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International Olympic Committee

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The governing body of the Olympic Movement

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The International Olympic Committee, for short International Olympic Committee , is an international, non-governmental, non-profit organization, yes Olympic movement The leading body, it was acquired on September 17, 1981 Federal Assembly of Switzerland It is recognized as an international institution with legal personality that exists indefinitely, with its headquarters located at Switzerland Lausanne . By the French Pierre de Coubertin Established. The first president is Zemetrius Vykelas . According to the 6th page of People's Daily (Overseas edition) on January 16, 2017, the International Olympic Committee has 100 members and 32 honorary members. ^[1]

On June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee held a meeting Paris The International Sports Congress was organized by French educators Pierre de Coubertin BARON . The International Olympic Committee was founded in Paris in 1914 World War I In order to avoid the war, on April 10, 1915, it moved to Lausanne, Switzerland, known as the "International City of Culture".

According to the ideals of Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Movement, the purpose of reviving the Olympic Movement is to strengthen friendship and solidarity among athletes of all countries, promote world peace and mutual understanding among peoples, and develop world sport. " Olympic charter The purposes of the IOC are: to encourage, organize and develop sport and to organize competition; in Olympic ideal To guide, inspire and lead the sport, thereby promoting and strengthening friendship among athletes of all nations.

Organized by the International Olympic Committee Olympic Games , Youth Olympic Games , Winter Olympic Games , Paralympic Games . It organized the first Summer Olympics in 1896 in Greece Athens The first Winter Olympics were held in France in 1924 Chamonix Hold.

The International Olympic Committee is ranked 125th in the 2018 World's Top 500 Brands list. ^[2] On September 28, 2022, the International Olympic Committee announced a new visual identity system . ^[30]

Chinese name: International Olympic Committee
Foreign name: International Olympic Committee (English)
Comité international olympiqu (in French)
Establishment time: June 23, 1894
Office address: Switzerland Lausanne (Lausanne)
nature: An international, non-governmental, non-profit organization

Abbreviated form: International Olympic Committee (IOC)
member: 206
Official language: English and French
Official website: https://olympics.com/ ^[23]
creator: Pierre de Coubertin ( France )
Current chairman: Thomas Bach ^[21]

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EDITOR

At the beginning of establishment

The founding of the International Olympic Committee

June 16-24, 1894, at the suggestion of the world famous international sports activist, the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin, from France , Britain , Greece , Sweden , Italy , Russia ( Russia ), Belgium , Czechoslovakia , NZ , America , Argentina , Hungary Representatives of 49 sports organizations from 12 countries, in Paris The Sorbonne Hold an international sports congress. At the opening ceremony, the famous French ancient Greek culture expert Cheodor Lerach delivered a speech, and the chorus of the National Opera of Paris sang the Apollo carol for the conference, arousing the participants' fascination for the ancient Olympic Games. ^[3]

During the conference, another 21 countries sent letters to the Conference expressing their support and congratulations. The meeting passed a resolution establishing the International Olympic Committee (established on June 23, 1894, under the name of "International Committee of the Olympic Games"), and elected 15 members of the first IOC from 79 official delegates. The General Assembly also decided that the IOC member of the country hosting the Olympic Games should be the president of the IOC. Since the first Olympic Games were scheduled to be held in 1896 in Athens, the Greek capital, the Greek committee Zemetrius Vykelas Elected the first president of the International Olympic Committee, Pierre de Coubertin as Secretary-General.

The meeting made French (now English and French) the official language of the IOC. The Congress also decided to follow the ancient Olympic tradition of holding the Games every four years, and also stipulated that the Olympic Games will be held in track and field, water sports (including sailing, rowing, swimming), fencing, wrestling, boxing, equestrian, shooting, gymnastics, ball games, etc. The first Olympic Games were to be held in Paris in 1900, but Coubertin respected everyone's opinion that Greece, the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, would be more important to hold in Greece than in Paris. The Congress decided to change the date of the first session to 1896, because the site of the ancient Olympic Games Olympia was in ruins, and the venue was changed to the Greek capital Athens .

The Olympic Games first began Ancient Greek the Olympia It was gradually developed by some competitions held by the ancient Greek people for the worship of gods and heroes. It was held in the ancient Greek city of Athens 360 kilometers southwest of the village of Olympia, hence the name.

The first ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BC and were held 293 times. afterwards Roman Empire After the invasion of Ancient Greece, the Games were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in 393 AD because of his Christianity and the prohibition of all pagan activities. ^[1]

In 1889, Baron de Coubertin of France proposed the restoration of the Olympic movement. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Greece in 1896. It will be held every four years. Even if it cannot be held for some reason, the number of sessions is still counted in order (the 6th, 12th and 13th sessions were not held). The 6th was not held due to the outbreak of World War I, and the 12th and 13th were not held due to World War II The outbreak failed to take place). By 2021, the Games will have been held 32 times. ^[48]

It was first called the "International Olympic Committee" by a French newspaper in 1897, and officially adopted its current name in 1901.

The year 1914 World War I The headquarters were moved from Paris to Switzerland on 10 April 1915 to avoid looting Lausanne .

Chinese origin

The Chinese National Olympic Committee was recognized by the International Olympic Committee as early as 1922. Wang Zhengting Became China's first member of the International Olympic Committee). Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, China had sent athletes to participate in the 1932, 1936 and 1948 Olympic Games.

After the founding of New China, China sent its first team to participate in the 15th Olympic Games held in Helsinki in 1952. In 1958, China announced that it would cut off its relations with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) over the Taiwan issue.

In October 1979, the IOC Executive Board adopted a resolution in Nagoya, recognizing the Chinese Olympic Committee as the "Chinese Olympic Committee" and using the flag and national anthem of the People's Republic of China, while specifying that the Taipei-based Olympic Committee should be the "Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" and use "flags, songs and emblems different from those currently in use." On November 26, 1979, the IOC formally approved the resolution by means of a communication vote, thus restoring China's legal rights in the International Olympic Movement.

China has sent teams to the Winter Olympic Games since 1980 and the Summer Olympic Games since 1984, and achieved a historic "zero breakthrough" in gold MEDALS at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.

In recent years, the Chinese Olympic Committee has maintained good relations with the International Olympic Committee. Beijing successfully hosted the 29th Summer Olympic Games in 2008, and Nanjing successfully hosted the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games in 2014. On July 31, 2015, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province won the bid to host the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics was successfully held from February 4 to 20.

On November 19, 2013, Xi Jinping The president met with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach and received the Olympic Gold Medal. On May 6, 2023, Premier Li Qiang met with International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach. ^[38] ^[47]

On February 19, 2022, at the 139th IOC Plenary Session, IOC President Thomas Bach presented the Olympic Cup to all the Chinese people to thank the Chinese people for their outstanding contribution to the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. ^[26]

Start the TOP plan

In 1985, the International Olympic Committee launched the Olympic Global Partnership Program (TOP Program), every four years, and since the implementation of the TOP marketing program, this revenue has been rising and approaching television rights revenue.

In 1986, the International Olympic Committee awarded the Chinese Olympic Committee the Olympic Cup in recognition of China's great contribution to sports assistance to developing countries, especially to African countries.

In August 1989, He Zhenliang He was elected vice president of the International Olympic Committee, the first time a Chinese has held the post.

In 1993, the Chinese Olympic Committee applied to the International Olympic Committee for Beijing to host the 2000 Games, but was defeated by two votes.

On 20 June 1993, the IOC Executive Board decided to grant provisional recognition Macedonia For its members. In September of that year, Palestine Was accepted as a temporary member.

In September 1993, Burundi , Cape Verde , The Comoros Islands , SAO Tome and Principe , Dominica Wait to be accepted as a new member.

In June 1994, Nauru Join the International Olympic Committee.

From 29 August to 3 September 1994, The 12th Olympic Congress It was held in Paris as part of celebrations marking the 100th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement. A total of 3,427 delegates attended the General Assembly, including: 101 members and honorary members of the International Olympic Committee; 132 delegates from 48 international federations; 407 representatives from 191 national or regional Olympic Committees; 67 athletes represented; Journalists represented 738 people. A total of 439 speakers addressed the conference.

In July 1995, Cambodia , Guinea-Bissau Join the International Olympic Committee.

In 1996, the International Olympic Committee and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) signed a cooperation agreement in which the two sides agreed to take concrete and active measures to benefit people in rural areas around the world. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Mercedes-Benz have signed a 6 million mark "Olympic Programme for Africa" for the development of sports in six African countries.

In 1997 and 1998, the International Olympic Committee approved Chinese Olympic Committee The assistance, twice to Democratic People's Republic of Korea The sports community has provided food assistance. In addition, the International Olympic Committee also to City of Barcelona Sign a contract to help rebuild Sarajevo The Zatra sports facilities.

On March 5, 1997, the IOC signed a $2.3 billion television rights contract with the American Broadcasting Company (NBC). Under the agreement, the International Olympic Committee granted NBC the rights to broadcast the 2004 Olympic Games, the 2006 Winter Olympics, and the 2008 Olympic Games within the United States, and in May, the IOC and the United States Sydney Olympic Games The Organizing Committee has jointly signed a $350 million contract with the European Broadcasting Corporation (EBU). In addition, the International Olympic Committee has developed a" Olympic plan (TDP), utilised Five rings Logos and National Olympic Committees emblem And the name for marketing. The implementation of this plan has benefited national Olympic Committees, especially those from developing countries.

July 3, 1997 - President of the International Olympic Committee Samaranch announce Hong Kong Will participate in the Olympic Games under the name "Hong Kong, China".

In December 1998, Palau , Eritrea Join the International Olympic Committee.

On January 6, 1999, the plenary session of the Chinese Olympic Committee was held in Beijing, and it was decided that Beijing would once again represent China in bidding for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.

In February 1999, the International Olympic Committee convened the World Anti-Doping Conference in Lausanne. The Conference adopted the Lausanne Declaration and decided to establish a worldwide, independent World Anti-Doping Organization (WADA). WADA ). The International Olympic Committee has pledged $25 million to the agency.

In October 1999, the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee in Athens decided to hold a World Youth Day every four years in the birthplace of the Olympic Games.

On March 6, 2000, the International Olympic Committee awarded the "Women and Sports Award" to the Chinese Women's football team in Paris.

In July 2001, at the 112th IOC Session, Peking Won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games.

At the initiative of the International Olympic Committee, the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly in 2001 adopted a resolution sponsored by more than 170 countries of the world entitled "Building a peaceful and better world through Sport and the Olympic Ideal", calling for the realization of "a peaceful and better world through Sport and the Olympic Ideal" during the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympic Games. Olympic truce ".

In July 2003, the 115th session of the International Olympic Committee was held Bragg Convened. After two rounds of voting, Vancouver In the end, it won 56 votes to become the host city of the 21st Winter Olympic Games in 2010.

On July 8, 2011, whereas The Netherlands Antilles Officially dissolved on 10 October 2010, the 123rd IOC Plenary Session revoked the NOC of the Netherlands Antilles and approved a series of measures to protect as far as possible the interests of the country's athletes, in particular their participation in the London 2012 Olympic Games.

On September 9, 2013, the 125th session of the International Olympic Committee was held Argentina The capital Buenos Aires has voted for a new president of the International Olympic Committee. Thomas Bach of Germany won out of six candidates to become the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee for an eight-year term. The previous president, Jacques Rogge, retired. After two rounds of voting, Tokyo was awarded the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was the first time Tokyo had hosted the Summer Olympics since 1964. ^[4]

On May 9, 2014, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that NBC had signed a $7.5 billion deal with the IOC for the exclusive rights to broadcast the Olympic Games from 2021 to 2032. The agreement also calls for NBC to pay an additional $100 million to promote multiple sports between 2015 and 2020.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, NBC has been the sole broadcast rights of the Olympic Games, which signed a document in 2011 for $4.4 billion to broadcast every Olympic Games from 2014 to 2020. ^[6]

All-out efforts against corruption

In 2004, Indonesian IOC member Hasan was sentenced for illegal activities related to a construction project. He was expelled from the International Olympic Committee in August of that year.

In 2005, the former vice president of the International Olympic Committee, a South Korean Jin Yunlong Forced to resign. He had already been suspended in connection with a sports-money corruption case in South Korea. He had to resign in order to avoid being expelled from the Olympic Committee.

In 2004, Bulgaria Member of the International Olympic Committee Ivan Slavkov Was expelled from the International Olympic Committee on suspicion of corruption.

December 2005 - IOC member, former French Minister of Sport and 1976 Montreal Olympic Games 110m hurdles Gold medalist Derut was suspended in a corruption case.

15, 2006, South Korean member of the International Olympic Committee Park Young Sung Has been temporarily suspended from the council for alleged embezzlement. The IOC said in a statement that Mr. Park "will be temporarily stripped of all rights related to his membership of the IOC" while the IOC ethics Commission investigates him.

On 7 December 2013, International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach said India could face expulsion if it fails to comply with Olympic anti-corruption rules. ^[5]

In December 2015, the International Olympic Committee officially announced the anti-corruption hotline on its official website - an unprecedented move in history. Starting in 2016, financial and management audits of international sports organizations will be carried out under the auspices of independent third-party organizations, including the International Olympic Committee and the Organizing Commission for the Olympic Games.

Start Olympic reform

On 8 December 2014, the IOC voted at its 127th plenary session in Monaco Olympic Agenda 2020 The reform proposal was unanimously approved (96 of the 104 IOC members were present and 8 were absent). The International Olympic Committee's Olympic reform begins. The plenary voted at the same time to formally accept Kosovo The Olympic Committee became a member. ^[7]

Under the new bidding system, the IOC will change the "bid" to "invitation", the bidding city can discuss with the IOC in the invitation stage, and must integrate the hosting of the Olympic Games into its own development plan, rather than the reverse, the IOC even allows cross-city, cross-border joint bidding, but Bach said that it must be "special circumstances special." Under the new Olympic rules, the International Olympic Committee changed the major sports basis system to the minor sports basis system, which is no longer limited to 28 major sports, but by stipulating the total number of athletes, officials and minor sports to achieve scale control, among which the "cap" of the Summer Olympic Games is 10,500 athletes and 310 minor sports. For the Winter Olympics, there are 2,900 athletes and 100 events. The host will have more initiative in the issue of additional items. ^[8]

On July 31, 2015, the 128th IOC Plenary Session was held in Kuala Lumpur, after the vote of 85 IOC members, IOC President Thomas Bach announced, Beijing acquired 2022 Winter Olympics Right to host . Beijing became the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, while Lausanne in southwestern Switzerland was awarded the 2020 Young Winter Olympics. ^[9]

By a vote of all IOC Association members on 2 August 2015, South Sudan Received the final endorsement from the International Olympic Committee and became the newest member of the Olympic family, the 206th member. ^[10]

On 3 June 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) issued a communique announcing the formation of a Refugee Olympic team for the upcoming Rio Olympic Games. The Refugee Olympic team consists of 10 athletes, including five South Sudan Refugees, 2 Syria Refugees, 2 Democratic Republic of the Congo Refugee and 1 Ethiopia Refugee. They will compete in athletics, swimming and judo at the Rio Olympics. ^[11] The plenary voted to adopt it at the same time karate Five sports - skateboarding, competitive climbing, surfing and baseball and softball - have entered the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.

On July 11, 2017, the 130th session of the International Olympic Committee voted unanimously to decide that the host city of the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympic Games will be selected at the same time, the only suspense is the two bidding cities Los Angeles and Paris who will host first. ^[12]

On June 23, 2019, the International Olympic Committee held the opening of the new IOC headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland. ^[13]

Local time on October 16, 2021, the International Olympic Committee Executive Board Greece Athens Hold a meeting. In a statement issued after the meeting, the IOC executive board said it took note of FIFA's plans to change the football calendar and hold the World Cup every two years, It is also noted that some international federations, national associations, clubs, players, players' associations and coaches have expressed strong concerns about the plan to generate more revenue for FIFA. There are three main concerns: First, the shortened frequency of the World Cup will conflict with other major international sports, including tennis, cycling, golf, gymnastics, swimming, athletics, Formula One and many others. This will undermine the diversity and growth of sports other than football; Second, gender equality. According to FIFA's plan, there will be a further increase in men's football, which will pose a challenge to promote the development of women's football; Third, player welfare. FIFA (International Football Association) The plan for the World Cup to be held every two years, in particular, will place further enormous pressure on the physical and mental health of the players. The IOC shares these concerns and supports the call by football's stakeholders, International federations and major event organisers for wider consultation, including with athlete representatives. FIFA passed a resolution in May 2021 to conduct a feasibility study on the plan to hold the World Cup every two years. FIFA could act on the plan as soon as its December 2021 meeting Vote. ^[25]

On September 9, 2021, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the China Media Group (CMG) jointly announced the new cycle Chinese mainland and Macau Regional exclusive Olympic broadcasting rights cooperation has been agreed. The partnership events include the 25th Winter Olympics in Milan-Cortina d 'Ampezzo in 2026, the 34th Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 2028, the 26th Winter Olympics in 2030 and the 35th Summer Olympics in Brisbane in 2032. ^[41]

In May 2022, according to Japanese media reports, the International Olympic Committee will send a delegation to Hokkaido, Japan, at the end of May to investigate Sapporo's bid for the 2030 Winter Olympics. ^[28]

On July 3, 2022, according to AFP Kiev, IOC President Thomas Bach announced that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will hold the Olympic Games Ukraine Triple direct financial aid for athletes.

2022 local time On September 9th, The International Olympic Committee Lausanne The "Olympic Forest Network" proposed by the National (regional) Olympic Committees was announced. project ^[29] .

On September 28, 2022, the International Olympic Committee announced a new visual identity system To introduce a modern element to the more than 100-year old Olympic symbol ^[30] .

On 16 November 2022, the International Olympic Committee announced that the first Olympic esports Week will be held in Singapore from 22 to 25 June 2023. ^[31]

On December 6, 2022, the International Olympic Committee announced that due to climate change and its impact on winter sports, they would break with tradition and not announce the site of the 2030 Winter Olympics for seven years before the games. ^[32] In December, according to the official website of the International Olympic Committee on the 6th news, the International Olympic Committee has received the latest situation report of the North Korean Olympic Committee, the suspension period of the North Korean Olympic Committee will be automatically terminated on December 31, 2022. South Korean media speculated that North Korea Athletes are expected to participate Paris 2024 Olympic Games . ^[33]

Lausanne on June 22, 2023 local time, the International Olympic Committee held an online plenary session and decided to withdraw the competition according to the recommendation of the Executive Board International Boxing Federation The recognition of... ^[36]

On 15 October 2023, the 141st Plenary Session of the IOC adopted the amendment to the Olympic Charter. The "Fundamental Principles of Olympism" added language on respect for human rights, and Article 40 added provisions on freedom of expression for athletes, team officials and other persons at the Olympic Games. ^[45]

2024 On June 23rd, On the occasion of the 130th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee, the Paris Olympic Flame will arrive at the site of the first Winter Olympics Chamonix And held celebrations here. ^[37]

On September 6, Beijing time, Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, announced the blockbuster news that the International Olympic Committee will look to the future of e-sports for the first time in history and set up a new e-sports Committee (Esports) Commission). ^[40]

Articles of association

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EDITOR

" Olympic charter The Olympic Charter, also known as the Olympic Charter or Rules, is the general charter of the International Olympic Committee for the development of the Olympic Movement. The first statute was proposed and formulated by Coubertin.

It was adopted in June 1894 at the International Sports Conference in Paris. The main content is the basic purposes and principles of the Olympic Movement, as well as matters related to the holding of the Olympic Games. It has been revised and supplemented many times over the decades, but the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.

The Olympic Charter is the highest legal document of the Olympic Movement established by the International Olympic Committee. The Charter clearly stipulates the organization, purposes, principles, membership, institutions and their respective areas of competence of the Olympic Movement, as well as the basic procedures for the various Olympic activities. This legal document is the most basic standard governing the conduct of all participants in Olympic activities and the basis for cooperation between all parties.

The Olympic Charter has evolved with the development of the Olympic Movement. When the IOC was founded in 1894, there were no specific rules and regulations, but some basic intentions and principles were established, such as holding the Olympic Games every four years and the relationship between the IOC and the government.

The first document to have the character of a charter was the article "The Status of the International Olympic Committee" drafted by Pierre de Coubertin in 1908. This document has made a relatively clear explanation of the tasks, organization and management of the IOC, and the way in which members are elected. Subsequently, on the basis of this document, the regulations of the Olympic Movement were gradually formed. For a long time, these regulations were given confusing names, such as "Olympic Rules", "Olympic Statutes" and "Olympic Regulations". Since 1978, the International Olympic Committee has officially used the name "Olympic Charter". In practice, for the convenience of expression, these former regulations with different names are also called "Olympic Charters".

With the development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC has made many amendments to the Olympic Charter in response to changing circumstances, while maintaining the basic principles and spirit of the Olympic Games.

The current Olympic Charter was adopted by the International Olympic Committee on 18 July 1996 Atlanta Approved at the 105th plenary meeting. The Charter consists of six parts: "Fundamental Principles", "Olympic Movement", "International Olympic Committee", "International Federations", "National Olympic Committees" and "Olympic Games", with a total of 74 paragraphs, which clearly stipulate important aspects of the idea, organization, activities and system of the Olympic Movement. The Olympic Charter contains the following elements:

1. This paper expounds the purpose of the Olympic movement, determines the goal of the Olympic movement, and defines the development direction of the Olympic movement.

2. defined Olympism The Olympic Spirit and other important concepts have laid the ideological foundation for the Olympic Movement to achieve its goals;

3. To codify the organization of the Olympic Movement in the form of legal provisions, yes Olympic family The respective positions, functions, tasks and relationships of the three pillars (namely, the IOC, the NOCs and the IFS) within the movement have been clearly stated and defined, ensuring their independence and interconnecting them to form a complete functional system. Thus providing an organizational basis commensurate with the Olympic Movement;

4. It defines the basic contents of the Olympic Movement, such as the Olympic Games, mass sports activities and Olympic educational and cultural activities.

Main task

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EDITOR

The International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority of the Olympic movement. The IOC leads the Olympic Movement in accordance with the Olympic Charter. Its specific tasks are:

To be responsible for the coordination, organization and development of sports activities and sports competitions; To cooperate with competent organizations and authorities, whether official or civil, in their efforts to put sport and physical education at the service of humanity;

Ensure the normal holding of the Olympic Games. To oppose and support any discrimination that endangers the Olympic Movement and to promote the development of sporting ethics;

To work towards the universal application of the spirit of fair play in sport, to eliminate violence and to lead the fight against doping in sport;

Taking measures aimed at preventing risks to the health of athletes;

Oppose the misuse of sport and athletes for any political or commercial purpose, strive to ensure that the Olympic Games are held in conditions that ensure the environment, and support other institutions dedicated to Olympic education. ^[14]

Principal right

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EDITOR

The IOC shall have full rights over the Olympic Games, including the right to organize, develop, broadcast and reproduce the Olympic Games;

All rights relating to the Olympic symbol, the Olympic flag, the Olympic motto and the Olympic anthem also belong exclusively to the IOC.

The right to withdraw recognition of International federations, to withdraw major, sub-or minor sports from the Olympic programme, to withdraw recognition of national Olympic Committees, and even to withdraw the right of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games to host the Games.

Not only that, it also has the power to punish all the violators of the Olympic Games, from athletes and referees to delegation officials and administrators. Of course, the IOC needs evidence Olympic Charter To exercise their power.

Principal institution

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EDITOR

The IOC is composed of the IOC General Committee, the Executive Board, the headquarters and special committees.

Whole committee

IOC Session )

For short Ioc Plenary session It is the highest authority of the International Olympic Committee, and the decision-making power of all major issues in the Olympic movement is controlled by the plenary session. It has the power to adopt, amend and interpret the Olympic Charter and to approve the admission of new IOC members; Electing the IOC President, Vice-President and Executive Board members; Select the city to host the Olympic Games, and approve the installation or withdrawal of major sports from the Olympic program; Recognition or withdrawal of NOCs and IFs from the Olympic family, etc. The decision of the plenary session is final. The Plenum meets at least once a year. Special plenary meetings may be convened by the President or at the written request of at least one third of the members. Notice of the convening of a plenary or special meeting shall be sent to the members by the Chairman at least one month in advance, together with the agenda of the meeting. The plenary may delegate to the Executive Committee. Since 1985, the IOC has banned smoking in its plenary and executive Board meetings. From its founding until March 2021, the IOC has held 117 plenary sessions. ^[21]

Executive committee

IOC Executive Board (IOC Executive Board) )

The IOC Executive Board is the body that deals with the daily affairs of the IOC and is authorized by the plenary session to exercise the duties of the IOC. The members of the Executive Board are elected by secret ballot by the IOC Plenary Session. The Chairman of the Executive Committee serves an eight-year term and can be re-elected once, but only for a four-year term. The term of office of the Vice President and other members is 4 years. An Executive Committee member whose term has expired cannot run for re-election unless he runs for vice Chairman or Chairman.

The powers and duties of the Executive Board are to maintain the Olympic Charter, assume ultimate responsibility for the administration of the IOC, approve the internal organization of the IOC, its organizational system and all internal regulations relating to its organization, be responsible for the financial management of the IOC, and prepare the annual report; To report to the Plenum on proposed changes to the relevant rules or bylaws, and to recommend to the IOC Plenum a list of candidates for IOC membership; Setting the agenda of the IOC Plenary session; To appoint and remove, on the proposal of the Chairman of the Executive Committee, the Director General and the Secretary General, and to decide on their promotion, punishment and emoluments; Keeping IOC archives; To make all necessary regulations in the form it deems most appropriate (regulations, regulations, standards, guidelines, instructions, instructions) to ensure the correct application of the Olympic Charter and the conduct of the Olympic Games; To perform all other duties assigned by the plenary. Meetings of the Organizing Committee shall be convened by the Chairman at the proposal of the Chairman or at the request of a majority of the members of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee meets 4-5 times a year. ^[1]

chairman

President of the International Olympic Committee

The President of the IOC is the legal representative of the IOC and presides over all the activities of the IOC. Have the power to establish permanent or, if necessary, temporary committees and working groups, to define their terms of reference and to appoint their members. Once they are considered to have completed their work, it may be decided to dissolve them. The Committee or working group may not meet without the prior consent of the Chairman. The Chairman shall be an ex officio member of all committees and working groups and shall be seated at any of their meetings.

Head office

International Olympic Committee (IOC) Headquarters )

International Olympic Committee Headquarters^[44]

The administrative body responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the Olympic Movement, located in Switzerland the Lausanne . For a considerable period after the founding of the International Olympic Committee, Coubertin's residence in Paris was also the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee. In 1915, Coubertin moved the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee from Paris to Lausanne, Switzerland, a neutral country, to avoid the interference of war on the Olympic movement. Since then Lausanne has had an indissoluble bond with the Olympic Movement. The 1919 Olympic Charter states: "The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee shall be in Lausanne (Switzerland)." In 1982, the International Olympic Committee declared Lausanne the "Olympic City", and on December 5, 1993, the International Olympic Committee declared Lausanne the "Olympic City". On November 28, 1994, the city of Lausanne presented an honorary award to the International Olympic Committee.

From Pierre de Coubertin's departure in 1925 until 1980, the presidents of the International Olympic Committee operated their headquarters remotely from their home countries. With the increasing number of Olympic affairs, the newly elected president of the International Olympic Committee in 1980 Samaranch Feeling the need for "constant direct guidance on the day-to-day events", he lived in Lausanne for a long time and became the first IOC president to have the IOC president as his full-time job. The current president, Jacques Rogge, is also based in Lausanne. ^[14]

Special committee

The International Olympic Committee has a committee

Olympic Ethics committee	Olympic 2000 Committee	Olympic coordination committee
Olympic Committee on Drugs	Olympic Committee for Education and Culture	Olympic Athletes' Commission
Olympic Environment Committee	Olympic Committee on Humanitarian Affairs	Women's Olympic Committee
Olympic Committee for Mass Sport	Olympic collectors committee	-

Administrative agency

The IOC is governed by the Executive Office of the President, the Office of the Director-General, the Department of International Cooperation and Development, the Department of Finance and Administration, the Department of Olympic Games, the Department of Sports, the Department of NOC Relations, the Department of Technology, the Department of Communications, the Department of Information Management, the Department of Global Broadcasting and Media Rights, the Department of Legal Affairs, the Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, and Olympic Solidarity Fund department Olympic Museum Department, Olympic Knowledge Services Department, Meridian Management sa, Olympic Broadcasting Services Department, Honorary President Secretariat for Life, Ethics Committee and Olympic Philatelic Department.

Key member

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EDITOR

A total of 206 national or regional Olympic Committees have been recognized by the IOC, in addition to dozens of international federations, global or regional Olympic Committee associations, etc. The IOC is composed of individual members and currently has 106 members. ^[49]

Regional organization

Flag of the International Olympic Committee

The Olympic Movement, led by the IOC, involves all consent and compliance Olympic Charter The criteria for organizations and individuals whose affiliation with the Olympic Movement is recognized by the International Olympic Committee.

The organizations recognized by the IOC include: 206 national or regional Olympic Committees; The sports under its jurisdiction are listed as Olympic competitions International Sports Federations 35; There are 28 other international federations.

Associations of national or regional Olympic Committees worldwide or on every continent, including: General Committees of National Olympic Committees (OC), General Association of African National Olympic Committees (ANOCA), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Pan American Sports Organization (ODEPA), the Central American and Caribbean Sports Organization (ODECABE), the General Association of European National Olympic Committees (AENOC), the General Association of Oceanian National Olympic Committees (ONOC); The sports organizations recognized by the IOC also include a number of associations composed of international federations: General Federation of International Sports Federations (GAISF), General Federation of International Federations for the Summer Olympics (ASOIF), the Federation of International Sports Federations (AIWF) for Winter Olympic sports, and so on. ^[14]

The members of the International Olympic Committee (206) in order of Chinese strokes are as follows:

Serial number	Country name (region name with *)	Serial number	Country name (region name with *)	Serial number	Country name (region name with *)
1	Guinea	70	Guyana	139	Comoros
2	Guinea-Bissau	71	Djibouti	140	Bulgaria
3	Türkiye	72	Kyrgyzstan	141	Russia
4	Turkmenistan	73	Laos	142	Syria
5	Yemen	74	Armenia	143	America
6	Maldives	75	Spain	144	American Samoa *
7	The Republic of Malta	76	Bermuda *	145	United States Virgin Islands *
8	Madagascar	77	Liechtenstein	146	Honduras
9	Malaysia	78	Democratic Republic of the Congo	147	Zimbabwe
10	Mali	79	Republic of Congo	148	Tunisia
11	Malawi	80	Iraq	149	Thailand
12	Macedonia	81	Iran	150	Egypt
13	The Marshall Islands	82	Guatemala	151	Ethiopia
14	Cayman Islands *	83	Hungary	152	Lesotho
15	Bhutan	84	Dominica	153	Mozambique
16	Ecuador	85	Dominic	154	Netherlands
17	Eritrea	86	Togo	155	Grenada
18	Jamaica	87	Iceland	156	Georgia
19	Belgium	88	Guam *	157	Somalia
20	Vanuatu	89	Tonga	158	Colombia
21	Japan	90	Angola	159	Costa Rica
22	People's Republic of China	91	Antigua and Barbuda	160	Trinidad and Tobago
23	Chinese Taipei *	92	Andorra	161	Peru
24	Central Africa	93	Jordan	162	Ireland
25	Hong Kong, China *	94	Equatorial Guinea	163	Estonia
26	Gambia	95	Finland	164	Haiti
27	Benin	96	Croatia	165	Czech Republic
28	Mauritius	97	Sudan	166	Kiribati
29	Mauritania	98	Suriname	167	The Philippines
30	Denmark	99	Libya	168	El Salvador
31	Uganda	100	Liberia	169	Samoa
32	Ukraine	101	Belize	170	Micronesia
33	Uruguay	102	Cape Verde	171	Tajikistan
34	Uzbekistan	103	Greece	172	Vietnam
35	Brunei	104	Cook Islands	173	Botswana
36	Barbados	105	Saudi Arabia	174	Sri Lanka
37	Papua New Guinea	106	Algeria	175	Eswatini
38	Brazil	107	Albania	176	Slovenia
39	Paraguay	108	United Arab Emirates	177	Slovakia
40	Bahrain	109	Argentina	178	Portugal
41	Bahamas	110	Oman	179	Korea
42	Panama	111	Aruba *	180	North Korea
43	Pakistan	112	Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	181	Fiji
44	Palestine	113	Azerbaijan	182	Cameroon
45	Israel	114	Namibia	183	Montenegro
46	Cuba	115	Tanzania	184	Chile
47	Burkina Faso	116	Latvia	185	Austria
48	Burundi	117	Britain	186	Burma
49	East Timor	118	British Virgin Islands *	187	Switzerland
50	Qatar	119	Kenya	188	Sweden
51	Rwanda	120	Romania	189	Nauru
52	Luxembourg	121	Palau	190	Mongolia
53	Chad	122	Tuvalu	191	Singapore
54	Belarus	123	Venezuela	192	NZ
55	India	124	Solomon Islands	193	Italy
56	Indonesia	125	France	194	Senegal
57	Republic of Lithuania	126	Poland	195	Serbia
58	The Niger	127	Puerto Rico *	196	Seychelles
59	Nigeria	128	Bosnia and Herzegovina	197	Sierra Leone
60	Nicaragua	129	Bangladesh	198	Cyprus
61	Nepal	130	Bolivia	199	Mexico
62	Ghana	131	Norse	200	Lebanon
63	Canada	132	South Sudan	201	Germany
64	Gabon	133	S.Africa	202	Moldova
65	SAN Marino	134	Cambodia	203	Monaco
66	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	135	Kazakhstan	204	Morocco
67	Saint Lucia	136	Kuwait	205	Australia
68	SAO Tome and Principe	137	Kosovo	206	Zambia
69	Saint Kitts and Nevis	138	Cote d 'Ivoire	-	-

Committee member

International Olympic Committee (IOC) Member

The Olympic Charter was amended by the 110th IOC Session in December 1999 Ioc member The selection of IOC members has made a new provision: the IOC members shall be composed of natural persons, the total number of persons shall not exceed 115, 15 of whom must be representatives of the IOC Athletes' Commission, 15 of whom must be the president of the International Federations or their leading members, and 15 of whom shall be the president of the national Olympic Committees or their leading members. The IOC selects members from among persons it deems qualified to act as representatives of the IOC in their countries, not their countries' representatives in the IOC. This is the International Olympic Committee's unique "reverse representation" system.

The candidate shall be recommended by the Executive Committee to the Plenum, which shall take effect upon its approval by a majority vote. Members must be nationals of the country or region where they have their place of residence or centre of main interest, and that country or region has a national Olympic Committee recognized by the IOC. Must speak at least one of the languages used by the IOC. In principle, no more than one member can be elected from a single country.

Since 1999, newly elected members have had to retire at the age of 70. A member elected before the 110th IOC Session on 11 December 1999 May retire at the end of the year in which he or she turns 80 (except for members elected before 1966). The International Olympic Committee has 100 members.

On October 17, 2023, International Table Tennis Federation President Petra Solin, Chinese actor Michelle Yeoh , Kim Jae-yeol of South Korea, Cecilia Tait of Peru, Yael Arad of Israel, Balaz Fuerjes of Hungary, Michael Mronz of Germany and Mehrez Bouceyen of Tunisia Elected as a member of the International Olympic Committee. ^[42] ^[46]

Honorary member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC Honorary member)

Any member of the IOC who has served for 10 years can become an honorary member of the IOC upon retirement. An honorary member of the International Olympic Committee may participate in and attend the Olympic Games upon invitation Olympic congress and Ioc Plenary session But without the right to vote.

Honorary member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC Honour mereber)

On the proposal of the IOC Executive Board, the IOC may elect honorary IOC Members from persons outside the IOC who have made outstanding contributions to the Olympic Movement. Honorary members of the International Olympic Committee may be invited to participate in the Olympic Games and attend the Olympic Congress. President of the International Olympic Committee They may be invited to attend other IOC events and meetings, but they shall not have the right to vote. ^[14]

Operation management

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Fund raising

As a non-governmental organization, the IOC needs to raise its own funds to survive. The IOC has long been cash-strapped, with a deficit in the late 1960s. The situation began to improve in the 1970s with the growth of television revenues, and in 1975 the annual membership fee of 300 Swiss francs was abolished. In the 1980s, the Olympic Committee had almost one source of income: contracts with television stations to broadcast games. Samaranch worked to change that, setting up a finance and Marketing Department responsible for corporate sponsorship, television broadcasting and financial investments, which greatly increased the IOC's revenue, and the IOC gained financial independence. Economic independence has led to a corresponding change in the composition of the IOC. The International Olympic Committee used to be a "very aristocratic" organization made up of people from the upper echelons of society, because participation in Olympic activities had to be fully funded by oneself. Now that the IOC has a strong financial foundation, it can provide financial support to its members and cover the cost of their participation in meetings, and personal financial status is no longer a constraint on membership. ^[14]

The IOC's Olympic revenue is made up of four main components, including Television rights, advertising by top sponsors, franchises for merchandise such as Olympic mascots and tickets to Olympic events . According to statistics, from 2001 to 2004, the International Olympic Committee's revenue was 4.2 billion yuan U.S. dollar Between 2005 and 2008, the IOC's revenues rose to $5.45 billion. Between 2009 and 2012, that figure was $8 billion, with broadcast revenues growing by 50% and ticket revenues nearly fivefold.

The Olympic Committee keeps 10 percent of its revenue for overhead and the rest for the promotion of the Olympic Movement.
For four years, 30 percent of the Global Partnership Program's corporate sponsorship will go to the Summer Olympic Committee and 20 percent to the Winter Olympic Committee.

From 1993 to 2012, television revenue rose from $1.25 billion to $3.85 billion in a four-year cycle, according to marketing revenue data from the International Olympic Committee. With the development of Internet and mobile technology, new media are becoming more and more powerful, and the International Olympic Committee's financial path is wider.

The IOC allocated about 49 percent of the $1.697 billion spent on television during the Beijing Games to China; During the Sydney and Nagano Games, the organizing committee received nearly 60 percent of the revenue from the TOP 4 program.

In accordance with the IOC's established evaluation rules, the IOC also pays dividends to the 28 individual sports federations based on their contributions during the Olympic Games. For the London Games, the 28 individual sports federations received a total of $520 million in dividends, but compared with the huge amount of money that the host country had to invest in infrastructure, stadium construction, administrative costs and security services, the International Olympic Committee was the clear winner. ^[15]

On April 25, 2020, Beijing time, the International Olympic Committee announced on its official website that the Olympic Solidarity Fund will increase the assistance of 25.3 million US dollars for national (regional) Olympic Committees to prepare for and participate in the Tokyo Olympic Games. The first part of this fund is the aid money allocated by the International Olympic Committee to the national Olympic Committees (NOCs) to participate in the Olympic Games. The IOC said it was raising the budget for the aid from $46.7 million to $57 million in response to the postponement of the Tokyo Games. The NOCs can apply to the IOC for this assistance, and the amount will be used exclusively to cover the transportation and accommodation costs incurred by the NOCs during their participation in the Tokyo Olympic Games. ^[16]

Global partner sponsorship program

The program was created by the International Olympic Committee in 1985. TOP is "The Olympic Partner." TOP Sponsors is the IOC's highest-level worldwide commercial partnership program, which is renewed every four years. associate He is a sponsor of the 6th edition of the TOP Program of the International Olympic Committee. At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, it cost at least $40 million to be a sponsor.

At the 128th IOC Session held in 2015, the IOC revealed that the Olympic Partnership TOP program aims to reach $2 billion by 2024. The TOP program has 8-12 members per phase, so the goal of reaching $2 billion in revenue in 2020 is not a problem.

In January 2017, the IOC and Alibaba Group jointly announced that Alibaba Group would join the Olympic Global Partner (TOP) sponsorship program, becoming the official partner of the IOC's "Cloud Services" and "E-commerce Platform Services" and the founding partner of the Olympic Channel. The partnership will continue until 2028.

As of February 2017, there are 13 Tier 1 global partners for the Games, namely: Coca-Cola , Alibaba , Source information , Bridgestone , Dow chemistry , General Electric , McDonald's , omega , Proctor & Gamble , Panasonic , Toyota , Three Stars , visa .

Main event

Olympic Games (Greek: o λυμπια κοίΑγ πνες; French: Jeux olympiques; English: Olympic Games) referred to as "Olympic Games", is the world's largest comprehensive games hosted by the International Olympic Committee, every four years, the session period is not more than 16 days, is currently the world's most influential sports event, divided into Summer Olympics , The Summer Paralympics , Winter Olympic Games , The Winter Paralympic Games , The Summer Youth Olympics , The Winter Youth Olympics , World Summer Special Olympics , Special Olympics World Winter Games , Summer Deaf Olympics , Winter Deaf Olympics . In the Olympic Games, various countries use sports to exchange culture and sports skills, and its purpose is to encourage people to continue to play sports.

The Olympic Games originated more than 2,000 years ago Ancient Greek It got its name because it was held in Olympia. Ancient Olympic Games After 1,500 years of suspension, the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin proposed it at the end of the 19th century Modern Olympic Games The initiative of... Founded in 1894, the first Olympic Games were held in 1896, the first Winter Olympics in 1924, the first Paralympic Games in 1960, and the first Youth Olympic Games in 2010.

Summer Olympic Games

Summer Olympic Games There are 28 sports events: Athletics, rowing (also known as "rowing"), badminton, baseball, basketball, boxing, canoeing, cycling, equestrian, fencing, football, gymnastics, weightlifting, handball, hockey, judo, wrestling, swimming (including diving, water polo, synchronised swimming), modern pentathlon, softball, taekwondo, tennis, table tennis, shooting, archery, triathlon, sailing and volleyball.

Winter Olympic Games

Winter Olympic Games There are 7 sports (13 sub-sports) : biathlon, snowboarding, roller rock (also known as "curling"), ice hockey, bobsleigh, ice skating (including speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating) and skiing (including cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic mixed, free skiing, snowboarding).

Youth Olympic Games

Youth Olympic Games The Youth Olympic Games (YOG), also known as the "Youth Olympic Games" or "Youth Olympic Games", is an international competition for young people and the highest level of multi-sport competition for young people worldwide. It is the second largest international event after the Olympic Games. The age limit for competitors is set at 14 to 18 years old, and most of the events are the same as the Olympic Games, held every four years. The Youth Olympic Games will integrate sports, education and culture and will act as a catalyst to promote the development of these fields together with the Olympic Games. It is worth mentioning that in order to promote integration and communication, the Youth Olympic Games does not set up an official medal table, and in some sports, the mixed and team events, the players are drawn and matched into cross-border pairs. ^[17]

Paralympic Games

Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games began in 1960 and were organized by the International Olympic Committee and the Paralympic Games International Paralympic Committee The World large-scale Comprehensive Games, which are specially held for the disabled, are held every four years after the Summer Olympic Games, and have been held 14 times as of 2014. Since 1976, the Winter Paralympic Games have been held for 11 times as of 2014, with a total of nearly 4,000 athletes participating. There are four major sports such as alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ice sledding, wheelchair dance sports, and each major sport includes a number of minor sports. China first participated in the Winter Paralympics in 2002. ^[18]

Foreign cooperation

In addition to holding the Olympic Games and related meetings, the IOC also supports and sponsors the development of national group events, such as the National Olympic Committees held on 23 June each year Olympic Day Long distance running.

The IOC advocates the integration of sports with culture and education, and supports national Olympic Committees in participating in the annual seminar of the International Olympic Society held in Olympia, Greece, and supports countries in organizing sports philatelic exhibitions, sports art and cultural exhibitions or sports souvenir collection exhibitions.

The IOC also works with United Nations organizations, governments and others around the world Folk sports To organize, in close cooperation, special seminars related to sports in order to promote the development of the Olympic Movement in the whole world and to promote the better service of sport to human health, peace and friendship. Such meetings include: the World Congress of Sports Science, the World Congress of Sport and the Environment, the World Congress against Apartheid in Sport, the World Anti-Doping Congress, and so on.

The Olympic Committee is also actively involved in various activities humanitarianism The assistance of... In 1996, the IOC signed a cooperation agreement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to take concrete and active measures for the benefit of people in rural areas around the world.

Participate in global governance

The IOC plays an important role in global governance and has made important contributions to promoting world peace, strengthening environmental protection, realizing the right to physical health, helping vulnerable groups to fight for the right to sport, and realizing gender equality.

The Olympic Truce promotes international peace. "To strive, in cooperation with competent organizations, both official and civil, and with governmental bodies, to put sport at the service of mankind and thereby to promote peace in society" is one of the functions of the IOC in the Olympic Charter. The International Olympic Committee and the world's largest and most influential intergovernmental organization - The United Nations Cooperation in many areas embodies the purpose of the Olympic Movement - building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal.

The IOC is committed to the right to physical health. The promotion and protection of health is closely linked to the respect for and realization of human rights. Health through physical activity is a human right and everyone should have the possibility to participate in physical activity. The International Olympic Committee has actively strengthened its relationship with World Health Organization To work together to promote the realization of the right to physical health of the general public.

The International Olympic Committee fights for the sports rights of the disadvantaged. Social vulnerable groups is a concept that analyzes the unequal distribution of economic benefits and social power in modern society and the uncoordinated and unreasonable social structure. In the Olympic Movement, young people with physical disabilities, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and refugee children suffering from hunger and poverty are not deprived of their right to participate in sports. On the contrary, the IOC, through its own efforts and in cooperation with other international organizations, gives them special care. ^[1]

Local time 2023 On March 28, the International Olympic Committee held an executive board meeting and said that sanctions against Russia and Belarus would continue. The sanctions include not holding international sporting events in Russia and Belarus and not displaying state symbols such as the Russian and Belarusian flags and anthems at any international sporting events. The IOC also made a number of recommendations regarding the participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes in current international sporting events, requiring athletes holding Russian or Belarusian passports to compete only as neutral athletes in their individual capacity. ^[34]

Brand value

The organization brands in World Brand Lab (World Brand Lab) Top 500 global brands The ranking is as follows. In addition to the first and 2016 were not selected, the past years have been selected in the world's top 500 brands, including 2013 was selected in the top 30.

A given year	Ranking
2004	Not selected
2005	33
2006	33
2007	34
2008	31
2009	34
2010	32
2011	40
2012	32
2013	29
2014	43
2015	113
2016	Not selected

Cultural tradition

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EDITOR

aim

To lead the healthy development of the Olympic Movement throughout the world; Promote sportsmanship and combat discrimination and violence; Promote fair play; Promote the sustainable development of sports; To promote sport as a cause for improving well-being and promoting peace. ^[39]

Flag of the games

Flag of the International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee has its own flag. The flag is boundless on a white background and has five interlocking rings in the center, that is, what we call Olympic ring . The colours of the rings, blue, yellow, black, green and red (also painted in monochrome) from left to right, were chosen by Coubertin for their ability to encapsulate the colours of the flags of the Member States, but these five colours were later interpreted in other ways. Published by the International Olympic Committee in 1979 Olympic Review (Issue No. 40) emphasizes that the meaning of the flag and the five rings is to symbolize the unity of the five continents, and that athletes from all over the world will meet at the Olympic Games in a spirit of justice, frank competition and friendship.

The International Olympic Committee flag was designed in 1913 based on the ideas of Pierre de Coubertin.

It was first raised in 1914 at the Olympic Congress in Paris to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement. At the 1920 Antwerp Games, the Belgian National Olympic Committee embroidered the same flag for use at the Games. After the Games, Belgium presented it to the International Olympic Committee and became the official flag of the International Olympic Committee. All previous Olympic opening ceremony There is a flag handover ceremony. The representative of the host city of the previous Olympic Games presents the flag to the president of the International Olympic Committee, who then presents the flag to the mayor of the current host city. The flag is then kept in the city building for four years before being sent to the next host city. The flag that was hoisted over the main Olympic stadium was a substitute.

According to the Olympic Charter," Olympic rings It is a symbol of the Olympic Movement and a special symbol of the International Olympic Committee, and may not be used for advertising or other commercial activities by any group or individual without the permission of the IOC.

aphorism

Higher, faster, stronger, more united. ^[24]

spirit

Successive chairmen (10 photos)

In the Olympic Charter, the International Olympic Committee states that "Everyone shall have the possibility to practise sport without discrimination of any kind and in the spirit of the Olympic spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play". Apparently, the Olympic Charter enunciates the Olympic spirit as "mutual understanding, lasting friendship, solidarity and fair play."

The Olympic spirit was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin. In order to introduce a dynamic new educational system to his country, Coubertin, from his youth, immersed himself in the different educational systems of his time and the history of ancient Greece. He hoped that the young people of France would accept a new education system that would strengthen moral cultivation and enhance confidence, and at the same time, exercise the body, develop a brave spirit and a strong personality.

museum

Olympic Museum It belongs to the International Olympic Committee and is located in the Olympic Park in Lausanne, Switzerland, next to the IOC headquarters. Like the IOC headquarters, the museum was designed and constructed by IOC member and architect Pedro Ramirez Vazquez of Mexico and architect Pierre Caen of Switzerland. On June 23, 1993, the Olympic Museum was completed and a grand opening ceremony was held. Samaranch, then president of the International Olympic Committee, cut the ribbon for the museum. The main responsibility is to be responsible for the collection, protection and exhibition of Olympic cultural relics and archives, to conduct Olympic research, to promote the Olympic purpose, to use the Olympic spirit for social education, and to serve the international Olympic family and the public, is so far the world's most complete collection of the most famous and most dynamic sports museum.

publication

" Olympic Monthly (Olympic Review)

" Olympic communication (Olympic Message)

" News summary "(Press Highlights) ^[1]

Successive chairmen

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EDITOR

Successive presidents of the International Olympic Committee
name	Arbitrary number	Term of office	nationality
Ze Viqueras	First term	From 1894 to 1896	Greece
Pierre de Coubertin	The second	From 1896 to 1925	France
Jean de Baye-Latour	Third term	From 1925 to 1942	Belgium
Cy Edstrom	Fourth term	From 1942 to 1952	Sweden
Al Brundage	Fifth term	From 1952 to 1972	America
Mi Mo Killanen	The sixth term	From 1972 to 1980	Ireland
Hu Ann Samaranch	The seventh	1980-July 2001	Spain
Jacques Rogge	eighth	July 2001 to September 2013	Belgium
Thomas Bach	ninth	From September 2013 to 2021	Germany
Thomas Bach	tenth	2021 to present	Germany
Reference materials: ^{20 [22]}

Negative event

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EDITOR

2002 Winter Olympics vote-buying scandal

2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics

In December 1998, the IOC was charged with the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic bidding scandal. Ioc President Juan Antonio Samaranch immediately appointed an independent commission to collect relevant evidence and materials, and six weeks later, the IOC published the results of the investigation and reported the IOC members involved in the scandal to the General Assembly, which eventually led to the resignation of four members, the expulsion of six members, and the disciplinary warning of 10 officials.

Affected by the Salt Lake City bid scandal, the International Olympic Committee quickly took relevant measures to adjust the IOC in 1999:

1. Change the bidding process for the 2006 Winter Olympics and cancel visits by IOC members to candidate cities.

2. Select 15 outstanding athletes from among the Olympic athletes to become members of the IOC Athletes Commission.

3. Establishment of the IOC Member Nomination Committee.

4. Ioc members are elected for a term of eight years and are renewed by election.

5. The total number of IOC members is 115.

6. The term of office of the President shall be eight years and shall be renewed for four years.

7. Of the members of the IOC, 15 are from International federations, 15 are from National Olympic Committees, and the other 70 are independent individual members.

8. The maximum age of IOC members is 70.

9. Establishment of the IOC Ethics Commission.

10. Establishment of the World Anti-Doping Commission.

11. Increase the financial transparency of the IOC by publishing financial reports on the sources of revenue and expenditure of the International Olympic Movement.

12. The IOC General Assembly was opened to the media for the first time.

Take bribes

The IOC scandal centered on IOC members taking bribes in the bidding process, commonly known as "selling votes".

According to British media reports in 2004, secret tapes showed the fight 2012 Olympic Games A vote for an Olympic Committee member costs about $100,000 to $200,000 in the process of hosting the games. Bribery is not unusual, and there is no sign that it will improve. Because the maximum number of IOC members is 115, only 58 of them can be elected president of the IOC or the right to host the Games, and London defeated Paris by 54 votes to 50 in the race to host the 2012 Games. Beijing spent $5.5 billion on the 2008 games and London spent $15 billion on the 2012 games. ^[19]

Revocation of medal

On February 28, 2022, the IOC website issued a statement recommending that Russia and Russia not be invited or (not) allowed Belarus Athletes took part in sporting events, and it was announced that three senior Russian officials, including President Vladimir Putin, had their Olympic Orders revoked. ^[27]

On 15 June 2023, it was reported that the International Olympic Committee would allow it Russia Alexander Zhukov, honorary president of the Russian Olympic Committee, said on Monday that the proposal to participate in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games in the same capacity as the refugee team was "unacceptable". ^[35]

Russia's membership was suspended

On October 12, 2023, a statement on the International Olympic Committee website said that due to the Russian Olympic Committee's decision to include sports organizations from four regions in eastern Ukraine, the IOC will suspend the membership of the Russian Olympic Committee until further notice. ^[43]

Relevant agenda

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EDITOR

On April 19, 2024, the International Olympic Committee released the Olympic AI Agenda in London, which, while looking forward to what impact artificial intelligence may have on sports, proposed the framework for the International Olympic Committee to lead the development of artificial intelligence programs in the global sports field. ^[50]

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