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The National Stadium, also known as the "Bird's Nest", is located
Beijing Olympic Park
South of the center, for
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
The main stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, athletics and football finals, as well
2022 Winter Olympics
The opening and closing ceremonies of the Winter Paralympics.
The stadium covers 204,000 square meters
[47]
With a construction area of 258,000 square meters, it can accommodate 91,000 visitors
[1]
There are 80,000 formal seats and 11,000 temporary seats
[61]
; by
Jacques Herzog
, De Meuron, Ai Weiwei and
Li Xinggang
[2]
Such as design, by the Beijing urban construction Group responsible for construction. The shape of the stadium is like a "nest" of life
cradle
The sustenance of mankind for the future
hope
. The designers did not do anything superfluous with the venue, leaving the structure exposed, thus forming a natural architectural appearance.
Construction began on December 24, 2003, and was completed in March 2008, with a total cost of 2.267 billion yuan
[3]
. As a national landmark building and the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Stadium has remarkable structural characteristics. The stadium is super class
Sports building
, large sports venues. The design service life of the main structure is 100 years, and the fire resistance grade is level 1.
aseismatic
Fortification intensity 8 degrees, underground works
Waterproof class
Level 1. After the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Stadium has become a large-scale professional place for Beijing citizens to participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment, and has become a landmark sports building and Olympic heritage.
- Chinese name
- National stadium
- Foreign name
- National Stadium
- Floor space
- 20.4 hectares
- Opening hours
- 9:00 a.m. to 21 p.m
- class
- Main body Steel structure
- Ticket price
- Adult ticket 100 yuan/person, discount ticket 80 yuan/person [54] (Based on the price paid on the same day)
- Ground point
- Beijing Olympic Park
- Time of completion
- June 28, 2008
- Floor area
- 258000 m²
- Building height
- 69 meters
- Number of seats
- Fixed 80,000 seats, 11,000 temporary seats
- Construction cost
- 2.267 billion yuan
- actor
- Pierre de Meuron , Li Xinggang , Herzog
- alias
- Bird's nest (Bird's Nest) [4]
- Home country
- China
- Home city
- Beijing
- Famous scenic spot
- Bird's nest air corridor
- Suggested play time
- 1 hour
- Good season for play
- Suitable for all seasons
catalogue
- 1Construction history
- ▪Scheme collection
- ▪Source of funds
- ▪Construction process
- 2Venue structure
- ▪structure
- ▪peculiarity
- 3Design feature
- ▪Construction aspect
- ▪Safety aspect
- ▪Design concept
- ▪Design effect
- 4function
- ▪Sports event
"Bird's Nest", known as"
Fourth generation sports stadium
"Great works of architecture.
[5]
To achieve openness, justice and fairness in opening-up
25 October 2002. By the Beijing Municipal People's Government and the 29th
Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games
The Beijing Municipal Planning Commission is authorized to solicit the construction of the China National Stadium, the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games, from all over the world
Conceptual design
Plan.
National Stadium vision
National Stadium vision
The National Stadium was the first Beijing Olympic stadium to enter the architectural design process. According to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the competition for the conceptual design of the National Stadium is divided into two stages: the first stage is pre-qualification; The second stage is the formal competition. Competition until 20 November 2002
office
A total of 44 reputable design organizations have received valid qualifications
Preliminary hearing
After a rigorous pre-qualification process, 14 design companies from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada were finally selected for the formal competition.
Switzerland
Mexico and other countries and regions.
On March 18, 2003, 13 of the world's leading architectural design firms and design consortiums with rich experience finally participated in the competition and sent their ideal vision of China's National Stadium to Beijing. Among the 13 design schemes, there are 2 domestic schemes, 8 overseas schemes and 3 Sino-foreign cooperation schemes.
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
In the subsequent proposal review. by
Chinese Academy of Engineering
academician
Guan Zhaoye
And the Dutch master architect
Koolhaas
The jury committee composed of 13 authoritative people conducted strict review, repeated comparison and careful screening of the entries, and after two rounds of secret ballot, elected three excellent schemes, respectively, by the Swiss design company Herzog and de Meuron West
China Architectural Design and Research Institute
Composed of a consortium designed to complete the "Bird's Nest" program, by China
Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute
Independently designed "floating open roof" scheme, by
Japan Corporation
Sato Integrated Program and China
Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University
The "Sky Stadium Ice and Snow World" project designed by the cooperation. In order to solicit public comments, the competition organization has submitted all 13 design proposals
Beijing International Convention Center
On public display. "Bird's Nest" ranked first, showing a considerable degree of agreement between the audience and the judges. After careful study by decision-making departments, the "Bird's Nest" was finally determined as the final implementation plan of the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games - China National Stadium.
[6]
The components of the stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like framework that looks like a bird's nest made of tree branches. The grey mineral-like steel mesh covered with a transparent membrane material contains an earthy red bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollowing technique of traditional Chinese culture, the grain of ceramics, and the brilliance and warmth of red are perfectly integrated with the modern and most advanced steel structure design.
Night scene
Night scene
The entire building is connected through the Disney giant network structure, without a single column inside, and the stand is a complete bowl shape without any shelter, like a huge container, giving the stadium an incredible drama and unparalleled shock.
[6]
We will accelerate institutional and institutional innovation in the course of exploration
As a social welfare project, the construction of sports venues in the past was generally carried out by
Government investment
The competent department operates, and the loss is subsidized by finance. As a result, many sports facilities often become a "burden" that cannot be discarded by government financial subsidies for a long time after completion. Beijing is determined to think differently. In the face of the largest ever stadium construction, Beijing has accelerated institutional innovation and mechanism innovation based on the thinking mode of market economy and on the basis of learning from foreign advanced experience, and actively explored the construction and operation mode of "government-guided and market-based operation" of Olympic projects. Taking into account the large amount of investment in the national stadium and the high operating costs after the game, in order to attract investors, Beijing has issued quite favorable conditions, in addition to state-owned companies on behalf of the government to invest 58%, in land transfer, demolition and other aspects have also given quite favorable policies.
[6]
The National stadium project is constructed according to the public-Private partnership (PPP) model
Beijing State-owned Assets Management limited liability company
with
China CITIC Group Consortium
The project company jointly established is mainly responsible for the investment and financing, construction, operation and management of the National Stadium. Citic Consortium contributed 42% and Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. provided 58% of the capital support on behalf of the government. Citic Consortium also holds the franchise for 30 years.
Compared with the United States and other countries with mature experience in stadium sponsorship, stadium sponsorship in China has been in the initial stage of development. With the east wind of the Olympic Games, the development of China's sports industry will promote the growth of the venue sponsorship market. Through the development of a professional and efficient sponsorship platform, the National Stadium attracts a large number of powerful potential customers to participate in the construction and operation of the National Stadium, which brings infinite vitality to the development of the stadium and enables sponsors to show their high-quality products and corporate image through the window of the National Stadium.
[7]
National Stadium (Bird's Nest)
National Stadium (Bird's Nest)
Construction began on December 24, 2003
[8]
Successful completion time: March 2008
The national stadium is open to the world to solicit planning and design proposals;
July 02, 2002:89 design proposals received;
January to February 2003:5 qualified applicants for the National Stadium project were selected for the second phase of bidding;
March 19-25, 2003: The jury voted "Bird's Nest" overwhelmingly won;
December 24, 2003: The preparations for the construction of the National Stadium for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were ready, and the groundbreaking ceremony was held.
February 2004: One hundred foundation piles of the National Stadium were completed, and the substantial structural construction of the "Bird's Nest" project began;
July 30, 2004: The safety and economy of the Olympic venues became the focus, and the Bird's Nest was completely closed on July 30;
August 31, 2004: The "Bird's Nest" cancellation can open the roof scheme adjustment style unchanged;
August 2004: "Bird's Nest" announced the renderings;
May 09, 2005: Construction of the zero floor of the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium;
June 15, 2005: Construction of the first floor of the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium
September 14, 2005: Construction of the second floor of the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium
October 21, 2005: Construction of the fourth floor of the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium
October 28, 2005: The lifting ceremony of the first steel component of "Bird's Nest"
November 15, 2005: The concrete main structure was capped one month earlier than expected.
January 2006: The construction of the mixed-soil structure was completed, the main steel structure column feet were all installed, and the roof steel structure installation project began
April - May 2006: IOC members inspected the Bird's Nest site.
August 26-31, 2006:
Bird's nest steel
Structure closing welding, the entire "bird's nest" steel structure will be integrated.
September 17, 2006: The National Stadium "Bird's Nest" project, after more than two years of construction, completed the last link of the steel structure construction on September 17 - the overall unloading.
[9]
The National Stadium is located in
Olympic Park
The central location of the complex, the terrain is slightly raised. It's like a huge container. The undulating base moderates the volume of the vessel and gives it a dramatic curved appearance. It forms a grid - like a bird's nest made of twigs. While meeting all the functional and technical requirements of the Olympic stadium, the design is not dominated by those similar large-span structures and digital screens that overemphasize construction technology. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, but simple and simple, thus creating a unique and unprecedented landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games.
[7]
mount
The base merges with the geometry of the stadium, like roots and trees. Pedestrians walk on a gentle grid SLATE walkway that continues the stadium's structural texture. The Spaces between the walkways provide amenities for stadium guests: sunken gardens, stone paved plazas, bamboo groves, mineral-like mountain views, and openings to the interior of the pedestal. Rising slowly from the city floor, it forms the base of the stadium almost imperceptibly. The ground level at the entrance of the stadium is slightly raised, so you can browse the entire area
Olympic Park
Panoramic view of the complex.
[7]
roof
Corner of the National Stadium
box
Comfortable and luxurious decoration, high-quality and thoughtful supporting services, clear and good viewing vision are the guarantee of the quality of the National Stadium box. It not only provides the best place to watch the competition in person, but also builds a social platform for social enterprises and celebrities from all walks of life to communicate, public relations and thank customers, providing enterprises with a rare opportunity to show their own strength and noble status. The National Stadium boxes are located on the fourth floor of the stadium, and the number of post-match boxes is 140 after the games.
[7]
appearance
Basic material
The "Bird's Nest" shape structure is mainly composed of huge portal steel frame, a total of 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been completed. The top of the National Stadium is in the shape of a saddle, the long axis is 332.3 meters, the short axis is 296.4 meters, the highest height is 68.5 meters, the lowest height is 42.8 meters.
Under the premise of keeping the architectural style of "Bird's Nest" unchanged, the design scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, construction section form, material utilization rate and other issues. The openable roof in the original design was removed, the opening of the roof was expanded, and the amount of steel used was greatly reduced through the optimization of the steel structure. The large-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with a column spacing of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are arranged radially around the opening in the middle of the roof, and 22 main trusses are straight or nearly straight. To avoid overly complex nodes, a small number of main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. The steel structure adopts a large number of box-shaped components made of welded steel plates, and the cross-arranged main trusses form a special architectural shape of "bird's nest" together with the sub-structures of the roof and facade. The main stand adopts reinforced concrete frame and shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from the long-span steel structure.
[10]
The use of Q460 steel
"Bird's Nest" structural design is strange and novel, and this time to build its steel structure
Q460
There are also many unique features: the Q460 is one
Low alloy high strength steel
It will undergo plastic deformation when the force strength reaches 460 mpa, which is larger than that of ordinary steel, so the production is very difficult. This is the first time in China to use Q460 specification steel in building structures; The thickness of the steel plate used this time reached 110 mm, which was unique before, and the maximum thickness of the Q460 was only 100 mm in China's national standard. In the past, this steel was usually imported from Luxembourg, South Korea, and Japan. In order to provide the "Bird's Nest" with a "fit" Q460, from September 2004, the researchers of Henan Wuyang Special Steel Plant began to tackle scientific and technological problems for more than half a year, and finally succeeded in three trial productions. In 2008, 400 tons of independent innovation, with intellectual property rights of domestic Q460 steel propped up the "Bird's Nest"
ironbone
Steel reinforcement.
Special structure
In addition, the roof inner ring main
truss
Hoisting and elevation sub-structural installation are in full swing. The steel used in the "Bird's Nest" steel structure can be up to 11 centimeters thick, and has never been produced in China before. In addition, the outer surface of the grid structure at the top of the "bird's nest" will also be affixed with a layer of translucent film. After the use of this film, the light in the stadium is not directly in, but through diffuse reflection, so that the light is softer, and the resulting diffuse light can also solve the maintenance problem of the lawn in the stadium, and also has the function of shielding the seat.
Rendering of the National Stadium
Rendering of the National Stadium
Rendering of the National Stadium
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Bird's Nest scenery
Night view of the Bird's Nest National Stadium
The "Bird's Nest" slightly elevates the entire outdoor terrain of the stadium, placing many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which avoids the huge investment spent on digging the earth, and the raised slope lands slowly on the edge of the outdoor square, building 2,000 open seats in the warm-up field according to the potential, organically integrating with the surrounding environment, and once again saving investment.
[11]
grandstand
Designed to be a vessel for a huge crowd, it leaves a distinctive and indelible impression whether viewed from afar or up close. Inside the stadium, this uniform bowl-shaped structure will mobilize the excitement of the audience and enable the athletes to perform at a superior level. To create a coherent appearance, interference from the seating is kept to a minimum, and acoustic ceilings obscure the structure to bring the audience and the action on the site into focus. Here, the crowd forms the building.
[7]
Main flare tower
The main cauldron of the previous Olympic Games, the lighting ceremony and the people who lit the fire are the top secrets that are finally revealed. Among them, the design of the main torch platform is closely related to the ignition method. Construction began in the 50-day countdown to the 2008 Beijing Olympics, sparking speculation.
[12]
On August 8, 2008, in
Beijing Olympic Games Opening Ceremony
At the end of
Xu Haifeng
Holding the torch into the stadium, then Xu Haifeng passed the torch to the second torchbearer
Gao Min
Gao Min passed the torch to the third torchbearer
Li Xiaoshuang
Li Xiaoshuang passed the torch to the fourth torchbearer
Zhan Xugang
Zhan Xugang passed the torch to the fifth torchbearer Zhang Jun, who passed the torch to the sixth torchbearer Chen Zhong, who passed the torch to the seventh torchbearer
Sun Jinfang
Finally the last torchbearer, who many people guessed, appeared he was the Prince of gymnastics ------
Lining
! The opening ceremony entered another climax. At 00:00 on August 9, 2008, Li Ning circled the stadium and lit the main torch tower.
The main torch tower is a huge auspicious cloud above the northeast corner of the site. Li Ning lit the torch fuse, the flame along the rotating channel, lit the torch tower. Light the torch tower in this ordinary way.
[13]
The "bird's nest" shape structure is mainly composed of a huge portal steel frame, a total of 24 truss columns. The design service life of the main structure is 100 years, and the fire resistance grade is level 1.
aseismatic
Fortification intensity 8 degrees, underground works
Waterproof class
Level 1. The main building of the project is a space saddle oval, 333 meters long from north to south, a giant space saddle-shaped steel truss braided "bird's nest" structure, the total amount of steel used in steel structure is 42,000 tons.
concrete
The stand is divided into upper, middle and lower three layers, and the concrete structure of the stand is 1 layer underground and 7 layers above ground
Reinforced concrete
Frame-shear wall structure system. The steel structure and the upper part of the concrete stand are completely separated from each other and are not connected to each other, and the foundation sits on a connected base plate. The roof of the National Stadium is covered with a double layer of steel
Membrane structure
Namely, the transparent upper layer fixed between the upper strings of the steel structure
ETFE
The membrane and the translucent lower layer fixed under the lower chord of the steel structure and the side wall of the inner ring
PTFE
Acoustic ceiling.
There are many characteristics and difficulties in design and construction:
The component size is large, the weight of the single is heavy
As the main load-bearing component of the roof structure, the truss column has a maximum section of 25m×20m, a height of 67m, and a single weight of 500 tons. The height of the main truss is 12m, the maximum span of the double through truss is 145.577+112.788m, and the maximum span of the non-through truss is 102.391m. The truss column and the main truss are large and the weight of the single is heavy.
Node complexity
Because the components in the project are
Box section member
Therefore, whether it is between the main structure or between the primary and secondary structures, there is a phenomenon of spatial confluence of multiple rods. In addition, the secondary structure is complex and changeable, and the regularity is less, resulting in the node structure of the main structure is quite complicated, the node types are diverse, and the production and installation accuracy are required.
Tight schedule
The project is large, but the installation period is quite short, the project started on December 24, 2003, completed by the end of 2007, and completed by the end of March 2008. The construction period is tight, and the cross operation with civil construction, and the plane site is tight.
Heavy welding
The site connection of the project is a lot of welding and hoisting sections, the length of on-site welds is long, coupled with thick plate welding, high-strength steel welding, cast steel welding, etc., resulting in a considerable amount of on-site welding workload, high difficulty, high-altitude welding and overhead welding.
Winter and rainy season construction
The hoisting time of the main structure of the project needs to span the winter and the Spring Festival, so there is winter rainy season construction, and the construction is difficult.
Engineering organization is difficult
When the main structure is hoisted, the civil construction is not finished, and the on-site assembly is carried out in a large area, so there is a phenomenon of multi-construction cross operation. In addition, the site is small, and the construction site layout, component transportation and large crane walking route are greatly restricted. At the same time, the structure of the project is complex, each lifting section is interrelated, must be assembled in a certain order, lifting, otherwise there will be a phenomenon of stagnation. Each construction party needs reasonable coordination and overall management, and the project organization is difficult.
It is difficult to turn over and lift the components
Inside the bird's nest
The stability of high-altitude components is difficult
Because this project adopts the bulk method (that is, the segmented hoisting method), the wind load of the high-altitude components is large during the segmented hoisting, and the stability is poor before the segments are connected as a whole or the structure is not formed as a whole, especially the stability of the upper section of the truss column and the segmented main truss is poor. Reasonable lifting sequence (as far as possible end to end, separate lifting) and lateral stability measures (such as anchor, wind rope, etc.) must be adopted.
Difficult to weld
In this project, there are both thin plate welding, and thick plate welding, both flat welding, vertical welding, and upward welding, both high strength steel welding, and
Steel casting
Welding, welding workload is large. Thin plate welding deformation is large, thick plate welding deposition amount is large, temperature control and labor intensity requirements are high. The high altitude welding, winter and rainy season welding of weather-proof and low-temperature measures make the welding more difficult.
Installation accuracy control is difficult
Because the structure itself will be deformed due to its own weight and temperature changes during the construction process, and the support tire frame will also be deformed under the action of load, in addition, the structure is complex, are box-type section members, the position and orientation are extremely strong, the installation accuracy is affected by the site environment, temperature changes and other aspects, the installation accuracy is extremely difficult to control, and the construction is difficult. During construction, necessary measures must be taken to consider in advance how to adjust and eliminate the installation error, how to measure and monitor, so that the deformation is completed in a controlled state to ensure the overall shape and construction quality.
Quality and construction requirements
This project is not only about the appearance quality, such as the overall size, the appearance of the weld, but also the internal quality, such as the quality grade of the weld.
Welding residual stress
Elimination, etc., are quite high requirements, and the site construction conditions are poor. At the same time, for the large-span space structure, the temperature deformation and temperature stress are large, so the design determines the block closing and closing temperature, which is difficult to operate.
Humanistic construction
"People-oriented" in the construction, carefully analyze and approve every plan in the construction, advocate industrial assembly operations, from reducing labor intensity, every step in the process, put forward measures to be taken, the central idea is "people-oriented"; Provide the best living conditions, such as accommodation and food.
Lightning protection measure
The lightning protection design of the "Bird's Nest" uses the most traditional lightning protection technology. Make full use of the favorable conditions of the building structure itself, the metal roof of the bird's nest, the steel components in the steel structure, the steel bars in the reinforced concrete, etc. are effectively connected by welding and other means, and the "steel bones" part of the entire "bird's nest" constitutes an ideal "cage lightning protection net". In order to prevent the damage to the human body during lightning strikes, the parts that people can touch in the stadium, such as steel columns, are correspondingly made equal potential connections; Almost all the equipment in the "bird's Nest" is reliably connected with the "cage lightning protection net" to ensure that the huge current generated at the moment of lightning can be imported into the ground through the "cage lightning protection net", so as to maximize the safety of the venue itself, equipment and personal safety.
[14, 15]
Seismic measure
The steel used in the "Bird's Nest" is twice the strength of ordinary steel, and is a special steel developed by China's independent innovation, which is strong and flexible in one, so as to ensure that the "Bird's Nest" can still be restored to its original shape after enduring a maximum of 460 mpa of external force, that is to say, it can resist seismic waves like the Tangshan earthquake. The key to holding up the "bird's nest" is the "shoulder" structure, and the steel used in this part --"
Q460
The thickness of the steel plate has reached 110 mm, and it has good shock resistance, low temperature resistance and weldability. In order to meet the seismic requirements, the joint parts of the steel members are also specially thickened, and the connection mode of the rods is welded to increase the overall stiffness and strength of the structure. The Bird's Nest's soaring roof is supported by 24 huge steel pillars. In order to ensure that the "bird's nest" built in the high intensity earthquake area of 8 degrees seismic fortification can stand firm, the scientific research and design personnel overcome the large size and complex structure of the "bird's nest" column foot collection, and the calculation assumptions and design methods of China's current norms are difficult to apply, and added a base and a base for these steel column feet
rivet
The foot of the column is firmly riveted in the concrete. The bearing platform at the foot of the column is 4 to 6 meters thick, and 24 huge steel columns are firmly connected with 24 huge reinforced concrete piers to hold up the huge "bird's nest".
[14, 15]
Green design
The design outline of the National Stadium requires that "the design of the National stadium should fully reflect the idea of sustainable development, adopt the world's advanced and feasible environmental protection technology and building materials, maximize the use of natural ventilation and natural lighting, save energy and resources, solid waste treatment, electromagnetic radiation and light pollution protection and protection.
Ozone depleting substance
The application of (ODS) replacement products and other aspects meet the requirements of the Olympic project environmental protection guidelines, some requirements to reach the international advanced level, setting an environmental protection model."
[15]
Through the establishment and implementation of the environmental management system, the building function and performance of the National Stadium will be improved, and the concept of green Olympics will be consistently implemented.
[14]
Advanced energy-saving design and environmental protection measures have been adopted in the construction of the National Stadium, such as good natural ventilation and natural lighting, full recovery of rainwater, utilization of renewable geothermal energy, and application of solar photovoltaic power generation technology. The original appearance of the Bird's Nest, which is not completely sealed, is to allow the audience to enjoy the natural circulation of air and light, while minimizing the energy consumption caused by artificial mechanical ventilation and artificial light sources. The light sources used in the "nest" are all kinds of high-efficiency energy-saving environmental protection light sources. In outdoor lighting such as pedestrian plazas, solar power lighting systems are also used as much as possible. Under the football field in the Bird's Nest are 312
Ground source heat pump
System well. Through the underground heat exchange tube, it absorbs the heat contained in the soil in winter to heat the "bird's nest"; In summer, absorbing the cold stored in the soil to cool the "bird's nest" can save a lot of power resources. A special rainwater recycling system is installed on the top of the bird's nest, and the rainwater collected is eventually turned into recycled water that can be used for greening, flushing, firefighting and even flushing runways. Many advanced green environmental protection measures have made the National Stadium a veritable large "green building".
According to reports, at the beginning of the design of the "Bird's Nest" and in the process of deepening the design, the concept of frugal Olympic Games and sustainable development has been running through, under the premise of meeting the function of the Olympic Games, fully consider the balance of permanent facilities and temporary facilities. According to the requirements, the "Bird's Nest" has a total of 100,000 seats, of which 80,000 are permanent, and the other 20,000 are temporary additions during the Olympic Games.
[16]
On this basis, the design will combine the function of the "bird's nest" with the future positioning of the surrounding area and even the medium and long-term development planning of the whole city. According to the confirmed planning scheme, the central area of the Olympic Park where the "Bird's Nest" is located will become a public activity center integrating sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, cultural entertainment, business and leisure shopping. As the main stadium of the Beijing Olympic Games, "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmark buildings in Beijing, and will become a hot spot for tourists in a long period of time. At the same time, in the design and construction of the "Bird's Nest", a lot of efforts have been made in the multi-function of the venue and space to improve the utilization efficiency of the venue, in addition to bearing the opening, closing and sports competitions, but also to meet the needs of fitness, business, exhibition, performance and other needs, laying a solid foundation for the successful implementation of the "post-Olympic development".
[16]
The National Stadium, which served as the main stadium for the Beijing Olympic Games, was adopted
Solar photovoltaic power generation system
. Green Olympics, Science and technology Olympics, People's Olympics are the three major themes of the Beijing Olympic Games, the solar photovoltaic power generation system settled in the "Bird's Nest", the clean, environmentally friendly solar power generation and the National stadium integrated into one, not only is an excellent reflection of the three major themes of the Beijing Olympic Games, but also for the promotion of the use of green energy, effective control and reduction of air pollution in Beijing and the surrounding areas. Advocating green and environmental protection lifestyle will play a positive role in promoting and good
Demonstration effect
. Solar photovoltaic power generation system technology in the world advanced level, the
Solar power system
It is independently developed by Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. and exclusively provided to the National Stadium. It is installed on the 12 main channels of the National Stadium, with a total investment of 10 million yuan and a total capacity of 130 kilowatts, which will complement the power supply of the National Stadium.
[17]
Science and technology design
The design outline of the National Stadium requires: "The design of the National stadium should fully consider the high and new technologies represented by information technology, including new materials and environmental protection." In the aspects of architecture, structure, building materials, environmental protection, energy saving, intelligence, communication, information and landscape environment, through the use of reliable, mature and advanced high-tech achievements, the National Stadium will be built into a new type of venue with people-oriented information services, convenient and reliable means of communication, advanced and comfortable competition environment and solid and reliable security. The design reflects the era and technological advancement of the Olympic venues, making them a window to showcase China's high-tech achievements and innovation strength."
[15]
In the design and construction stage, the National Stadium applies a number of scientific and technological achievements aimed at building structure, energy conservation and environmental protection, and intelligent buildings in the application of mature technologies, and implements research projects for the design and construction difficulties brought about by structural characteristics.
1. Take the demand for science and technology in the construction of national stadium as the starting point to improve the stadium construction
Scientific and technological innovation ability
Accumulate experience in the application of high-tech to stadiums, and make scientific and technological innovation the driving force and guarantee of the "three ideas".
2, in the design and construction process, in view of several bottlenecks and focal problems in the construction process of the national stadium, focus on the arrangement of a number of scientific research projects and topics, to solve the design and construction problems. In each professional design focus on the application of more mature and scientific and technological content technology, so that the stadium reflects the first-class construction and operation of science and technology level.
[13]
Humanistic design
The National Stadium in the distance
The design of the Bird's Nest fully reflects the humanistic care. The bowl-shaped seats surround the folding structure of the arena, and the upper and lower layers are scattered evenly. No matter where the audience sits, the sight distance between the center point of the arena is about 140 meters. In the auditorium of the "Bird's Nest", more than 200 wheelchair seats have been set up for the disabled. These wheelchair seats are slightly higher than regular seats, ensuring that disabled people have the same view as regular spectators. Hearing AIDS and a wireless broadcasting system will also be provided to provide personalized services for people with hearing and vision impairments.
[15]
The sound absorbing film material used in the lower film of the "Bird's nest", the sound absorbing material set on the steel structure members, and the electric sound amplification system used in the stadium, these three layers of "special devices" make the voice clarity index of the "nest" reach 0.6 - this number ensures that the audience sitting in any position can clearly hear the broadcast.
[18]
The "Bird's Nest" designers also used fluid dynamics to simulate the natural ventilation of 91,000 people watching the game at the same time, so that all spectators can enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation.
Many other architectural experts believe that the "Bird's Nest" will not only set up a unique historic landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games, but also have a groundbreaking significance in the history of the development of world architecture, and will provide historical testimony for the development of Chinese and world architecture in the 21st century.
As the main venue of the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the National Stadium (" Bird's Nest ") will be hosted
Beijing Olympic Games
Paralympic Opening and Closing ceremonies, athletics and football and other related activities and events. The convoluted facade of the stadium is integrated with the geometric base of the building, like "trees and roots" to form a large architectural weave. The overall design of the National Stadium is novel and radical, the appearance is like a nest of life, more like a cradle, and the hope of mankind for the future, so it became the landmark building of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and won the attention of the world.
[19]
The National Stadium is used to host major international, regional and domestic events in China, as well as some non-traditional sports events to provide a fresh experience for sports fans
Sports culture
A chance to; In addition to sporting events, other major events such as:
Artistic performance
Major non-commercial government-sponsored events and private sector events will also be held at the National Stadium. The National Stadium will create its own cultural and human atmosphere, by attracting the best of China's domestic and
International sports
Event and performing arts institutions, excellent services and advanced management technology make the National Stadium the best large-scale sports events and performance venues across the country, and the National Stadium will become a new window for the rest of the world to see China.
Zhang Jiewei ·LIVE tour opened the Bird's Nest twice
Zhang Jiewei ·LIVE tour opened the Bird's Nest twice
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time
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performance
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|---|---|
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August 8, 2008
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2008 Beijing Olympic Games
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August 8, 2009
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The Italian Super Cup
[20]
Lazio 2-1 Inter
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April 23, 2010
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Yumin primary school sixth sports meeting
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April 27 - October 2010
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Glamour Bird's Nest photo contest
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May 4-13, 2010
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"Bird's Nest Cup" youth football invitational tournament
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July 25-30, 2010
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"Bird's Nest Cup" international youth football invitational tournament
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July 27, 2010
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"Love Running" sports charity games
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6 -10 August 2010
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Olympic 2nd anniversary photography exhibition
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August 6, 2010
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Return the Nest - The second anniversary of the Olympic Games
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August 8, 2010
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Barca China football match between China and the West
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August 20, 2010
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Olympic City Cup youth football invitational tournament
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August 23, 2010
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100 Team Cup football
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28 -29 May 2011
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Beijing Junior Baseball League (Bird's Nest, Elite School Cup) baseball competition
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July 16, 2011
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Bird's Nest Bowl flag football game
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July 20, 2011
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"Bird's Nest Cup" youth intelligence games
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August 6, 2011
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Inter 2-1 Milan, Italian Super Cup
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October 27-30, 2011
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CX China Ultimate Finals
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December 3, 2011
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Boiling snow Beijing World Snowboard Competition
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10 -12 May 2012
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2012 Longines Watch Beijing International Equestrian Masters
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July 27, 2012
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Bird's Nest Temple Cup English Premier League football
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August 4 - August 8, 2012
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Bird's Nest outdoor warm-up "The wall is Coming" activity
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August 8, 2012
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The first children's Simulated Olympic Games opened in the Bird's Nest
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July 18, 2013
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The cast of "Bird's Nest Attraction" enters the National Stadium for rehearsal
[21]
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November 4, 2017
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2017 League of Legends Global Finals
The final was held at the National Stadium
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Beijing 2022
Olympic Winter Games
The opening and closing ceremonies will be held in the Bird's Nest.
[22]
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time
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performance
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|---|---|
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May 1, 2009
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Jackie Chan
Bird's Nest Concert with Friends (Bird's Nest Concert debut)
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October 6, 2009
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Turandot opera at the Bird's Nest
[20]
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October 1, 2010
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The drum band of the Chinese Young Pioneers competed for the title of "Four good boys" sonorous drums played in the Bird's Nest
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October 3, 2010
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The Central Opera House celebrates the 61st anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic
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May 1, 2011
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Rolling Stones 30th anniversary Beijing concert Bird's Nest
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June 12, 2011
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New Long March Road - 2011 Bird's Nest large-scale interactive red song gathering
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June 18, 2011
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Sing for the Party, Salute to the Motherland -- Jinbo 2011 Bird's Nest Concert (Bird's Nest First solo)
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September 25, 2011
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China-japan-rok music festival
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July 14, 2012
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The BMW Joy Ceremony was staged at the National Stadium (Bird's Nest)
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April 2013
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Longines watch Beijing International Equestrian Masters
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October 19, 2013
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South Korean SM company SMTOWN -- Beijing Railway Station, China
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October 7, 2015
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Peak Night at the Bird's Nest in Season 4 of The Voice of China
[25]
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October 7, 2016
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"New Song of China" Bird's Nest finals
[27]
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October 7, 2017
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"China New Song 2" annual finals
[31]
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October 7, 2018
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May 15, 2019
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Asian Cultural Carnival
[36]
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October 7, 2019
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2019 "The Voice of China" Bird's Nest peak night
[40]
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June 22 and June 25, 2021
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A special performance to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China will be held at the National Stadium
line
[44]
|
|
June 28, 2021
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To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the artistic performance "The Great Journey" was held in the "Bird's Nest" of the National Stadium.
[45]
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time
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performance
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|---|---|
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April 14, 2012
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April 29-30, 2012
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Mayday
Noah's Ark Beijing concert
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August 17, 2013
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June 14, 2014
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Wang Leehom's MUSIC-MAN II World Tour - Beijing Station
[58-59]
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August 2, 2014
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Wang Feng 2014 peak storm coming concert -- Beijing Station
|
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August 26-28, 2016
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|
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October 21-22, 2016
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Eason Chan's "Another Eason's LIFE World Tour" -- Beijing Station
[28]
|
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July 7, 2017
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Wang Feng "Years" tour concert -- Beijing Station
[29]
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August 18-19, 2017
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September 23, 2017
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August 11, 2018
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August 24,25,26, 2018
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September 8-9, 2018
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August 10, 2019
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August 23, 24, 25, 2019
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May 26, 27, 28, 2023
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May 31, June 1, June 3, 2023
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August 11, 12, and 13, 2023
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August 25, 26, 27, 2023
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September 9 - September 10, 2023
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September 22-24, 2023
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April 20, 2024
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|
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May 5, 2024
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Zhang Jie 2018 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2018 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jiewei LIVE tour Bird's Nest Stadium
Zhang Jiewei LIVE tour Bird's Nest Stadium
Zhang Jiewei LIVE tour Bird's Nest Stadium
Zhang Jie 2019 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2018 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2018 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2019 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2019 Bird's Nest
Zhang Jie 2019 Bird's Nest
The Bird's Nest actively participates in the "Earth Hour" turning off the lights, opens free to all educators during Teachers' Day, receives soldiers and soldiers during National Day, cooperates with the China Red Cross Foundation during the snow and ice season to provide free play opportunities for orphans, and plans to donate the ticket income from the sales of corporate public welfare special events to the police pension fund.
On October 4, 2009, the Bird's Nest ushered in the National Day parade
On October 4, 2009, the Bird's Nest ushered in the National Day parade
Under the theme of "Humanity, green and Science and technology", the Bird's Nest Charity will establish strategic cooperation with governments and public welfare organizations in the fields of sports, culture, environmental protection and social welfare, support the development of youth and mass sports and culture, advocate environmental protection, promote scientific progress, pay attention to the poor, the disabled and other vulnerable groups, and make full use of the huge influence of the Bird's Nest. Every day, tens of thousands of tourists, large-scale competition and performance platforms, as well as the Bird's Nest warm-up field and home facilities carry out low-investment and high-impact public welfare activities. Combined with the promotion of the media and the publicity of the government and institutions, the public word-of-mouth spreads, shaping the image of the Bird's Nest for public welfare, making the Bird's Nest's public welfare advocacy, public welfare behavior and public welfare activities widely influential and renowned.
On August 18, 2022,
"Brilliant Pursuit of Dreams - Chinese Sports Culture Exhibition on the Road to the Olympic Games" opened at the National Stadium (Bird's Nest).
[53]
On June 23, 2019, Beijing 2022 official licensed commodity retail store National Stadium (Bird's Nest) store officially opened, the address is located in the Bird's Nest stadium on the first floor.
[41]
The National Stadium became
Beijing Winter Olympics
Venues for opening and closing ceremonies
[50]
.
In November 2021, the National Stadium "Bird's Nest" has been built into a digital, low-carbon and intelligent sports venue through the application of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology.
[46]
On the evening of February 4, 2022, the opening ceremony of the 24th Winter Olympic Games was held at the National Stadium in Beijing.
[48]
On the evening of February 20, 2022, the closing ceremony of the XXIV Winter Olympic Games was held at the National Sports Stadium
Field held.
[51]
The National Stadium, the Bird's Nest, became the only stadium in the world to host both the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics and the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics. The Bird's Nest has completed 37 renovation projects, officially opening a new model of energy-saving, low-carbon and intelligent services. The National Stadium adopts the overall solution of "old machine replacement + load zoning + multi-type equipment matching", through the combination of mostly combined, small multi-combined, split machines and precision air conditioners, etc., to meet the different use needs of multi-area, multi-equipment and multi-scene in the Bird's Nest stadium, and achieve high efficiency and energy saving.
[49]
In April 2022, the National Stadium will be opened to the public in an orderly manner. On April 20, the trial operation of the "Double Olympic Games" tour was officially fully opened during the "May Day" period, and the Bird's Nest was opened to the home stage area for the first time.
[52]
Until February 4, 2024, Beijing Winter Olympics
In the past two years, the three major venues, the National Stadium, the National Aquatics Center and the National Speed Skating Hall, have held hundreds of large-scale events with high-quality products and carriers to meet the new demand for sports and sports consumption, receiving a total of more than 7 million people, writing the sustainable use of Olympic venues "China Answer book".
[62]
Starting from March 16, 2024 (Saturday), the opening hours of Bird's Nest Stadium Tours (Bird's Nest Panorama Tour, general tour) will be adjusted from the current daily 10:00-18:00 (ticket stop at 17:00) to: daily 10:00-21:00 (ticket stop at 20:00). The Bird's Nest night landscape lighting is closed at 22:00.
[65]
On November 20, 2009, the National Stadium "Bird's Nest" mascot and logo Collection Announcement was issued (hereinafter referred to as the "Announcement"), officially soliciting the National Stadium "Bird's Nest" mascot and logo. As of January 19, 2010, a total of 1109 design works have been received, including 297 mascot design works and 812 logo design works. On February 6, 2010, a selection committee was organized to select the selected design works, and 6 mascots and logos were selected respectively.
[42-43]
According to the opinions of the experts, Mr. Liu Bo, an expert of the selection committee and a professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, was invited to appropriately modify the graphic part of the candidate works, recombine the graphic with Chinese and English text, and finally determine the design of the selected works. Mr. Huang Kejian, expert of the selection committee, visiting professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Design of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, gave guidance on Chinese and English characters. After research and decision, it is confirmed that the work number B-249-14 of Beijing Zhengbang Culture and Art Development Co., Ltd. is the selected work for the "Bird's Nest" mascot and logo collection of the National Stadium, and its main designer is Cao Shang.
[13]
National Stadium logo [42]
National Stadium logo [42]
The logo directly reflects the unique architectural appearance of the National Stadium, a worldwide architectural marvel and a landmark building of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, which has become a landmark tourist destination of modern Beijing and a symbol of the rise of the Chinese nation.
The overall configuration of the logo is designed as a stage, which is the stage of the Beijing Olympic Games, and a platform for sports events and performing arts activities, implying that the National Stadium will inherit the Olympic spirit and highlight Chinese civilization. The middle line adds the overall dynamic force, such as the infinite extension of the runway, that is, the runway of sports athletes, but also the meaning of the runway of life, spreading the positive, upward, participation, and struggle of the fighting spirit. These lines are like dancing streamers, highlighting the warm atmosphere of various activities in this move, youth, vigor and vitality.
The overall graphic logo is like a phoenix returning to the nest. Phoenix is the king of the hundred birds in Chinese traditional culture, which reflects people's good hopes for the National Stadium. The phoenix of homing means the idea of "home". The design is clear at a glance, the personality is distinct, and the organic combination of four layers of meaning makes it natural. We chose ---- red, the festive color of Chinese people. Red has a strong expression, expressing people's respect for life and yearning for a healthy life. Red matches the dominant color of the National Stadium.
The text in the logo is a modern sans-serif font. The crisp, clear text and the curved graphics coexist harmoniously and complement each other.
The new brand image of the "Bird's Nest" clearly explains the change of positioning and fully demonstrates it: first, appreciate the architectural beauty of the "Bird's Nest" and feel the brilliant spirit of the Beijing Olympic Games; Second, a first-class venue for hosting top-level international competitions; The third is a first-class venue for large-scale artistic performances; Fourth, through gradual transformation and development, fully tap the functions of "Bird's Nest" in all aspects of commerce, exhibition and exchange, and gradually become a new positioning of a large-scale comprehensive international sports and cultural exchange and exhibition center integrating sports competition, artistic performances, exhibition services, catering and hotels, tourism, shopping and leisure.
National stadium
