Summer Palace, China Qing Dynasty period Royal garden , formerly known as Qingyi Garden Located in Peking Western suburbs, 15 km from the city, The whole park covers an area of 3.009 square kilometers (of which the Summer Palace World Cultural Heritage area is 2.97 square kilometers), about three-quarters of which is water. ^[19] with Old Summer Palace Adjacent. It is based on Kunming Lake , Longevity Hill Based in Hangzhou West Lake For the blueprint, absorb Jiangnan garden A large landscape garden built by the design technique is also the most complete preserved royal one Imperial palace for short stays Imperial garden It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum".

Qing Dynasty Qianlong Emperor Before he took the throne, four large buildings were built in the western suburbs of Beijing Royal garden . Qianlong Fifteen years (1750), Qianlong Emperor To honor his mother Empress Dowager Chongqing 4.48 million taels of silver to turn this place into Qingyi Garden , formed from the present Qinghua Garden Twenty kilometers to the imperial garden area of Fragrant Hills. Xianfeng Ten years (1860), Qingyi Garden be Anglo-french army Burn it down. Guang Xu Fourteen years (1888) rebuilt, renamed the Summer Palace, as a summer playground. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by the "eight-power Allied forces" and the treasures were looted. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was destroyed again during the period of warlord chaos and Kuomintang rule.

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch National key cultural relics protection units At the same time as the announcement Chengde Summer Resort , The Humble Administrator's Garden , Lingering garden Be called together Four famous gardens in China In November 1998, it was listed in the" World Heritage List ". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration National 5A tourist attraction . In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected by the China World Record Association as the largest existing imperial garden in China. ^[1]

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Chinese name: The Summer Palace
Foreign name: The Summer Palace
Geographical position: 19 Gongmen Road, Haidian District, Beijing
Climatic condition: Temperate monsoon climate
Opening hours: Peak season (April 1 - October 31) : Open at 6:00, stop at 19:00, close at 20:00. Off-season (November 1 - March 31) : Open at 6:30, stop at 18:00, close at 19:00 ^[2]

Scenic spot level: Class AAAAA
Ticket price: 30 yuan/ticket (high season), 20 yuan/ticket (low season) half price
Floor space: About 3 km² ^[19]
Famous scenic spot: Longevity Hill , Kunming Lake , Seventeen hole bridge
Construction time: Qianlong Fifteen years (1750)
Types of scenic spots: Cultural landscape, historical landscape
Enquiry telephone: 010-62881144 ^[18]

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Historical evolution

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Historical photograph (16 photos)

The original Weng Mountain in the northwest suburbs of Beijing is the afterpulse of Yanshan Mountain, and there are lakes under the mountain, called Qili Li, Da Bo Lake, Weng Shan Bo and West Lake.

Jin Dynasty Zhenyuan first year (1153) Perfect beauty Set up the Jinshan Palace here.

After the Yuan Dynasty made Beijing the capital, in order to meet the water needs of water transport, hydraulic scientist Guo Shoujing Open up the upstream water source, divert Changping Baifu Village sacred mountain spring water and water along the way into the lake, so as to increase the water potential, and become a storage reservoir to protect the court water and provide water transport.

In 1494, the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, 明孝宗 The nursing mother assisted the holy lady Luo Shi built the Yuan Jing Temple in front of Weng Mountain, which was abandoned after. Since then, the gardens around Weng Mountain have gradually increased.

Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty built a palace by the lake, called "good Mountain Garden", for the royal garden. Emperor Wu of Ming Dynasty and Emperor Shen of Ming Dynasty used to enjoy boating here. 明熹宗 A surname Wei Zhongxian Once took the good mountain garden as his own ^[3] .

Qing Dynasty Qianlong In the early years, Peking Western suburbs Haidian The number of gardens in the area increased, and a large number of garden water made the water consumption increase day by day, and the garden water was only a small flow at that time Wanquan River Outside the water system, mostly from Jade Spring Mountain Originating and flowing into the West Lake, this is also the water source of the Tonghui River since the Ming Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), in order to prepare Empress Dowager Chongqing On Empress Xiao Shengxian's 60th birthday, Emperor Qianlong ordered the excavation of the West Lake, the intercasion of the West Mountains, and the excavation of the West Lake under the pretext of regulating the West Beijing water system. Jade Spring Mountain The water from Shouan Mountain, and the high water lake and the nourishing water lake were excavated in the west of the West Lake, so that the three lakes could be used as reservoirs to ensure water for the palace gardens and provide irrigation water for the surrounding farmland. Emperor Qianlong Emperor Wu of Han The West Lake was renamed Kunming Lake, the excavation of the lake was piled on Weng Mountain in Hubei Province, and Weng Mountain was renamed Wanshou Mountain ^[4] .

It was completed in the 29th year of Qianlong (1764) Qingyi Garden Consumption of more than 4.8 million taels of silver. Based on the concept of "three heavenly Mountains on the sea" in ancient Chinese mythology, Qingyi Garden builds three islands in Kunming Lake and the two lakes on the west side: Nanhu Island Tuancheng Island, algae Jiantang Island, to compare the three mountains on the sea: Penglai (a place name in Shanxi Province) , abbot , Yingzhou . The overall plan of Qingyi Garden is modeled on the West Lake of Hangzhou, and extensively modeled on the gardens and scenic spots of Jiangnan, such as Fenghuang Dun imitating Taihu Lake, Jingming Tower imitating Yueyang Tower, Wangchen Pavilion imitating Yellow He Tower, Houxi Lake Shopping Street imitating Suzhou Water Street, West Suo Shopping Street imitating Yangzhou 24 Bridge, and so on. The main building of the park is Dabao En Yanshou Temple, and there is a long corridor of more than 700 meters, its architecture and decorative paintings are quite wonderful with artistic value and many tourist buildings. There are very few administrative and residential buildings in Qingyi Garden of Wanshou Hill in the Summer Palace. Emperor Qianlong visited Qingyi Garden on the same day and never lived in the garden. ^{[30
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In its heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers, mainly by Longevity Hill And Kunming Lake consists of two parts, of which the water takes up three quarters (about 220 hectares). Garden building Pavilion of Buddha Incense As the center, the park has more than 100 scenic spot buildings, more than 20 courtyards and 3,555 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and a total of more than 3,000 buildings in different forms such as pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, corridors and pavilions. Among them, the Buddha Pavilion, the long corridor, the stone boat, Suzhou Street, Seventeen hole bridge The Garden of Harmonious Interest and the Grand Stage are representative buildings. More than 1,600 old and famous trees.

Qing Dynasty Daoguang County Later, due to the weakness of the national power, it was announced that the Sanshan furnishings were withdrawn, and the Qingyi Garden was gradually abandoned. Xianfeng Ten years (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned down by the Anglo-French Allied forces. ^[5]

Guangxu ten to twenty-one years (1884 to 1895), for Empress Dowager Cixi He retired to recuperate and ordered the rebuilding of Qingyi Garden in the name of Guangxu Emperor. Due to limited funds, we concentrated on the restoration of the Qianshan complex, and built a wall around Kunming Lake, renamed the Summer Palace, and became the palace. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the buildings and cultural relics in the park were destroyed by the eight-power Allied forces. ^[5] It was restored in 1902. Although the Summer Palace has generally restored the landscape of the Garden of Clear Ripples, many qualities have been reduced. Many high-rise buildings have been reduced in size and scale due to financial constraints. For example, the Wenchang Pavilion gate tower was reduced from three stories to two stories, the Leshou Hall was changed from double eaves to single eaves, and there were also increased buildings, such as the Grand Theatre. Suzhou Street was burned down and never recovered. Because Cixi preferred the Su style Colour painting Many of the house pavilions are painted by And seal painting It changed into Su style color painting, which changed the original appearance of Qingyi Garden in details.

December 25, 3rd Year of Xuantong (February 12, 1912) ^[33] A surname After his abdication, the Summer Palace, as Puyi's private property, was still managed by the Qing House House.

Due to the shortage of royal funds year by year, the financial resources of the Qing room are drying up, in order to subsidize the finance of the garden, on January 14, the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the Qing room Office changed the Summer Palace to ticketing visits. In April, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Interior, Step army command yamen And the office of the Qing Dynasty agreed: "In the open tour, the meaning of fundraising", put forward the Summer Palace and other places to sell coupons pilot regulations. The regulations will officially start selling tickets to the public on May 6. ^[6] ^[20]

The Summer Palace (139 photos)

On July 1, 1928, the Ministry of the Interior of the National Government of Nanjing took over the Summer Palace, and the imperial garden was officially turned into a park.

In 1930, the palace cultural relics opened a museum.

In 1934, the ancient relics of the Summer Palace were moved south to avoid the war.

On July 31, 1937, after the "July 7 Incident", the Japanese Army entered the garden, and the Summer Palace was closed for more than four months. During the period of the enemy and puppet regime, in order to whitewash peace, although a few buildings of the oil decoration corridor and Yishou Hall were renovated, more than 100 ancient buildings that needed to be repaired were not renovated. The event propagated "Sino-Japanese rapprochement". Accepting the cherry blossoms as gifts from Japan, the Yonghe ship given by Japan to the Empress Dowager was salvaged and restored at the bottom of the lake and displayed under the cherry trees. He also gave or "lent" the imperial rickshaws, thrones, books, palm fans, etc., to Japan.

In August 1945, even on the eve of Japan's surrender, he donated copper for the "Greater East Asia Jihad", shipped the copper table in the copper pavilion and the copper cylinder in front of the temple, copper incense burner, etc., to Tianjin to supply the Japanese army to manufacture arms, but fortunately the copper pieces had not yet gone to sea and Japan surrendered. Since the end of the puppet regime, the currency began to depreciate, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, prices soared, the park economy could not make ends meet, and the park management was in trouble. As a result, by the end of 1948, the Summer Palace was deserted, ancient buildings were dilapidated, cultural relics were damaged, and flowers and trees faded. Ancient buildings such as Zhuunzang, Painting Middle Stream, and Fuhua Pavilion are prohibited from visiting due to the danger of collapse.

In November 1948, in the "Pingjin Campaign" of the Liberation War, the Chinese People's Liberation Army completed the encirclement of Pingjin Fu Zuoyi The "North China Headquarters" army entered the Summer Palace, building blockhouses and digging trenches outside the back hill and North Palace. On December 12, the advance troops of the People's Liberation Army arrived at the South River Bridge, only a few hundred meters away from the North Palace Gate.

In 1949, Beiping was renamed Beijing and became the capital of the People's Republic of China. As the largest imperial garden in the country and the largest park in the capital at that time, the Summer Palace, under the policy of the Communist Party of China and the Central People's Government to protect cultural relics and historic sites, received the attention of the central and Beijing leaders at all levels, and was supported by special policies. After the founding ceremony, Nie Rongzhen The central government appealed to the major administrative regions to fund the renovation of the Summer Palace, and the Northeast People's Government and the military and political committees in the southwest, northwest and southeast donated wood, cement, tung oil, fir, linen, cloth, red gold, pigments and other materials as special funds for the renovation of the Summer Palace. And chairman of the North China People's Government Dong Biwu Approved the Summer Palace renovation cost millet 150,000 jin. The Beijing Municipal People's Government has also done its best to provide funding support.

In 1950, the Summer Palace began to undergo the first comprehensive renovation of the garden since the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906).

In 1954, the renovation of Foxiang Pavilion, the central building of the whole garden, was completed.

In 1959, the renovation and decoration of the ancient buildings in Qianshan and Qianhu were completed.

In 1962, the Garden of Harmonious Interest and other places were renovated and decorated, so that the ancient buildings of the garden basically reached the appearance of the Summer Palace when Cixi majored in it. At the same time, we will comprehensively strengthen the greening and maintenance, increase the planting of flowers and trees, and continue the plant characteristics of spring flowers, summer lotus, autumn leaves and winter pines in the Summer Palace. Comprehensively restore the sanitation of the garden, change the old habit of burying garbage in the hillside before the garden, remove the accumulated garbage, carry out the patriotic health campaign, and make the whole garden as sanitary as the seven younger brothers of Guangxu Wave carrying "It is cleaner than when Queen Dowager West lived in the garden."

" Cultural revolution In the early days, the Summer Palace was destroyed and renamed "People's Park".

In 1971, the situation at home and abroad changed, and the original name of the Summer Palace was restored on May 17. On October 1, the National Day Garden Party was held, and Premier Zhou Enlai held a state dinner for Prince Sihanouk at the Listening Bird Pavilion. In the "Ping-Pong diplomacy", a large garden party was held for the "Asian-African Table Tennis Invitational Tournament" in November. At the same time, the annual "51" and "11" garden party was held, and the Summer Palace began to restore the renovation of ancient buildings.

In 1972, the Summer Palace Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. On May 1 of the same year, in accordance with the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, the exhibition of cultural relics in the temple was restored, and at the same time, the painting on the ancient buildings of the Soviet style color paintings was erased. And combined with the work of warehouse clearance verification, comprehensively strengthen the management of cultural relics. ^{[28
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In the 1980s, in the restoration of ancient buildings, the policy of combining scientific protection and rational use was implemented, which enriched the park activities. The park used part of the foreign investment to restore the East eight group courtyard that has been abandoned for many years, and this group of affiliated ancient buildings was turned into the Royal Garden hotel, and also focused on the construction of the Jade Belt Bridge in the west Embankment, the Erlong Gate in the East Embankment and the Phoenix Pier in the South Embankment and the Embroidery Chair Bridge.

To the park in 1984 The Garden of Peace (commonly known as the Grand Stage) was renovated and decorated, wax figures of Cixi and Guangxu and related cultural relics were installed in the temple, ceremonial guards were arranged in the courtyard, and service personnel dressed in Qing Court costumes explained and guided. It was officially opened on September 10 of the same year.

Restoration began in 1986 Suzhou Street (also known as trading street). On the basis of fully excavating historical materials, surveying site sites, and extensively soliciting expert opinions, in line with the policy of "not increasing, not reducing, not moving, not letting down", it has a total construction area of 2870 square meters, 232 houses, 19 archways and archways, 4 pavilions, 3 flower gates, 7 different kinds of walking Bridges, and 12 verandas. It was officially opened on 15 September 1990. ^{[29
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Summer Palace architecture

The Summer Palace

The first draft of the Summer Palace design

The Summer Palace

Summer Palace Corridor

North Palace Gate

Main attraction

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Suzhou Street		Suzhou Street Also known as "trading street", it is built on both sides of the Back lake imitating Jiangnan water town. During the period of Qingyi Garden, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk and satin shop, dim sum shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry house, etc. Shop assistants are eunuchs, palace women dressed up. The emperor's parade was "open for business." Dozens of shops on the shore of Houhu Lake were burned down by the foreign powers in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) and rebuilt in 1986. ^[7]
Longevity Hill		Wanshou Mountain is a remnant of Yanshan Mountain, 58.59 meters high. The building group is built on the mountain, the front hill of Wanshou Mountain, and the Foxiang Pavilion with eight sides, three layers and four eaves is the center, forming a huge main building group. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through the cloud gate, the Second Gong Gate, the cloud Hall, the Dehui Hall, the Buddha Pavilion, to the Wisdom Sea at the top of the mountain, a central axis rises layer by layer. On the east side is" Runner stock "And" Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake "stone tablet. On the west side there are five pavilions and bronze castings Baoyun Pavilion . On the back hill there are Tibetan Buddhist buildings and multi-coloured coloured pagodas. There is on the hill Gyeongbokak , heavy green pavilion, Writing about Akihsia Midstream painting, such as pavilions. In the middle part, a group of central buildings with large volume and rich image is built. This group of large buildings includes the main buildings in the park - the "Cloud Expulsion Hall" where the emperor and later held the festival meeting and the "Buddha Incense Pavilion" of the Buddhist temple. Echoing the longitudinal axis of the central complex is the "promenade" that runs through the foothills and runs east-west along the northern shore of the lake.
Four great continents		Four great continents ^[31] In the middle of the back hill of Wanshou Mountain is a group of buildings of Han and Tibetan style. Covers an area of 20,000 square meters, because of the mountain trend, on the spot cabinet. In front of the Xumi spiritual landscape (now a platform), there are 3-meter-high Buddhist buildings on both sides, and the main building of the temple group behind The Pavilion of Kaoiwa . It is surrounded by the four major continents of the Buddhist world-East Shengshen, West Niuhe, South Janbu, North Kulu, and the eight small continents built with different forms of towers. In the south, southwest, northeast and northwest, there are four red, white, black and green seats representing the "four wisdom" of Buddhist sutras Lamaist pagoda . There are 13 layers of ring "phase wheels" on the tower, indicating the "thirteen days" of Buddhist sutras. Tower unique, dignified and beautiful shape. In the middle of the four major continents and eight minor continents, there are two uneven platform halls, one representing the platform and the other representing the day platform, symbolizing the sun and moon surrounding the Buddha's body. ^[7]
Sea of Wisdom		Sea of Wisdom It's a religious building at the top of Mount Wanshou, ^[7] It is a beamless Buddhist hall made entirely of brick and stone, and consists of an arch structure. The outer layer of the building is decorated with exquisite yellow and green glazed tiles, and the upper part is covered with a small amount of purple and blue glazed tiles, especially the more than 1,000 glazed Buddhas embedded in the outer wall of the hall. The term "Sea of wisdom" is a Buddhist term intended to praise the wisdom of the Buddha as the sea and the boundless Dharma. Although the building is very much like a wooden structure, in fact, there is no wood, all built with stone bricks, no purlin bearing, so it is called" Beamless hall ". And because the temple is dedicated to the infinite longevity Buddha, it is also called the "infinite Hall". ^[7]
Pavilion of Buddha Incense		Pavilion of Buddha Incense Located on the mountainside in the central part of the front hill of Wanshou Mountain, the building is built on a square platform with a height of 21 meters. It is a building with eight sides, three floors and four eaves. The pavilion is 41 meters high, and there are 8 giant iron pear wood Optimus Prime in the pavilion. The structure is complex and it is a classic building boutique. After the original pavilion was burned down by the British and French allied forces in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), it was rebuilt in the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891) at a cost of 780,000 taels of silver, and completed in the twentieth year of Guangxu (1894), which is the largest project in the Summer Palace. The pavilion is dedicated to the "Connecting Buddha" for the royal family to burn incense here. ^[7]
Baoyun Pavilion		Baoyun Pavilion (Copper Pavilion) is one of the most exquisite and largest copper castings in China. Built on the west side of the Foxiang Pavilion, a four-meter high pavilion in the five-sided courtyard White marble Built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it is 7.5 meters high and weighs 207 tons. It has a diamond fan on all sides. Although it is made of copper, it is made entirely in accordance with the wooden frame structure. There are doors on the east, south and west sides, with four lattice doors and eight lattice Windows on the north side. Doors and Windows have rhomboid grid fan center, curtain frame also has grid fan center, all grid fan center are inside and outside the two layers. ^[7]
Cloud dispelling hall		Cloud dispelling hall In the center of the building in front of Wanshou Hill, originally the Temple of Great Bao Kindness and Longevity, built by Qianlong for his mother's 60th birthday, was rebuilt by Cixi as the Hall of Cloud Removal, where Cixi lived in the garden and received worship on her birthday. ^[7] The word "exhaust cloud" is taken from Guo Pu The gods of poetry pour out the clouds, but see the tables of gold and silver." ^[8] It is like the appearance of a celestial being in a cloud shrouded pavilion. Viewed from a distance, the Hall of Cloud expulsion forms a straight line with archway, cloud expulsion Gate, Jinshui Bridge and Ergong Gate. This group of buildings is the most spectacular architectural group of the Summer Palace. ^[7]
A long corridor		The corridor is located at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, facing Kunming Lake, north of Wanshou Mountain, east of the invitation Moon gate, west of the Shizhang Pavilion, a total length of 728 meters, 273, is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens, in 1992 was recognized as the world's longest corridor, included in the "Guinness World Records". Each beam on the porch is painted, with a total of more than 14,000 pictures, including landscapes, flowers, birds, fish and insects, and allusions to characters. The figure paintings in the painting are drawn from classical Chinese classics. ^[7]
Kunming Lake		Kunming Lake It is the largest lake in the imperial gardens of the Qing Dynasty, and a long levee in the lake -- the West Levee, stretching from the northwest to the south. The West dike and its branches divide the lake into three bodies of water of varying sizes, each with an island in the middle of the lake. These three islands form a column of pillars on the lake, symbolizing the three sacred mountains of the East China Sea in ancient Chinese legends Penglai (a place name in Shanxi Province) Abbot, Yingzhou. The West Embankment and the six Bridges on it are consciously modeled after the West Lake in Hangzhou Su Causeway And "Su Causeway six Bridges". The West Bank area of the blue wave willows, the natural scenery is open, the garden outside the few miles of Yuquan mountain beautiful shape and the top of the mountain Yufeng Tower The shadow platoon came to be taken as an integral part of the landscape.
midstream		midstream It is a group of scenic spot buildings in the west of Wanshou Mountain. It is built on the mountain, the front has a two-story pavilion, left and right have a first floor, named "love mountain", "borrow autumn". After the pavilion stands a stone arch, behind the arch is "Chenghui Pavilion". There are climbing corridors between the buildings. Because it is located halfway up the mountain, the buildings, pavilions and corridors are built on different contour lines, and there is a group of buildings covered by red, yellow, blue and green glazed tiles surrounded by green mountains and cypress. ^[7]
Pavilion for listening to orioles		Pavilion for listening to orioles Originally built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother, there are two levels of the stage, because the ancients often use the song of the oriole as a metaphor for the beautiful music, so it is named "oriole Hall". Before the Grand Theatre in the Garden of Virtue and Harmony was built, Cixi often watched plays and had banquets here. Xianfeng ten years (1860) was burned by the British and French allied forces, rebuilt in Guangxu. Bird House Restaurant It is a famous palace cuisine restaurant.
Garden of harmonious Interest		Garden of harmonious Interest At the eastern foot of Wanshou Mountain, it is an independent district with a garden of southern garden style. Qingyi Garden was called Huishan Garden ", which was built after the Wuxi Huishan Jichang Garden. Jiaqing 16th year (1811) after the reconstruction, take "to the quiet interest of things outside, harmonic inch field and" and Emperor Qianlong's poem "One pavilion one path, full of harmonic fun" meaning, renamed "garden of harmonious interest". There are 13 pavilions, terraces, halls and pavilions in the park, which are connected by hundreds of corridors and five Bridges of different forms. There is a stone bridge in the southeast corner of the garden, and the stone square on the bridge has Qianlong's inscription" Chiyobashi "Three words, is a reference to Chuang Tzu and Keiko In the "autumn water on the city" debate. ^[7]
Hall of Happy Longevity		Hall of Happy Longevity It is the main building in the living area of the Summer Palace, originally built in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), destroyed in the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), and rebuilt in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887). Facing Kunming Lake and backing Wanshou Mountain, the Hall of Renshou in the east and the long corridor in the west, the Hall is the best place to live and play in the park. ^[7] In front of the hall there is Cixi boat dock "Happy Life Hall" black background gold horizontal plaque for Guangxu handwriting. In the courtyard of the hall are displayed bronze deer, bronze cranes and bronze vases, which means "six harmony peace". Flowers are planted in the garden magnolia , begonia, peony, etc., the famous flowers are full of the courtyard, which means "Yutang riches". ^[7]
Yiyun House		Yiyun House It was built during the reign of Qianlong and rebuilt during the reign of Guangxu. The Qingyi Garden was the library of Emperor Qianlong and was elegantly furnished, while the Summer Palace was the sleeping place of Empress Guangxu Longyu. Due to the different architectural functions and the identity of the owner, the layout of the furnishings has changed a lot. In 1979, after the maintenance of the ancient building, only furniture was placed in the room. In 1992, according to the installation files of Qingyi Garden, more than 100 cultural relics were displayed in the whole group.
Grand theatrical stage		Grand theatrical stage in The Garden of Peace Within, with Chengde Summer Resort in the Qingyin Pavilion, the Forbidden City Changyin Pavilion Collectively known as the three major opera stages of Qing Dynasty. Grand Theatre in the Garden of Virtue and Harmony It was built for Cixi's 60th birthday, especially for Cixi to watch the opera. With a height of 21 meters, it is second only to the highest Buddha Pavilion in the Summer Palace. The stage has three floors, the second floor of the backstage makeup building. There are seven "patios" in the top plate and "ground Wells" in the floor. At the bottom of the stage are Wells and five square pools. When playing a ghost play, you can descend from the "day", you can also come from the "earth", and you can also lead water to the stage. ^[7]
Hall of Jade Ripples		Hall of Jade Ripples Located in the southwest of the Renshou Hall by the Kunming Lake, it is a three-heyuan style building. The main hall Yulan Hall faces south, the east hall Xiafen room, the west hall lotus champs. The east hall can go to the Renshou Hall, the west hall can go to the lake pier, and the back door of the main hall is directly to the Yiyun Hall. The rear eaves and two auxiliary halls are sealed off from the outside world by brick walls, which is an important historical site of the Summer Palace. The twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), Cixi launched Palace coup Later, the Guangxu Emperor who advocated reform was imprisoned here, which was the emperor's sleeping palace.
Hall of Benevolence and Longevity		Hall of Benevolence and Longevity (Qingyi Garden was named Qinzheng Hall at the time), in the Qianlong and Guangxu historical periods, the emperor was the place of administration, the main layout of the furnishings is roughly the same, and they are the specific furnishings of the royal palace. But the furnishings are different, and the Summer Palace period is much more luxurious than the Garden of Clear Ripples period. The central part of the furnishings in the present temple continues to be the same as in the Guangxu period, and the rest of the furnishings have changed slightly. The cultural relics, books and furniture in the original temple are displayed in the temple, and most of them are stored in the cultural relics warehouse.
East Palace Gate		East Palace Gate The lintels and eaves are all painted with brilliant patterns, the six vermilion doors are inlaid with neat yellow doornails, and the middle eaves are hung with a large plaque with nine dragons in gold characters, writing "Summer Palace" in three characters, which is an autograph for the Guangxu Emperor. The Cloud Dragon Stone on the Red steps of the Royal road in front of the door is carved with two dragons playing beads. It was carved in the Qianlong era and is from the ruins of the Old Summer Palace. Anwoo Palace It's a symbol of the emperor's dignity. The East Palace gate was only accessible to the empress of the Qing Dynasty. ^[7] The Hall of Renshou is inside the East Gate of the Summer Palace Gate.
Qingyan Pleasure-Boat		Qingyan Pleasure-Boat colloquially Stone boat At the west end of the corridor, there is a large stone boat, which means "Haiqing River Yan" and is the only western style building in the Summer Palace. It is the predecessor of the Ming Dynasty Yuanjing Temple release platform. When Qianlong built the Qingyi Garden, it was changed into a boat and renamed "Stone Boat". The stone boat is 36 meters long and is made of Marine marble. The ship has a two-story building, the bottom of the ship is paved with tile, the Windows are stained glass, and the top is decorated with brick carving. When it rains, the water that falls on the top of the boat drains into the lake through the hollow pillars at the four corners of the boat. ^[7]
Wenchang Institute		Wenchang Institute Located to the east of Wenchang Pavilion in the Summer Palace, it is the largest and highest-grade cultural relics exhibition hall in Chinese classical gardens. There are six special exhibition halls in the museum, Chen exhibited thousands of fine cultural relics of the Summer Palace from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty, including bronze, jade, porcelain, gold and silver, bamboo and wood tooth horn ware, lacquer ware, furniture, painting and calligraphy, ancient books, enamel, clocks and miscellaneous items, covering many categories of Chinese cultural relics handed down from the ages. Due to the specific royal environment of the Summer Palace, these artworks represented the best level of craftsmanship at that time, and many treasures were important objects of the country at that time; The museum also exhibits some daily necessities of the Qing Dynasty court, which are closely related to the life of the emperor and have outstanding historical value, and are the most authentic physical evidence of Chinese royal culture.
Pavilion of Cultural Prosperity		There are six gates in the Summer Palace (Ziqi Donglai Gate, Suyun Eaves Gate, Yin Hui Gate, Tongyun Gate, Qianfeng Caicui Gate, Pavilion of Cultural Prosperity The largest of the buildings, built in the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), was burned down by the Anglo-French allied forces in 1860 and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. Two floors of the main cabinet, for copper casting Wenchang Dijun And Fairchild, Copper. Wenchang Pavilion and the cloud eaves in the west of Kunming Lake symbolize "civil and military assistance".
Bronze bull		The copper Ox is located on the east bank of Kunming Lake and on the north side of the east bridge of the Seventeen Holes Bridge to suppress the flood. Qianlong twenty years in 1755 with copper casting, called "golden ox". ^[7]
Seventeen hole bridge		Seventeen hole bridge It is located on the Kunming Lake, between the East Causeway and the South Lake Island, connecting the Causeway Island, and is the largest stone bridge in the garden. The stone bridge is 8 meters wide and 150 meters long and consists of 17 bridge holes. There are more than 500 stone lions of different sizes and shapes carved on the railings of the stone bridge. ^[7]

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Architectural pattern

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EDITOR

Park map

The Summer Palace covers an area of 3.009 square kilometers (of which the Summer Palace World Cultural Heritage area is 2.97 square kilometers), about three-quarters of which is water. ^[19] It is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palace garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.

The administrative district centered on the Hall of Renshou was the place where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in court and listened to government and met foreign guests. Behind the Hall of Renshou are three large quadrangles: Le Shou Hall, Yulan Hall and Yiyun Hall, where Cixi, Guangxu and his concubines lived respectively. To the east of Yiyun Hall, the Grand Theatre in the Garden of Virtue and Harmony is one of the three major theatres in Qing Dynasty.

From the Wisdom Sea on the top of Wanshou Mountain, the Summer Palace forms a well-defined central axis consisting of the Buddha Pavilion, the Dehui Hall, the Cloud Expulsion Hall, the cloud expulsion Gate and the Cloud Hui Yufang. At the foot of the mountain is a "long corridor" of more than 700 meters, with more than 8,000 colored paintings on the beam of the corridor, known as "the world's first corridor". Before the long corridor is Kunming Lake. The west embankment of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Embankment of West Lake.

Wanshou Mountain back hill, back lake ancient wood forest, there are Tibetan temples, Suzhou River ancient trading street. At the east end of the Back lake, there is a garden of harmonious interest built after Wuxi Jichang Garden, which is small and exquisite, and is called "Garden of gardens".

The Summer Palace

Cultural relics collection

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EDITOR

During the Qingyi Garden period, Emperor Qianlong had a lot of literature and fun, Shang and Zhou bronzes, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming porcelain jade and calligraphy and painting, at that time recorded more than 40,000 pieces of furnishings, the Qing Court Imperial Household Department Set up a special "display list", file management.

After the Opium War, due to the decline of the national power of the Qing Dynasty, the furnishings of Qingyi Garden were somewhat removed, and by the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), there were 37,583 pieces of furnishings. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), five large imperial gardens in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, including Qingyi Garden, were brutally burned by British and French allied forces. According to the inventory after the looting by the allied forces of England and France, there were only 530 items displayed in the Garden of Qingyi, and many of them were in disrepair.

In 1900, Eight-nation allied forces Invading Beijing, the Summer Palace was ravaged again, and the cultural relics in the garden were destroyed and looted. In 1902, Cixi once again restored the Summer Palace and fully furnished it.

After the founding of New China, there were more than 40,000 cultural relics in the Summer Palace Garden, including bronze, jade, porcelain Wood, lacquer, painting, ancient books, enamel , clocks, bamboo, Musical Instruments, Root carving It covers almost all categories of Chinese cultural relics handed down from generation to generation, and there are many foreign cultural relics; In terms of value, there are more than 20,000 national cultural relics, including Duke Bai Ding of Guo Xuan , Three sacrificial sacrifices Kesi long axis Buddha statues and other national treasures.

Mechanism setup

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EDITOR

section	introduce
Administrative office	Responsible for the government affairs of the whole park, document processing, reception liaison and family planning
Party committee office	To be responsible for the party affairs construction of the whole park
Heritage management division	The protection and administration of cultural relics in the Park shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant national guidelines, policies and regulations on cultural relics protection
laboratory	Responsible for collecting and sorting out historical archives and studying the strategic planning of the Summer Palace
Garden department	To be responsible for the conservation and management of the whole garden greening and the exhibition of festival flower beds
Finance section	To be responsible for the implementation of national financial laws and regulations and the financial management of the whole park
Assets section	To supervise, manage and guide the state-owned assets of the whole park
Department of Ancient construction Engineering	To be responsible for the implementation of national cultural relics and construction laws and regulations and the construction management of the whole park project
Management and operation section	Responsible for the development, operation and management of service facilities, commercial outlets, valuable tickets and special commodities in the park
Personnel section	To be responsible for the management of labor and capital of the whole park
Security section	To be responsible for the management of fire control, internal public security prevention and security of the whole park
Education section	Responsible for external publicity, science popularization and education, the construction and management of the whole park's image materials and network information
Heritage monitoring centre	To be responsible for the monitoring, protection and management of the world cultural heritage in the Park
The Communist Youth League of trade unions	Do a good job in ideological and political work, work around the various centers of the park, and lead the youth members to actively participate in the construction and development of the park ^[9]

Scientific research achievement

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EDITOR

date	Project name	achievement
From 2016 to 2018	Establishment of a large tree shaping and pruning model based on landscape combing -- a case study of the Summer Palace	Beijing Park Management Center Science and technology progress third prize
2015 -2017	Research on the history and culture of praying for rain in the Summer Palace (Qingyi Garden)	Beijing Park Management Center Science and technology progress prize
2015 -2017	Study on integrated control technology of Gymnocera chinensis	Beijing Park Management Center Science and technology progress prize
2013-2015	A preliminary study of longevity culture system in the Summer Palace	Beijing Park Management Center Science and technology progress prize
2004-2005	Research and protection of historical information of architectural color paintings in the Summer Palace	The first prize of Science and Technology Progress of the Garden Bureau, the publication of the book "Summer Palace Architectural Painting Art"
From 2001 to 2005	Study on protection of Summer Palace, a World Heritage in the construction of Haidian Science City in Zhongguancun	First prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau
From 2003 to 2006	Development and application of urban green land cover plants
2003-2004	Summer Palace power supply and distribution and coal to electrician	Park Bureau science and technology achievements promotion Award second prize
2002-2003	New tree protection and repair technology of ancient willow	Park Bureau science and technology achievements promotion Award second prize
From 1999 to 2001	Study on the protection of World Cultural Heritage -- Summer Palace	Park Bureau science and technology achievements promotion Award second prize
From 1999 to 2001	Discussion on planting and maintenance technology of large-size seedling under special conditions	Park Bureau science and technology achievements promotion Award second prize
The year 1999	Acoustic measurement and analysis of the stage of the Grand Theatre in Dehe Garden and the Oriole Pavilion in the Summer Palace	First prize of Science and technology achievements Promotion Award of the Garden Bureau
From 1994 to 1999	Research on decorative patterns of Royal Garden architecture (including brick carving patterns, color painting patterns, stone carving, wood carving, wood decoration)	Brick carving pattern won the first prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau, the first prize of science and technology progress of the city, the book "Summer Palace Brick Art"
From 1996 to 1998	Study on the management mode of cold season lawn in Summer Palace	First prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau
From 1996 to 1998	Discussion on the restoration of green layout in Qingyi Garden period	Garden Bureau science and technology progress third prize
The year 1997	3500 years of historical changes of Kunming Lake	First prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau
From 1995 to 1997	A preliminary study on the cause of endangered ancient trees	First prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau
From 1995 to 1997	Study on the planting and maintenance mode of permanent high quality lawn in Summer Palace	Garden Bureau science and technology progress prize
1995-1996	Research on computer network and graphic information management system of Summer Palace	City science and technology progress first prize
1993-1995	Study on the overwintering of osmanthus flower in the open field in Beijing area	First prize of science and technology progress of the Garden Bureau
From 1991 to 1995	Study on climate change and environmental change in the western Mountains of Beijing based on the bottom sediments of Kunming Lake	Second Prize of Scientific and Technological Achievements of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, published a book "Research on the Sediments of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace over 3500 Years"

^[10]

Cultural construction

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EDITOR

Book publishing

The year 1986	" Interesting stories about the Summer Palace "
The year 1994	Famous Human Feelings in the Summer Palace
The year 2000	The 250th Anniversary of the Summer Palace The Summer Palace cultural relics "" Summer Palace Culture Study "" The Summer Palace brick carving art "
The year 2002	The first issue of Summer Palace magazine
The year 2003	Summer Palace Magazine, issue 2
The year 2004	Summer Palace Magazine 3rd Issue, Beijing Chronicle, World Cultural Heritage Volume, Summer Palace Chronicle
The year 2005	Summer Palace Magazine No.4, Summer Palace architectural color painting art "
The year 2006	"Cloud Hall of the Summer Palace - Foxiang Pavilion - Corridor Overhaul Record" Annals of the Summer Palace "
The year 2007	Summer Palace Magazine No.5
The year 2008	Summer Palace Magazine No.6, Summer Palace Tour "
The year 2009	" Research on night-view lighting technology of classical garden in Summer Palace "
The year 2010	Summer Palace Magazine No.7, Collection of Summer Palace Studies Huber Wass painted oil portrait of Cixi: History and restoration Qing Dynasty Emperor's Poem on the Scenery of the Qingyi Garden on Wanshou Mountain
The year 2011	Summer Palace Magazine No.8, The Summer Palace contains furniture from Ming and Qing dynasties Renhe Long Life - Treasures Exhibition of the Summer Palace, the 300th anniversary of Qianlong's Birth
The year 2012	Unmatched Wind and Moon -- A Guide to Life in Qianlong's Summer Palace
The year 2018	" Famous Garden Records: Selected poems of the Summer Palace during the Republic of China "
2019	The Summer Palace Old photos of Famous Gardens: Collection of old photos of the Summer Palace " ^[11]

Hold an event

"Yi and Autumn charm" osmanthus culture exhibition

Summer Palace osmanthus flower

Summer Palace Osmanthus fragrans From the Qing court, after several generations of upbringing, continuous exploration, expansion and innovation, potted osmanthus flowers have developed into the Summer Palace brand flowers. Since 2002, the Summer Palace has held the "Yihe Autumn Charm" osmanthus Cultural Festival every year, which is characterized by simple containers, rich flowers, appropriate flowering period and perfect tree shape, and maximizes the fine art culture of the Summer Palace brand flowers. At the same time, in the form of potted plants, participated in the first and second China osmanthus Culture Exhibition and China Flower Expo, Garden Expo and other competitions, and won the highest awards ^[12] .

"Proud fragrance" plum blossom, wax plum spring cultural exhibition

From the first day of the first month to the 20th day of the first month in 2012, the Summer Palace Garden Hanyuan Hall will be held for the first time Plum blossom , wintersweet "Two Plum" bonsai art exhibition, focusing on the display of 13 varieties of plum blossom, wintersweet plum, spring, black pine, five-needle pine, purple bamboo and other 52 POTS of bonsai. ^[13] Since then, the "Two Plum Exhibition" has been held every year. In 2017, a total of nearly 200 POTS of flower bonsai featuring plum blossom and wintersweet were exhibited, of which about 70 POTS were ancient piles of plum blossom, with an age of nearly 100 years. ^[14]

Important event

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EDITOR

The Summer Palace is the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the supreme rulers of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), a small power plant was built on the right side of the east palace gate of the Summer Palace, called "Summer Palace Electric Light Office", to provide electric lighting for the Summer Palace. The institute and the city's "Xiyuan Electric Light Office" are the earliest power generation facilities in Beijing ^[15] . In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the eight-power Allied forces invaded Beijing, and the two sets of generators and lamp equipment of Xiyuan and Summer Palace Electric Lamp Office were destroyed. In 1902, the Qing government raised 124,900 taels of silver to rebuild the two power facilities of Xiyuan and Summer Palace. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Xiyuan Electric Lamp Office resumed power generation; In May of the same year, electric lights were lit again in the Summer Palace.

On April 28 (June 16, 1898), the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Emperor Guangxu summoned Kang Youwei in the Renshou Hall of the Summer Palace, ordered Kang to walk on the Zhangjing of the General Administration, and allowed him to perform the ceremony. After the announcement of the reform on April 23, Emperor Guangxu went to the Summer Palace 12 times to summon reformers to plan the reform. At the beginning of August 4 (September 19), Empress Dowager Cixi returned to the palace from the Summer Palace. Two days later, she launched a coup d 'etat, imprisoned the Guangxu Emperor, arrested and killed reformists, and the Reform failed. During the period of reform (June to September), Cixi stayed at the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace became the center for the old guard to oppose the reform and prepare for the coup d 'etat ^[15] . After the failure of the reform, Guangxu was confined to the Yulan Hall in the garden for a long time.

On July 21 (August 15), the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the eight-power allied forces occupied Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled through the Summer Palace. On July 25 (August 19), the Russian army first occupied the Summer Palace. Later, the Japanese, British, and Italian armies successively occupied. During the occupation of the Summer Palace, the treasures stored were looted by the invaders, and many buildings were burned down.

On June 2, the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), a famous scholar in modern China Wang Guowei He sank in Kunming Lake at the Summer Palace, aged 50 ^[16] .

On January 23, 2022, the Summer Palace opened an area of 20,000 square meters in Zaojiandang Lake for the first time, setting snow circle slides, ice maze, snow slide, snow ball, snow tank, electric dog sled and other snow entertainment projects, and the eighth "Dream Winter Olympics, Meet and enjoy" activity also brought more happy winter time for visitors because of the opening of the snow resort. ^[22]

On February 4, 2022, the Beijing Winter Olympic Torch relay in the Summer Palace, a distance of 6.182 km, by 97 torchbearers completed the relay. ^[23]

On January 10, 2024, the bronze window of Baoyun Pavilion, which had been lost overseas, was hidden in the Summer Palace. ^[32]

Honor received

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EDITOR

time	honor
March 4, 1961	The Summer Palace was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics under protection
November 1998	Be included in the World Heritage List "
8 May 2007	The Summer Palace has been officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction
The year 2009	The Summer Palace was selected by the China World Record Association as the largest existing imperial garden in China ^[1]
June 2020	The Summer Palace ranked 3rd in the "Top 100 5A Scenic Spot Brands in 2019" ^[1]
August 2021	It was confirmed by the Chinese Overseas Chinese Federation as the ninth batch of Chinese overseas Chinese international cultural exchange base ^[1]
November 2021	It was rated as the first batch of national civilized tourism demonstration units by the National Tourism Standardization Technical Committee ^[1]
December 2022	It was selected into the Top 100 AAAAA scenic spot Brand Influence list in November 2022 ^[1]
December 27, 2022	Selected in the second batch of Beijing immovable revolutionary cultural relics list ^[26]

Tourist information

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EDITOR

Opening hours	Park opening hours Peak season (April 1 - October 31) : Open at 6:00, stop at 19:00, close at 20:00. Off-season (November 1 - March 31) : Open at 6:30, stop at 18:00, close at 19:00.
Opening hours	Attraction courtyard opening hours (1) Buddha Pavilion, Garden of Virtue, Summer Palace Museum, Suzhou Street Peak season (April 1 - October 31) : Open at 8:00, stop entry at 17:30, close at 18:00. Off-season (November 1 - March 31) : Open at 8:30, stop entry at 16:30, close at 17:00. The above attractions are closed on Mondays (except statutory holidays). (2) Jiqing Xuan, Garden of Harmonious Interest, Yishou Hall, Qinghua Xuan, Yulan Hall, Cultivation Weaving Diagram Water Exercise School, Nanhu Island courtyard Peak season (April 1 - October 31) : Open at 8:00, close at 18:00. Off-season (November 1 - March 31) : Open at 8:30, close at 17:00. Yishou Hall, Jiqing Hall, Nanhu Island Courtyard, and Water Exercise School are closed on Mondays (except legal holidays). ^[2] From September 28, 2018, the park will stop selling tickets when it is "full". The Summer Palace has been reduced from 80,000 people in 2015 to 56,000 and 50,000 people respectively. "The reduction is mainly due to the safety and comfort of the park, but also to consider the endurance of cultural relics, such as noise and lighting will have an impact on ancient cultural relics." When the number of people entering the park reaches the maximum carrying capacity of the day, the park will stop selling tickets on the day and close all ticket Windows; When the maximum carrying capacity of tourists reaches the scenic spot, the park will suspend ticket sales and suspend entry into the park. ^[17] ^[24]
Water route	On April 1, 2023, the "Royal River Cruise" from Beijing Zoo to the Summer Palace was officially launched Be open for navigation ^[27] .
Ticket information	Summer Palace tickets: 30 yuan/ticket (high season), 20 yuan/ticket (low season), there are half price tickets. Summer Palace Ticket: 60 yuan/ticket (high season), 50 yuan/ticket (low season), half price tickets. 1. Joint ticket includes tickets and garden within Garden (Garden within Garden includes Wenchang Yuan, Dehe Garden, Foxiang Pavilion and Suzhou Street). 2, tickets and joint tickets have preferential tickets, discount tickets: 15 yuan. ^[2] Starting from December 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022, the 2022 Park Visit Annual Pass is officially available. ^[21]

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