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The March of the Volunteers

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National anthem of the People's Republic of China
unfoldThree entries with the same name
synonymNational anthem of the People's Republic of China(Lyrics by Tian Han, song composed by Nie Er) Generally refers to the March of the Volunteers (National Anthem of the People's Republic of China)
"March of the Volunteers" is by Tian Han Write lyrics, Nie Er The song is composed by the movie" Children of the wind and clouds "The theme song, known as Chinese nation The horn of liberation, since its birth in 1935 at the moment of national peril, has played a huge role in inspiring the patriotism of the Chinese people, and later became the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. The national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the symbol and symbol of the People's Republic of China. All citizens and organizations should respect the national anthem and safeguard its dignity. [1-3]
The first recording of the song was made on May 9, 1935 EMI Company studio recording completed. In 1951, in order to meet the needs of the national anthem, the People's Record Factory recorded and published a coarse record composed of brass and orchestral ensembles. In 1959, the Chinese Record Factory celebrated People's Republic of China The 10th anniversary of the establishment, recorded and published a full set of standard national anthem special records. In 1978, he released a special album for group lyrics. In 1983, China Records Shanghai Company A special album of the standard national anthem was recorded and published after the original words were restored [4] .
10th edition, 14 March 2004 The National People's Congress The Second meeting adopted an amendment to the Constitution, officially stipulating that the national anthem of the People's Republic of China is "March of the Volunteers". [5-6] .
September 1, 2017," National Anthem Law of the People's Republic of China It was adopted at the 29th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress and officially implemented on October 1 [7] .
Chinese name
The March of the Volunteers
Foreign name
March of the Volunteers
Song length
49 seconds [66]
word-filling
Tian Han
Music score
Nie Er
Issue date
The year 1935
Song language
Mandarin Chinese
Previously Used Name
March of the anti-Japanese Volunteers Against Manchuria [67]

catalogue

  1. 1Creation background
  2. 2Song lyrics
  3. 3Song appreciation
  4. 4Social influence
  1. ▪History of national anthem
  2. ▪National anthem legislation
  3. ▪Commemorative activity
  4. 5Award record
  1. 6Major performance
  2. 7Song controversy

Creation background

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EDITOR
songwriting
Tian Han
"March of the Volunteers" was originally the theme song of the movie "Children of the Storm". In the autumn of 1934, Tian Han wrote a long poem for the film, the last verse of which was chosen as the lyrics for the theme song, March of the Volunteers; shortly after the lyrics were written, Tian Han was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang authorities [8] . February 1935, Director Xu Yuzhi Taking over the shooting of "Children of the Wind and Cloud", soon after, the comrades who visited the prison brought Tian Han to write the lyrics on the back of the cigarette box wrapping paper in prison, that is, the original manuscript of the "March of the Volunteers". At that time, Nie Er was preparing to go to Japan for refuge, and learned that the movie "Children of the Wind" had a theme song to write, and took the initiative to write music for the song, and promised to send back the song draft as soon as possible after arriving in Japan [9] .
Nie Er completed the first draft of the score soon after receiving the lyrics [10] . On April 18, 1935, Nie Er arrived in Tokyo, Japan, and completed the final score, which was sent to Shanghai Dentong Film Company at the end of April [11-12] . Later, in order to make the song melody and rhythm more powerful, Nie Er and Sun Shiyi After discussion, three changes were made to the lyrics, thus completing the creation of the song [9] .
Song naming
After the early shooting of the film "Children of the Wind" was completed, the title of Tian Han's theme song lyrics was not determined, and the name of the lyrics composed by Nie Er sent back from Japan was only three words "March". As an investor in the movie "Children of the Storm" Zhu Qinglan General, before the three words "March," he added" Army of volunteers Thus named the song "March of the Volunteers". [9] .
Production and distribution
Aaron Avshilomov
On May 10, 1935, the score of the "March of the Volunteers" was published in the" China Daily Published in [11] . On the 16th, the first issue of "Dentsu" Pictorial magazine published the song score [13] . Later, by He Luting The Soviet composer Aaron Avshilomov, who was then the orchestra conductor at EMI Records in Shanghai, was invited (Time translated as "Xia Yaf") Orchestrating the recording of "March of the Volunteers" for public release [9] . On May 9 of the same year, by Yuan Muzhi , Gu Menghe Leading the Dentsu singing group recorded "March of the Volunteers" at EMI's studio in Shanghai's Xujiahui neighborhood. [4] . On the 24th, the film "Children of the Storm" was released, and the song was played at the beginning and end of the film as the theme song of the film [14] . On June 1, the song score was released in" Dentsu Pictorial "(bimonthly) in the second issue [15] .

Song lyrics

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EDITOR
Current version (Lyrics by Tian Han)
March 5, 1978 - December 4, 1982
National Anthem Version (Collective lyrics)
Get up! People who don't want to be slaves!
Let our flesh and blood build our new Great Wall!
The Chinese nation is at its most dangerous.
Everyone was forced to give one last roar.
Get up! Get up! Get up!
We are all one,
Braving enemy fire, forward!
Braving enemy fire, forward!
Onward!
Onward! Come in! [5]
Forward, heroic people of all nations!
The great Communist Party, leading us to continue the Long March!
One heart to the communist tomorrow, the construction of the motherland to defend the heroic struggle of the motherland.
Onward! Onward! Onward!
我们千秋万代，高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！
高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！
Onward! Onward! Come in! [16]
Note: Due to the historical background when this version was adopted, the words "xiong" and "jian" in the lyrics of the national anthem are used as "厷" and "迠". [17]

Song appreciation

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EDITOR
"March of the Volunteers" is a very creative song, composer Nie Er with great passion into the creation of this song. First of all, he succeeded in making Tian Han's prose poetic lyrics, according to the law of music, extremely vivid, powerful and colloquial; In terms of melody creation, he not only absorbed the excellent achievements of international revolutionary songs and the style characteristics of Western European marches, but also made it have strong national characteristics, so that the song can be mastered by the masses and play its fighting role.
March of the Volunteers (Staff)
The song begins with a six-bar bugle prelude. It has a sonorous rhythm, bright and majestic melody, in which the magic of triplets, more enhanced the song's fighting atmosphere. Although the prelude is short, it contains the basis for the emotional and melodic development of the entire song. The songs are interlocking and advancing. This is done throughout the song, and repeated many times at the end of the song, giving a sense of steadfastness and overwhelming.
According to the characteristics of the lyrics, Nie Er treated the song into a free structure formed by six sentences of varying lengths. Although the melody and structure of each phrase are different, the connection between the phrase and the phrase is close, the development is natural, and the singing is ups and downs and a whole.
The first and second sentences of the lyrics are called upon. The composer treats these two melodies according to the upward trend of "5-1-3-5", especially the rhythm arrangement, which adopts the second half of the beat sentence, which can give people a sense of urgency. The song starts from the second beat weak, and jumps up four degrees, which appears majestic and full of driving force.
March of the Volunteers (short score)
The third line of the lyrics, "The Chinese nation has come to the most dangerous time," is the most important epigram in all the lyrics. Here, Nie Er not only uses the highest and strongest tone in the whole song, but also creatively stops half a beat after "the Chinese nation has arrived", so that the sentence "the most dangerous time" has been highlighted [18] .
"March of the Volunteers" with its uplifting, sonorous and powerful melody and inspiring lyrics, expressed the Chinese people's strong resentment against the imperialist aggression and the spirit of resistance, embodies the great Chinese nation in the face of foreign aggression brave, strong, united and heroic spirit [19] .

Social influence

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EDITOR
Liu Liangmo directs the members of the Youth Association to sing "March of the Volunteers".
In 1935, with the release of "Children of the Storm" in various theaters, "March of the Volunteers" immediately caused a strong response among the audience and became a very popular Anti-Japanese War song. During the War of Resistance, the Central radio station of the Kuomintang regularly arranged to play the song. In addition, radio stations in the United States, Britain, France, India and other Southeast Asian countries often play the song [20] . And at The Soviet Union , France , Czech Republic In other places, "March of the Volunteers" was recorded and translated into different languages, and its title was mostly translated as "CHEE LAI" (Get Up). [21] .
Many military schools in the Kuomintang made "March of the Volunteers" the military song [22] , Dai Anlan The 200th Division of the General's National Revolutionary Army adopted the song as its military anthem [23] . Zhang Xueliang During the training in the northwest, the great significance of the soldiers singing "March of the Volunteers" was emphasized [21] .
Paul Robertson album cover
In 1935, during the "1229" movement, students, workers, patriots and international friends supporting China all over the country sang the song at rallies and parades [23-24] . In 1937, Battle of Songhu After the outbreak, "March of the Volunteers" became" Eight hundred brave men One of the battle songs used to boost morale in the lone camp [21] . On July 31 of the same year, he was arrested for advocating anti-Japanese salvation Shen Junru , Zou Taofen , Li Gongpu When the seven gentlemen of the National Salvation Congress were released, they sang "March of the Volunteers" together with hundreds of people who came to greet them. [24] . In 1938, during the Battle of Taierzhuang, Chinese soldiers sang "March of the Volunteers" under the lead of the U.S. Navy's Deputy attache in China, Carson. [23] .
In 1940, the American black singer Paul Robertson Performed the song in New York, and in 1941 made a set of Chinese revolutionary songs called "Get Up," Soong Ching-ling Personally wrote the preface to it [25] . In 1941, Pacific War "March of the Volunteers" was widely sung in Southeast Asia [10] [21] . In 1944, Malaysia An anti-Japanese team organized by youth changed the lyrics of the "Volunteer March" from "the Chinese nation to the most dangerous time" to "the Malayan nation to the most dangerous time", and sang it as the anti-Japanese guerrilla team song [26] . In the same year, the American Hollywood MGM company shot a feature film reflecting the Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression. Dragon seed The English version of "March of the Volunteers" was chosen as the film's soundtrack [27] .
English lyrics
In 1945, when the United Nations was founded, the song was performed as a representative of China [23] . As the Second World War drew to a close, "March of the Volunteers" was chosen as part of the repertoire for the victorious return of the anti-fascist Allies [28] . When the Allies gathered for the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, "March of the Volunteers" was chosen as the song representing China [29] . The United States compared the song with the American "Beautiful America" and the French "Beautiful America". Marseillaise "And other songs as the Allied victory Day music broadcast songs [20] .
Taiwan's liberation At the beginning, learning to sing "March of the Volunteers" became another important content for Taiwanese to learn Mandarin. In 1946, teachers and students of Keelung Middle School held a demonstration and sang "March of the Volunteers". In 1947, "March of the Volunteers" was banned by the Taiwan authorities until cross-strait relations were eased [30] .
On October 1, 1949, at the founding ceremony, the song was played as the national anthem for the first time in Tiananmen Square [11] It was played by the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Band and played more than ten times in total [31] .

History of national anthem

Zhu Qinglan
On September 21, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held, and because the national anthem was not drafted as scheduled, the meeting adopted the "National Anthem" on September 27. Resolution on the capital, calendar, national anthem and national flag of the People's Republic of China It stipulates that before the national anthem of the People's Republic of China is formally formulated, "March of the Volunteers" shall be the national anthem.
During the ten years of unrest, the song's songwriter Tian Han was subjected to" The "Gang of Four" Persecution, resulting in formal occasions can only play the musical score of the national anthem, can not sing the lyrics [28] .
From February 26 to March 5, 1978, the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting decided that the song of the national anthem should still be the original song composed by Nie Er, and the lyrics should be re-filled by the collective.
From November 26 to December 10, 1982, the Fifth session of the Fifth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting adopted the Resolution on the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China, decided to restore the original words of the national anthem, and revoked the decision on the National anthem of the People's Republic of China adopted by the first session of the National People's Congress on March 5, 1978.
On March 14, 2004, the Second session of the 10th National People's Congress passed the Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which officially included the "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem in the Constitution [17] .

National anthem legislation

(See entry for details: National Anthem Law of the People's Republic of China )
Implementation opinions on standardizing the etiquette of playing and singing the national anthem
In August 1984, the Central Propaganda Department issued the Interim Measures on the Playing and singing of the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China, which stipulated that the national anthem could be played and sung during important celebrations or political public gatherings and on occasions when there was a struggle to safeguard the dignity of the motherland. However, in private weddings and funerals, dances, social and other entertainment activities, as well as commercial activities and other occasions, the "National Anthem" may not be played and sung. [32] .
On March 6, 2008, in view of the lack of due respect and care for the national anthem in some People's Daily life and some major activities, several members of the military political Consultative Conference called on the country to enact the National Anthem Law of the People's Republic of China as soon as possible at the first session of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC [33] . From 2009 to 2017, every year during the two sessions, there were motions calling for the legislation of the national anthem law [34] . In 2010, he was a member of the CPPCC National Committee Gong Jianming Submitted a proposal calling for the enactment of the National Anthem Law of the People's Republic of China as soon as possible [32] . In 2012, he was a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and head of the Military Orchestra of the People's Liberation Army Yu Hai Proposed legislation for a national anthem at a joint meeting of the Arts and Culture Groups [35] Yu Hai has called for legislation for the national anthem every year from 2008 to 2017 [36] .
In December 2014, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and The General Office of the State Council issued the Implementation Opinions on Standardizing the Etiquette of Playing and singing the National Anthem, which set out clear requirements on occasions, etiquette and publicity and education for playing and singing the national anthem [17] .
On June 22, 2017, the 28th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress deliberated the draft Law on the national anthem for the first time, and made clear provisions on the status of the national anthem, the occasions for playing and singing it, the forms and etiquette of playing and singing it, the standard score and official recording version of the national anthem, the publicity and education of the national anthem, supervision and administration, and legal responsibilities. The National Anthem Law issued the standard score of the national anthem, requiring that the standard score of the national anthem and the official recorded version of the national anthem should be used when the national anthem is sung or played by an ensemble at a venue where it is prescribed to be sung [37] .
September 1, 2017," National Anthem Law of the People's Republic of China It was adopted at the 29th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress and officially implemented on October 1 [7] . On November 4, the 30th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress voted to adopt the Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (10), which stipulates that those who insult the national anthem in public places are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights [38] .

Commemorative activity

Nie Er
In 1979, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China Post issued a commemorative stamp with the theme of the music [39] .
In November 2006, the foundation stone was laid for the Shanghai National Anthem Memorial Square, which was completed on September 25, 2009 on Jingzhou Road, and the opening ceremony of the National Anthem Exhibition Hall was held on the same day, and the museum has the first edition of the "March of the Volunteers" record and Paul Robertson's "March of the Volunteers" record and other collections [40] .
In 2007, CCTV aired a four-episode TV feature film "Our National Anthem" co-produced by the China Tianhan Research Society, the Foundation and the Nie Er Music Foundation, which tells the story of the song's creation, social impact and practical significance [29] .
On March 8, 2008, a large-scale public performance art activity titled "Sing the National Anthem" sponsored by the Office of Party History Education of the CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing. The activity was called on by performance artist Shu Yong to strengthen the patriotic spirit. The activity was later held in Shanghai and other places [41] .
In 2009, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, China Records Shanghai Company selected 21 precious recordings from different periods of the March of the Volunteers and edited and published the album of the Record of the March of the Volunteers [4] . In October, the Chinese Calligraphers Association held the "Exhibition of 60 calligraphers with the National Anthem" [42] .
On May 9, 2010, the Chinese Calligraphers Association and the People's Painting Newspaper hosted a large-scale calligraphy collection titled "National Anthem" [42] . On September 9, the TV drama "March of the Volunteers" was created with the creation event as the center. National anthem It was broadcast on China Central Television and Hunan Satellite TV [43] . In 2011, Hebei Province Heroes Memorial Park built the national anthem square, and the national anthem lyricist Tian Han and his wife Ann 'e statue [24] . In July, the musical "The Song of the Kingdom" with Nie Er and Tian Han's composition of "March of the Volunteers" as the core content began to perform [44] .
In 2015, the 80th anniversary concert of the "March of the Volunteers" was held in Shanghai Concert Hall [45] . On May 15, the launch ceremony of the "Love Me China · Sing the National Anthem" and the 80th anniversary of the birth of the "March of the Volunteers" Youth Art performance was held in Beijing, and the activity was carried out in more than a dozen districts across the country [46] . The Shanghai Local Chronicles Office released its first album of the national anthem on Monday, with more than 300 pictures [47] . In August, Shanghai Music Publishing House commissioned music critic Chen Zhiyin to compose Our National Anthem. [48] . The 20th of the same month, the artist Qin Yi Participated in the CCTV public welfare program" First class The story of the national anthem was told on the show [49] .
On September 2, 2016, a photo exhibition to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the creation of the national anthem "March of the Volunteers" was launched in Nanjing [50] .
In June 2019, it was selected as the "100 Outstanding Songs Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China" by the Central Propaganda Department. [51]

Award record

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EDITOR
Award time
organizer
Award name
awards
June 2019
Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the CPC
"100 Outstanding Songs Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China"
Win a prize [52]

Major performance

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EDITOR
time
name
The singer/player
Locations
1938
World Congress against Fascist Aggression
Overseas Chinese Chorus (Conductor: Ren Guang )
Paris [53]
June 7, 1939
The third Music conference of the "People's Singing Society"
All participants (Conductor: Liu Liangmo )
Shanghai [4]
The year 1949
Congress for the Defense of World Peace
Chinese delegation
Bragg [20]
The year 1949
Pushkin The 150th anniversary of his birth
-
Moscow [54]
July 7, 1949
"July 7" 12th anniversary of the Anti-Japanese War rally
All present
Peking [55]
October 1st, 1949
Founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China
Shanxi Chaji Military Band
Peking [11]
July 1, 1997
Hong Kong handover ceremony between China and Britain
Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Orchestra
Hong Kong [56]
September 3, 2005
The 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War
All present
Peking [57]
September 22, 2007
Phoenix Night - National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival party
The Tusan Hua Choir
Phoenix, Arizona [58]
June 12, 2009
The opening ceremony of the first China Nie Er Music (chorus) Week
All present
Peking [59]
May 9, 2010
The opening ceremony of the theme calligraphy collection "National Anthem"
All present
Peking [42]
September 2015
New China National Day Reception
Nunu Ramogoz
Gaborone [60]
( Note 1: As the national anthem of the People's Republic of China, "March of the Volunteers" is played/sung during important celebrations such as the National People's Congress and National Day of China or political public gatherings, so this table only includes occasions of special significance [32] .)
( Note 2: In March 2009, since the Second session of the 11th National People's Congress, the national anthem has been sung at the opening and closing ceremonies of the sessions, instead of playing in the past [17] .)

Song controversy

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EDITOR
Lyric controversy
Some people believe that the lyric of "March of the Volunteers" is the military song of the Northeast anti-Japanese Volunteers, of which the Fushun Qingyuan anti-Japanese armed "Blood Alliance National Salvation Army" military song "Blood Alliance National Salvation Army" and "March of the Volunteers" lyrics are very similar. The Song of the Blood Alliance and the Salvation Army by Sun Mingchen Lyrics, Zhang Xianming composed music, the original word is: up! Those who do not want to be subjugation, arouse the nation with our flesh and blood. We can not sit still, we must fight to kill the enemy, the Chinese nation can not subjugation! Get up! Get up! The people of the whole country unite and fight! Battle! Battle! Fight!" ) Therefore, some views believe that Tian Han is likely to collect the songs of the Northeast anti-Japanese volunteers, including the Song of the Blood Alliance to save the National Army, as creative materials [61] .
There was a newspaper report, Xia Yan The original words of the song have been modified. In an interview in 1982, Xia Yan clarified that the real situation was because some of the words on the paper where Tian Han wrote the original words were soaked with water, and he transcribed the lyrics next to it for fear that others would not be able to read them clearly [62] .
Melodic controversy
Some people believe that the tune of Nie Er's "March of the Volunteers" comes from the military song of the Liaoning Volunteers. According to historical records, at the end of February 1933, Nie Er arrived at Zhu Luke Town, Jianping County, visited the cavalry troops of the Liaoning anti-Japanese Volunteers stationed there, and personally saw the scene of the volunteers' bloody breakthrough and return. In addition, in the "Song Lin II" published in May 1942, the "March of the Volunteers" was adapted into the "General March", and under the song title, it was specially marked: "The original tune of the" March of the Volunteers" [63] .
Lyrics dispute
At the meeting, Xu Beihong Proposed "March of the Volunteers" instead of the national anthem, and got it Liang Sicheng , Zhou Enlai The approval of others. but Guo Moruo In view of the historical words in the lyrics of the song, such as "the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time", they believe that it is inconsistent with the current situation and should be revised. Zhang Xiluo Huang Yanpei and others raised opposing opinions. [28] [64] . On November 15, 1949, the People's Daily published an article that the adoption of the "March of the Volunteers" as the current national anthem of the People's Republic of China without modification was to arouse the people's recall of the difficulties and hardships in the creation of the motherland, encourage the people to develop patriotic enthusiasm against imperialist aggression, and carry out the revolution to the end [28] .
After the crushing of the "Gang of Four", due to the influence of the left ideology of the "Cultural Revolution", some people proposed to use Nie Er tunes to fill in new words. On March 5, 1978, the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress passed the lyrics by a show of hands. After the revision of the lyrics of the national anthem, there have been different opinions from all aspects of society, demanding the restoration of the original lyrics of the national anthem. In 1979, Chen Dengke At the second session of the Fifth National People's Congress held in June 1979, as representatives of the literary and art circles attending the meeting, they asked the congress to discuss whether to restore the lyrics of the national anthem "March of the Volunteers". Later, at the third, fourth, and fifth sessions of the Fifth National People's Congress, Chen Dengke insisted on proposing the motion, and it was finally passed at the fifth session [65] .
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