later Zhou Dynasty. Huayue Temple stele ", Ming reengraved" Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Imperial Huashan inscriptions ", Ming Wanli engraved "Huashan lying map", with Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Chen Tuan Such as Tang and Song famous people have Huashan poems and Huashan Mountain Map . Even now Qianlong Imperial book "Yuelian Lingshu" stone forehead. ^[12]

Golden Lock Pass

Golden lock Pass is built in the three peaks of a tower like stone arch, is the Wuyun peak to the east-west south peak of the throat, after the lock there is no road to pass. In Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue", "there is a door in the arrow that reaches to the sky" refers to here. Taoism believes that Hua Yue is a fairy town, and only after passing the gate of heaven can you enter fairyland. So there is the folk song "After the golden lock Pass, another is a heavy heaven".

The gate gate tower was built in the Tang Dynasty, and Hu Zhenhai, the late Taoist priest in the Ming Dynasty, carried out a large reconstruction and repair. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), Taoist priest Yang Yin rebuilt it. The thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), Taoist priest Yuan Gaoshan rebuilt.

In 1955, it was restored by monk Han Fa-sheng. Due to natural and man-made disasters, the original building was destroyed and only remnants remain. In 1985, the people's government re-closed its doors, in better shape and scale than before. Jinsuoguan north Wuyun peak, south control Huashan main peak, east and west sides of the deep thousands of zhangs, only a meter wide stone path before the pass. Surrounding the ancient pine green, stone forest, often surrounded by auspicious clouds, the scenery is very beautiful. Station before the pass, the north considerable Jag shou jade Han stone, the west can look at the tiger mouth landscape. On both sides of the Guan Guan mountaineering road, the couple lock and safety lock are overlapping, and the red rope color line is swaying in the wind, which is a beautiful scenery before the Guan. ^[13-14]

Canglong Ridge

Canglong Ridge is one of the famous dangerous roads in Huashan. It is located in Tainan, Five Unbong It is named for its dark exterior and its dragon-like terrain. Its thin edge, thousands of feet of terrain makes many visitors tremble, of which the most famous is Han Yu The story of crying and writing for help has triggered a large number of related allusions and textual research, and the place has also left a cultural heritage of "Han Tui's writing place". ^[15]

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the increase of the number of times the court offered sacrifices to the gods of Huashan, there was a great move to repair the road of Huashan, and Canglongling had 250 stone steps. Therefore, there are Qing Qianlong years Governor of Shaanxi Bi Yuan Dig out the story of Canglongling. The story goes that when Bi Yuan asked the stone workers to cut through the mountain, Chang 'an City It rained blood for three days, and it turned out that Canglong Ling was a living dragon, chiseled to death by Bi Master. It is said that since then, Huashan has broken the dragon vein and will never come out again Yang Zhen , Yang Jian A big man like that.

During the Republic of China, the Lingshang stone steps increased to 350 levels. After the establishment of New China, the people's government extended the Canglongling dangerous road several times, the guardrail was strengthened year by year, and the stone steps increased to more than 530 levels. In order to prevent congestion from occurring on the ridge during the peak tourist season, the Huashan Administration dug a hiking trail at the east Flying Fish Ridge of Canglong Ridge in the spring of 1998 to ensure the safety of visitors. ^[16]

The Long Sky Plank Road

The Changkong Plank Road is located outside the South Gate and is the first of the famous dangerous roads on Huashan Mountain. The walkway is divided into three sections:

South Tianmen Shifang to Chaoyuan cave west, road chisel out, 20 meters long, two feet wide, for the upper section.

Break down, the cliff gap across the iron bar, shaped like a suspended ladder, visitors must pull the rope step by step down, called "chicken off the shelf", is the middle.

Then the west fold for the next section, the road builder cut out stone holes on the cliff, wedge into the stone pile, the stone pile between the three wooden rafters, visitors here, must face the wall to stick to the belly, foot wood rafters move forward horizontally.

The Changkong Trestle Road is the most dangerous of Huashan Mountains. Through the ages, adventure explorers come in an endless stream of winners, some of whom are scholars and celebrities, many accounts handed down.

One of the "last seven sons" of Ming Dynasty Li Panlong "Taihua Mountain Record" describes: "Out of the South gate to the west is the plank road, although the stack is protected by copper columns and iron cables, but not more than a foot wide. Walk more than 20 feet to the end. The bottom is a well, about three feet high, and the side is a stack."

Thousand-foot building

Qianchi building is located on the Hui Xin stone, is the first danger of Huashan. The walls of the building stand upright, allowing only two people to walk up and down. The two sides of the chain sag vertically, the slope is 70 degrees. There are more than 370 steps from top to bottom, all of which are not wide enough.

Thousand-foot building

At the top of the "thousand feet Building", there is a stone cave for only one person. When visitors climb the last stone level, they drill out of the hole, so this hole is called "courtyard". There is a platform on the "patio", inscribed "Taihua throat", which illustrates the shape of the road here. The "hundred feet gap" on the platform is the upper section of the throat, and the platform under the gap is shaped like a prominent larynx. The thousand-foot building below the "patio" is the lower part of the throat. The whole road here is like the human throat and esophagus, both narrow and protruding and long. "Courtyard" mouth is the middle part of "Taihua throat", if it is blocked from now on, the upper and lower will be dead. The Kuomintang bandit Han Zipei had added an iron cover to the "courtyard" mouth in an attempt to cling to Huashan, and the eight warriors of the People's Liberation Army flew over the natural danger, eliminating a squad of troops held here and opening the channel for reinforcements.

The "thousand-foot building" was opened in the Han Dynasty. The original mountaineering road is not at this site, but at Huangfuyu on the east side of Huashan Mountain, that is Zhao King of Qin Linggong Shi hook climb Huashan, so far in the east peak Botai still left two stone carvings. According to the "Seven revised categories", the road to Lotus Peak has no road to pass, because someone from Beidouping saw apes up and down the cliff gap, the explorer followed the monkey path and climbed, only to discover this climbing road. Du Fu In the poem, the "thousand-foot building" is simply mentioned: "There is no way back into the valley of the carriage, and there is a door through the sky."

After the liberation of the visitors increased year by year, the road has been made two major repairs. Later, at the thousand-foot building and the hundred-foot Gorge, a multiple road was opened up, respectively for the upper and lower streets. ^{17 - [18]}

Baichi Gorge

Hundred foot Gorge is located in the north of the thousand feet building, is the second danger of climbing Huashan.

"Hundred foot Gorge" is also called "hundred Zhang cliff", the two walls want to be together, but is flying two stones from which to support, people drill under the stone, terrified, for fear that the stone falls from between the two walls, this is the "heart-shaking stone". Through this stone hanging heart is put down, and then look back at the original two stones stuck here, it is large and small, so it can be safe and sound, so this stone is also called "Pingxin stone". Han Yu In the poem, there is a description of "Iran-Shen Gong, killing gas to see edges and corners". ^[19]

The kite flips over.

Harrier turn is located in Huashan east peak, is the leading Chess pavilion The only way, for Huashan famous one of the dangerous road, its road chisel on the cliff of the eastern peak, see only cold rope hanging in the air, no path. Visitors to this point, must face the wall, with toes to explore the stone nest, alternately down, a few steps must be such as Hawk harrier Generally, the body can be turned left and right to pass, so the name "kite turn over".

The kite flips over.

In recent years, Huashan management department has completely renovated the Foal turn over the dangerous road, chiseled deep foot nest, stone steps, and replaced the iron cable in many places. ^[20]

From the visual impact point of view, the kite turning over is not as good as the sky trestle road, but the kite turning over is more difficult. First, the stairway is inclined and tilted inward. Secondly, the chain is too loose, the swing degree is too large, and it is not easy to grasp. In addition, people are climbing from the top down, and the cliff is leaning in, and the eyes are a little difficult to see the landing point. This requires the full cooperation of hands, eyes, feet and knees. In the whole way of turning over the kite, there can be no slackening. Hands to grasp, eyes to see, knees to hold, feet to steady. Concentrate. Concentrate. In terms of difficulty, this kite turned over more than the long air trestle to have one more star. Careful, can't see with the foot to test. Climbing down one pit at a time. There's a small piece of chain with only one side to grip. This part requires a good balance of the body. ^[21]

Old King furrow

Laojun furrow is located above Qunxian Guan, it is said that there was no road here, Laozi Li Er drove a green cow with an iron plow to open, shaped like the furrow left when ploughing, so it is called "Laojun furrow". At the beginning, people climbed up and down the Huashan Mountain from the stone nests on both sides of the furrows, and people can still see the stone nests on both sides of the furrows. Local circulation said: "a thousand feet building, one hundred feet gorge, Lao Jun furrow slowly climb."

"Laojun Furrow", like the thousand-foot building and the hundred-foot Gorge, is one of the only dangerous ways to climb Huashan. At present, 271 stone steps are carved into the upper right of the furrow, and the iron chains on both sides are sagging, making walking safer.

"Lao Jun furrow" was originally "Lao Jun away from dirt". In Taoist terms, this is what it means to leave the grime and arrive at fairyland. Legend has it that Taoist patriarch Li Er once visited here, so it is "the place where the old king left the world." Because "away from the dirt" and "furrow" homonym, coupled with the place is like furrow, coupled with Huashan and lying cow stone, Yue Temple green cow tree and the legend of the North peak old king hanging plow, so people think that here is "old king furrow" no different. ^[22]

The first wedding room in the world

The term "bridal chamber" in "wedding night" originates from the west peak of Huashan Mountain. In the past, due to the difficulty of climbing Huashan Road, ordinary people were discouraged, which provided an excellent place for some people who wanted to hide their practice in the early days. It is difficult to find materials to build temples on the mountain, so hermits cut stone caves to live and practice enlightenment.

Legend has it that he practiced flute in Huashan A surname And Qin Mu Gong's daughter Princess Nongyu Before the two cranes became fairies, had to the Xifeng lotus cave lit candles to get married, for marriage and the "first wedding room in the world" will come from this. So Huashan Mountain is love mountain, is the witness of love. Whether it is a husband and wife, or a new lover, lover, a trip to Huashan hand in hand, will be deep in love. Lotus Cave inscriptions, rich cultural atmosphere, is a good place for visitors to explore the sweet way to rest. In recent years, the scenic area management Committee has held a series of "Huashan witness" collective weddings, and more than 100 couples have married in Huashan, making the ancient mountain of love perfect and fashionable. ^[23]

Hairy Girl Cave

“毛女洞”是“毛女洞下院”的简称，位于毛女峰下，因毛女而得名。

Hairy Girl Cave

Han Dynasty Liu Xiang If you give it to a real person, it's a loose meal. Cause and effect, prolong the life deep auspicious. Proud and happy." Sometimes asked the Qin palace, smile twist fairy flower look too empty."

Entourage found a strange thing in Yue temple hangover, tell Yuan long. When he looked, it was a woman, covered with green hair, with a piercing eye, and walking like a fly. To write Qin palace complaints, empty mountains from the sound."

The original building was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt in 1987. ^{[24 to 25]}

Jeonzhenam

Quanzhenyan is a famous cultural landscape of Huashan Mountain and one of the ten unsolved mysteries of Huashan Mountain. for Songhibong A large overhanging rock that overhangs to the south. Out of the southern skywalk can reach the rock, rock belly between He Lao stone room, is the early Yuan Dynasty Quan Zhen Taoist He Zhizhen Open up a place of cultivation.

There are many records about Quanzhenyan history books. "Sancai Map Meeting" said: "There is a rock next to the quiet room, dozens of zhangs high, far over its room, and the book 'Quanzhen rock' three words." "Huayue Map Classic" describes that Quanzhenyan three characters each about seven or eight feet high, engraved in such a place, in addition to the immortal who can fly clouds, ordinary people are certainly impossible. In the "Nanfeng Ji" written by Wang Lu, a master of calligraphy and painting in the Ming Dynasty, it is described as an image: the rock is like the head of a bent man, far covering the stone room of the abdomen. The top of the rock was engraved with the words "Quanzhen rock" and painted with red. There are no gods in the world, and the engraving must be done by humans, but in such a special position, you cannot go up, you cannot go down, unless you are suspended in the air. How the ancients did this is not yet understood.

The history also describes that someone once offered a heavy reward to extend the inscription on the rock, but finally regretted and gave up because they could not reach the inscription place. Folklore inscription He Zhizhen.

Hall of True Martial Arts

It was built to honor Emperor Maicho, the god of the North who ruled Kyushu.

Jiao Gong Stone Room, Xian oil tribute, Shen Tu cliff are named after the legend of Jiao Dao Guang. According to legend, when Emperor Wudi of Northern Zhou, Taoist priest Jiao Kuang, word wide, alone Yuntai peak, meal xia drink dew, avoid grain, often around three blue birds, to report to him about the future. Emperor Wu Yu Wenyong Hearing his name, he went to the mountain court and asked, and ordered a palace to be built in front of Jiaogong's Changchun stone room for him to live. When the palace was built, there was no soil on the peak, the lack of lamp oil, and the Jiao Dao was widely prayed for, and there was soil gushing out from under the cliff. The oil in the cylinder is also complacent overnight, inexhaustible. Later, people called the place where the earth poured into the cliff of God, and the place where the oil cylinder was put was called the Xian oil Gong. ^[26]

Development and construction

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EDITOR

A given year	Honors and titles
The year 1982	Huashan Mountain was issued by The State Council as the first batch of national scenic spots. ^[27]
The year 1991	It is rated as one of the forty best tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration. ^[27]
The year 1999	It has been named as the national civilized scenic tourism demonstration site by the State Civilization Commission, the Ministry of Construction and the Tourism Administration. ^[27]
The year 2004	It is rated as the top ten famous mountains in China. ^[27]
The year 2011	It was rated as AAAAA tourist attraction by the National Tourism Administration. ^[27]
The year 2018	In the China Yellow River Tourism Conference was named "China Yellow River 50 scenery". ^[28]
September 17, 2019	Won the most acclaimed Scenic Spot Award of "2019 China Cultural Tourism Brand Influence Conference · Great Country Tour Scenic Spot Selection". ^[29]
April 2020	Selected as "2020 China Summer Mountain List". ^[42]
June 2020	Ranked 6th in the "Top 100 5A Scenic Spot Brands in 2019". ^[43]
December 2022	It was selected into the Top 100 AAAAA scenic spot Brand Influence list in November 2022. ^[46]

anecdote

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EDITOR

Play the flute to attract the phoenix

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Mu of Qin Had a daughter named Nongngoc Beautiful, smart, like rhythm, good at playing the sheng. She blew the jade sheng, sounding like a phoenix. Qin Mu Gong built a phoenix building in the palace for her to live in, and there was a high platform in front of the building, named Phoenix Terrace. Duke Mu of Qin wanted to choose a husband for his daughter, and made a vow: "You must choose someone who is good at playing the sheng." Mu Gong sent people around to find people who were good at playing the sheng, but they were unable to do so. One day, Nongyu dreamed of a beautiful man saying, "I am the master of Mount Taihua, and God has ordered me to marry you." And to play the jade sheng "Huashan Yin" first lane. Nongyu then told the dream scene to Mu Gong, Mu Gong then sent ministers Muong Minh Visit Huashan Mountain.

Meng Ming found a man who was good at playing xiao in Huashan, named Xiao Shi And return with the same load. Meng Ming invited Xiao Shi to Mu Gong, and Mu Gong asked him to play. Xiao Shi played the first song, the breeze came gently; Play the second song, cloud four; Playing the third song, see pairs of cranes, paragliding in the air, several pairs of peacocks, perching in the forest, a hundred birds and singing, the time square scattered. Mu Gong then married his daughter Nongyu to him, and the couple were in harmony and in love. Xiao Shi taught the jade to play the flute and learned the Song of Coming Phoenix. One night, when a couple was playing xiao under the moon, a purple phoenix came and gathered on the left of the Phoenix platform, and a red dragon came and sat on the right of the Phoenix platform. Xiao Shi said, "I was originally an immortal in heaven, but God saw that the history books on earth were scattered and ordered me to come down to earth to sort them out." ... The Zhou people call me Xiao Shi for my contributions to history. To this day, I have experienced more than one hundred years of vicissitudes. God ordered me to be the Lord of Huashan, and you have predestined, so with Xiao sound as a combination, the achievement of this marriage. But I cannot stay long, and now the dragon and the Feng have come to welcome me, so I can leave." So Xiao Shi took the red dragon, took the jade by the purple Phoenix, and flew away from the Fengtai to the clouds. On that night, someone heard the sound of phoenix singing in Taihua Mountain. In order to commemorate Xiao Shilongyu, the descendants built the "Phoenix Pavilion" on the star cliff of Huashan Mountain, and built the Jade Female Temple on the peak. This curious episode," Annals of the kingdoms of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty "There is a detailed record of" jade blowing Xiao double span phoenix, Zhao Dun back Qin Linggong."

Play the flute to attract the phoenix With the phoenix to go, to wonderland, later generations of literati have recited poems and songs to read this story. Famous poets of Tang Dynasty Li Bai The Yuefu poem Song of Fengtai ": Taste and smell Emperor Qin's daughter The sound of phoenix spread. It was the day of the fairy, when the other love. People blow the color flute, the sky by green clouds welcome. Qu in the body does not return, empty jade name. ^[30]

The princess is in seclude

Emperor Yuan of Han Liu Shi's daughter Nanyang princess married Wang Xian as his wife, when Qi Wang Mang in charge of the government power, the princess see the country in turmoil, advised Wang Xian alone, away from the noise, to avoid the suffering of chaos, Wang Xian determined not to, the princess left the court alone, came to Huashan Baiyun peak recluse practice, a year later cultivation came true, he rode the cloud and went. Wang Xian in the infighting in the court to suffer, this thought of the princess's advice, then came to Huashan to look for the princess, under the guidance of the woodcutter, in the Baiyun peak North Ridge head to find the princess embroidered shoes, bending down to pick up, the shoes have been turned into stone, so people put the princess left shoes place called Jiahe Ridge, the Baiyun peak called the Lord peak.

White Dragon Pool, White Dragon Waterfall

10 miles into Fangshan Valley, the cliff confrontation, Ravine water Running down into the waterfall, named "White dragon waterfall", water accumulation into the pool, named "White dragon Tan". Tan Guang 20 square meters, Tan side cliff left ancient trestle stone nest, local people called "stone ladder". Along the stone ladder, you can see that there are white stone patterns on the cliff, winding with the image of dragon, vivid meaning. There is a small temple on the side of the cliff, and the three words "White Dragon Temple" are chiseled on the front of the gate. According to Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhi" appendix, there are 500 small dragons in Huashan pond, and there are theft and escape. This white dragon is far from the main peak of Huashan Mountain and is said to be one of the fugitives.

Unrooted tree

In the south of the jade Temple in the middle peak, there is a stone cave niche on the turtle stone, although there is no soil and no water on the top, but only one pine, the trunk is twisted and colorful, visitors find around it, where the root is not born, so it is called "rootless tree". In the past, it was regarded as a divine object, and many people burned incense for it in order to obtain blessing. Tang Gu State has a poem cloud: "remote knowledge of jade female window tree, not immortal can not climb." This tree died during the "Cultural Revolution" period, and only the dead tree remains today, but its condition can still be appreciated. ^[31]

Thunder God Cave

Under the large upper peach stone, there is a hole-like stone gap in the West Yuan Gate, shaped like a shaft, and the wall of the cave has a time to mark its position. In the past, there was an iron cover on the well head, which would have cut off the road above. Its shape is like the famous dangerous road of Huashan thousand feet building, and the dangerous shape has passed it. To get up and out of the hole, you need to take kudzu in hand and climb the wooden ladder. Out of the hole feeling suddenly, that is, big above heaven and earth. ^[31]

Shilin

The trees of Huashan have been forbidden to be felled since ancient times, so they are called "divine forest" for warning the world. Wang Chuyi "Xiyue Huashan annals" said: "the offender set disaster in the body." Legend has it that there is a forest in the southwest corner of the mountain, all for the invasion of pine juniper, the place of Huashan Fuyu banquet, the name of black forest, where the thief enters the forest, the fire tiger food, can not die. Huashan has God Gu Lin, in the east side of Huangfu Yu, there is Aunt temple in the forest, legend is Hua Yue God mother living place. Temple surrounding trees, pine juniper tens of thousands of roots, people are forbidden to cut. ^[31]

cypress

On the main peak of Huashan Mountain, there are many historical loads.

Wang Chuyi "Xiyue Huashan records" describes: "the northeast peak of the mountain has purple cypress, leaf green dew, to May 5 oil sac, the eater can be a ground fairy."

"Huashan Sutra" says: "There are cypress in the northeast. The leaves are purple and the branches are Ququ, and the dew is like drops, there are still enough cures."

"Continued Qi Harmony record" records, Hongnong famous Deng Shaoxing, the first day of August every year into Huashan medicine, met a boy holding a colorful bag on the dewdrop on the leaves of Sheng Cypress, and the dewdrop was like a pearl, was installed in the color bag. Deng Shao asked the boy what to do with this, and the boy replied, Semen pini pini The master used it to clear his eyes, and then he lost his home. It is said that in ancient times, Huayin had the custom of making eye bags in August to send friends and relatives. Because of this legend.

"Hua Yuan Ji" also describes: "Tianluan people Huashan immortal, seeing the yellow crown, pointing to the Cypress leaf said: 'This long raw medicine also. '" The tree is no more. ^[31]

Five Dragon Pools

Huashan Mountain

Wulong Lake is under the Wulong Bridge in the north of Huashan Gate. It is formed by the alluvial water in the valley. The pool is about 2 meters deep, the water surface area is about 20 square meters, the water color is clear and bright, and the taste is sweet and cool. According to folklore, there are five five-color dragons lurking in the pool, and the five dragons often turn into five old people to listen to Wudang Mountain Chen Tuan Explain easy learning. Because Chen Tuan talented, extraordinary bearing, the five dragons will intentionally point out the maze, said that Wudang Mountain is not Chen Tuan's dwelling place, Chen Tuan cultivates the place of success is Huashan. Chen Tuan accepted the guidance of five old people, pack up, ready to go with five old people to Huashan, one of the old people let Chen Tuan close his eyes, bearing on his back, Chen Tuan will have the feeling of flying clouds, to open his eyes, has arrived in Huashan, folklore Chen Tuan a sleep can sleep on eight hundred years of sting Fu, is to be passed down by the Five dragons.

The temple on the rock side of the original pool is called the Five Dragon Palace, and there are five dragon Kings in the palace. The ruins are still there before the cultural Revolution, and the ruins are completely destroyed after the Cultural Revolution. Due to flash floods, the pool was gradually filled with rubble and no longer exists. The Five Dragons Bridge on Weitan and the large five Dragons colorful murals on the bridge still tell visitors the beautiful legend of Wulongtan. The three words "Five Dragon Bridge" engraved on the bridge fence were secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at that time Hu Qiaomu The book. ^[31]

Bad at chess

According to legend, Huayin Wangdao Village, there is a woodcutter named Wang Ke, one day up the mountain to cut wood, came to the "empty Lingfeng", see a few people around to play chess and say heaven and earth, sounds strange and interesting, he is a chess fan, then watch the battle, forgot to cut wood, but see the leaves around for a while fall, a while and green, do not know what is the reason, and so he thought of going home to take a load, I can't find it. Looking for the axe, there was only one left, which was so thick with rust that it could no longer be used. Back in the village, he knew no one, not even his own children. After running to the village once, he had to return to Huashan monastic, and later, people called this village "Wangdao Village". ^[32]

A great spirit splits mountains

Taihua Mountain and Shaohua Mountain are originally a mountain, which is opposite the Yellow River, and the Yellow River can only flow around it when it passes. The giant spirit, the god of the Yellow River, split the top of the mountain with his hands and pushed off the foothills with his feet, so that the mountain was divided into two halves to facilitate the flow of the Yellow River. The shape of the finger and palm of the hand of the river God on Huashan Mountain is still preserved; The footprints of the giant spirits are still preserved under the Shouyang Mountain. Zhang Heng "Xijing Fu" cloud: "giant spirit giant 屃, high palm far plantis, to the flow of rivers (giant spirit ah strong atmosphere, high mountains have his hand, his footprints left in the distance, he cut a path; To make the crooked Yellow River flow freely) "refers to this matter. ^[33]

Human history

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EDITOR

summarize

Huashan Mountain, known in ancient times as" Western mountain ", elegant name" Taihua Mountain ", famous for China The five Mountains One, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the "Hua" of "China" and "Huaxia", originated from Huashan Mountain ^[34] . locate Shaanxi Province Weinan City Huayin City In the provincial capital Xi 'an 120 kilometers east. A surname Qinling Mountains North view Huangwei, since ancient times there has been "the first mountain in the world". Huashan was the first National key scenic spots , National AAAAA tourist attraction , National key cultural relics protection units , National geopark . ^[1-3]

Mount Huashan is the sacred mountain of the Chinese nation. The "Hua" of China originates from Huashan Mountain, thus Huashan Mountain is called "the root of China" ^[3-4] . This work was first Sun Yat-sen Cited, created" Republic of China ". According to the Qing Dynasty master of Chinese studies Zhang Taiyan And the history of experts and scholars research: the Chinese nation originally formed and lived in the "Huashan week", the name of its land is called Hua, and then people everywhere, throughout the Kyushu, the name of Hua began to be widespread. ^[3]

Huashan is the mainstream of Taoism Quanzhen school The holy land, the "fourth cave heaven", is also widely worshipped by the Chinese people, that is, the western mountain Huashan Jun God. A total of 72 semi-hanging voids, more than 20 Taoist temples, of which Yuquanwon , Durong Temple , A surname , Zhenyue Palace Listed as a national key Taoist temple, yes Chen Tuan , Hao Datong He Yuanxi and other famous Taoist figures.

In 1982, Huashan was issued by The State Council for the first time National scenic spot ; In 1991, Huashan quilt National Tourism Administration Rated as one of the top 40 tourist attractions; In 1999, Huashan was designated by the Central Civilization Commission, Moc (Ministry of Construction) , National Tourism Administration Named as the national civilized scenic tourism demonstration site; In 2004, Huashan was named Ten famous mountains in China ; In 2011, Huashan was rated by the National Tourism Administration National AAAAA tourist attraction ; On June 29, 2017, Huashan Mountain was awarded the "2017 China's Most Popular Tourist Attraction" award. ^[5-6]

Huashan Mountain is one of the nine great places to observe the sun in China Huashan East peak (also known as Chaoyang Peak), Chaoyang terrace is the best place. One of the "50 Views of the Yellow River in China". ^[28]

The source of China

As early as 6,000 years ago Neolithic age There were ancestors living at the foot of Huashan Mountain, Hengzhen and Longwo sites at the foot of Huashan Mountain are typical Neolithic sites. Qing Dynasty master of Chinese studies, by Zhou Enlai Premier called "a generation of Confucian, simple learning masters, learning and revolutionary achievements"

Zhang Taiyan (January 12, 1869 - June 14, 1936) Research believes that the "Hua" of China and China is named for Huashan, in its famous work "Huashan". Republic of China In the discussion: "Our nation's old home Yongliang two continents, the southeast Huayin, the northeast Huayang, Huashan to the limit, then people everywhere, throughout Kyushu, the name of the beginning of the wide."

Su Bingqi: Yangshao painted pottery cultural dissemination roadmap

He is an ancient historian and archaeologist known as the pioneer of Chinese archaeology Xu Xusheng (1888-1976), in his book The Legendary Era of Ancient Chinese History: "Huaxia Group originated in today Shaanxi (Province) The loess plateau of the province has been gradually dispersed along the banks of the Yellow River in parts of northern and central China before history." The views of Xu Xusheng and contemporary historians Mongolian language Tong , Fu Sinian "It is enough to prove that the obtained articles are not the private opinions of one person." ^[35]

The founder of Chinese archeological typology, before Archaeological society of China Guild leader Su Bingqi (October 4, 1909 - June 30, 1997), an archaeological book written in his later years, A new exploration of the origin of Chinese civilization It is called "the century of Chinese archaeology", which states that the Chinese nation is named for the rose of Yangshao culture at the foot of Huashan Mountain as its national totem ^[36] .

Su Bingqi said in the article "On the" Jin Culture "Archaeology" : "From Shaanxi Central Guanzhong The Yangshao culture in the west formed a branch (represented by the upper part of Baoji Beishouling) about 6,000 years ago, forming the "Miaodigou type" at the foot of Huashan Mountain with the combination of mature double-lipped pint-bottomed bottles and painted pottery patterns of rose branches. This is the "spark" (flower) in the ancient Chinese culture based on the more developed primitive agriculture, the most Chinese national cultural characteristics, its influence is the most extensive and the most far-reaching, roughly affecting the so-called "China" in the ancient times of China, in a sense, affected the whole process of Chinese history at that time." Yangshao culture marked by "rose", and the northern Hongshan culture originated in the Daling River basin on the north side of Yanshan with "dragon" as the emblem, meet in the upper reaches of Sanggan River, collide with each other, fusion, burst out a new civilization spark, "Huashan rose Yanshan dragon" encounter, opened the curtain of 5000 years of Chinese civilization, This is the predecessor of the Huaxia National Community with the name Huawei and the dragon as its emblem. This research just confirms the famous scholars in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China Zhang Taiyan One of his views - "China" and "Huaxia" are named after Huashan Mountain. Su Bingqi's point was made Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences the Wang Renxiang researcher ^[37] Central China Normal University Chen Jianxian Professor ^[38] For many years, the Central University for Nationalities has been committed to the study of Chinese civilization and the origin of the Chinese nation Chen Liankai The recognition and inheritance of professors and other scholars, Chen Liankai also quoted Wang Xianzhen , Ren Shinan , Meng Huaping The discussion of et al. is further discussed and extended.

On June 18, 2007, Jin Yong in Peking University Yingjie Exchange Center He gave a speech entitled "The Great Events of Chinese History" and made a special statement before the speech: "What I am talking about is not my original knowledge, but Su Bingqi The professor's opinion." Jin Yong stated in his speech that "Chinese culture did not develop in one place on the Yellow River, but the most important civilization at that time was at the foot of Mount Hua." Because the rose is a totem, we call it the Chinese nation, which comes from the word 'Hua'."

Huashan Mountain is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. In the course of the development of the Chinese nation, the great Chinese nation was nurtured together with the Yellow River. Ancestors called Huashan Mountain "Zhonghua Mountain" because it was in the middle of China's territory, and the tribes gathered around Huashan Mountain were called "Zhonghua Mountain Colony", which evolved into "China" and "Chinese nation". Zhang Taiyan, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, researched that "China" and "Huaxia" got their names from Huashan Mountain. He also said: "Our nation used to live in the Yongliang two states, the southeast Huayin, the northeast Huayang, Hua Mountain to the limit, and then people everywhere, throughout the Kyushu, the name of Hua began to spread." Contemporary famous people also inscriptions for Huashan: "the root of Hua Xia", "Father mountain". Mount Huashan gave birth to the Chinese nation and created the Chinese civilization. Huashan Mountain is the root of China and the source of the nation. ^[4]

Taoist culture

There are many Taoist temples on Huashan Mountain with a long history. As early as Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, the Palace of Collecting Spirits was built. In the Tang Dynasty, there were some temples built by Taoist monks themselves. After the development of Song and Yuan dynasties, there were already many Taoist temples on Huashan Mountain in Ming Dynasty, and the incense was very prosperous. As the temple was originally built on the top of the peak, the Qing Dynasty Kangxi sixteen years (1677) flash floods, the temple washed away a lot, so after the Qing Dynasty rebuilt more in the valley.

Jade Spring Boat

Huashan the most important palace view is Xiyue Temple . The temple is ten miles below Huashan and five miles east of Huayin. The old site is in the Yellow God Valley. It was built in the time of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, that is, the collection palace mentioned earlier.

In the first year of Xingguang (454) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Wencheng built a new temple in Guandao North of the East five miles of Huayin because the old temple had been ruined. From the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the generations of people have continued to repair and expand.

In addition to Yuntaiguan and Yuquanwon . Yuntai View in Huashan, to the valley mouth two miles, Huayin south eight miles, for the ancient Ming hall, North Zhou Jiao Dao Guang start-up, Tang Tianbao years Jinxian princess restoration.

"Huayin County records" said: "Yuntai temple to Yuntai peak name. There are two: one was built by Taoist priest Jiao Daoguang in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the other was built by Chen Tuan in the second year of Jianlong of Song Dynasty (961)." Chen Tuan first lived in Huashan, once opened up Jingzhen, and lived in Guan. Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties continue to repair, so far the old site is still in the northeast of the memorial Chen Tuan Xiyi Temple. Yuquan Courtyard in Huashan Zhang Chaogu.

It was built in memory of Chen Tuan during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1049-1053), and the hospital was hidden with the jade well, surrounded by Yuquan streams, so it was named. The hospital has worship Chen Tuan Xiyi temple, after the temple had Xiyi sleep hole, legend is Chen Tuan practice sleep place, but no longer exist.

The scale of Yuquan Yuan was built by Lu Weiyuan of Huayin Prefecture in the forty-second year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1777), which was destroyed by a flood during the reign of Guangxu and later restored. After liberation, the people's government appropriated funds for reconstruction and expansion in 1958. These temples are built on hills and are exquisitely constructed.

Huashan stone carving

The inscription of "sleeping with" at the scenic spot on the small top of Huashan Scenic spot^[39]

Huashan stone inscriptions first appeared in Zhou Jian Han Tripod," Ancient and modern swords He has written. Stele and cliff stone carvings are diverse in form and rich in content.

Great writer of Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu He studied and sorted out the inscriptions on Huashan Mountain before the Song Dynasty, and wrote 10 volumes of monograph "Huashan inscriptions and Postscripts", and studied the inscriptions since the Tang Dynasty The New Century Twenty-two years (734) to the later Tang Dynasty Qingtai Two years (935) 200 years 532 people to Huashan inscription.

Qing Dynasty Gu Yanwu , Wang Hongzhu And Huashan stone carvings collected into a book, and distinguish the authenticity.

During the Qianlong period, Bi Yuan collected all the stones and characters of Huashan Mountain in his book Guanzhong Jinshi. Huashan stone carvings are mainly cliff stone carvings, is a treasure house of calligraphy art, known as the calligraphy museum engraved on the cliff stone. Calligraphy on the stone, line, grass, Li, seal is dazzling, each with its own characteristics. The writing on the cliff has been eroded by wind and rain for many years, and most of them are buried or illegible. According to the census of the county Cultural Relics Bureau in 1980, 1986 and 1988, only the side of the main peak road and the main scenic spots have more than 330 cliff stone carvings. Extracts are listed in bottom to top order. Where the table is "unknown" or "mouth", mostly because the handwriting is not legible or the inscriptions are not signed and the age is vague, to be verified by later knowledgeable people. Among the famous inscriptions are the Qing Dynasty Win the game , Wu Dacheng , exaltation , the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen , Zhang Daqian Let's wait.

An inscription of "sleeping with" at a scenic spot on the small top of Huashan Mountain was signed "Li Guanghan after learning", which was exclaimed as a God inscription by netizens. According to Jing Qinxue, who collected the cliff carvings of Huashan Mountain, the inscription may be that of Li Guanghan in the Qing Dynasty Chen Tuan (tuan) The old Patriarch expresses humility. ^[39]

Huashan blessing stone carving

Huashan blessing stone carving^[45]

" Huashan Blessing "Fu cultural landscape stone in the Huashan scenic area tourist center ecological square," Fu "word 2 meters high, 1.6 meters wide, the font is round and meaningful, full of pen, vigorous and free and easy, simple and simple, the pen is heavy, the artistic effect is strong, Fu cultural elements are strong ^[45] . By Chinese traditional culture scholars, writing Fu culture experts View and associate with inscribe ^[45] ; Meaning the first Shanxi Yuehua mountain in the world, the mountain of wealth, the source of happiness and longevity, peace and auspiciousness, is the landmark blessing created by Huashan scenic spot Blessing culture landscape ^[45] .

Records in ancient books

" Yugon ": Guided river as Huayin. It is the north of Huashan Mountain.

" The Classic of Mountains and Rivers ": Taihua mountain, cut into the four sides, high five thousand, wide ten miles, far and look at it, if Huashan, so called Huashan.

" White tiger Tong ": Western Huashan, little Yang, all things Sheng Hua also.

" Erya The beauty of the southwest, there is Huashan gold cloud.

" Annotations of the Water Classics ": Huayue has three peaks according to" Sheng View "Cloud: Huayue three peaks: Hibiscus, star, jade is also, straight up thousands of Ren, based on the wide peak and fold show, Yi in the Ling table, like cut into. There are two springs on the top of the mountain east said Taiqiu spring, west said Puchi, east and west diverge, hang slip up virtual, straight down the mountain. Today, the mountain pan back to Jun support, wings with riverside, control the danger of the Guan, Zhuang city shape victory, choke Yong, Yu to silence the throat. The middle of Qin Dynasty is filled with dangers and is rivaled by the whole world. Wouldn't Jian Hua be a city, with rivers as a pool, mountains and rivers as the king, and Tai Hua Pu Ran as the leader?

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang "Hua Yue Ming" : Xiong Feng Jun cut, Lotus Sen Shuang. It is the spirit mountain, the long mountain. Great town, rugged earth. High standard day, half the wall of the rain.

Huashan poetry

Huashan poetry
Title of work	author	dynasty
Holding song	Gu Yue Mansion	-
A poem about the West Mountain	Panni	The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597)
Huashan Pavilion for the national camp merit poetry	Southern Shenyang covenant	The Northern and Southern Dynasties
Go through Taihua	Condessau	Sui Dynasty
West Yue Yuntai song send Dan qiu son	Li Bai	Tang Dynasty
Denghua Mountain	Li Bai	Tang Dynasty
Song of Huashan	Liu Yuxi	Tang Dynasty
Hwa Mt	Wang Wei	Tang Dynasty
Mangak	Du Fu	Tang Dynasty
Huayue Temple	A surname	Tang Dynasty
Pass by Huashan	Li Longji	Tang Dynasty
Water curtain poetry	Liu Zongyuan	Tang Dynasty
Guanhuashan Waterfall	Lv Luheng	Tang Dynasty

Top 10 unsolved mysteries

1. What happened to the urn in the cave?

This view is next to the mountaineering path above the Group Senguan. There was a hole in a rock, and in the hole there was a black glaze jar, and in the jar there was a hole. Inexplicable is that the stone entrance is small, the urn body is large, how the urn is loaded into the hole, it is puzzling to understand, the folk had spread such a phrase: "There is an urn in the hole, there is a hole in the hole, there is a hole in the hole, there is a hole in the urn, I do not know whether there is a hole or the urn first."

2. How was the word "Quanzhen Rock" carved on the top of the cliff?

On the cliff cliff above the old stone room at the end of the Changkong Trestle road outside the South Tianmen, there are three square characters "Quanzhen Rock", double-line regular script, the pen is strong, the carving is exquisite, and it is passed down as the Yuan Taoist He Zhizhen inscription. However, what is surprising and incomprehensible is that this rock stone is carved on the cliff tens of meters high, and the cliff is eaves, the word is engraved on the "eaves" below the cliff is the abyss, I really do not know how He always engrave these three words?

3. How did the "cloud sky arc" appear?

Around the two boulders above the ladder, in the rainy morning of summer and autumn, there are often a few wisps of arcing light across, especially dazzling, so that the stone pattern under the night is clearly visible, it is said that the lightning before the thunder, but there is no thunder after the arc. I wonder how this "arc light" appeared?

4. How did "Lotus Buddha Shadow" appear?

In the south peak of Huashan Mountain, the air is humid, sunny days, sometimes in a light fog above suddenly appear a group of colored halo, halo is in the middle of a shadow, its shape resembles the Buddha's body, or standing or sitting, vivid, like "gods and Ao area", very magical, I do not know how this phenomenon appeared?

5. Why is there a "swallow title table"?

There is a stone table outside the south gate, three faces hanging hollow, look down the abyss Wanzhang, open around, according to legend is the yellow emperor will group of fairies. At the spring and summer interchange, men and women often burn their watches to sacrifice to the gods. The pieces of the yellow watch fly and dance in the sky, attracting countless swallows in their jaws, and becoming an interesting landscape. I wonder why the swallow wants to "hold the watch"?

6. What is the word ""?

There are two words "Sea of clouds" engraved on the edge of the platform above Canglongling, and the signing is "". Some people say that "Chang" and "Ming" two characters, some people say that Shaanxi Guanzhong dialect "jiao" (meaning the sun is very hot), in the end what is the word, so far neither nonsense can be examined, there is no Canon can look up, become a big puzzle.

7. Why is Yangtian Pond "dry but not dry, waterlogging but not overflowing"?

At the peak of Luoyan peak (south peak) of Huashan Mountain, there is a natural stone depression, less than a foot wide, about one meter long, in an irregular shape, the blue sky is close at hand, and it is named "Yangtianchi". The water in the pool is clear, not overflowing when waterlogging, not drying up when drought, and the sun and moon at four a year, I do not know why? Legend has it that Laojun used this water to refine golden Dan.

8. Why is the color of the Black Dragon Pool so changeable?

Black Dragon Pool located on the south peak of Huashan Mountain, Black Dragon Pool is not big. It is one square meter square and filled with water all the year round. It is difficult to understand that sometimes the water is black as ink, and sometimes it is crystal clear. People can't imagine why.

The book "Say the Bell" says: "the dragon is black water, the dragon is clear water."

9. How did the magic lantern appear?

Ming Dynasty painter Wang Lu in the "Jade Female peak record" describes the night to stay in the jade female peak, midnight to see the peak cliff side of the light such as a lamp, or three or five wandering, this is Huashan magic lamp.

"Yongsheng Luo" describes that the white Goat peak of Huashan "every three to eight sections, that is, a magic lamp or three or five appears on the cliff end." It is said that those who see the lamp will be blessed and live long.

10. Why are people coming and going to the Chinese Fairy Bridge?

On the south of the Sanqing Hall in Huashan Valley, because of the changes in the sky, sometimes looking far away, you can faintly see a bridge like a rainbow between the peaks and valleys, and the figures on the bridge, such as a group of fairies gathering.

A man named Shi Ji wrote in the poem "Chinese Immortal Bridge" : "Heaven Ding force ghost work, people walk on the back of the autumn rainbow." As high as the purple Xiao Chong bird road, the next line of soil small salty Beijing. Lanxiang jade dynasty gold Que, son Jin blowing sheng Mingyue. The cold night is still, the breeze is falling and the sound is hollow."

Tourist information

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EDITOR

Opening hours

On April 11, 2020, Huashan Scenic Spot will be reopened from 8:00 to 15:00 every day. According to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, the maximum daily tourist reception of Huashan Scenic spot is not more than 6,000 people (including no more than 1,500 people per day for group reservations and no more than 1,000 people per day for Xiyue Temple Scenic spot), and ticket sales will be stopped when the maximum limit is exceeded. ^[40]

Ticket information

In December 2023, the Management Committee of Huashan Scenic Spot: In order to repay tourists' love and attention to Huashan Scenic Spot, the scenic spot will implement a free admission policy for tourists from all over the country (including compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from December 26, 2023 to January 31, 2024. ^[49]

Ticket price
Ticket type	Peak season price	Off-season price	Applicable population
Full adult ticket	160 RMB/person	100 yuan/person	General tourist
Free ticket	-	-	Active servicemen, retired officers of the armed forces, the elderly over the age of 70, and the disabled
Half-price ticket	80 yuan/person	50 yuan/person	65-69 years old, 1.2-1.5 meters (including 1.5 meters) of children
Ticket at reduced rate	90 yuan/person	50 yuan/person	Full-time students in school (university, high school, middle school, primary school)
Eastbound ropeway one-way ticket	80 yuan/person	Please check the official website or consult customer service	Grown man
Eastbound ropeway return ticket	150 yuan/person	Please check the official website or consult customer service	Grown man
Zone ticket (between Visitor center and attractions)	20 yuan/person	20 yuan/person	Grown man
Free tickets for regional buses	-	-	Full-time students in school (university, high school, middle school, primary school)

traffic

aeroplane

Take a plane to Xi 'an Xianyang International Airport, the airport is 138 kilometers away from Huashan Mountain, the highway between the two runs through the whole line, about 1 and a half hours to reach Huashan Mountain.

Note: There is no direct transportation to Huashan from Xi 'an Xianyang Airport, you need to arrive at the city first and transfer to other transportation to Huashan. ^[41]

high-speed railway

Western passengers from Xi 'an or Baoji take the high-speed train, stop at Huashan North Station, Huashan North Station is about 5 kilometers away from Huashan, after the high-speed train, there is a tourist line can reach Huashan tourists or Huashan Yuquan Yuan. Tourist bus 10 yuan/person. ^[41]

train

From Longhai Line station can take the train to Huashan station. The railway journey between Xi 'an and Huashan station is about 123 kilometers, and several eastbound trains stop at Huashan station throughout the day, taking about one and a half hours to two hours. Huashan Station to Huashan Valley 7 km, after getting off the train, change buses, 3 yuan to the scenic spot, or take a taxi to Huashan scenic area, 15-20 yuan. Xi 'an sent to the direction of Huashan a lot of trains, train fares between 18-30 yuan. ^[41]

Passenger car

(Xi 'an Chengdong Passenger Station - Huashan Station) in Xi 'an Chengdong (Tangdu) bus station (address: No. 17 Changle Middle Road) there are vehicles to Huayin, the first 7:00, the last: 19:15, about 15 minutes, on the way will stop at Huashan stop, get off at the mountaineering place, on the car to explain Huashan get off. Ticket price: 41 yuan/person, including insurance. ^[41]

Special bus line

(Xi 'an Railway Station - Huashan Station)

Xi 'an Railway Station East Square travel bus tour 1 road, ticket price 22 yuan. 8:00am Departure from East Square of Railway Station, passing Xiyue Temple, terminating at Yuquanyuan Mountain Entrance; 17:00 PM from Yuquan Yuan back, about 2 hours by car. Off season (January - March). In addition, the railway station also has a bus company directly to Huashan, a lot of frequency; By coach: you can take a coach to Huashan from Xi 'an Chengdong Bus Station. ^[41]

Hit the road

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