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Product certification
Legal terms
Product certification: Confirmation by a trusted third party that a product or service complies with a specific standard or otherwise
Technical specification
The activity. Product certification is divided into compulsory certification and voluntary certification.
International organization for Standardization
(ISO) defines product certification as "the assessment of an enterprise by a third party through inspection.
Quality management system
And sample
Type test
To confirm whether the company's products, processes or services meet specific requirements and whether they have sustained and stable production
Meet the standard
The process of asking for product capability and giving written proof."
- Chinese name
- Product certification
- Development time
- Early 20th century
- use
- Product safety, quality, environmental protection and other evaluation
- Region of origin
- China
catalogue
- 1Organization profile
- 2Brief history of development
- 3National standard
- 4sort
- ▪Compulsory certification
- ▪non-mandatory
- 5Document background
- 6Main content
- ▪Type inspection approval
- ▪Supervision and inspection
- ▪Supervision and inspection
- 7Detailed information
- ▪CCC certification
- ▪CCEE certification
- ▪CCIB certification
Most of the world
Country and region
Set up its own product certification body, using different certification marks to mark the certification of products
Relevant standard
The degree of compliance, such as UL American underwriters laboratory safety test and identification certification, CE EU safety certification, VDE Germany
Electrical engineer
Association certification, China CCC mandatory product certification and CCTP (referred to as bud) mark.
If an enterprise's product has passed the product certification of the famous national certification body, it can obtain the "certification certificate" issued by the national certification body, and allow the certification mark to be affixed to the certified product. This internationally recognized and effective certification method can enable enterprises or organizations to establish a good reputation and credibility through product certification
Brand image
At the same time, customers and consumers can also identify the quality and safety of goods through certification marks. At present, governments all over the world have established this product certification system through the form of legislation to ensure the quality and safety of products and safeguard the vital interests of consumers, which has become a new barrier to international trade.
Human society
The quality activities can be traced back
Ancient times
Accompanied by society
productivity
and
Commodity Exchange
The development and become increasingly important. The Industrial Revolution that took place in the 18th century brought about a fundamental change in quality activities, which was accompanied by early product certification and
Quality control
. The product certification system and quality management activities in the modern sense began at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, after more than 100 years of development, from spontaneous local needs, into regional and national conscious activities, until today's formation
System theory
Guiding international conformity assessment activities.
National standard
It refers to the approval and promulgation of the national standardization authority,
Technological development
It has great significance and uniform standards across the country. National standards are uniform throughout the country
Technical requirement
, standardized by The State Council
Administrative department
Prepare the plan, coordinate the project division of labor, organize the formulation (including revision), and unify the approval, numbering and release. Where the law provides otherwise for the formulation of national standards, the provisions of the law shall prevail. The duration of the national standard is generally 5 years, after which the national standard is revised or reformulated. Besides, with the development of society,
National needs
Develop new standards to meet the needs of people's production and life. Therefore, the standard is kind
Dynamic information
.
National standards are divided into mandatory national standards (
GB
) and recommended national standards (
GB/T
). The number of the national standard is issued by the code name of the national standard or the national standard
Serial number
And the year number issued by the national standard (using the last two digits of the year issued). The mandatory national standard is the guarantee
Human health
Standards and laws for the safety of persons and property, and
Administrative regulations
stipulate
enforce
The national standard; Recommended national standard refers to the production, exchange, use and other aspects, passed
Economic means
or
Market regulation
And voluntary adoption of national standards. However, once the recommended national standard is accepted and adopted, or the parties agree to include it
Economic contract
It becomes the technical basis that all parties must abide by and is legally binding.
"
Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China
"Will
Chinese standard
Divided into national standards,
Industry standard
,
Local standard
(DB),
Enterprise standard
(QB) Level 4. By the end of 2003, China had a total of 20,906 national standards (excluding
Engineering construction standard
).
The release of national standards for engineering construction is mainly issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.
According to the type of certification, China's current product certification can be divided into:
National mandatory product certification
And non-mandatory product certification.
Mandatory product certification system
In order to protect the safety of consumers and the lives of animals and plants,
Protect the environment
To protect national security, according to
Laws and regulations
Implementation of a product
Conformity assessment
System, which requires that products must meet national standards and
Technical regulations
.
Mandatory product certification
It is through the development of mandatory product certification of the product catalog and the implementation of mandatory products
Certification program
The implementation of mandatory testing and auditing of products included in the Catalogue. Wherever included
Mandatory product certification directory
Within the product, there is no designated certification body
Certification certificate
Without the application of certification marks in accordance with the provisions, it shall not be imported, may not be sold out of the factory and used in business services.
China compulsory product certification
, also known as
China compulsory certification
(English:
C
hina
C
ompulsory
C
ertification, short for
CCC
, can also be referred to as the "3C" logo), is
People's Republic of China
Implementation of national standards, is
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
(
AQSIQ
) and the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China (CNCA) issued on 3 December 2001.
Mandatory product certification management provisions
"(
Order of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
No. 5) Enacted by the CNCA and implemented on 1 May 2002. According to The State Council authorized the newly established national "Accreditation Administration"
Job function
Implement a mandatory product certification system. This system requires product certification to be accredited in accordance with ISO/IEC Guideline 65 and should be authorized by the government. Accreditation Commission on products
Mandatory certification
A new unified "China Certification" logo will be used (
CCC mark
), the implementation of internal and external consistent new certification fee standards to further rectify and standardize the market.
AQSIQ
Has authorized China import and export quality
Certification center
(CQC) to carry out product certification (CCC mark) related work. At the same time, CQC carries out non-mandatory product certification in accordance with ISO/IEC Guideline 65 assessment and accreditation. CQC is the National Quality Inspection Administration according to the"
Law of the People's Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection
Professional certification bodies with third-party impartiality set up by "and its Implementing Regulations". The CQC branch is on board
International certification federation
(
IQNET
) and
International electrotechnical commission
Electrical Products Conformity Testing and Certification Organization (
IECEE
And became China's National Certification Body (NCB).
Non-mandatory product certification is the certification of products not listed in the national certification catalogue, is a voluntary behavior of enterprises, known as "voluntary product certification". The recently approved CECC (China Electricity Union Certification Center) is the representative of the power industry for electromechanical products
Voluntary certification
the
Third party agency
, yes
China Electricity Council
Belonging only can be carried out simultaneously
System certification
And mechanical and electrical product certification institutions, product certification covers 20 categories
Electric power industry
Products required.
globalize
The trend of rapid change
Buying behavior
Increasingly fierce competition... In this era of constant development, today's consumers are buying reassuring goods. In addition to considering a certain price/performance ratio, they
Consumption expectation
It is increasingly associated with the requirements of product safety, quality and the environment. Therefore, we say that the certification mark is the key to the market.
The main contents of product certification assessment are:
impartiality
;
Legal status
; Competence (product certification requires professional competence) and
Quality system
. Adopted by China
Product certification system
It mainly includes four basic elements: quality system (environmental system) inspection and evaluation;
Type inspection
; Supervision, inspection and
Supervision and inspection
. The first two elements are necessary to obtain product certification
Basic condition
The last two elements are the supervision measures after product certification.
Type inspection for certification purposes is carried out by a certification body on one or more of the products
representativeness
The process of proving, through a series of tests and reasonable evaluation, whether the tested sample meets its corresponding standards. It is the product
Safety certification
The first important link. The type inspection is based on the relevant national standards of the product. The number of samples required for inspection is based on the certification body
Laboratory test
Is determined by the requirements. The sampling site is from
manufacturer
the
Final product
Random selection. Type inspection must be approved by the state or
CQC
Approved, independent
Inspection organization
Proceed. If there are individual special inspection items, the inspection agency lacks the required inspection equipment, you can use the manufacturer's inspection equipment for inspection under the supervision of an independent inspection agency or certification body.
Quality system (environmental system) inspection and evaluation
Companies want to guarantee
Product quality
And continue to meet the requirements of the standard, it must be established according to the specific situation of the enterprise
Quality management system
. Rely only on the final product
Sampling inspection
To carry out product certification is incomplete. Even the sampling inspection based on statistics can only prove the quality of a product batch, and cannot prove whether the products produced after the factory continue to meet the requirements of the standard. Through the inspection and evaluation of the enterprise quality management system to prove that the enterprise has the ability to continuously and stably produce products that meet the requirements of the standard
Practice proves
A practical way to do it.
When the application for certification of the product through the certification, how to maintain the stability of product quality and safety, to maintain the production plant products continue to meet the standard requirements, it must be regularly certified products
Supervision and inspection
. Supervision and inspection is to take samples from the final product of the production enterprise or the market, and to be inspected by an accredited, independent inspection agency. If the test results continue to meet the requirements of the standard, the continued use of the mark is allowed; If the test results do not meet the requirements of the standard, necessary measures shall be taken according to the specific circumstances to prevent the continued use of products that do not meet the standard
Certification mark
. Supervision inspection items are not carried out in accordance with all the requirements of the inspection regulations, it is important to check those items related to manufacturing. In particular, the quality and safety of customers have more opinions. The cycle of supervision and inspection is usually once a year.
Supervision and inspection is the regular review of the quality assurance ability of the production enterprise, so that the enterprise insists on the implementation of the quality system that has been established, so as to ensure the stability of product quality. This is a supervisory measure to certify quality. The internal inspection of supervision and inspection is simpler than the first system inspection, and the focus is to check whether the nonconformance items of the previous inspection have been effectively corrected, and whether the modification of the quality (environment) system has reached the quality and quality
Environmental index
The requirements of.
Electronic product certification book
No matter what kind of industry in the world, the electronic appliances used have passed a variety of products
Safety certification
(This does not include products made in "underground factories", of course.) Why have security certification? This is also a safety commitment of each manufacturer to its own products, related to radiation, electrical safety, personal safety and so on.
Your monitor and your
Computer power supply
Are there many signs on the POWER? If not, be careful, those products are not guaranteed. Do you understand what these certifications and their markings mean? Here is a brief introduction to some of the most common security certifications in the computer information industry, hoping to help you in the future hardware procurement.
China's mandatory product certification has been implemented since May 1, 2002, and the name of the certification mark is"
China compulsory certification
(CCC, abbreviation of China Compulsory Certification). Against included countries
Quality supervision
Inspection and quarantine
The General Administration of China and the Certification and Accreditation Administration issued the"
The first batch of products to implement mandatory product certification
The products are subject to mandatory testing and auditing.
Where the products listed in the catalogue have not been certified by the designated agency, they shall not be allowed to leave the factory, import, sell or use in business services without labeling the certification mark in accordance with the provisions. After the implementation of the China compulsory certification mark, it will gradually replace the original implementation of the"
The Great Wall
"Logo and" CCIB "logo. The original "Great Wall" logo and the "CCIB" logo were abolished on May 1, 2003.
CCEE
The certification mark --
Great Wall sign
China Electrical Products Certification Committee
(CCEE) was established in 1984 under the English name of China Commission for Conformity Certification of Electrical Equipment (hereinafter referred to as CCEE), which represents China
International electrotechnical commission
The only institution of the electrical product Safety Certification Organization (IECEE) is the national certification organization in the field of electrical products in China, and CCEE is set up under the CCEE
Electrical equipment
, electronic products, household appliances,
Lighting equipment
Four sub-committees. Now defunct.
CCIB stands for China Commodity Inspection Bureau (CCIB).
Safety and quality licensing system for imported commodities
It is the State Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau (SACI)
Imported goods
Implemented security
Certification system
All goods listed in the catalogue of SACI import safety quality licensing system must pass product safety
Type test
And factory production and testing conditions review, after qualified, add CCIB
Commodity inspection
Safety sign
Shall be permitted to export and sell to China. Commonly found on authentic imported equipment, electrical appliances. Now defunct.
CE marking
The use of the CE mark is now more and more, indicating that it is in line with safety, health, environmental protection and
Consumer protection
A series of European directives to express the requirements. CE representative
European Community
(CONFORMITY EUROPEAN). CE is limited to the basic safety requirements of products that do not endanger the safety of humans, animals and goods, not in general
Quality requirement
General quality requirements are standard tasks.
If the product meets the main requirements related to the relevant quality, it can add the CE mark, rather than determining whether the CE mark can be used according to the provisions of the relevant standards for general quality. Therefore, the accurate meaning is that the CE mark is a safety conformity mark rather than a quality conformity mark.
CQC
Organization name
for
China Quality Certification Center
Now China compulsory certification
CCC certification
Be borne by it. To obtain the CQC product certification certificate and attach the CQC product certification mark means that the product is certified by the national certification body as safe and in line with the national response
Quality standard
.
CSA is
Canadian standards association
(Canadian Standards Association) It was established in 1919, electronic, electrical and other products sold in the North American market need to obtain safety certification. Currently the CSA is
Canada
The largest security certification body and one of the most famous security certification bodies in the world. It can be used on machinery, building materials, electrical appliances,
Computer equipment
,
Office equipment
Safety certification is provided for all types of products in the fields of environmental protection, medical fire safety, sports and entertainment.
ETL
SEMKO
Provides testing and certification of product safety,
EMC testing
Any electrical, mechanical or electromechanical product bearing the ETL inspection mark indicates that it has been tested to meet the relevant industry standards. Among them, ETL certification is a product safety certification, the content of the certification is basically the same as UL, but the cost is lower than UL, and the cycle is shorter.
FCC:
The Federal Communications Commission
Because the FCC has developed quite a few involved
Electronic equipment
the
Electromagnetic compatibility
And operator
Personal safety
A series of product quality and performance standards, and these standards have been widely used and recognized by many countries in the world's technical supervision departments or similar bodies.
Therefore, electronic products are produced in various manufacturers
Technical manual
It is often printed with a certificate of compliance with a standard issued by the FCC, or a statement of compliance with an FCC standard. Applied to computer devices
FCC certification
Mainly about the product electromagnetic compatibility and radiation limits and other standards.
GS certification is based on the German Product Safety Law (SGS), in accordance with the EU harmonized standard EN or German industrial standards
DIN
A voluntary certification for testing is
European market
Recognized German safety certification mark.
GS mark
Indicates that the safety of the product has passed
Public trust
the
Independent institution
The test. Unlike CE, the GS mark does not
Legal compulsion
Required, but because of it
Safety awareness
It has penetrated into ordinary consumers, and an electrical appliance with the GS mark may have greater competitiveness than ordinary products in the market.
UL is an Underwriter Laboratories
Inc.
UL was founded in 1894. UL Safety Testing Institute is the most authoritative in the United States, and is also the largest civilian organization engaged in safety testing and identification. It is an independent, non-profit, for
Public safety
A professional organization that conducts experiments.
It uses science
Test method
To study and determine whether various materials, devices, products, equipment, buildings, etc. are harmful to life and property and the degree of harm; Determine, compile and distribute appropriate standards and information that can help to reduce and prevent loss of life and property, and conduct fact-finding operations.
In accordance with
Russia
According to the law, "entry into the customs territory of the Russian Federation requires a compulsory certificate.
Commodity list
Only the goods in the Russian National Standard Metrology Committee issued the national standards
Certificate of conformity
(
GOST
Certificate) to enter the Russian market. For the vast majority of Chinese goods, as long as they have obtained the Russian national PCT standard certification, it is equivalent to getting into the Russian country
pass
.
TUV (German:
Technischer Überwachungsverein
, English:
Technical Inspection Association
) is the abbreviation of the German Technical Supervision Association. At present, the larger TUV organizations are TUV SUD, TUV Rheinland, TUV NORD, of which TUV SUD is the largest (2016 global sales of 2.3 billion euros, 23,000 employees, 850 branches). All products sold to Germany, its safety standards must be passed
TUV certification
Therefore, the TUV certification mark and the above five marks also appear on a variety of IT products and household appliances.
PSE is Japan Electrical Safety Certification, the electrical appliances of Japan
Product market
Great, while Japanese consumers on electrical appliances
Product safety
Also attaches great importance to. Since April 1, 2001, the Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law, which has been in force in Japan for many years, It has been replaced by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law, and most household or commercial electrical products sold in Japan and some important components and accessories are subject to the control of the new law. The new law aims to make the old law more reasonable and more in line with the world trend. In the new law, most of the electrical products are voluntary declaration by manufacturers, so that the involvement of the Japanese government is minimized. The testing institutions that carry out testing have also been relaxed from public welfare corporations to private laboratories recognized by the government, joining the mechanism of free competition in the market. At the same time, the new law has increased the relevant provisions for the recovery of dangerous goods, and also aggravated the violation
Penalty provision
.
PSE product certification certification body list: PSE certification body, JET certification body, JQA certification body, CQC certification body, TUV Rheinland certification body, UL certification body.
The Electromagnetic Compatibility mark, EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) directive requires all electrical products sold in Europe to produce the basic body
Electromagnetic interference
(
EMI
Must not exceed a certain standard, so as not to affect the normal operation of other products, while the electrical products themselves also have certain
Anti-interference capability
(
EMS
) in order to be in general
Electromagnetic environment
It can be used normally.
The directive has been officially enforced since January 1, 1996. It is mainly for all kinds of electronic products, is a pass for all electrical products sold to the European market, and will also be mandatory in China, for products to occupy
International market
It has great significance.
Mpr-ii is the Swedish National Board for Measurement and Testing (Swedish National Board for Measurement and Testing) developed, mainly on the electromagnetic radiation degree of electronic equipment to implement standard limits. At present, MPR-II is still one of the test standards commonly followed by the display industry, and in 1990, the MPR II standard was re-formulated for ordinary working environment design.
Further detail 21 display standards, including flicker, runout, linearity,
luminance
, reflectivity, font size, etc., yes
ELF
(
Ultra-low frequency
) and VLF (
Very low frequency
Radiation presents a maximum limit, which is intended to be around the display
Electromagnetic radiation
Reduce to a reasonable level.
TCO is composed of SCPE (
Sweden
Professional Employees Union)
Display equipment
Certification standard
This standard has become a worldwide standard. Check your monitor
TCO certification
The sign of Yo. Currently, there are TCO92, TCO95 and TCO95
TCO99
And the latest
TCO03
Four criteria. TCO92 standard mainly for electromagnetic radiation, automatic power shutdown function, display must provide power consumption data, in line with the European fire protection and electricity
Safety standard
And other aspects provided by the requirements.
The TCO95 standard, on the basis of TCO92, further puts forward new requirements for environmental protection and human engineering, requiring manufacturers not to use obstacles in the manufacturing process and packaging process
Ecological environment
Of the material. TCO95 standard
Coverage area
It is very wide, mainly including the monitor, the whole computer, the keyboard, the system unit, the laptop.
TCO99 standard is extended and concretized on the basis of TCO95, and puts forward more stringent and comprehensive environmental protection and users
Comfort level
Other standards, the keyboard and portable computer design also put forward specific provisions, and
Facsimile machine
And copiers, printers have made specific provisions, in the CRT display, the required brightness is not less than 100
lumen
. The TCO99 standard is currently the most comprehensive and rigorous certification standard. TCO99 standard involves environmental protection,
Human body engineering
Waste recycling, electromagnetic radiation, energy conservation and safety and other areas.
The TCO99 standard strictly limits the number of pairs
Human nervous system
And the embryo tissue harmful heavy metals (such as: radiation, mercury, etc.) and the shell contains
bromination
Or chlorinated
Flame retardant
The use of CFCS (
chlorofluorocarbon
) or HCFCS (hydrochlorofluorocarbons). in
Save energy
The computer and display equipment are required to automatically reduce power consumption in a certain idle period, gradually enter different stages of the energy-saving state, and the product is required to return from the energy-saving state in a relatively short time
Normal state
.
TCO03 is the latest version, and its requirements are more stringent, and companies that want to pass TCO03 certification must first pass it
ISO14001
And EMAS (
Ecological management
and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme), and the company is required to sign a resource recovery contract. TCO03 requirements
CRT display
The brightness of not less than 120 lumens, while also the color temperature, color,
Three primary colours
Setting, grayness and other indicators put forward requirements, so at present, the display certified by TCO03 is the healthiest display at present.
18, CB system CB system is
International electrotechnical commission
(IECEE) established a set of global mutual recognition system.
19.
CNAS
China's laboratory management agency, CNAS is China's laboratory management accreditation body, not a certification machine body, each country has its own laboratory management body. CNAS can also be said to be the supervision of laboratory quality in China.
CECC Mechanical and electrical product certification, which is a voluntary certification of mechanical and electrical products made by the Certification Center of China Electricity Union (affiliated to the China Electricity Council) on behalf of the power industry, covers 20 categories of products required by the power industry.
The basic process of typical product certification
Type (
Product model
Test, factory inspection and supervision after certification are the three basic processes, the first two processes are the prerequisites for products to obtain certification certificates, and the last process is the supervision measures after certification.
Select a representative sample of the typical model specifications, according to the specified number of samples, according to
Product standard
Prescribed and/or referenced methods and or standards for inspection.
It refers to the inspection of the factory quality assurance ability and products at the production plant in accordance with the specified inspection basis
Consistency check
, covering all products and manufacturing plants applying for certification.
Including factory quality assurance capability inspection, product conformance inspection and product sampling
Support content is
Product inspection
Testing costs, other costs are not supported, the support ratio is 50%, the maximum amount is 30,000 yuan/piece. Product certification must be conducted by a foreign certification company or by the China Accreditation and Certification Administration
Administration of industry and commerce
Department audit
, registered branches and authorized agents (direct authorization only). Each company only supports one certification per product in one country. All kinds of product certification projects are allocated to submit materials
(1) Invoice, bank payment voucher;
(3) Product certification certificate;
(4) Where the product certification company in the country needs to provide the certification qualification approval issued by the CNCA, foreign certification companies
Power of attorney
photocopy
National product certification and certification agencies all over the world
TUV Rheinland Certification body, TUV Shude Certification Body, TUV SUD certification body,
VDE certification
Organization,
BV
Certification body,
SGS
Certification body, NPS Certification Body,
ITS
Certification body,
Nordic
Four certification bodies.
North American certification body
UL Certification body, ETL Certification Body, TUV Rheinland Certification body,
CSA
A certification body.
China CCC certification
Organization CQC certification body
CQC directive
Test laboratory
Shenzhen Electronics
Inspection center
, Guangzhou five, Guangzhou home appliances, etc
National laboratory
.
JET Certification Body,
JQA
Certification body, Japan UL Certification Body, TUV Rheinland Japan Organization,
PSE certification
Organization, NPS certification body, CQC Certification Center
