Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
Lutheranism
broadcast
Upload video
All church groups based on Martin Luther's religious thought
Lutheranism is a general term for various church groups based on Martin Luther's religious thought, and because of its core doctrine of "justification by faith", it is also called Lutheranism, which is the product of the German religious Reform movement, founded by Martin Luther in 1529 in Germany, the establishment of this new sect, marking the birth of Protestantism. At present, the believers are mainly distributed in more than 100 countries and regions such as the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland), Estonia, Latvia, Germany and the United States, and there are 427 independent church groups in the world, with about 68.4 million believers.
- Chinese name
- Lutheranism
- Foreign name
- Lutheranism
- Faith population
- About 68.4 million
- founder
- Martin Luther
- between
- In 1529
the Book of Concord, compiled in 1583, includes three new texts: The Nicene Creed, the Apostles Creed, the Athanasian Creed, Martin Luther's Catechism, the Schmalcalder Creed, Melanchthon's Augsburg Creed, and so on.
Lutheranism generally held that:
(I) "Justification by faith" holds that only true faith in Christ can make people righteous, that is, sinless, saved, noble, and eternal, and that they cannot be saved by keeping the law, moral precepts, and external good works. Only with pure faith can a person become a true Christian, and external good deeds are only the inevitable result of pure faith.
(b) To emphasize the supreme authority of the Bible, which is the revelation of God and therefore the sole source and principle of faith, with which all doctrines, rites, and institutions are to be consistent.
(c) Adhere to the "lay believers are priests", that is, every Christian has equal status and rights in the church, can serve as a priest, and therefore should not have any privileges.
(d) Starting from the principle of "justification by faith" and not attaching importance to the unity of church forms and institutions, different church systems, such as episcopacy, congregationalism or Presbyterianism, exist in different Lutheran communities. It has state religion status in Northern Europe.
(e) The practice of the two sacraments of baptism and Holy Communion, the prominent preaching and singing of hymns, the practice of infant baptism, and the recognition of Holy Communion as sacred.
Lutheranism spread to Northern Europe and parts of Western Europe in the 16th century, and began to spread to North America in the mid-18th century. Because of the complex immigrant background, the scattered Lutheran churches never united. The American Civil War intensified the divide between the churches of the North and the South. It was not until the end of World War I that the Lutheran Church in America began to merge. From the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, Lutheranism gradually spread to some countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America while the Western powers carried out extensive colonial expansion.
After the end of World War II, faced with the complicated international situation, the dispersion of the church community and many new problems, Lutheranism emphasized the strengthening of unity and unity of understanding, and actively carried out missionary work. To this end, the Lutheran World League (LWF) was founded in Sweden in 1947 on the basis of full consultation, marking a new stage in the worldwide union of Lutheranism. Since then, the Union has actively promoted ecumenical movements within and outside the Church, focusing on changes in the social and political situation. In 1957, the organization highlighted the theme of "freedom, unity, reform and service" at the Neapolis General Assembly, and adjusted the Lutheran missionary policy in response to the rising national independence movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America. At the missionary conference, the organization proposed three tasks: financial support for the emerging independent churches in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and cooperation in work. Members were sent to train local clergy, and Lutheran communities in each country tackled problems and activities in their own countries.
After World War II, most of the Lutheran churches in East and West Germany were initially unified and participated in the "Evangelical Church", with a common leadership body and coordinated activities, so the church became a special link between the two Germans during the Cold War, which determined that the Lutheran Church in Germany always paid great attention to the vital political issues of East-West relations. Although the churches differed in their attitudes towards state politics, their basic position was, on the one hand, the recognition that both German governments were established by God and that Christians should be subject to state power, and, on the other hand, the conditional recognition of government actions and measures. After 1968, the East and West Lutheran churches largely broke off joint activities. The Lutheran Church has always supported the reunification of Germany. It also advocates peaceful coexistence between East and West, cessation of the development of nuclear weapons and disarmament, but some churches believe that nuclear weapons are justified as a means of defense. In response to the inequality of the rich and the poor in the economic development of the country, Lutheran Religion in West Germany also proposed a fair distribution of means of production and wealth.
The Lutheran Church in Sweden, Norway and Denmark has the status of a state church, and the church is subject to legislative and financial restrictions by parliament and the government. Its theological position is more conservative and less changeable. After the war, however, there was a growing demand for the separation of church and state, both inside and outside the church. In 1953, Sweden enacted a law to expand citizens' freedom of religious choice, partially removing restrictions on religious belief in public education and government office. At the same time, there were also calls for the advancement of women within the Church in Northern Europe. In 1958, the Swedish Parliament passed an act allowing the church to ordre women, and in 1960 women priests began to be ordained, but their powers and roles were still limited, and there was disagreement within the church on the matter, and it was not until 1979 that equality between men and women in the church was officially recognized.
In the 1950s and mid-1960s, Lutheranism in the United States experienced a period of continuous development, "revival", the number of churches and believers increased greatly, and the pace of union of church groups accelerated. Between 1960 and 1962, a number of small, scattered Church groups merged into the American LutheranChurch and the LutheranChurch in America. The older, conservative Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod in the United States also began to change its rigid attitude and to engage in dialogue and cooperation with other Lutheran churches and other denominations. However, as the fundamentalists regained the leadership of the Church, further unity within Lutheranism stalled.
In the mid-1960s, new thoughts and social movements were emerging in the United States, and the African-American civil rights movement and the feminist movement were surging, and the growth rate of Lutheran believers began to stall, and even appeared to decline. The three major church groups formed the Liturgical Reform Committee in 1965, which sought to make some modest changes to liturgy while preserving the Gospel tradition. At the same time, the church theoretically emphasized the importance of caring about social practical issues in order to change its old image of not caring about social and political issues, but these activities were opposed by conservative forces within the church. In order to attract more believers, it also reflected on traditional evangelical activities, proposed new methods such as mobile missionary and inter-church missionary, and used young people as church leaders to facilitate the absorption of young believers.
After the mid-1970s, the decline in the number of Lutherans in the United States slowed, but did not stop. Because Pentecostals had a certain influence on Lutheranism during this period, attracting the interest of some believers, and in connection with this, Fundamentalists increased their influence. These changes have caused reflection among other Lutheran communities, which have adopted a more active and flexible approach to promoting union. After long negotiations, The Lutheran Church in America (ALC), Lutheran Church of America (LCA), and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (AELC) merged in May 1987 to form The Evangelicae Lutheran Church in America. The Church adopted the Lutheran Book of Worship, completed in 1978, which retained the Gospel tradition while making some changes to adapt to reality. It has 5.4 million followers in the United States. The journal "Lutheran". In addition, the churches have paid great attention to discussing bioethics such as abortion and the morality of homosexuality.
The Lutheran religious groups in Asia, Africa and Latin America, driven by the rising national independence movement, accelerated the process of the naturalization movement. For example, the Lutheran Church in Latin America held the fourth Consultative Conference in Lima in July 1965, which emphasized the unity of the church in the region, getting rid of foreign control, striving for social equality, and expanding missionary work.
Since the 1970s, under the leadership of the Lutheran World League, Lutheranism International has been very active in the ecumenical movement, missionary work and the struggle for social justice and world peace. In the ecumenical movement, it advocates "Reconciled diversity" - dialogue and unity, while recognizing and protecting the characteristics of different denominations. On this basis, the Union and the Lutheran Churches of a number of countries have engaged in extensive contacts and dialogue with the Catholic Church, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Anglican and Baptist churches, exchanging views on theological and social issues and publishing many relevant documents. This dialogue has a tendency to develop at the grass-roots level of the Church, in addition to seeking to develop relations with other religions and ideologies in the world. Including Marxist dialogue. In the field of missionary work, the Lutheran World Alliance urges its churches to vigorously promote evangelical missionary work and encourage the self-governance of churches in all countries, regions and at the grass-roots level. At the same time, they are called upon to strengthen the coordination and cooperation of missionary work. As the influence of Lutheranism declined in Europe and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, while it increased in Asia, Africa and Latin America, it paid more attention to the Third World.
In 1977, the sixth Lutheran General Assembly was held in Dar es Salaam, which was the first time that the General Assembly was held in the Southern Hemisphere, reflecting the rising status of the Church in the Third World, and also indicating that the Church in the Third World countries began to form a force.
In 1987, a group of Black clergy and churchmen in Central and Southern Africa and the United States founded the Conference of International Black Lutherans to offer their own independent views on issues such as Lutheran theological unity and traditional African religions. On social issues, most Lutheran churches have adopted a more realistic attitude and position, advocating the principle of "justice" in dealing with social issues, opposing war and arms race, and calling for the easing of international tensions. Advocating "human rights" and opposing the apartheid system in South Africa; Advocate the preservation of the ecological environment; Call for the elimination of social poverty.
On October 31, 1999, high representatives of the Lutheran World League and the Catholic Church signed a Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Evangelism in Augsburg, Germany.
On July 23, 2006, the Lutheran World League, the World Methodist Council, and the Roman Catholic Church met at the World Methodist Conference in South Korea. Signed the historic Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (JDDJ). This statement affirms the consensus on "justification by faith."
On 19 January 2009, Pope Benedict XVI held the traditional Ecumenical audience with a Lutheran delegation that had come to Rome to celebrate St. Henrik's Day. The meeting took place at the start of the 101st Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
On the morning of December 16, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI received the Rev. Muniber Yunan, President of the Lutheran World League, and his delegation.
Lutheranism has a history of more than 460 years. It was the earliest of the Protestant denominations; In theological theory, it has a great influence on other denominations; It is also the more numerous sect. With the exception of a few fundamentalists, the majority of its churches hold evangelical theological ideas and take care to incorporate certain new theological perspectives. It attaches great importance to social reality issues and pays attention to play a role and exert influence in social and political life.
The Lutheran WorldFederation, also known as the World Lutheran Federation or the WorldFederation of Lutheran Churches.
The EvangelicaeLutheran Church in America (USA)
Martin Luther
The religious reformer.
Oh, Melanchthon
(Philip Melanchthon, 1497-1560), religious reformer.
P.Melanchton (1497-1560) was a German educator who founded the Latin High School.
J.Sturm (1507-1589) was a German educator who founded a grammar school.
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel
FriedrichWilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852) was a German educator known as the "father of early childhood education". Johann Sebastian bach (J. S. bach) is a famous musician of the Baroque period.
