Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
Lviv (Latin for Lviv)
Leopolis
", meaning "Lion City") Yes
Ukraine
Western major
city
Lviv Oblast
The capital
. Population 727,968.
The city is the main industrial and cultural educational center of western Ukraine, with many large factories and the oldest university in Ukraine
University of Lviv
And the famous Lviv opera with
ballet
The theater. The old town of Lviv has many valuable theatre and museum buildings and is listed as
World cultural heritage
. In September 2006, Lviv celebrated its 750th anniversary, with one of the main celebrations = opera and
ballet
Around the theater.
Lviv is the center of Ukrainian national culture, and the Ukrainian language is more widely spoken than in other Ukrainian cities.
- Chinese name
- Lviv
- Foreign name
-
Lviv
Lwów
Lvov
Lemberg
Л ь kind guide yongjiang kind guide - alias
- Lviv
- Administrative category
- Capital of Lviv Oblast
- Subordinate region
- Ukraine Lviv Oblast
- Geographical position
- Western Ukraine
- Area product
- 171 km² [1]
- Telephone area code
- 0322
- Postal code
- 79000-82000.
- Climatic condition
- Temperate continental climate
- Population number
- 727,900
- Famous scenic spot
- History museum , St. George's Cathedral , The Opera and Ballet Theatre of Kushnica
- aerodrome
- Lviv International Airport
- Railway station
- Lviv Railway Station
- prescription
- Ukrainian, Ukrainian Galician dialect [10]
- speciality
- rye Wheat, sugar beets
- Well-known industry
- Oil, natural gas, coal, potash
- Sea bulldog
- 296 m
- Time zone
- UTC+2
- Daylight saving time
- UTC+3
Lviv is the political, economic, cultural,
education
Center. The city of Lviv is
Lviv Oblast
The capital of the state. In the hills between the upper Dniester and the upper Bug. There are plenty of coal deposits nearby.
Lviv Oblast
It has a population of 2.6 million and an area of 21,800 square kilometers. Its urban resident population is 830,000. The year 1256 appears in historical records. Under the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918,
World War I
It was annexed to Poland in 1939
The Soviet Union
Of Ukraine. A railway hub. Industry is dominated by machinery manufacturing (automobiles, agricultural machinery, mining machinery, electronics, etc.), textiles and food processing. There are places of interest from the 16th to 19th centuries. The daily migrant population of 200,000 people, including people from the suburbs to work and tourists. There are 12 universities in Lviv, including the first university in Ukraine and one of the oldest in Europe. Lviv is not only the center of culture and education, but also the industrial center of Ukraine. Lviv's business situation is one of the best in Ukraine, and the investment in Lviv accounts for 11% of Ukraine, and it is growing every year.
The streets of Lviv
The streets of Lviv
Lviv
The city of Lviv was founded in the 13th century by Grand Duke Danin Galichsky and named after his son. Lviv soon became a commercial and economic center, and was on the main road from Kiev, Central and Eastern Europe to the ports of the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea. Its favorable geographical location has promoted economic development. Its natural environment also attracts many others, including the Tatars,
German
Hungarians, Poles,
Lithuanians
, Austrians, etc.
The city of Lviv is the capital of the Lviv Oblast, which borders Poland and is one of Ukraine's 27 administrative divisions, with an area of 21,800 square kilometers and a population of 2.75 million. The written history of Lviv dates back to the 13th century, when it was a duchy of Kievan Rus'. In 1256, Danilo, Grand Duke of Harichporini, founded a town named Lviv after his son Lev. Lviv has gone through many vicissitudes and changed countries. It came under Polish rule in the 14th century, under Austrian rule in 1772, back to Poland in 1918, and finally to Ukraine in 1939. In the centuries following the founding of Lviv, Ukrainians lived together with Poles, Austrians, Germans, Hungarians, French, Greeks, and Jews, and Lviv gradually developed into the center of western Ukraine.
At the same time, other European peoples have also brought their own culture, art, traditions and religions to Lviv, and the unique conditions make Lviv a concentrated integration of the rich history of Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe. As a result, Lviv's architecture is both Gothic and
baroque
Renaissance and Romanesque styles are not surprising. When you walk around Lviv's old town, lined with baroque churches, it's like being in an old Western European city. In this sense, Lviv can also be called a condensed "Little Europe."
The old Market square is a testament to Lviv's long history. This is the old town of Lviv, where the upper class of Lviv has lived for generations, surrounded by historical buildings of different styles since the founding of Lviv, most of which are inlaid and decorated with sculptures of different shapes. At the northeast corner of the square is the Lviv Historical Museum, a 16th-century Renaissant style building known as the "House of the Black Stone". Next to the historical museum is a museum displaying medieval furniture and pottery. The oldest pharmacy museum in Lviv, built in 1735, is across the street from the Historical Museum. To the east of the historical museum is the Dominican Church, which is typical of the Baroque architecture of the 18th century. In the southwest corner of the square is a Roman Catholic cathedral built in the Polish era in the 14th and 15th centuries, which has now become the headquarters of the Ukrainian Catholic Church and is the "spiritual pillar" in the eyes of Ukrainians.
Lviv has historically belonged to many different states: Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (known as Lemberg); The short-lived People's Republic of Western Ukraine after World War I; Back to Poland; Then came the Soviet Union. In addition, both Sweden and Turkey attempted to conquer the city, but were unsuccessful.
An archaeological dig in 1993 revealed that the Lviv region had been inhabited as late as the 5th century. Around the 8th century, a West Slavic tribe settled here, and in the 9th century submitted to Great Moravia. It was then contested between Poland and Kievan Rus' : from 960 to 980 the Polish king Myzko I controlled the area, and in 981 it was conquered by Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus'.
Lviv
Lviv
However, the city of Lviv itself was founded in 1256 by Duke Halesky of Ruthenia, who named the town after his son Lev. Due to its moderate location, Lviv developed rapidly and became the capital of the Duchy in 1272. In 1349, King Casimir III of Poland (a cousin of the duke) captured the city. In 1356, Poland brought in German citizens and gave Magdeburg the right to elect a city council to solve the city's problems. As the city prospered, Lviv became a multi-ethnic and multi-religious city, attracting German and Armenian traders. Churches of all denominations were built.
Both Swedes and Cossacks invaded the city in the 17th century. After the first partition of Poland in 1772, the city became known as Lemberg and became the capital of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. As part of Poland (later renamed Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), Lviv became the capital of the Ruthenian Governorate.
In 1772, after the first partition of Poland, the city was renamed Remberg and became the capital of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The official language was changed to German, and most of the positions in the municipal institutions went to Germans and Czechs, although the city remained a major center of Polish and Ukrainian culture. The early years of Austrian rule were rather lenient, and in 1784,
World War I
In September 1914, the Russians captured the city, but it was recovered by Austria-Hungary in June 1915.
Polish-ukrainian War
At the end of the First World War, on October 18, 1918,
The House of Habsburg
The Austro-Hungarian government suddenly collapsed. The city became the scene of clashes between local Ukrainians and Poles. On November 1, local Ukrainians proclaimed the West Ukrainian People's Republic, with its capital in Lviv. The local Polish population rebelled against Ukrainian rule and gained support from the Polish rear. By July 1919,
Armed forces of Poland
Drive the Ukrainian armed forces east of the Zbruch River. In April 1920, Poland and Ukraine signed an agreement in which Ukraine recognized Polish rule over the Lviv region.
Main article: Polish-Soviet War
Population of Lviv in 1931
|
Roman Catholicism
|
198212
|
(63.5%)
|
|
Jew
|
75316
|
(24.1%)
|
|
Eastern Rite Catholic
|
35137
|
(11.3%)
|
|
other
|
3566
|
(1.1%)
|
|
total
|
312231
|
(100%)
|
Source: Statistics for Poland 1931
During the Second Republic of Poland, Lviv was the second largest city in Poland. During this period, the city experienced great suffering from the Polish-Soviet War, the World War, the Holocaust and the invading army. At the same time, the government of the Second Polish Republic weakened the rights of the local Ukrainian population and closed many Ukrainian schools. Lviv remains the main cultural center of Ukraine, and most of the country's political figures come from this region.
On September 1, 1939,
Nazi Germany
On 12 September, the German 1st Mountain Division arrived on the outskirts of Lviv and began the siege. Some residents of the Ukrainian and Jewish communities were expelled.
After the Soviet takeover, Polish resistance members were forcibly conscripted into the Soviet-controlled Polish People's Army or sent to prison.
Purge the Jews
Before the war, Lviv had the third largest Jewish population of any Polish city, and with the influx of war refugees, the Jewish population eventually exceeded 200,000. After the Germans entered the city, they massacred Jews, claiming that they were retaliating for the Soviet massacre of the Germanic people.
After the war, Lviv became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Soviet Union undertook a massive migration of the former Polish population to the western territories that Poland had recently acquired from Germany (especially Wroclaw), where most of the former German residents were expelled, or some fled fearing Soviet reprisals. Lviv's original Germanic minority was also displaced or executed. The great migration radically changed the ethnic makeup of the city.
Lviv has long been an important cultural, economic and political center of Ukraine. The Lviv region has a strong pro-European orientation and was home to many of the rebels who staged anti-government demonstrations and riots in Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, during the 2014 unrest.
On 19 February 2014, amid the turmoil in Ukraine, the pro-EU Lviv region announced its secession from Yanukovych's government and was taken over by the Executive Committee of the Lviv Regional Assembly, headed by the Chairman of the Lviv Regional Assembly, Petro Kolodiy.
In the early hours of the night of February 19 local time, the Lviv prosecutor's Office was occupied by protesters, and soon after, the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which supports the central government, successfully forced them down. A few hours later, the Executive Committee of the Lviv Regional Assembly (People's Rada) announced the takeover of the region.
The council also issued a statement accusing Mr. Yanukovych's government of "waging war" on demonstrators in Kiev. "The regime has begun military operations against the population. Dozens of civilians were killed and hundreds injured in Kiev. In order to fulfill the will of society, the Executive Committee of the Lviv Regional Council, for the destiny of the region and its people, assumes full power."
In January 2014, opposition groups announced the ouster of Mayor Orhan Salo and forced him out of office. The state legislature has been under full control of the opposition ever since, but this is the first time they have declared independence.
Troops under the command of the Interior Ministry in western Ukraine have been trapped in their barracks by barricades erected by anti-government elements and in the streets of Lviv
Anti-tank guns
A roadblock. But it remains unclear whether the Ukrainian military will take military action against Lviv. The military refused to confirm reports by the Ukrainian news network that government tanks were approaching the city.
[2]
The climate of Lviv is mild
Temperate continental climate
The coldest January has an average temperature of −4 degrees Celsius, while the hottest June has an average temperature of 18 degrees Celsius. The annual precipitation is 660 mm, and the water volume in summer is obviously insufficient. There are an average of 66 cloudy days per year.
Lviv is a railway hub, with 9 railways radiating from the city. There are many daily trains from Lviv Main railway station, which can reach most cities in Ukraine. Due to its proximity to the western border of Ukraine, there are also several daily trains to Krakow in Poland, Kosice in Slovakia and Budapest in Hungary, with luxury trains running between Kiev and Krakow. The trains were slow by Western European standards, and many were overnight routes with sleeping cars. But the fares are cheap even by Ukrainian standards, for example, hundreds of kilometers from Lviv to the Hungarian and Slovak borders, but only a few euros.
Lviv scenery
Lviv scenery
In addition to extensive rail links, Lviv is also accessible by air. Lviv International Airport is only 6 km from the city center.
The first tram line in Lviv was opened on 5 May 1880. On May 31, 1894, the last horse-powered line was electrified. In 1922, the tram system was changed to run on the right. After the Lviv-Sandomierz offensive in July 1944, the city was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and some lines were closed, but most remained. The Lviv tram has about 220 vehicles and 75 km of track. Most of the tracks are in poor condition, and the trams are in good condition, but there are frequent congestion during rush hour.
On 27 November 1952, trams were replaced with trolleybuses in the city centre. Since then, some new lines have been opened to the suburban apartments, and Lviv has about 220 trolleybuses, most of them from the 1960s.
Lviv's bus network is poorly developed, with few routes and relatively cheap prices. Suburban lines run by minibuses reach most towns in the region, including Shehyni on the Polish border.
Historically, Lviv was one of the most important sports centers in Central Europe. The first professional football club Czarni Lwow was founded in 1903 and the first stadium opened in 1913, Lviv is home to several important professional football clubs and many smaller clubs. Founded in 1963, Lviv Carpathian Football Club currently plays in the Ukrainian Premier League.
The market economy of Lviv is one of the fastest growing in Ukraine, due to its large population size (it is one of the largest cities in Ukraine), which classifies Lviv as a lower middle-income city according to the World Bank classification criteria.
Despite its many challenges, the city is still very busy; The streets are full of energy. The streets were crowded with vegetables, fruit, meat, cakes, books, clothes and clothes for sale
Tourist souvenir
The peddlers have completely abandoned the Soviet-era system. There are many restaurants and shops that sell all kinds of goods, including expensive goods made in the West.
Lviv is an interesting mix of past and present, with farmers from the countryside selling their pottery on the street on one side and a mobile phone shop in a medieval building next door selling the latest Nokia phones.
The large size of the banking and financial sector, with its many banks and trading houses scattered throughout the city, testifies to the fact that the Livvos have succeeded in making the transition from a shock therapy economy to a market economy.
Main article: List of universities in Ukraine
Lviv is one of the most important educational centers in Ukraine, with 3 key universities and many smaller higher education institutions. There are 8 institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, more than 40 research institutes, 3 junior colleges and 11 state colleges. The 3 universities are:
University of Lviv
(Л ь kind guide yongjiang kind guide с ь seem и й н а ц yongjiang о н а л ь н и й н yongjiang kind guide е р с и т е т yongjiang м е н yongjiang І kind guide а н а Ф р а н seem а),
Lviv Polytechnic Institute
(Н а ц yongjiang о н а л ь н и й н yongjiang kind guide е р с и т е т "Л ь kind guide yongjiang kind guide с ь seem а п о л yongjiang т е х н yongjiang seem а", seem о р п с № 15, Profesorska Street) and
Ukrainian Catholic University
(У seem р а ї н с ь seem и й К а т о л и ц ь seem и й У н yongjiang kind guide е р с и т е т), one is the university of lvov Ukraine's oldest university.
[5-7]
Ballet theatre
Among the many historical properties of Lviv, the one that Lviv people are most proud of is the one that was built in 1900
Lviv opera and
The Ballet Theater.
[9]
It is the most glorious legacy of Lviv architecture, history and culture and has long been a symbol of Lviv. In 1895, Gorgolevsky, president of the Lviv Higher Technical School, stood out among many famous European architects and became the architect of the Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater. Therefore, in the eyes of Livov and many visitors from all over the world, this magnificent, gorgeous and elegant theater is no less than the world-renowned Vienna Bolshoi and Moscow Bolshoi.
Lviv at night
Lviv at night
Lviv Academy of Fine Arts
Lviv State Academy of Arts
It is located in the center of Lviv, a major town in western Ukraine. Lviv is known as the little Paris. It has beautiful scenery, unique architectural style, a long history and twists and turns, and an eclectic culture. It is not only a tourist destination in Eastern Europe, but also a famous hometown of people.
[8]
In 2010, UNESCO designated it as the Ancient Capital of Europe and has begun funding for the construction of ancient buildings. Founded in 1876, the Lviv Academy of Arts has a long history and rich cultural heritage. Its characteristics have two: first, the teaching is full of characteristics, practical decorative arts and design arts and other professional leading, renowned in the world; Second, it has obvious geographical and cultural advantages, and frequent and close exchanges with Eastern and Western European countries, which is conducive to inclusiveness, promoting strengths and avoiding weaknesses.
Lviv's historic buildings date back to the 13th century. Over the following centuries, the city was spared several wars and invasions, while many other Ukrainian cities were destroyed. Its architecture reflects the influence of architectural styles from various European countries and different historical periods. After two major fires in 1527 and 1556, Lviv lost most of its Gothic architecture. It has preserved a large number of Renaissance, Baroque architecture and
Classical architecture
Style of representative architecture. Works by artists from the Vienna Secession, Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements have also been preserved.
Many castles and churches of various styles from ancient times dot the landscape of the city center, and these buildings are covered with many stone carvings.
In 1998, UNESCO included the Historic Center of Lviv on the World Heritage List. Reasons are as follows:
Criterion ii: Lviv's urban structure and architecture is an outstanding example of the fusion of Eastern European, Italian and German architecture and art. Criterion v: Lviv's political and commercial status has attracted many ethnic groups with different cultural and religious traditions, who have established different but interdependent social groups, a legacy that can still be found in modern cities.
Lviv is an important religious center of Ukraine. The city is the main center of Roman Catholicism in Ukraine and was the center of the Eastern Catholic Church of Ukraine until 21 August 2005. Of all religious buildings, about 35% belong to the Ukrainian Orthodox Catholic Church, 11.5% belong to the Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church, 9% belong to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kiev Archdiocese, and 6% belong to the Latin Liturgical Roman Catholic Church.
As of 2005, Lviv is home to two cardinals: Cardinal Lubomyr Husar of the Catholic Church of Eastern Ukraine, and Cardinal Marian Jaworski of the Roman Catholic Church.
In June 2001, Pope John Paul II visited Lviv, where he visited the Latin Liturgical Cathedral of Lviv, the Cathedral of St. George and the Cathedral of the Armenian Church.
Cathedral of the Armenian Church
Cathedral of the Armenian Church
There is hardly a nation in the world that did not value the preservation of its own unique identity, as the pressure for unity increased in the late 20th century. One method often used to preserve national identity is the establishment of ethnographic museums, which actually started 100 years ago. The National Handicraft Museum in Lviv is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. It was formed in the 1950s by the merger of two museums founded in the late 19th century. Important figures in the Ukrainian cultural community strongly supported the establishment of the ethnographic Museum, which would allow for a very distinctive collection of objects reflecting the life of people in both urban and rural areas. They suggested that a more creative variety of handicrafts should also be displayed.
City streets of Lviv
City streets of Lviv
Lviv Museum
It has about 83,000 exhibits, some of which are stored away because there is not enough space in the hall.
[4]
In fact, the museum's antique furniture, pottery, glasswork, plates and tea sets are displayed in one place, while the artificial art is displayed in another. Recently a new research center for national culture was established at the National Institute of Culture of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. The director of the institute, Stepan Pavlyuk, is a young, strong and enterprising doctor of philosophy. Researchers work closely with museums, organize expeditions, collect antiques, art and artifacts of national character, and send researchers and ethnographers to various places to record folklore and folk songs.
Local students often visit museums where they can see for themselves things they read about in history textbooks that have long since disappeared from everyday life, such as: Farmers' wagons, nailed up with many nails, wooden spoons and kitchen utensils of all kinds, pottery of all ages, embroidered aprons and shirts, spectacles, candlesticks, tack, stirrups and combs made of all kinds of materials, candelabra, antique bottles, whistles, were hung around the neck or on the wall, as well as powder boxes, ink bottles, pocketbooks, There are too many of these and the like to list them all in a single article. Many things have their own names, and no dictionary, no matter how large, can find out how they should be named in any other language. For example, a zgarda is a necklace made of coins.
The museum has not only Ukrainian antiquities, but also antiques from other places, especially some antique furniture, from which you can see the culture of the 15th and 16th centuries. Ceramics of all kinds are on display, as are thousands of outstanding handmade clocks and watches and their intricate designs that have been on display for centuries. Of great interest are the colorful Easter eggs - a huge collection of Ukrainian history, with 12,000 patterns designed to capture the attention of every visitor. The creator's original mind and exquisite production will always be envied.
The Old Town of Lviv is the main tourist area of the city, and the architecture is mainly concentrated here.
Ploshcha Rynok Market Square, 185,000 square meters. Black Market Armenian Catholic Lviv Cathedral Orthodox Lviv Cathedral with Korniakt Bell Tower Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Ascension (Latin Rite Catholic) Ukrainian Greek Catholic Cathedral of St. George Dominican Church of the Eucharist Boim Family Chapel Lviv High Castle, It overlooks the old city of Lublin, Union mound Lychakivskiy Cemetery.
From July 25 to August 20, 1920, during the war against landlord-bourgeois Poland, the Southwestern Front of the Soviet Army carried out an offensive campaign to crush the Polish Lviv Group and capture Lviv. By 23 July, the Southwestern Front (commanded by Yegorov and members of the Revolutionary Military Council by Stalin and Belzin), under the command of the 1st Cavalry Army (commanded by Bujonny), the 12th and 14th Armies, had inflicted heavy blows on the Polish army in the areas of Rovno, Dubno, Kamenets-Podolsky, and Proskurov. Earlier, the Western Front had advanced to the lines of Grodno and Slonim, and successfully attacked the Vistula River. Tukhachevsky, the commander of the Western Front, mistakenly believed that the Front could capture Warsaw on its own.
Map of the Battle of Lviv
Map of the Battle of Lviv
General Kamenev agreed and ordered the Southwest Front to carry out the main assault not on Lublin but on Lviv. In accordance with this resolution, from the end of July, the Western Front and the Southwest Front attacked in different directions. The task of the Southwest Front was: the 1st Cavalry Army (4 cavalry divisions, 3 infantry divisions) should capture Lviv, Russian Lava and the crossing of the SAN River by 29 July; The 14th Army should attack Ternopol and Nikolayev; The 12th Army should attack Heum and Lublin to secure the campaign. Before the Battle of Lviv began, the overall strength balance of the two sides was in favor of the enemy, and the Polish Army launched a heavy group of the 3rd, 2nd, and 6th armies on the southwest front.
At the beginning of the battle, the First Cavalry Army made the greatest gains. By the end of 26 July, the Army Group had captured Brod. On 28 July, he reached the Stri River between Tolgovica and Yasinov, threatening Lviv. As the Cavalry Army posed the greatest threat, the Polish Command engaged the main force of the Second Army against it, which counterattacked and forced the Cavalry Army to retreat to Brod. However, the Polish Army failed to extend its gains, and as the Western Front captured Brest on 2 August, the Polish Army began to move parts of the 2nd Army and 6th Army to the Lublin area and Warsaw. While the Cavalry Army counterattacked superior enemy forces, the rest of the Southwest Front continued to advance westward: the 12th Army forced its way across the Stri and Stohold rivers, liberated Covelli on 4 August, and approached the Sibg River; The 14th Army advanced to the Siret River and began to cross it.
On 11 August, due to a gap between the two fronts that disrupted coordination, General Kamenev ordered the Southwestern Front to suspend the Lviv campaign and redeploy the 12th Army and 1st Cavalry Army to support the Western Front. This order was resisted by the chiefs of the Southwest Front, who on 12 August ordered the 1st Cavalry Army to renew its assault on Lviv. Following this order, the 1st Cavalry Army moved into the offensive on 13 August, and fought hard to recapture Brod on 14 August. On 13 August, Commander-in-Chief Kamenev again ordered the Southwestern Front to stop attacking Lviv and transferred the 12th Army and 1st Cavalry Army to the Western Front. However, the 1st Cavalry Army met the Polish resistance on the Bug River and got into a protracted battle, and did not actually begin to withdraw its troops from the battle until 20 August, thus failing to capture Lviv.
The defeat of the 1st Cavalry Army was due to the fact that it had been weakened in the battle for Brod, and that the terrain and the heavily fortified Lviv area were not conducive to cavalry operations. The 1st Cavalry Army was held up near Lviv and failed to advance to the aid of the Western Front in time, thus affecting the outcome of the battle in the direction of Warsaw (see Battle of Warsaw). After the Cavalry Army was transferred to the West, the 14th Army was given the task of liberating Lviv. But the 14th Army lacked the necessary strength and weaponry to accomplish this task. Overwhelmed by superior enemy forces, the Army was initially forced to shift to the defensive and then retreated east. The failure of the Lviv campaign was the result of an overestimation of the Soviet command's own strength, an underestimation of the enemy's strength, and repeated mistakes in planning and conducting the campaigns of the southwestern and Western Fronts.
|
city
|
nation
|
years
|
|---|---|---|
|
Winnipeg
|
Canada
|
1973
|
|
Freiburg
|
Germany
|
1989
|
|
Rzeszow
|
Poland
|
1992
|
|
Rockdale
|
Britain
|
1992
|
|
Budapest
|
Hungary
|
1993
|
|
Israel
|
1993
|
|
|
Przemeil
|
Poland
|
1995
|
|
Krakow
|
Poland
|
1995
|
|
Grozny
|
Russia
|
1998
|
|
Novisa
|
Serbia
|
1999
|
|
Samarkand
|
Uzbekistan
|
2000
|
|
Hebi City
|
China
[3]
|
2001
|
|
Kutaisi
|
Georgia
|
2002
|
|
Leslav
|
Poland
|
2003
|
|
Rhoades
|
Poland
|
2003
|
|
Banja Luka
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
2004
|
|
Lublin
|
Poland
|
2004
|
|
St. Petersburg
|
Russia
|
2006
|
