Beihai

rank High latitude , all year round Prevailing westerly And there is north Atlantic Warm current regulation, no ice in winter, summer temperature is not high. February Mean air temperature Is 0 ~ 5℃, the average temperature in August is 15 ~ 17℃. Annual precipitation More, up to 1000 mm in the north, 600 to 700 mm in the south, and even seasonal distribution. Belong to Temperate maritime climate . At the same time the North Sea is in Polar front Hovering in the south and north, cyclonic activity is frequent, especially in winter (November to March of the next year), storms often occur, and can form up to several meters, or even more than 10 meters of wind waves, often the southern sea area Netherlands , Denmark , Belgium And coastal areas such as Britain suffered Storm surge Attacks, causing harm to people's lives and property. Near surface of North Sea Ocean current It's a cyclonic circulation, and the bottom layer is not very regular, in The Shetland Islands The flow rate is strong in the vicinity and weakened in the middle, generally not more than 35 cm/s. The current in the North Sea is larger, and the current velocity in the open sea is 1 ~ 1.5 m/s. The Strait of Dover It is 2.5 m/s, sometimes up to 5 m/s near Shetland. The surface water temperature of the North Sea is the lowest in February and the highest in August. Affected by ocean currents in particular The North Atlantic Current In winter, the water temperature in the northwest sea is 7.5℃, while that in the Southeast Sea is 2℃. In summer, the temperature is 13℃ in the northwest sea area and 18℃ in the Southeast Sea area.

The North Sea, Atlantic A bay to the east and partly to the west England , Scotland Boundary, east and Norse , Denmark , Germany, Netherlands, Belgium Adjacent to France, south of the French coast from the lighthouse of the Volde, across The Strait of Dover The line to Fur Cape on the English coast is bounded; North from Scotland Dunnett Point , via Orkney and The Shetland Islands , and then west By 0°53 'longitude to 61° North, then east along 61° North latitude Coast of Norway Is bounded by the line. The Northern North Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Dover; To the north, through the gap between Scotland and Norway, and the Atlantic Ocean Norwegian sea Meet; East, via Norway, Sweden Between Denmark and Denmark The Skagerrak and The Kattegat , and Baltic Sea Communicate. The North Sea, about 965 km long, 580 km wide in the north. The total area is 600,000 Square kilometer The average water depth is 91 meters, and the volume is 155,000 Cubic kilometer . Several islands in the sea area cover a total area of 73 square kilometers. ^[1]

The North Sea is thought to be Epicontinental sea That is, its entire structure Sea basin Both are on the continental (as opposed to oceanic) crust. The basin is, in a way, a geosyncline Long (strip) Sedimentary deposit At least twice before, it folded into a mountain range. Each time, these mountains were washed away, leaving only a shallow basin between England and the mainland. About 230 million years ago, the land around the North Sea was desert because Evaporation capacity The large, limited inflow of water from the north formed a huge evaporite Deposited. Under the North Sea and in Germany, Denmark discoverable Salt dome And structures, which are representative of these evaporites. The history of the formation of seabed structures in the North Sea is directly related to the vast oil fields now being developed in the North Sea and neighbouring countries.

Of course, the bottom of the North Sea is a continental shelf. The southern half of the sea is 40 meters deep tableland . The sea floor gradually slopes northward to the edge of the shelf west of the Shetland Islands, at a depth of about 183 metres. Around the southern tip of Norway and beyond the edge of the shelf is a rare strait (the Norwegian Strait) with a depth of about 600 meters. some oceanographer suppose Submarine valley is Continental glacier Formed by erosion. There are others The last ice Age The remains of (11,000 to 8,000 years ago), that is Sea level Low water level And glacial moraines are left when river valleys are cut (so-called glaciers moraine When a glacier melts, sediment accumulates at the front of the glacier). UK and Denmark One example is the Dogger Bar, which is only 13 meters deep. Submarine sediment Mainly glacial gravel, sand and silt. Which silt is everywhere, this is due to being affected Ocean current And the effect of the waves, re being carried for the sake of.

The circulation of water in the North Sea is influenced by both the Atlantic water from the north and the Atlantic water from the east Baltic Sea The impact of water, while the inflow of water from the Strait of Dover to the south is very small. Most of the water comes from The North Atlantic Current , along the Orkney and Shetland Islands inshore south current. It turns counterclockwise to the south and flows out along the coast of Norway as the Baltic current. The surface water temperature is 2 ~ 7℃ in February and 11 ~ 17℃ in August. salinity It varies by region and season. Due to the fact that continental rivers ( Rhine , Elbe , Weser , The Ames River and The Scheldt River In the coastal waters of Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany, there is a great deal of fresh water, and even in the mild winter, it freezes over. The west, with less fresh water flowing into the sea and under the influence of the North Atlantic Current, is ice-free even in winter.

(Bold for important ports) ^[2]

United Kingdom 🇬🇧 : Londonderry, Belfast, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee , Edinburgh , Newcastle , Middlesborough , Kingston upon Hull Grimsby, Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Ipswich , Colchester , Chelmsford, Southend-on-Sea , London , Dover , Blackpool, Liverpool, Chest Swansea, Cardiff

Ireland 🇮🇪 : Sligo, Westport, Galway , Limerick , Cork , Watford, Dublin

France 🇫🇷 : Calais , Dunkirk

Belgium 🇧🇪 : Ostend , Blankenberge

The Netherlands 🇳🇱 : Ternepp , Middleburg Rotterdam, The Hague, Haarlem , Den Helder, Amsterdam , Almel, Lelystad

Germany 🇩🇪 : Emden , Wilhelmshaven , Bremen, Cuxhaven , Hamburg

Denmark 🇩🇰 : Esbjorn , Alborg , Aarhus , Odense , Copenhagen

Norse 🇳🇴 : Frederikstad , Oslo , Drammen , Kristiansand , Stavanger , Hugeson , Bergen

Faroe Islands (Dan) 🇫🇴 : Torshavn

North sea fishing ground Is the world Four major fishing grounds One of them, Fresh fish It accounts for half of the world's production, and the coastal peoples of nearby countries rely on fishing as their main agriculture. In 1958, the North Sea was submerged by the United Kingdom, Netherlands , Germany, Denmark and Norse Divided into several oil and gas exploration and development zones. first Natural gas well The Wells were commissioned in 1959 and 1969, respectively. With 23 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, the North Sea is the ninth largest field in the world.

In geologic history, Paleogene Pliocene epoch (about 2.5 million years ago), Doge Beach North Sea south of Dogger Bank Sea basin originally Continental Europe Part of it. At that time, the Rhine entered the sea about 400 kilometers north of London. The Quaternary Pleistocene experienced several times during 2 million years Ice sheet Back and forth, the biggest one Ice age , from The Thames The sea basin north of the line from the mouth to the Dutch coast is completely covered with ice. about A.d. For the first 6,000 years, ice sheets melted and seas expanded and flooded Britain With France Land bridge The island is separated from the mainland. The North Sea coast was formed only about 3,000 years ago.

Geological history During the Upper Tertiary period (about 60 million years ago), the North Sea slowly sank. At the end of the Pliocene (about 2.5 million years ago), Doge Shoal The North Sea Basin to the south was formerly part of the European continent. At that time, the ancient Rhine River (the ancient Thames and other tributaries) emptied into the North Sea 400 kilometers north of present-day London. quaternary Pleistocene (about 2 million years ago), the sea basin from the Thames estuary to the north of the Dutch coast was completely covered with ice after several ice sheet reversals. Around 6000 BC, the ice caps melted and the sea expanded, flooding it Great Britain Land bridge with France. The outline of the North Sea was formed about 3,000 years ago.

There are seven countries along the coast: Norway, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. The most populous country is Germany, followed by the United Kingdom and France. Norway is in the region Population density The smallest country, with an average of only 13 people per square kilometer, has a total population only about the size of Russia St. Petersburg The population of a city.

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