Beijing (Beijing), referred to as "Jing" in ancient times Yenching , Peiping , yes People's Republic of China capital , Municipality directly under the central government , National central city , megacity , ^[185] Approved by The State Council of China Political center , Cultural center , International exchange center , Science and technology innovation center , ^[1] China Famous historical and cultural city and Ancient capital One of them, World's first-tier city . ^[3] ^[142] ^[188] As of October 2023, Beijing has jurisdiction over 16 districts with a total area of 16,410.54 square kilometers. ^[82] ^[193] ^[195] By the end of 2023, Beijing's permanent population was 21.858 million. ^[214-215]

Beijing is located in the north of China. North China Plain North, east and Tianjin Adjacent, the rest are with Hebei Province Adjacent, the center is located in 116°20 'east longitude, 39°56' north latitude, Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The west, north and northeast are surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the southeast is a plain that slopes slowly toward the Bohai Sea. The main rivers flowing through the territory are: Yongding River , Chaobai River , Nordkanal , Juma River The climate of Beijing is warm temperate semi-humid semi-arid monsoon climate, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, short in spring and autumn.

Beijing is... CPC Central Committee The People's Republic of China Central people's government The People's Republic of China Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The location. ^[142] Beijing successfully hosted the Summer and Winter Olympics, becoming the world's first" The city of the Olympic Games ". ^[127] Beijing is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. ^{[194
]} World famous ancient capital and modern international city, ^[2] It has gathered the outstanding achievements and fine traditions of Chinese culture since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, has many scenic spots and cultural landscapes, and is the city with the largest number of World cultural Heritage sites in the world. ^{[194
]}

In 2023, Beijing's annual GDP reached 4,376.07 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year at constant prices. The added value of the primary industry was 10.55 billion yuan, down 4.6%; The added value of the secondary industry reached 652.56 billion yuan, up by 0.4%; The added value of the tertiary industry reached 3,712.96 billion yuan, up by 6.1%. ^[208]

Latest news

Beijing's first-quarter GDP exceeded one trillion yuan for the first time 4 minutes ago

In the first quarter of this year, Beijing's economy continued to recover from last year's growth trend, continued to pick up, and achieved a "good start", with the regional GDP reaching 1,058.14 billion yuan, breaking the trillion yuan mark for the first time in the first quarter, laying a solid foundation for achieving the annual target. ... details

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Chinese name: Beijing
Foreign name: Beijing
Peking ^[4]
alias: Peiping , Yenching , thistle , You Zhou
Administrative division code: 110000
Administrative category: Municipality directly under the central government
Subordinate region: People's Republic of China
Geographical position: North China, north China Plain
Area product: 16410 km² ^[2]
Subordinate area: 16 municipal districts
Government premises: Tongzhou District 57 East Canal Street ^[5]
Telephone area code: 010
Postal code: 100000

Climatic condition: Warm temperate zone semi-humid semi-arid monsoon climate ^[2]
Population number: 21.858 million ^[214] (End of 2023)
Famous scenic spot: Tian 'anmen Square , Beijing Palace Museum , Old Summer Palace , The Summer Palace , Badaling Great Wall , Ming Tombs , Mutianyu Great Wall , Temple of Heaven Park , Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian , Fangshan Global Geopark in China , Prince Gong Mansion , Beihai Park , Gubei water Town , Olympic Park , Miyun reservoir , Sanlitun , Grand Canal Forest Park
aerodrome: Beijing Capital International Airport , Beijing Daxing International Airport
Railway station: Beijing Railway Station , Beijing East Railway Station , Beijing South Railway Station , Beijing West Railway Station , Beijing North Railway Station , Beijing Chaoyang Railway Station , Daxing Airport Station , Beijing Daxing Railway Station , Qinghe Railway Station , Beijing City sub-central Station , Beijing Fengtai Railway Station ^[109]
License plate code: Beijing A - Beijing Q, Beijing Y ^[85]
Gross regional product: 4.376.07 billion yuan ^[208] (2023)
Current leader: Yin Li ^[162] (Secretary of the Municipal Committee) , Yin Yong ^[160] (Mayor)

catalogue

▪Intangible cultural heritage and special products
▪Religious culture
▪Architectural culture
▪Food culture
11Scenic spot
▪summarize
▪Tourist attraction
▪Tourist spot
12External communication
13Famous person
14Honor received
15Satellite picture

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

History of construction

As early as The Western Zhou Dynasty (206 B.C.) In the early years, King Wu of Zhou The duke was called Yan in Beijing and nearby areas, and the capital was in present-day Beijing Fangshan District the Liulihe Town The site still exists. reseal Yellow Emperor Later, he lived in Jili, southwest of today's Beijing. The later Yan state was destroyed Thistle Kingdom The capital was moved to Jili, collectively known as Yandu or Yanjing. ^{[194
]}

Detailed map of Beijing by the cartographic department of the Royal Prussian Munitions Society

Qin placed Guangyang County, Jixian County (today in the Xicheng district of Beijing Guanganmen area), co-governing thistle, at the same time Yuyang Yuyang County is now Huairou District Liyuan Zhuang southeast, Shanggu County is now Hebei Province Huailai County. ^{[194
]}

In the Western Han Dynasty, Guangyang County was successively changed into Yan and Guangyang States. During the reign of Wang Mang, Guangyang County was renamed Guangyou County, Shanggu County was renamed Shuotiao County, Yuyang County was renamed Tongtong County, and Ji County was renamed Varong County. The Eastern Han Dynasty restored the old name. ^{[194
]}

In the 13th year (37) of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangyang County was merged into Shanggu County. Yongyuan eight years (96), the restoration of Guangyang County. Yu Yang County during the eastern Han Dynasty migration Lu. Three Kingdoms Wei Guangyang County to Yan State, Yuyang County and people. In the northern Wei Dynasty, the state of Yan was changed to Yan County, and Yuyang County was restored, and Shanggu County emigrated to Juyong (now east Yanqing District). The Northern Qi set up the northeast road in Yanjun and abandoned Shanggu County. North Zhou northeast road to change to Yuzhou Grand governor's office. ^{[194
]}

Sui Kai Emperor three years (583), abandoned Yuyang County. Daye three years (607), Youzhou changed to Zhuojun. ^{[194
]}

In the first year of Tang Wude (618), Zhuojun County was changed into Youzhou Governor's Office, and later it was changed into Youzhou Grand Governor's Office, Fanyang County, Youzhou Grand Governor's Office, and Youzhou Governor's Office. In the second year of Jianzhong (781), he settled Yudu County in the west of Jixian County and co-ruled Yuzhou City with Jixian County. ^[103] ^{[194
]}

At the beginning of the Five Dynasties, the warlord Liu Rengong established a local government here, called the King of Yan, which was later eliminated by the Later Tang Dynasty. ^{[194
]}

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Guangyi fought the Liao Army at Gaoliang River (today's Xicheng District of Beijing), and the Northern Song Dynasty was defeated.

In the first year of the Liao Dynasty (938), Youzhou was named Nanjing, also known as Yanjing, and Youdu Mansion was set up to rule the capital of Nanjing. Jixian County was renamed Jibei County, and Yudu County was attached to Nanjing. In the first year of Kaitai (1012), Yudu Prefecture was renamed Sijin Prefecture, Jibei County was renamed Sijin County, and Yudu County was renamed Wanping County. Sijin Prefecture has jurisdiction over 6 prefectures, 11 counties, 13 counties, a total of 24 counties. This area except Yanqing County are in its, Yanqing is another Ruzhou. In the fourth year of Xuanhe (1122), Sijin Prefecture was renamed Yanshan Prefecture and administered Yanjing, with jurisdiction over 12 counties. ^{[194
]}

1914 Map of Old Beijing

In the first year of Jin Zhen Yuan (1153), the King of Hailing moved his capital to Yanjing and renamed it Zhongdu, while the Sijin Mansion was renamed Yongan Mansion and the central capital city was governed. The next year, Yongan house renamed Daxing House, under the jurisdiction of Daxing, Wanping, Anzi, Rong Yin, Wuqing, Xianghe, Changping, Liangxiang, Yongqing, Baodi 10 counties, Tongzhou, Shunyi directly under the road, Daxing, Wanping 2 counties co-rule the capital city. ^{[194
]}

Yuan Shizu Solstice element The first year (1264), renamed Jongdu Road Daxing Prefecture. In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), Zhongdu Daxing Prefecture was officially renamed Dadu Road (Turkic: Khanbalik, meaning "Khan city", transliterated as Khan Bari Gambalik), that is, Yuan Dadu. Yuan Dadu became the transportation center of all China, north to Lingbei Province , east to Noel Gandos Seat of government Amur River Downstream), west to Xizang Place, south to Hainan (Province) All communicate here. From this period on, Beijing became the capital of China. Twenty-one years, set Dadu road general house, leading left, right police patrol 2 courts, jurisdiction Daxing, Wanping, Liangxiang, Yongqing, Baodi, Changping 6 counties and Zhuo, Baa, thistle, East an, Gu An, Tong, Rong, Shun, Tan, Longqing 10 states, 16 counties, Daxing, Wanping 2 counties co-rule Dadu city.

In the first year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1368), he set up the Secretary of Beijing to declare the political envoy, and changed Dadu Road into Beiping Prefecture, which was assigned to Beijing in October of the same year in response to military needs Shandong Province . In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), it was changed to the residence of the Chengxuan Secretary of Beijing. The first year of Yongle (1403), King of Swallow Zhu Di the The change of the difficulty After winning the imperial throne, Beiping was Beijing, and in order to "conform to the will of heaven", Beiping was changed into Shuntianfu, which was called "Xingin" (where Tianzi Xingluan was stationed, it was called "Xingin") and resided here; On the fourth of November in the 18th year of Yongle (1420), Emperor Taizong of Ming Zhu Di issued the "Moving the Capital Edict", changed Beiping to Beijing, and told the world to move the capital to Beijing ^[186-187] In nineteen years, Beijing was changed to the capital and was not called "walking in". In the early years of Hongxi, it was still called "walking". Orthodox six years (1441), called "walking", as the capital, the capital Shun Tianfu led 5 states, 22 counties, Yanqing for the capital Zhili state. ^{[194
]}

Settings in Ming and Qing dynasties Shuntianfu The jurisdiction of the capital region is similar to that of Beijing, but the jurisdiction area is different. The soldiers entered the customs After that, it was stationed in Beijing, also known as Beijing Shi Shuntianfu , belong to Zhili Province . ^{[194
]}

Qing Kangxi 27 years (1688), set four roads Tongzhi, under the jurisdiction of the prefectures. During the Qianlong period, Shuntian Prefecture had jurisdiction over 24 prefectures, and Yanqing County was Xuanhua Prefecture. qing Xianfeng Ten years (1860), Anglo-french army Went to Beijing and signed the" Treaty of Beijing ". qing Guang Xu Twenty-six years (1900), Eight-nation allied forces Once again in Beijing, a large number of cultural relics were looted by the invading army and the bad people. In 1901, in the 27th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government signed an agreement with 11 countries in Beijing. Treaty of sin-ugly ". ^{[194
]}

In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Beijing had 46 districts in inner and outer cities, 26 districts in inner cities and 20 districts in outer cities. In thirty-four, the inner city was merged into District 13 and the outer city into District 10. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), in September, the inner city was divided into 10 districts: Middle one district, middle two district, Inner left one district to inner left four district, inner right one district to inner right four district; Outer City District 10 is: outer left District 1 to outer left District 5, outer right District 1 to outer right District 5. ^{[194
]}

Tian An Men

On January 1, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China, Republic of China Establish a capital Nanjing The capital was moved to Beijing in March of the same year. At the beginning of the Republic of China, the local system of Beijing was still in accordance with the Qing system, called Shuntianfu. In the three years of the Republic of China (1914), Shun Tianfu was changed to Beijing metropolitan area The scope and specifications are roughly the same as Shuntianfu, which is directly under the central government of Beiyang Government. During this period, Beijing built a new tram system, and a number of modern cultural and educational institutions, such as Peking University , Beijing Normal University , Yenching University , Fu Jen University , Beijing Union Medical College Let's wait. The 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), June, after the Northern Expedition War, the capital was moved back Nanjing Revoked the original Beijing Zhaolocal, Beijing was renamed Beiping Special City, and later changed to Beiping City, under the Nanjing National government Executive Yuan . In June 1930, the 19th year of the Republic of China, Peiping was downgraded to Hebei Province Municipalities directly under the provincial government In December of the same year, it was restored to the municipality of the hospital. The 26th year of the Republic of China (1937) The July 7 Incident Later, War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Full blown. Peiping was occupied by the Japanese, Provisional Government of the pseudo Republic of China It was established here and renamed Beiping Beijing. The Communist Party of China led the people to establish Shanxi Chaji anti-Japanese base area , proceed National revolutionary war . ^[79] On August 21, 1945, in the 34th year of the Republic of China, the invading Japanese forces in Beijing announced the surrender of the Eleventh Theater Sun Lianzhong The ministry took over Beijing and renamed itself Beiping. The jurisdiction of Beiping City is smaller than that of Shuntianfu, Jingzhao local and Beijing City, which roughly includes today Xicheng District , Dongcheng District Throughout the territory, Chaoyang District Most of the southern half of Haidian District, Shijingshan district Minami Hoa Fengtai District The northern half. In January 1949, 32 districts were temporarily demarcated on the basis of the 20 districts in the former Kuomintang period, and the 32 districts were merged into 26 districts in April and adjusted to 20 districts after the completion of the takeover task in June.

On January 31, 1949, Fu Zuoyi 与中国共产党达成和平协议，率领25万国民党军队投向共产党， Chinese People's Liberation Army Enter Beiping City, Beijing peaceful liberation. September 27, 1949 The first Plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference By" Resolution on the capital, calendar, national anthem and national flag of the People's Republic of China Beiping was renamed Beijing. On October 1, 1949, Central Government of the People's Republic of China It was proclaimed in Beijing. ^[154]

Founding Ceremony (Oil painting)

The capital dynasty

Dynasty (period)	Central position
Yan	Peking
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period , Thistle Kingdom	Guang 'anmen outside Beijing
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period , Yan	Fangshan District Liulihe town, said Beijing Guang anmen outside
liao	Guang 'anmen outside Beijing
gold	Guang 'anmen outside Beijing
yuan	Peking
Ming	Peking
qing	Peking
Republic of China	Beijing
People's Republic of China	Beijing

Administrative division

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EDITOR

History of zoning

In 1952, Beijing came under the leadership of the North China Administrative Committee. In July of the same year, Hebei Province Wanping county All and part of Fangshan and Liangxiang counties are assigned to Beijing.

Standard map of Beijing (City area)

Standard map of Beijing (Border Edition)

Standard map of Beijing (Six districts)

Standard map of Beijing (East West City)

Beijing Traffic Map (2020 HD version)

Beijing City Traffic Map (2020 HD version)

Large map of Beijing city

Beijing urban transportation tourism map

It was revoked on 9 March 1956 Changping county The administrative region of Changping County ( Goryeong Town (except) to the city of Beijing, and named Changping District . Hebei Province Tongxian County Jinzhan, Changdian, Beigao, Sunhe, Cuigezhuang, Shangxinbao, Qianweigou and other seven townships were transferred to Beijing. ^[154]

March 1958, Hebei Province Tongxian special area Affiliated to Tongxian, Shunyi, Daxing, Liangxiang, Fangshan and other 5 counties Tongzhou City Incorporated into Beijing. Subsequent cancellation Xidan District , Xiv District The two districts were merged to establish Xicheng District; cancel Dongdan District , East fourth District Two districts, merged to establish Dongcheng District; cancel Qianmen area , incorporate into Chongwen District , Xuanwu District Zone 2; The east suburb was renamed Chaoyang District; Shijingshan District was abolished and divided into Fengtai District, Haidian District and Haidian District respectively Mentougou District ; Jingxi mining area Renamed Mentougou District; Tongxian County and Tongzhou City shall be abolished and merged Tongzhou District ; Abolish Liangxiang district, Fangshan District District Two, amalgamated Zhoukou shop area ; cancel Daxing county , changed to Daxing District ; cancel Nanyuan District , divided into Chaoyang District, Fengtai District and Daxing District; cancel Shunyi county , changed to Shunyi District . In October, the four counties of Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu and Yanqing in Hebei Province were incorporated into Beijing.

On January 7, 1960, Changping District was abolished and Changping County was restored. Abolish Shunyi District and restore Shunyi County; Tongzhou District was abolished and Tongxian County restored; Abolish Daxing District and restore Daxing County; Abolish Zhoukoudian district, restore Fangshan County. By the end of 1960, Beijing had jurisdiction over 8 districts such as Dongcheng, Xicheng, Xuanwu, Chongwen, Haidian, Chaoyang, Fengtai and Mentougou, and 9 counties such as Changping, Yanqing, Huairou, Miyun, Shunyi, Pinggu, Tongxian, Daxing and Fangshan.

On August 7, 1967, the Shijingshan Office was abolished and established Shijingshan district .

It was established on 20 October 1980 Yanshan District .

On November 11, 1986, Fangshan County and Yanshan District were abolished and established Fangshan District . The administrative areas of the former Fangshan County and Yanshan District shall be the administrative areas of Fangshan District ^[6] .

On April 29, 1997, with the approval of The State Council (State Letter [1997] No. 30), it was agreed to revoke Tongxian and establish Tongzhou District The administrative area of the former Tongxian County shall be the administrative region of Tongzhou District.

On March 3, 1998, The State Council (State Letter [1998]17) approved the abolition of Shunyi County and the establishment of Beijing Shunyi District The administrative region of the original Shunyi County shall be the administrative region of Shunyi District.

On September 16, 1999, Beijing abolished Changping County and established it Changping District .

On March 2, 2001, Beijing abolished Daxing County and established it Daxing District .

On February 7, 2002, Beijing abolished Huairou and Pinggu counties and established Beijing Municipality Huairou District , Pinggu District . ^[154]

On July 1, 2010, Beijing abolished the former Dongcheng District, Chongwen District The establishment of the new Dongcheng District of Beijing; The abolition of the former Xicheng District, Xuanwu District And set up a new Beijing City Xicheng District . ^[7]

On November 17, 2015, Miyun and Yanqing counties were abolished and Beijing Municipality was established Miyun District , Yanqing District . At this point, Beijing bid farewell to the era of county governance. ^[155]

Map of districts in Beijing

Zoning details

As of 2023, Beijing has jurisdiction over 16 municipal districts, namely Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, Chaoyang District, Fengtai District, Shijingshan District, Haidian District, Shunyi District, Tongzhou District, Daxing District, Fangshan District, Mentougou District, Changping District, Pinggu District, Miyun District, Huairou District and Yanqing District. No. 57, Canal East Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipal Government. ^[8] ^[193]

Atlas of Beijing
Beijing satellite map HD version of the big picture	Beijing topographic map HD version big picture	Beijing electronic map HD version of large picture

regionalization
Municipal district	area (k㎡)	Government premises	Subordinate area
Dongcheng District	41.84	Jingshan street	Donghuamen Street , Jingshan street , Crossing street , Andingmen Street , Beixinqiao Street , Dongsi Street , Chaoyangmen Street , Jianguomen Street , Dongzhimen Street , Hepingli Street , Qianmen Street , Chongwen gate street , East flower market street , Longtan Street , Gymnasium road street , Temple of Heaven Street , Yongding gate street
Xicheng District	50.7	Financial street	West Chang 'an Avenue Street , Xinjiekou Street , Yuetan Street , Exhibition road street , Desheng Street , Financial Street Street, Shichahai Street , Dashilan Street , Tianqiao Street , Chun Shu Street , Taoranting Street , Guang 'anmen inner street , Cow Street Street , White paper Square street , Guang 'an gate street
Chaoyang District	470.8	Chaowai Street	Jianwai street , facing the outer street, Hujialou Street , Sanlitun Street , Zuojiazhuang Street , Xianghe Garden street , Heping Street , Anzhen Street , Asian Games Village street , Xiaoguan street , Jiuxianqiao Street , Maizidian street , Tuanjiehu Street , Liulitun Street , Balizhuang Street , Shuangjing street , Jinsong Street , Panjiayuan Street , 垡头 Street , South mill Township (region), Gaobeidian Township (region), Jiangtai township (region), Taiyanggong Township (region), Datun Street , Wangjing Street , Xiaohongmen Township (region), Eighteen Lidian Township (region), Pingfang township (region), Dongfeng Village (region), Olympic Village street , Laiguangying Township (region), Changying Hui Township (region), Sanfang Township (region), Guanzhuang township (region), Jinzhan township (region), Sunhe township (region), Cui Gezhuang Township (region), Dongba township (region), Black village (region), Dougezhuang Township (region), Wang Siying Township (region), Donghu Street , Capital Airport Street
Fengtai District	304	Fengtai Street	You An Gate street , Taipingqiao street , Xiluo Yuan Street , Dahongmen Street , Nanyuan Street , East Highland Street , East Blacksmith Camp Street , Liuliqiao Street , Fengtai Street, Xincun street , Changxin Store street , Yungang street , Fangzhuang street , Wanping Street , Majiapu Street , Heyi Street , Lugou Bridge Street , Huaxiang street , Chengshou Temple street , Pomegranazhuang Street , Yuquanying street , Kandan Street , Wulidian Street , Qingta Street , Beigong Town , Wangzuo Town
Shijingshan district	85.74	Lu Gu Street	Babaoshan Street , Laoshan street , Bajiao Street , Ancient city street , Apple orchard Street , Jinding Street , Guangning street , Wulituo Street Lu Valley Street
Haidian District	431	Haidian street	Wanshou Road Street , Yongding Road Street , Yang Fang shop street , Ganjiazou Street , Balizhuang Street , Zizhuyuan Street , North Xiaguan Street , North Taipingzhuang street , Xueyuan Road street , Zhongguancun Street , Haidian Street, Qinglongqiao Street , Qinghuayuan Street , Yanyuan Street , Xiangshan Street , Qinghe Street , Garden road street , Xisanqi Street , Marienwa Street , Tamura Road Street , Upper subdistrict , Wanliu region , Dongsheng Township (District), Shuguang Street , Hot springs (region), Sijiqing Town (region), Northwest Wang Town (region), Sujiatuo town (region), Shangzhuang Town (Region)
Shunyi District	1021	Shengli Street	Victory Street, Guangming Street , Renhe Town (region), After Sha Yu town (region), Tianzhu Town (region), Yang Zhen , Niulan Mountain Town (region), South Faxin Town (region), Mapo Town (region), Shiyuan Street , Airport street , Shuangfeng Street , Wangquan Street , Goryeong Town , Liqiao Town , Li Suizhen , Namcai Town , Beiwu Town , Dasungezhuang town , Zhang Zhen , Longwan Tun town , Woodwood Town , North Xiaoying Town , North Shitrough town , Zhaoquanying Town
Tongzhou District	906	Luyuan Street	Zhongcang street , Xinhua Street , Beiyuan Street , Yuqiao Street , Luyuan Street , Transit street , Wenjing street , Nine Trees Street , Linheli Street , Yangzhuang street , Luyi Street , Song Zhuang Town , Zhangjiawan town , Huoxian town , Majuqiao Town , Xiji Town , Taihu Town , Yongledian town , Lucheng Town , Yongshun Town , Liyuan town , Return home in housework
Daxing District	1036	Xingfeng street	Xingfeng street , Forest school road street , Qingyuan Street , Yizhuang town (region), Huangcun Town (region), Guogong Town (region), West Red Gate town (region), Yinghai Town (region), Guanyin Temple street , Tiangongyuan Street , Gao Mi Shop Street , Wing wah Street , Boxing Street , Qingyundian town , Harvest town , Anding Town , Lixian Town , 榆垡镇 , Panggezhuang town , Beizang village , Wei Shanzhuang Town , Eldest son ying town
Fangshan District	2019	Gongchen Street	Chengguan street , Xinzhen street , Xiangyang street , Dongfeng Street , Windward street , Starling City streets , Liangxiang Town (region), Zhoukoudian Town (region), Liulihe Town (District), Gongchen Street, Xilu Street , Yancun Town , Doudian town , Shilou Town , Changyang Town , Hebei town , Changgou Town , Dashiwo Town , Zhangfang Town , Shidu town , Qinglonghu Town , Han Cun River town , Xiayunling Township , Nanjiao township , Fozi Zhuang Township , Da 'an Mountain Township , Shijiaying Township , Puwa township
Mentougou District	1451	Dayu street	Dayu Street, Chengzi street , East Singfang Street , Datai Street , Wang Pingzhen (region), Yongding Town (region), Longquan Town (region), Tan Zhushi town , Junzhuang Town , Yanyan Township , Zhaitang Town , Qingshui Town , Miaofeng Mountain Town
Changping District	1344	North street	North street of the city, Nankou town (region), Machikou Town (region), Shahe Town (region), Chengnan Street , Dongxiaokou Town (region), Tiantongyuan North Street , Tiantongyuan South Street , Huoying street , Huilongguan Street , Longzeyuan Street , Shigezhuang Street , Yangfang Town , Xiaotangshan Town , Nanshao Town , Cui Cun Town , Baishan Town , North seven home town , Xingshou Town , Liucun Town , Ming Tombs Town , Yanshou Town
Pinggu District	948.24	Riverside street	Riverside street, Xinggu Street , Yuyang area , Yukou Town (region), Mabang Town (region), Jinhai Lake Town (region), Donggao village , Zhuang town in Shandong province , South Dule River town , Dahua Mountain Town , The town of Chagezhuang , Machangying Town , Wang Xinzhuang Town , Daxingzhuang Town , Liu Jiadian town , Town Luoying town , Huangsongyu Township , Xiong 'er Village
Miyun District	2229	Gulou Street	Gulou Street, Guoyuan Street , Tanying Manchu Mongolian township , Miyun Town , Xi Weng Zhuang Town , West Tiangezhuang town , Shilibao Town , Henan Zhai town , Jugezhuang Town , Mu Jiayu town , Taishitun Town , Gao Ling Town , Youxitun town , Feng Jiayu town , Gubeikou Town , Dachengzi Town , East Shaoqu Town , Beizhuang Town , New Town , Stone town
Huairou District	2123	Longshan Street	Quanhe Street , Longshan Street, Huairou Town (region), Yanqi town (region), Temple town (region), Beifang Town , Yang Songzhen , Qiaozi Town , Huaibei Town , Tanghekou Town , Bohai Town , Jiudu River town , Liuli Temple town , Baoshan Town , Long sentry camp Manchu township , Manchu township of horn Goumen
Yanqing District	1994	Rulin Street	Baiquan Street , Perfume garden street , Rulin Street, Yanqing town , Kangzhuang Town , Badaling Town , Yongning Town , Jiu County Town , Zhangshanying town , Sihai Town , Qianjiadian Town , Shen Jiaying town , The town of Big Elm , Jingzhuang Town , Dazhuangke Township , Liu Binbao Township , Xiangying township , Pearl spring township
Reference materials: ^[123]

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

Beijing is located at the northwest end of the North China Plain, between 115°20 'and 117°30' east longitude and 39°28 'and 41°05' north latitude, in the middle of the Haihe River Basin. The total area is 16,410 square kilometers. locate North China Plain To the north, adjacent Bohai Gulf , lean up Liaodong Peninsula , coming down Shandong Peninsula . Beijing City is adjacent to Tianjin City, and together with Tianjin City Hebei Province Surround. ^[149]

Beijing Municipal People's Government

landform

Beijing is located in the northwest corner of the North China Plain, the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The terrain is characterized by more mountains and less plains. The north is a low mountain area, and the southeast is a gently sloping plain, of which the mountain area accounts for about 61% and the plain area accounts for about 39%. The city has an average elevation of 43.5 meters. The elevation of the Beijing plain is 20 to 60 meters, and the mountain is generally 1000 to 1500 meters above sea level. The main mountains are Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain range. ^[9] ^{[194
]}

The terrain and rivers of Beijing

The western part of Beijing is Western Hill Belong to Taihang Mountains ; North and northeast are Jundu Mountain Belong to Yanshan Mountains . The highest mountain is West Beijing Mentougou District the Dongyeongsan It is 2,303 meters above sea level. The lowest point, Sanfa, is 7 meters above sea level in Tongzhou District. The two mountains intersect at the Nankou Gully, forming a semi-circular mountain bend that spreads out to the southeast. People call it "Beijing Bend", and the small plain around it is Beijing bascule . As the ancients said," You Zhou Place, left ring The sea , Right embrace Taihang City , North Pillow Kyong , south front Ha Zi A land of abundance." ^[10] ^{[194
]}

Low-light remote sensing satellite image of Beijing

climate

The climate of Beijing is warm temperate semi-humid semi-arid monsoon climate, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, short in spring and autumn. annual Frost-free season 180 ~ 200 days, the western mountain shorter. The average rainfall in 2007 was 483.9 mm North China One of the rainiest areas. The distribution of precipitation season is very uneven, 80% of the annual precipitation concentrated in the summer June, July, August three months, July, August there is heavy rain.

The average annual solar radiation in Beijing is 112-136 kcal/cm. The two high value areas are distributed in Yanqing Basin and Overcast cloud Northwest to county Try to appease In the eastern region, the annual radiation amount is above 135 kcal/cm; The low value area is located Fangshan District the Xiyunling Mountain Nearby, the annual radiation is 112 kcal/cm. The average annual sunshine duration in Beijing is between 2000 and 2800 hours. The maximum value is in Yanqing District and Gubeikou , for more than 2800 hours, the minimum distribution in Xiyunling Mountain The sunshine is 2063 hours. During the rainy season in summer, the sunshine hours decrease, and the monthly sunshine is about 230 hours. Although the number of sunshine hours in autumn is not more than that in spring, it is more than that in summer, and the monthly sunshine is 230 ~ 245 hours. Winter is the season with the lowest number of sunshine hours in a year, and the monthly sunshine is less than 200 hours, generally 170 to 190 hours. ^[156]

Beijing after the snow

Natural resources

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EDITOR

Water resources

Beijing's natural rivers run from west to east through five major water systems: Juma River Water system, Yongding River system , North canal system , Chaobai River Drainage sum Jicanal The water system. Most originate from the northwest mountains, meander southeast through the plain, and finally respectively Haihe River import The Bohai Sea (except Jihe Canal). ^[156]

Ming Tombs Reservoir

Beijing has 85 reservoirs, including large reservoirs Miyun reservoir , Guanting reservoir , Huairou reservoir , Haizi reservoir .

The average annual groundwater supply in Beijing is about 2.921 billion cubic meters, and the average annual recoverable amount is about 2.4-2.5 billion cubic meters. The annual average amount of disposable natural water resources is 5.521 billion cubic meters.

Beijing's total water consumption in 2013 was 3.53 billion cubic meters, an increase of 1.4 percent over 2012. Among them, domestic water was 1.45 billion cubic meters, an increase of 4.3%; Industrial water consumption was 560 million cubic meters, down 3.4%; Agricultural water use was 1.2 billion cubic meters, down 3.2 percent. ^[156]

Mineral resources

Beijing has discovered a total of 67 kinds of minerals, 476 deposits, mineral sites, listed in the national reserves table of 44 kinds of minerals, including: energy minerals 2; There are 4 kinds of ferrous metal minerals, 11 kinds of non-ferrous metal, precious metal and dispersed element minerals; Metallurgical auxiliary raw materials non-metallic minerals 7; 5 kinds of chemical raw materials non-metallic minerals; 15 kinds of building materials and other non-metallic minerals. There are a total of 300 producing areas, including 49 ferrous metal producing areas, 35 non-ferrous metal producing areas, 43 non-metallic metallurgical auxiliary raw materials, 68 non-metallic chemical raw materials, 75 building materials and other non-metallic producing areas, and 30 coal producing areas. ^[156]

Plant resources

The zonal vegetation types in Beijing are Warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest The distribution of warm coniferous forest is intermingled.

Most of the plains have become cropland and towns It is only developed in local depressions on both sides of the river bank Reed , cattail , arrowhead But most of the depressions have been opened up as fish ponds, and there are many weeds on wasteland, ridge and roadside. Submerged and floating aquatic vegetation grows in lakes and ponds.

The phenotypic vegetation types in the lower mountain zone below 800 m elevation are cork oak forest, oak forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest and lateral Berlina forest. In the middle mountains above 800 m, the forest coverage rate increased, and the lower part was dominated by Quercus liaodongensis. The altitude was 1000m to 1800-2000 m, and the birch trees increased. In the areas where the forest community was seriously damaged, the shrubs of Lesconia bicolor, Corylus and Spiraea were dominant. The mountain tops above 1,800-1,900 meters above sea level are covered with mountain grass meadows. ^[156]

The city's forest coverage rate reached 44.8%, the forest stock volume reached 31.64 million cubic meters, the urban green coverage rate reached 49.3%, the per capita park green area reached 16.63 square meters, the forest resource asset value reached 907 billion yuan, and the annual carbon sink capacity of the forest green space ecosystem reached 8.8 million tons. ^[168]

Animal resources

The fauna of Beijing is composed of the eastern steppe, Changbai Mountain and Songliao plain of the New Mongolian District, the eastern monsoon area and the northern and southern parts of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the fauna of Beijing is characterized by the transition from Palaearctic to Oriental. As of 2009, the fauna includes about 40 species of mammals, 220 species of birds, 16 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, and 60 species of fish. ^[156]

As of April 15, 2023, Beijing Terrestrial Wildlife List (2023) The list of wildlife species has increased from 596 to 608, with all 12 new species being birds. ^[171]

population

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EDITOR

Population number

The seventh national census

Permanent population

At midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent resident population of Beijing was 21.893 million, compared with 19.612 million in 2010 (the sixth National census data, the same below), an increase of 2.281 million in ten years, an average annual increase of 228,000, or an average annual increase of 1.1%. This is 2.7 percentage points lower than the average annual growth rate of 3.8 percent from 2000 to 2010. Among the permanent residents, 8.418 million people from other provinces and cities came to Beijing, accounting for 38.5% of the permanent population. Compared with 2010, the number increased by 1.373 million, an increase of 19.5 percent, an average annual increase of 1.8 percent, and the proportion of permanent residents increased by 2.6 percentage points. ^[83]

Household population

There are 8230,792 family households, 907,136 group households, 19,014,338 family households, and 2,878,757 group households in Beijing. The average population per household was 2.31, down 0.14 from 2.45 in the sixth National census in 2010. ^[86]

Urban and rural population

In terms of the composition of urban and rural areas, the urban population is 19.128 million and the rural population is 2.715 million. The urban population accounts for 87.6% of the city's permanent population. ^[179]

Gender composition of resident population

Among the permanent population of Beijing, the male population is 11,195,390, accounting for 51.1%; The female population was 10,697,705 (48.9%). The sex ratio of the resident population (100 females, male to female ratio) was 104.7, a decrease of 2.1 as compared with the sixth National census in 2010. ^[87]

Age composition of resident population

In the permanent population of Beijing, the number of 0-14 years old is 2591507, accounting for 11.9%; The population aged 15-59 was 1,5002,998, accounting for 68.5%; The population aged 60 and above was 4,298,590 (19.6%), of which 2,912,060 (13.3%) were 65 and above.

Compared with the sixth National census in 2010, the proportion of the population aged 0-14 increased by 3.3 percentage points, that of the population aged 15-59 decreased by 10.4 percentage points, that of the population aged 60 and above increased by 7.1 percentage points, and that of the population aged 65 and above increased by 4.6 percentage points. ^[87]

By the end of 2022, there were 2.64 million permanent residents aged 0-14 in Beijing, accounting for 12.1% of the city's permanent residents. The permanent population aged 15-59 was 14.552 million, accounting for 66.6%; The resident population aged 60 and above was 4.651 million, accounting for 21.3%. ^[179]

By the end of 2022

By the end of 2022, Beijing's permanent population was 21.843 million, down 43,000 from the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population was 19.128 million, accounting for 87.6% of the permanent population; The permanent migrant population was 8.251 million, accounting for 37.8% of the permanent population. The birth rate of permanent residents was 5.67‰, the death rate was 5.72‰, and the natural growth rate was -0.05‰. Over the year, 260,000 new urban jobs were created. The average surveyed urban unemployment rate for the year was 4.7%, well within the annual target. ^[167]

End of 2023

By the end of 2023, Beijing's permanent population was 21.858 million, an increase of 15,000 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population was 19.198 million, accounting for 87.8% of the permanent population; The permanent migrant population was 8.240 million, accounting for 37.7% of the permanent population. The birth rate of permanent residents is 5.63‰, the death rate is 6.13‰, and the natural growth rate is -0.5‰. Over the year, 281,000 new urban jobs were created, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate was 4.4 percent. ^[214]

Change of permanent resident population in Beijing (2018 ~2022)

Reference source ^[12] ^[83] ^[167] ^[182-183]

Ethnic composition

In the permanent population of Beijing, the Han population is 20,845,166, accounting for 95.2%; The population of ethnic minorities was 1,047,929, accounting for 4.8%. Compared with the sixth national census in 2010, the Han population increased by 2,034,012 people, an increase of 10.8%, an average annual increase of 1%; The population of all ethnic minorities increased by 246,715 people, an increase of 30.8 percent, or an average annual increase of 2.7 percent. ^[86]

According to the sixth census in 2010, the population of ethnic minorities in Beijing is 801,000, accounting for 4.1 percent of the city's permanent population. Among them, there are 21 ethnic minorities with more than 1,000 people, Manchu , The Hui nationality , The Mongolian nationality , The Korean nationality , Tujia , The Zhuang nationality , The Miao nationality Seven ethnic groups have a population of more than 10,000.

The districts with the largest minority populations are Chaoyang District (140,000) and Haidian District (135,000), while the districts with the highest proportion of minority populations are Huairou District (8.5%) and Miyun District (7.5%). ^[210]

Cause for the aged

The average life expectancy of registered residents in Beijing

On September 6, 2021, the Beijing Association for Aging officially released the "Beijing Aging Development Report (2020)". In 2020, the average life expectancy of registered residents in Beijing is 82.43 years old, and the number of centenarians in Beijing has reached 1,438.

From 2016 to 2020, the number of elderly people aged 80 and above with household registration has increased year by year, rising from 595,000 to 633,000, an increase of 38,000. From 2016 to 2020, the number of centenarians increased year by year, from 751 to 1,438, an increase of 687; Among them, the total number of female centenarians is higher than that of men, and it is increasing year by year. In 2020, the average life expectancy of Beijing residents is 82.43 years old. ^[97]

political

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EDITOR

Current Leader (as of April 2024)
Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China	secretary	Yin Li
	Deputy secretary	Yin Yong , Liu Wei
	Standing committee member	You Jun , Chen Jian , Shigeru Natabayashi , Fu culture , Yang Jinbo , Jin Wei , Sun Junmin , Zhao Lei , Yu Yingjie
	Secretary general	Zhao Lei
Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress	DIRECTOR	Li Xiuling
	Deputy director	Qi Jing , Zhang Jiandong , Pang Lijuan , Yan Aoshuang , Hou Junshu , Yu Jun
	Member of the leading Party group	Li Yingjin
	Secretary general	Wang Jianzhong
Beijing Municipal People's Government	mayor	Yin Yong
	Deputy mayor	Shigeru Natabayashi , Qi Yan's Legion , Jin Wei , Tan Xuxiang , Ma Jun , Sima Hong , Mu Peng
	Member of the leading Party group	Sui Zhenjiang
	Secretary general	Mu Peng
Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference	chairman	Wei Xiaodong
	chairman	Wei Xiaodong
	vice-chairman	Cui Shuqiang , Zhang Jiaming , Lu Yan , Wang Hong , Lin Fusheng , Liu Zhongfan , Chen Jun , Yanying , Wang Jinnan
	Member of the leading Party group	Han Zirong
	Secretary general	Han Yu
Reference materials: ^[11] ^[117] ^[128-130] ^[144-145] ^[151] ^[157-159] ^[161] ^[181] ^[192] ^[203-205] ^[207] ^[211] ^[216-217]

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

In 2023, the regional GDP of Beijing will reach 4,376.07 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year at constant prices. The value added of the primary industry was 10.55 billion yuan, down 4.6%; The added value of the secondary industry was 652.56 billion yuan, up by 0.4%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 3,712.96 billion yuan, up by 6.1%. The composition of the three industries is 0.2:14.9:84.8. According to the resident population, the per capita GDP of the city is 200000 yuan. ^[214]

In 2023, the overall consumer price in Beijing will rise by 0.4 percent over the previous year. Producer prices fell 0.8 percent, and producer purchase prices fell 1.3 percent. Producer prices for agricultural products fell 0.3 percent. In December, the month-on-month index of the sales price of new commercial housing was 100.0, and the year-on-year index was 101.7. The month-on-month index of second-hand housing sales price was 98.8, and the year-on-year index was 97.8. ^[214]

2023, Beijing Revenue in the general public budget reached 618.11 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year. Of this total, the tax revenue was 535.71 billion yuan, up by 10.1%. The city's general public budget expenditure reached 797.16 billion yuan, an increase of 6.7% over the previous year. A total of 97.17 billion yuan of tax and fee reductions and tax rebate delays were added throughout the year.

In 2023, the added value of the digital economy in Beijing will reach 1,876.67 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5 percent over the previous year at current prices, and accounting for 42.9 percent of the GDP, an increase of 1.3 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the core industries of the digital economy was 1.106.15 billion yuan, up 10.8%, accounting for 25.3% of the regional GDP, an increase of 1.3 percentage points. For the year, the added value of high-tech industries reached 11,187.54 billion yuan, up by 7.1% at current prices, and accounting for 27.1% of the GDP, an increase of 0.4 percentage points. There were 123,000 new science and technology enterprises established in the year, an increase of 15.9%, accounting for 41.4% of the city's new enterprises. ^[214-215]

Change of Beijing's gross regional product (2018 ~2022)

Reference source ^[12] ^[167] ^[182-184]

Primary industry

In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the city will reach 25.25 billion yuan, which is 4.6% lower than that of the previous year according to comparable prices. Among them, the output value of agriculture (planting industry) reached 13.56 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%, the grain sown area was 1.342 million mu, and the output was 478,000 tons, an increase of 16.6% and 5.3%, respectively. The planting area of vegetables and edible fungi was 795,000 mu, basically the same as the previous year, and the output was 2.0775 million tons, an increase of 4.3%; Affected by the completion of a new round of afforestation and greening projects of one million mu in 2022 and a high base, the forestry output value was 6.59 billion yuan, down 20.6%. The city's leisure agriculture and rural tourism received 22.101 million tourists, an increase of 23.6% over the previous year, and achieved a revenue of 3.62 billion yuan, an increase of 12.7%. ^[209]

In 2022, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Beijing will reach 26.82 billion yuan, down 2.0 percent from the previous year at comparable prices. Specifically, the output value of agriculture (crop planting) was 12.98 billion yuan, up by 2.3%; The output value of forestry was 8.65 billion yuan, up by 1.4%. The area sown with grain crops was 77,000 hectares, up 26.0 percent, and the total grain output was 454,000 tons, up 20.1 percent. The output of vegetables and edible fungi was 1.989 million tons, an increase of 20.1%; At the end of the year, the number of live pigs was 368,000, down 37.7%, and the number of live pigs was 322,000, up 4.3%. The sown area of facility agriculture reached 487,000 mu and the output value reached 5.98 billion yuan, up 4.3% and 3.3% respectively. There were 1,027 agricultural sightseeing parks, with a total revenue of 1.84 billion yuan. 7,105 rural tourism reception units (rural households) actually operated, with a total income of 1.37 billion yuan. ^[167]

Beijing CBD

Secondary industry

industry

In 2023, the industrial added value of Beijing will reach 500.85 billion yuan, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year at constant prices. Among them, the value added of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 0.4%. Among the industries above designated size, the power and heat production and supply industry increased by 7.9 percent, the five major equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.6 percent, the automobile manufacturing industry increased by 5.2 percent, the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry decreased by 0.9 percent, and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry decreased by 21.7 percent (excluding the COVID-19 vaccine production factor decreased by 4.3 percent). The sales output value of industries above designated size reached 2311.36 billion yuan, up by 2.9%. Of this total, the value of domestic sales was 2,134.27 billion yuan, up by 3.4%; The value of export delivery was 177.09 billion yuan, down 2.5%. In the production of high-end or emerging areas, the output of wind turbines, liquid crystal display modules, new energy vehicles, medical instruments and equipment increased by 68.8%, 39.2%, 35.6% and 26.7%, respectively. ^[214-215]

In 2023, the operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size in Beijing reached 2,780.79 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year; The total profit was 169.23 billion yuan, down 12.9%. The profit margin of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6.09%, down 1.15 percentage points over the previous year.

Building industry

In 2023, the total output value of the construction industry in Beijing was 1.427.25 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0 percent over the previous year. Among them, 395.11 billion yuan was achieved in Shanghai, up by 4.3%; In other provinces, 1,032.14 billion yuan was achieved, an increase of 3.9%. The value of newly signed contracts this year was 2009.92 billion yuan, down 0.6%. ^[215]

Tertiary industry

In 2023, the city's tertiary industry added value calculated at constant prices, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the financial industry reached 866.31 billion yuan, up by 6.7%; The value added of information transmission, software and information technology services was 851.44 billion yuan, up by 13.5%; Contact industries recovered significantly, with the added value of the transportation, warehousing and postal industries reaching 106.53 billion yuan, up by 20.3 percent. The added value of the accommodation and catering industry reached 45.31 billion yuan, up by 21.1%. ^[209]

Post and telecommunication

In 2022, the total business volume of the postal industry in Beijing was 28.14 billion yuan, which was 0.5 percent lower than the previous year based on comparable prices. The postal industry handled 110 million postal letters and 1.96 billion express deliveries. The total volume of telecommunications business completed in the year was 55.86 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6% based on comparable prices. ^[167]

In 2023, the total business volume of the postal industry in Beijing was [8] 32.43 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year. The postal industry handled 110 million postal letters and 2.27 billion express deliveries, up 16.1 percent. The total volume of telecommunications business completed in the year [9] was 63.68 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2% based on comparable prices. At the end of the year, the number of mobile phone base stations was 329,000, of which 4G base stations were 163,000 and 5G base stations were 107,000, an increase of 31,000 over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 40.211 million mobile phone users, of which 19.865 million were 5G users, accounting for 49.4% of mobile phone users. The mobile phone penetration rate is 184 households per 100 people. By the end of the year, the number of fixed broadband Internet users reached 9.334 million, an increase of 6.4%, of which 2.287 million were gigabit users; Mobile Internet access traffic was 6.61 billion GB, up 13.0%. ^[213]

finance

By the end of 2022, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits in financial institutions (including foreign capital) in Beijing was 21,862.8 billion yuan, an increase of 1,899.2 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions (including foreign capital) in the city was 9,781.99 billion yuan, an increase of 878.69 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. ^[167]

In 2022, Beijing's securities trading volume reached 184.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.5 percent over the previous year. At the end of the year, the Beijing Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the Beijing Stock Exchange) had 162 listed companies, an increase of 80 over the previous year; Total capital of 21.35 billion shares, up 70.1%; The companies listed on the Beijing Stock Exchange issued 1.80 billion shares (of which 1.75 billion were publicly issued), an increase of 1.2 times; The amount of financing reached 16.7 billion yuan (of which 16.38 billion yuan was issued by the public), an increase of 1.2 times. ^[167]

By the end of 2022, Beijing's original insurance premium income reached 275.85 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year. The expenditure on insurance claims for the year was 77.60 billion yuan, down 7.5%. ^[167]

By the end of 2023, the balance of deposits in local and foreign currencies of financial institutions (including foreign capital) in Beijing was 24.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.7% over the end of the previous year, of which the balance of RMB deposits was 24.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.2%. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions (including foreign capital) in the city was 11.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.0% over the end of the previous year, of which the balance of RMB loans was 10.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.4%; Outstanding RMB household consumer loans reached 2.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.3%. The balance of inclusive small and micro loans to financial institutions was 957.57 billion yuan, an increase of 23.0% over the end of the previous year.

The turnover of securities in the year was 211.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.5 percent over the previous year. Among them, the transaction volume of bonds was 162.0 trillion yuan, up by 18.0 percent; Stock turnover was 39.2 trillion yuan, down 2.4 percent; Fund turnover reached 10.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 44.0%. At the end of the year, the number of listed companies on the Beijing Stock Exchange was 239, with 77 new companies added during the year. Total market value increased to 449.64 billion yuan; The total value of stock transactions in the year was 727.22 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7 times over the previous year; The Beijing 50 component Index gained 14.9% for the whole year.

The original insurance premium income for the year was 32.47 billion yuan, an increase of 16.2 percent over the previous year. Among them, the premium income of property insurance and life insurance was 51.79 billion yuan and 268.68 billion yuan, up 8.1% and 17.9%, respectively. Insurance payments of all kinds amounted to 87.84 billion yuan, up 13.2%. Among them, property insurance and life insurance claims were 34.52 billion yuan and 53.32 billion yuan, up 23.2% and 7.5%, respectively. ^[213]

tourism

In 2023, Beijing received 329 million tourists, an increase of 80.2 percent over the previous year. Total tourism revenue reached 584.97 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3 times. Among them, 327 million domestic tourists were received, an increase of 79.8%, and the total revenue of domestic tourism was 573.12 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3 times; China received 1.168 million inbound tourists, up 3.8 times, and earned 1.66 billion US dollars in foreign exchange from international tourism, up 2.8 times. Travel agencies organized a total of 363,000 outbound trips. ^[215]

Market consumption

In 2023, Beijing's total market consumption increased by 10.2% over the previous year. Among them, the consumption of services increased by 14.6 percent; Total retail sales of consumer goods reached 1.446.27 trillion yuan, up 4.8%. Of the total retail sales of consumer goods, the online retail sales of the wholesale and retail industries above designated size and the accommodation and catering industries reached 548.52 billion yuan, down 2.7 percent. In the wholesale and retail trade above designated size, the retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry, sports and entertainment goods, clothing, shoes, hats and textiles increased by 35.0%, 29.8% and 23.4%, respectively. The retail sales of automobile goods increased by 13.5%, of which new-energy vehicles increased by 38.0%. ^[214]

Investment in fixed assets

In 2023, Beijing's fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) increased by 4.9% over the previous year. Infrastructure investment grew by 0.9%. By industry, investment in the primary industry fell by 45.7%; Investment in the secondary industry fell 1.1 percent, with manufacturing down 1.6 percent. Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 6.0%, among which, investment in information transmission, software and information technology services, culture, sports and entertainment, transportation, warehousing and postal services increased by 47.1%, 11.4% and 10.1%, respectively. Investment in high-tech industries grew by 16.2%, of which investment in high-tech services grew by 36.1%. ^[214]

Real estate industry

In 2023, the investment in real estate development in Beijing increased by 0.4% over the previous year. Among them, residential investment increased by 1.7%, office investment increased by 19.5%, and commercial business occupancy investment decreased by 19.9%. The construction area of houses in the city was 125.313 million square meters, down by 6.0% over the previous year. Among them, the newly started area of 12.571 million square meters this year, down 29.2%. The total area of completed houses reached 20.422 million square meters, an increase of 5.4%.

Foreign economy

In 2023, the total import and export value of Beijing was 3,646.63 billion yuan, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year. Of this total, imports reached 3,046.63 billion yuan, unchanged from the previous year; Exports were 60.01 billion yuan, up by 2.0%. The total import and export value of the Beijing region and the countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" is 1,922.20 billion yuan, accounting for 52.7% of the total import and export value of the region.

In 2023, 1,729 new foreign-funded enterprises were established in Beijing, an increase of 22.8 percent over the previous year. Actual utilized foreign direct investment was US $13.71 billion, down 21.2%. Of this total, $5.81 billion was spent on scientific research and technical services, accounting for 42.4 percent; Information transmission, software and information technology services USD 3.25 billion, accounting for 23.7%; Leasing and business services accounted for $2.30 billion, or 16.8%. ^[214-215]

Software and information services

In the first half of 2022, Beijing's software and information service industry achieved a value added of 383.20 billion yuan, surpassing the financial industry for the first time, ranking first in Beijing's growth rate and proportion, and its dominant position has been continuously strengthened. ^[135]

Digital economy

In 2021, Beijing issued the "Beijing Implementation Plan on Accelerating the Construction of a Global Digital Economy Benchmark City", proposing that Beijing will become a global digital economy benchmark city by 2030.

On July 30, 2022, The outcome conference of the 2022 Global Digital Economy Conference was held at the National Convention Center. At the meeting, the "Beijing Digital Economy Development Report (2021-2022) - Building a Global Benchmark City for Digital Economy" was officially released. This is the first time for Beijing to display the results and achievements of digital economy development in the form of a blue book. In 2021, the added value of Beijing's digital economy reached 1,625.19 billion yuan, accounting for 40.4% of GDP, ranking first in the country, and the core industry of digital economy achieved 891.81 billion yuan of added value, accounting for 54.87% of the digital economy. In the past three years, the number of newly established enterprises in the core industries of the digital economy has increased by 10,000 annually, and there are more than 8,000 enterprises above the scale of the core industries of the digital economy in Beijing, accounting for 19% of the number of enterprises above the scale in Beijing. The number of large enterprises in the digital economy is increasing year by year, and the number of enterprises with revenue of 100 billion will increase from 2 in 2018 to 5 in 2021. The number of 10 billion enterprises increased from 39 in 2018 to 58 in 2021. ^[134]

According to the Digital China Development Report (2021), Beijing ranks first in the country in terms of comprehensive digital development Second. ^[138]

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Educational cause

Beijing is one of the most developed areas of education in the country, and is the center of higher education institutions in the country, gathering the largest number of key universities in the country.

In 2022, Beijing will enroll 146,000 graduate students, 435,000 graduate students and 114,000 graduates. Regular institutions of higher learning enroll 166,000 students, 603,000 students and 154,000 graduates. The city's adult college enrollment of 30,000 people, 78,000 students, 39,000 graduates. ^[167]

In 2022, Beijing's regular high schools will enroll 75,000 students, with 199,000 students and 50,000 graduates. Regular junior high schools enrolled 121,000 students, 356,000 students, and 104,000 graduates. Regular primary schools enrolled 190,000 students, with 1,084,000 students and 133,000 graduates. There were 179,000 children enrolled in kindergartens and 574,000 in kindergartens. All kinds of secondary vocational education (excluding technical schools) enrollment of 20,000 people, 55,000 students, 13,000 graduates. Special education enrolled 1,110 students, 7,722 students, and 1,666 graduates. ^[167]

In 2022, Beijing will have 15 private colleges and universities with 54,000 students. There are 124 private secondary education schools with 26,000 students. There are 41 private primary schools with 38,000 students. There are 1,037 private kindergartens with 245,000 children in them. ^[167]

In 2023, Beijing will enroll 152,000 graduate students, 455,000 graduate students and 121,000 graduates. Regular institutions of higher learning enroll 176,000 students, 618,000 students and 154,000 graduates. The city's adult college enrollment of 30,000 people, 76,000 students, 30,000 graduates. Secondary vocational education (excluding technical schools) enrolled 21,000 students, with 59,000 students and 16,000 graduates. Regular high schools have an enrollment of 80,000, with 217,000 students and 59,000 graduates. Regular junior high schools enrolled 135,000 students, 371,000 students and 110,000 graduates. Regular primary schools enrolled 235,000 students, with 1.162 million students and 146,000 graduates. Special education enrollment of 1296 students, 7825 students, 1788 graduates. There are 164,000 children enrolled in kindergartens and 515,000 children in kindergartens. There were 15 private colleges and universities with 57,000 students. There are 125 private secondary education schools (excluding technical schools) with 29,000 students. There are 38 private primary schools with 38,000 students. There are 1,045 private kindergartens, with 213,000 children in them. ^[213]

Main primary schools (18)
Beijing first experimental primary School	Shi Jia primary	Beijing Chongwen Primary School
Zhongguancun First Primary School, Haidian District, Beijing	Zhongguancun Second Primary School, Haidian District, Beijing	Zhongguancun Third Primary School, Haidian District, Beijing
Beijing Dongcheng district Fuxue Hutong primary school	Erligou Central Primary School	Beijing Second Experimental primary School
Renmin University of China affiliated primary School	Beijing Normal University experimental primary school	Beijing primary school
Beijing Yucai School (Primary School)	Beijing Yumin Primary School	Dengshikou Primary School, Dongcheng District, Beijing
Baiyun Road Branch of Beijing Second Experimental Primary School ^[90]	Qinglongqiao Primary School, Xicheng District, Beijing	Beijing Cuiwei Primary School

Main secondary schools (21)
High school affiliated to Renmin University of China	Beijing No. 4 Middle School	Experimental High school affiliated to Beijing Normal University
Beijing No.2 High School	Beijing No. 5 Middle School	Beijing No. 8 Middle School
Beijing Xicheng District Experimental School	High School affiliated to Peking University	High School affiliated to Tsinghua University
Beijing No. 80 Middle School	High school affiliated to Beijing Normal University	The Second High School affiliated to Beijing Normal University
Beijing Huiwen Middle School	Luhe Middle School, Tongzhou District, Beijing	Beijing No. 11 School
Beijing Chenjinglun Middle School	Beijing 101 Middle School	Beijing Bayi Middle School
High school affiliated to Capital Normal University	Beijing 161 Middle School	Beijing 12th Middle School

Tsinghua University

Peking University

Renmin University of China

Capital Normal University

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Beijing University of Technology

Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities
School name	Competent department	remark
Peking University	Ministry of Education	Double first-class
Renmin University of China
Tsinghua University
Beijing Jiaotong University		Double first-class
University of Science and Technology Beijing
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
China Agricultural University		Double first-class
Beijing Forestry University		Double first-class
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine		Double first-class
Beijing Normal University		Double first-class
Beijing Foreign Studies University		Double first-class
Beijing Language and Culture University		~
Communication University of China		Double first-class
Central University of Finance and Economics
University of International Business and Economics
School of International Relations		~
Central Conservatory of Music		Double first-class
Central Academy of Fine Arts
Central Academy of Drama
China University of Political Science and Law
North China Electric Power University
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics	Ministry of Industry and Information Technology	Double first-class
Beijing Institute of Technology	Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Minzu University of China	State Ethnic Affairs Commission
China Foreign Affairs University	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	Double first-class
People's Public Security University of China	Ministry of Public Security
Peking Union Medical College	National Health Commission
Beijing Sport University	State General Administration of Sport
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences	Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences	Chinese Academy of Social Sciences	~
Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology	General Office of the CPC Central Committee	~
China Institute of Labor Relations	All China Federation of Trade Unions	~
China Youth University for Political Science	Central Committee of the Communist Youth League	~
China Women's University	All-China Women's Federation	~
Beijing University of Technology	Beijing	Double first-class
North China University of Technology		~
Beijing Technology and Business University		~
Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology		~
Beijing Institute of Printing and Technology		~
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture		~
Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Engineering		~
Beijing University of Agriculture		~
Capital Medical University		~
Capital Normal University		Double first-class
Capital Institute of Physical Education		~
Beijing International Studies University		~
Beijing Wuzi University		~
Capital University of Economics and Business		~
China Conservatory of Music		Double first-class
National Academy of Chinese Opera		~
Beijing Film Academy		~
Beijing Dance Academy		~
Beijing Information Science and Technology University		~
Beijing Union University		~
Shougang Institute of Technology		~
Beijing Police College		~
Beijing City University	Beijing Municipal Education Commission	civilian-run
Kede College, Capital Normal University
Beijing Institute of Financial Technology ^[218]
Century College, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Gengdan College, Beijing University of Technology
Zhongrui Hotel Management School, Beijing International Studies University
Reference materials: ^[126]

Ordinary college
School name	Competent department	remark
Beijing Polytechnic College	Beijing	National model higher vocational colleges
Beijing College of Information Technology		~
Beijing Electronic Technology Vocational College		National model higher vocational colleges
Beijing North Vocational and Technical College		~
Beijing Vocational and Technical College of Communications		~
Beijing Youth Political College		~
Beijing Agricultural Vocational College		National model higher vocational colleges
Beijing Vocational College of Political Science and Law		~
Beijing Vocational College of Finance and Trade		National model higher vocational colleges
Beijing Opera Art Vocational College		~
Beijing Vocational College of Economics and Management		~
Beijing Vocational College of Labor Security		~
Beijing Vocational College of Social Management		~
Beijing Sports Vocational College		~
Beijing Vocational College of Transportation		~
Beijing Health Vocational College		~
Peking University Founder Software Vocational and technical College	Beijing Education Commission	civilian-run
Beijing Vocational College of Economy and Trade
Beijing Vocational College of Economics and Technology
Beijing Huijia Vocational College
Beijing Science and Technology Management College
Beijing Vocational College of Science and Technology
Beijing Peili Vocational College
Beijing Art and Media Vocational College
Beijing Network vocational College

Adult college
School name	Competent department
Beijing Haidian District Staff University	Beijing
Beijing Dongcheng District workers' amateur University
Beijing Chongwen District staff University
Beijing Xuanwu Hongqi Amateur University
Beijing Shijingshan District amateur University
Chaoyang Community College
Beijing Pharmaceutical Group staff University
Beijing Federation of Trade Unions staff University
Beijing Institute of Education
Beijing Open University
Beijing Fengtai District staff University
Beijing Xicheng University of Economic Sciences
Beijing agricultural, industrial and commercial United Corporation staff university
North China Electric joint workers' University
Capital United Staff University
National Open University (China Central Radio and Television University)	Ministry of Education
Civil Aviation Management Academy of China	Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Public Security Senior Police Academy	Ministry of Public Security
National Academy of Judges	Supreme People's Court
National procurator's Academy	Supreme People's Procuratorate
Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology	General Office of the CPC Central Committee
School of Continuing Education, Central Party School	Party School of the CPC Central Committee
China Journalists Association staff Journalism School	All-China Journalists' Association
Reference materials: ^[140]

Military academy
School name	Competent department
National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army	Central Military Commission
PLA Army Armored Force Academy	The Chinese People's Liberation Army
Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation Academy
Chinese People's Liberation Army Army chemical Defense College
PLA Air Force Command College	People's Liberation Army Air Force
PLA Strategic Support Force Aerospace Engineering University	Chinese People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force
Chinese People's Armed Police Force Special Police Academy	Chinese People's Armed Police Force

Science and technology

Beijing is the country's largest science and technology research base Chinese Academy of Sciences Such scientific research institutions and Beijing, known as China's Silicon Valley Zhongguancun Science Park Each year, the results awarded by the state account for one-third of the country. Since 1998, Beijing International Week of High-tech Industry, a large-scale international event with the theme of high-tech industry, has been successfully held every year. ^[13]

On November 17, 2022, it was determined by the State Intellectual Property Office as Pilot places to carry out data intellectual property work, The pilot will run from November 2022 to December 2023 . ^[148]

In 2022, 203,000 patents were granted in Beijing, an increase of 2.0% over the previous year. Among them, 88,000 invention patents were granted, an increase of 11.3%. By the end of the year, there were 478,000 valid invention patents, an increase of 18.0%. The number of PCT international patent applications was 11,463, an increase of 10.7%. The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people was 112.0, an increase of 17.8 over the previous year. A total of 95,061 technology contracts were approved and registered, an increase of 1.6%; The turnover of technology contracts was 794.75 billion yuan, up by 13.4 percent. ^[167] In 2022, Beijing ranked among the top three international science and technology innovation centers in the world for the first time, with a comprehensive score of 80.39. ^[174-175]

By the end of 2023, there are 77 national key laboratories in Beijing, accounting for 28.1% of the country. The National Guiding Fund for Transforming Scientific and Technological Achievements has set up four sub-funds with a total fund size of 6.44 billion yuan. By the end of the year, there were 71 state-level science and technology business incubators and 145 state-registered maker Spaces in the city. During the year, 10,800 new national high-tech enterprises were identified, and 28,300 national high-tech enterprises were in effect in total. As of the end of the year, a total of 7,180 municipal "specialized and special new" enterprises were identified, of which 795 were national-level specialized and special new "little giant" enterprises. At the end of the year, there were 114 unicorns with a total market valuation of $521.5 billion.

In the year, 108,000 invention patents were granted, an increase of 22.4% over the previous year. By the end of the year, there were 574,000 valid invention patents, an increase of 20.2%. The number of PCT international patent applications was 11,438. The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people was 136.95, an increase of 24.97. A total of 106,552 technology contracts were identified and registered, an increase of 12.1%. The turnover of technology contracts was 853.69 billion yuan, up by 7.4%; There were 6,758 technology contracts from Beijing to Tianjin-Hebei, an increase of 14.9 percent, with a turnover of 74.87 billion yuan, an increase of 1.1 times. The super-large-scale intelligent model "Wudao 3.0" has made breakthroughs in language and visual multi-modes, and emerged a new generation of quantum computing cloud platform "Kuafu", a new generation of 256 nuclear blockchain dedicated acceleration chip, the first fully equipped generalist intelligent agent "Leo" proficient in 3D tasks, and the world's first successful orbit flight liquid oxygen methane rocket "Zhuque 2". ^[213]

Medical and health care

Union Medical College Hospital

By the end of 2023, there were 12,518 medical and health institutions in Beijing, 307 more than at the end of the previous year. Of these, there are 765 hospitals. There were 139,000 beds in medical and health institutions, an increase of 5,000. Among them, there are 131,000 hospital beds. 343,000 health technicians. Among them, 134,000 were practicing (assistant) physicians and 153,000 were registered nurses. The total number of visits to medical institutions was 298.881 million. ^[214]

Cultural undertaking

CCTV new site

By the end of 2023, Beijing had 20 public libraries (including the National Library), with a total circulation of 18.825 million people. There are 18 national archives with a collection of 11.688 million paper files; 226 museums are on record, 107 of which are open for free; There are 18 cultural centers and 339 cultural stations. The total number of newspapers and periodicals registered in Beijing is 3,516, with 223 publishing houses and 11,007 publishing units. During the year, 6,322 publications were imported and 1.101 million Copyrights were registered. At the end of the year, there were 6.14 million cable TV subscribers, including 3.25 million high-definition TV subscribers and 2.13 million ultra-high-definition (4K) subscribers. It produced 28 TV dramas of 872 episodes, 157 documentaries, 39 online dramas, 60 online movies, 102 online mini-dramas and 38 online cartoons. In the year, 144 films were produced, 309 theaters in 30 theaters, and 3.38 million films were shown, with 50.409 million viewers and a box office revenue of 2.77 billion yuan. A total of 49,524 performances were held in 339 performance venues, an increase of 1.4 times over the previous year; The number of visitors was 11.385 million, a two-fold increase; The performance revenue totaled 2.30 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7 times. The city's cultural and related industrial legal entities above designated size achieved a total income of 2,063.83 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year. ^[214-215]

Beijing is the "capital of museums", with 151 registered museums. National Museum of China It is the largest museum in the world. The Palace Museum is one of the top five museums in the world.

Beijing has the third largest library in the world and the first in Asia: National Library of China Beijing Library, formerly known as Beijing Library, was founded in 1909 Library of the capital . Peking University Library , Documentation and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences It is also one of the largest libraries in Asia.

On August 7, 2022, The 2022 Beijing Dialogue on the Protection of Historic and Cultural Cities will be held outside the Central Axis North Gate. ^[137]

In August 2022, the Beijing Great Wall Cultural Festival 2022, "The City of the Twin Olympics and the Great Wall of the Covenant", opened. ^[139]

On September 1, 2022, the 13th China Art Festival with the theme of "Welcoming the 20 Major New Journey Forward" will be held Opened in Beijing. ^[133]

Major cultural venues
China Millennium Monument	Beijing Planetarium	China Science and Technology Museum	Natural history museum
Capital Museum	China National Art Museum	Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall	Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution
China Aviation Museum	National Museum of China	The Palace Museum in Beijing	National Grand Theatre

Capital Museum

In 2022, the added value of the city's cultural and related industries will reach 470.03 billion yuan, accounting for 11.3% of GDP, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year; Calculated at current prices, it was an increase of 4.2% over the previous year and 1.5 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the added value of the national cultural industry. In the same period, the added value of China's cultural industry was 5,378.2 billion yuan, accounting for 4.46% of GDP; The added value of Beijing's cultural industry accounted for 8.7 percent of the country's total, 0.1 percentage points higher than the previous year.

In 2022, the added value of cultural manufacturing, cultural wholesale and retail, and cultural services will be 10.85 billion yuan, 24.66 billion yuan and 434.52 billion yuan respectively, accounting for 2.3%, 5.2% and 92.4% of the added value of the cultural industry. Compared with 2021, the proportion of cultural services increased by 0.6 percentage points.

In 2022, the added value of the city's core cultural fields will reach 417.6 billion yuan, accounting for 88.9% of the added value of the cultural industry; The added value of culture-related fields was 52.40 billion yuan, accounting for 11.1%. Compared with 2021, the proportion of core areas of culture increased by 1.2 percentage points. ^[212]

Sports cause

Beijing has held the first, second, third, fourth and seventh National games , 1990 Asian Games in Beijing The 21st World University Games , 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games , 2014 FINA Synchronized Swimming Grand Prix , 2022 The 24th Winter Olympic Games . In 2009, there were 6,149 sports venues in Beijing. Beijing successfully hosted the Summer and Winter Olympics, becoming the world's first "city of Dual Olympics". It has become the Olympic cultural communication center platform. ^[127]

National Stadium (Bird's Nest)

Main sports venues in Beijing: National stadium (Bird's nest) National aquatics center (Water Cube), Beijing Workers' stadium , Wukesong Gymnasium , National Tennis Centre , Beijing Olympic Water Park , Capital Stadium , Beijing University gymnasium , Beijing National Olympic Center Gymnasium , Beijing Shooting hall , Fengtai softball Field , Yuetan Gymnasium .

In 2023, Beijing athletes won 58 MEDALS in international competitions, including 34 gold MEDALS, 12 silver MEDALS and 12 bronze MEDALS. He won 180 MEDALS in national competitions, including 62 gold MEDALS, 56 silver MEDALS and 62 bronze MEDALS. Beijing disabled athletes won 87 MEDALS in international competitions, including 36 gold MEDALS, 30 silver MEDALS and 21 bronze MEDALS. He won 16 MEDALS in national competitions, including 5 gold MEDALS, 5 silver MEDALS and 6 bronze MEDALS. ^[214]

People's livelihood

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing will create a national demonstration zone for common prosperity. Beijing will adhere to the direction of common prosperity, increase the income of middle and low income groups, and strive to achieve a net increase of 1 million middle income groups, "on the road to common prosperity, no one can be left behind." ^[14]

In 2023, the per capita disposable income of Beijing residents will be 81,752 yuan, an increase of 5.6 percent over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.2 percent after deducting price factors. In terms of the four income components, the per capita wage income of residents was 51,632 yuan, up by 8.1 percent; The per capita net operating income was 1,026 yuan, up by 13.6%; Per capita net property income was 12,280 yuan, down 1.1 percent; The net transfer income per capita was 16,814 yuan, up 2.9 percent. Per capita disposable income of urban residents was 88,650 yuan, an increase of 5.5 percent over the previous year; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 37,358 yuan, an increase of 7.5%. The ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents was 2.37, down 0.05 from the previous year.

In 2023, the per capita consumption expenditure of Beijing residents will be 47,586 yuan, an increase of 11.5 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 50,897 yuan, up by 11.6 percent; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 26,277 yuan, an increase of 10.7%. The Engel coefficient of residents in the whole city is 21.3%, of which 20.8% are urban residents and 27.8% are rural residents. ^[214-215]

From June 1, 2023, marriage registration in Beijing will be carried out "across provinces", and it can be done on the spot without returning to the place of origin Reason. ^[177]

Social security

On November 17, 2022, it was identified as the first city (region) for personal pension. Workers who participate in the basic old-age insurance for employees or basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents in the place can participate in personal pension. ^[146]

By the end of 2023, the number of enterprise employees participating in basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance in Beijing was 18.015 million, 14.184 million and 13.639 million, respectively, an increase of 368,000, 270,000 and 269,000 over the previous year. The number of urban workers participating in basic medical care and maternity insurance was 15.047 million and 10.708 million, respectively. At the end of the year, 1.803 million people participated in basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, and 4.015 million people participated in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. At the end of the year, 69,000 people in the city enjoyed the minimum living allowance for urban residents and 35,000 people enjoyed the minimum living allowance for rural residents. ^[214]

Urban construction

On October 31, 2019, Beijing was selected as the first batch 5G commercial use A list of cities. ^[15]

On December 15, 2019, it was ranked among the top 10 Chinese urban brands of the year. ^[16]

On July 4, 2022, it was selected into the list of 2022 urban physical examination sample cities announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development . ^[131]

As of October 2022, Beijing Have been built Five forest trails, The total length is over 100 km. ^[143]

On November 6, 2021, according to the Notice on carrying out the First batch of Urban Renewal Pilot Work recently issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, starting from November 2021, Beijing will carry out the first batch of urban renewal pilot work for a period of 2 years. Focus on exploring the overall planning mechanism of urban renewal, exploring the sustainable model of urban renewal and exploring the establishment of supporting systems and policies for urban renewal. ^[107]

transportation

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railway

Railway line

Beijing is one of the centers of China's railway network, and there are mainly domestic lines Beijing-kowloon Railway , Beijing-shanghai Railway , Beijing-guangzhou Railway , Beijing-harbin Railway , Beijing-bao railway , Keihara Railway , Beijing-nantong railway , Beijing-chengcheng railway and Beijing-shanghai high-speed railway , Beijing-guangzhou high-speed rail , Beijing-harbin high-speed railway , Beijing-tianjin intercity Railway Etc.

In terms of international rail transport, through the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Manzhouli City Travel to Russian cities and cities Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erenhot City Leave for Mongolia capital Ulaanbaatar And the capital of Korea Pyongyang And to the capital of Vietnam Hanoi (capital of Vietnam) All trains depart from Beijing.

Main station

Beijing has planned eight national railway passenger hubs, seven of which have been put into use. ^[170]

Station name	position	Station construction time	remark
Beijing Railway Station	Dongcheng district east gate west	The year 1959	National railway passenger transport important hub
Beijing South Railway Station	Yongwai Street, Fengtai District	The year 2008	An important station on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway
Beijing West Railway Station	Lianhua Chi East Road, Fengtai District	The year 1996	National passenger transport hub
Beijing North Railway Station	Xizhimen, Xicheng District	In 1905, the current station building was opened in 2009	The starting point of the Beijing-Zhang high-speed railway
Beijing Fengtai Railway Station	Wanhua Street, Fengtai District	June 20, 2022	National passenger transport hub
Beijing Chaoyang Railway Station	North Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District	January 22, 2021	National passenger transport hub
Qinghe Railway Station	Qinghe Street, Haidian District	December 30, 2019	National passenger transport hub
Beijing City sub-central Station	Tongzhou district Yangtuo area	December 2024 (estimated)	Beijing-tianjin-tang passenger transport hub
Beijing East Railway Station	No.7 Baiziwan Road, Chaoyang District	1938	An important part of Beijing railway hub
Beijing Daxing Railway Station	Honghe North Road, Huangcun Town, Daxing District	September 26, 2019	An important railway bridge between Beijing and Xiongan New Area
Reference materials: ^[170]

Beijing West Railway Station

aviation

There are two major airports in Beijing, namely Beijing Capital International Airport And Pekin Daxing International Airport .

Beijing Capital International Airport It's one of the largest airports in the world. Yes Air China Limited Air China's main operations center is located in Beijing Shunyi District Administrative branch Chaoyang District It is 20 km from the center of Beijing. Passenger throughput reached 81.929 million in 2012, second only to the United States Hartsfield ~ Jackson Atlanta International Airport It ranks second in the world. The Capital Airport and Beijing section are from Beijing Capital Airport Expressway, The second expressway of Capital Airport and Beijing Metro Capital Airport Line Connect.

Beijing Capital International Airport, Terminal 3

Beijing Daxing International Airport Located in Beijing Daxing District and Hebei Province Langfang City Guangyang District It was officially opened to traffic on 25 September 2019. In 2021, Beijing Daxing International Airport will handle 2,505,101,012 passengers and 1,859,42.7 tons of cargo. ^[163]

Beijing Daxing International Airport

There are also five airports in Beijing: Beijing Nanyuan Airport (closed), ^[88] Peking Liangxiang Airport , Beijing Xijiao Airport , Beijing Shahe Airport , ^[17] ^[88] Peking Badaling Airport . ^[89]

City traffic

City road

The urban roads in the old city of Beijing (within the Second Ring Road) are a checkerboard pattern, horizontal and vertical. There are east-west roads Chang 'an Avenue ( Revival Gate to Jianguomen ), Ping An Street ( Article 40 of the East Be split to Che Gong Zhuang ), Guang 'an Street ( Gate of broad Peace to Guangqumen ). The north-south direction of the road has a central axis from Jade Dragon Bridge to Yonghe Lama Temple The east line and Kaiyang Bridge to Jishui pool West of the bridge. eastbound Fangzhuang , Red Bridge, Chongwenmen , Dongdan County , A surname , Beixin Bridge The Lama Temple; Pass by the western front Caishikou , Xuanwumen , Xidan County , Nishikatsu Xinjiekou. because Tian 'anmen Square and The Forbidden City The reason is that the central axis of Beijing is divided into the north central axis and the south central axis. North central axis from Dian gate To the north, by drum-tower , Beichen road , reach National Olympic Sports Center ; The south center axis runs south from the front door overbridge , Yongding Gate Up to three Ying gate. The south central axis coincides with State Route 104.

By the end of 2023, Beijing's highway mileage was 22,433.2 kilometers, an increase of 70.4 kilometers over the end of the previous year. Among them, the length of expressways is 1211.1 kilometers, an increase of 14.8 kilometers. By the end of the year, urban road mileage was 6,256 kilometers, an increase of 47 kilometers over the end of the previous year.

By the end of 2023, Beijing had 1,285 public tram lines in operation, 6 fewer than at the end of the previous year; The length of lines in operation is 29,738.5 kilometers, a decrease of 435.4 kilometers; 23,385 vehicles in operation, a decrease of 80; The total number of passenger trips was 2.09 billion, an increase of 20.9%. At the end of the year, there were 27 rail transit lines in operation, the same as that at the end of the previous year; The operating line length is 836 kilometers, an increase of 38.7 kilometers; 7,512 vehicles in operation, an increase of 238; The total number of passenger trips was 3.45 billion, up 52.6 percent. ^[214-215]

taxi

In 2013, taxis transported 1.9 million passengers per day in Beijing, accounting for 6.6 percent of the total trips, and the mileage utilization rate was about 68 percent. ^[18] Since June 10, 2013, the price standard of taxi in Beijing has been adjusted, and the new price of taxi is 13 yuan within 3 kilometers, and the basic unit price is 2.3 yuan per kilometer. Fuel surcharge $1 per shipment. Low speed driving and waiting fee every 5 minutes during the morning and evening peak period, 2km is charged (excluding empty driving fee), and other times, 1km is charged (excluding empty driving fee). The booking service fee is RMB 6 per booking more than 4 hours in advance and RMB 5 per booking less than 4 hours in advance. One-way passenger travel more than 15 kilometers part of the empty charge, the basic unit price of 50% additional fees. ^{18 [19]}

License plate

Jing A (before 1996); Jing B (taxi); Beijing C (1996); Jing E (1997); Jing F (2002); Beijing G (suburban household registration vehicle); Jing H (2003); Jing J (2005); Jing K (2006); Jing L (2007); Jing M (2008); Jing N (2008); Jing O (Public Security); Jing P (2008); Beijing Y (suburban household registration car); Beijing V (Troops directly under the Central Government); Jing Q (2012).

rail traffic

Subject article: Beijing subway

The Beijing Subway was built on July 1, 1965, and the first subway line was opened to traffic on October 1, 1969, making Beijing the first city in China to have a subway. ^[20] On December 28, 2014, the new fare plan was implemented, with a base price of 3 yuan, and a 4-hour time limit was set during the ride.

Subway line map of Beijing, Feb 4, 2023

Note: The opening date only indicates the opening date of the first section, please visit the line entry for details.

Beijing subway
line	Total length (km)	Originating station	Number of stations	Opening date	remark
Beijing Metro Line 1	31.04	Apple orchard station to Sihui East Railway Station	23	1969 ration	China's first subway, the whole line (has been merged with the Batong Line ^[152] )
Beijing Metro Line 2	23.1	Xizhimen Station to Xizhimen Station	18	1971.1.15	Circle Line subway, all lines
Beijing Metro Line 4	27.8	Anheqiao North Railway Station to Gongyi West Bridge Station	24	2009.9.28	All lines have been merged with Daxing Lines ^[164] )
Beijing Metro Line 5	27.6	Tiantongyuan North Railway Station to Songjiazhuang Station	23	2007.10.7	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 6	42.8	Jin Anqiao Station to Lucheng Station	26	2012.12.30	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 7	23.7	Beijing West Railway Station to Universal Studios Station	30	2014.12.28	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 8	51.6	Yinghai Railway Station to Zhuxinzhuang Station	38	2008.7.19	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 9	16.5	Guo Gongzhuang Station to National Library station	12	2011.12.31	installment Have a two-stage plan
Beijing Metro Line 10	57.1	Bagou station to Bagou station	45	2008.7.19	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 11	4.2	Mode station to New Shougang Station	3	2021.12.31	Xiduan
Beijing Metro Line 13	40.9	Xizhimen Station to Dongzhimen Station	16	2002.9.28	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 14	50.8	Zhang Guozhuang Station to Shangezhuang Station	35	2013.5.5	The whole line
Beijing Metro Line 15	41.4	Qinghua East Road west Station to Fengbo station	8	2010.12.30	All lines, there are west extension planning
Beijing Metro Line 16	46.2	Elm Village Station to Beian River Station	11	2016.12.31 (North Section) 2022.12.31 (South Section)	The whole line ^[150]
Beijing Metro Line 17	15.8	Jiahui Lake Station to Shilihe Station	7	2021.12.31	Southern section The middle and north sections are under construction
Beijing Metro Line 19	20.9	Shingong Station to Peony Garden Station	6	2021.12.31	installment
Beijing Metro Batong Line	18.964	Sihui Station to Universal Resort Station	15	2003.12.27	Full line (merged into Line 1 operation) ^[152]
Beijing Metro Fangshan Line	24.6	East Guantou South Railway Station to Yan Village East Railway Station	11	2010.12.30	midpiece
Beijing subway Yanfang Line	14.4	Yan Village East Railway Station to Yanshan Railway Station	9	2017.12.30	The whole line
Beijing Metro Yizhuang Line	23.3	Songjiazhuang Station to Secondary canal station	14	2010.12.30	The whole line
Beijing Metro Daxing Line	21.8	Gongyi West Bridge Station to Tengongyuan Station	11	2010.12.30	Full line (merged into Line 4 operation) ^[164]
Beijing Metro Changping Line	43.1	Changping Xishankou Station to West Tucheng Station	18	2010.12.30	The whole line ^[165]
Beijing Metro Line S1	11	Apple orchard station to Shek Chang Station	8	2017.12.30	The whole line ^[91]
Beijing Metro Capital Airport Line	28.1	Beixinqiao Station to Terminal 3 station or Terminal 2 station	4	2008.7.19	Terminus at Terminal T2 and T3 of the Capital Airport, All lines, there are west extension planning
Beijing Metro Daxing Airport Line	41.4	Caoqiao Station to Daxing Airport Station	3	2019.9.26	The whole line
Beijing modern tram west suburban line	9.4	Bagou station to Xiangshan Railway Station	6	2017.12.30	^[92-93]
Yizhuang New Town modern tram line T1	13.25	Dinghaiyuan Station to Quzhuang Station	14	2020.12.31	^[94-95]
Reference materials: ^[116]

History and culture

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EDITOR

Origin of name

Beijing is an ancient capital with a history of more than three thousand years. It has different titles in different dynasties. Roughly, there are more than 20 nicknames.

Yandu City According to historical records, in 1045 BC, King Wu of Zhou destroy shang Later, in Yanfeng A surname . ^[106] The city of Yandu is based on ancient times Yan Named after the capital city. Seven lords of the Warring States Period The kingdom of Yan is said to be near Yanshan Mountain And the name of the country, its capital is called "Yan Du".

You Zhou One of Kyushu in ancient times. The name of Youzhou was first seen in the book Shang Shu Shun Canon "Yan said Youzhou." The Eastern and Western Han Dynasties , wei , jin , Tang Dynasty All of them had set up Youzhou, and were governed in the area of Beijing.

The capital of a country The capital generally refers to the capital, and after Beijing became the capital, it is also called the capital.

Nanjing , Emperor Taizong of Liao Jointly with others In the first year (938), the original Youzhou was elevated to Youdu Mansion Built number Nanjing, also known as Yenching As the secondary capital of Liao Dynasty. The capital of Liao at that time was Shanghai .

mostly Yuan Dynasty to gold from the palace today Beihai Park To rebuild the new city in the center, Kublai Khan In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), it was renamed Dadu, commonly known The Great Capital of the Yuan Dynasty .

Peiping , Ming Dynasty In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang After the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to record the achievements of pacifying the north, the Yuan metropolis was renamed Beiping.

Beijing, Ming Vinh Lac The first year (1403), Zhu Di After obtaining the throne, he became the fief of Yan Wang Peiping Prefecture instead Shuntianfu The construction of Beijing City and the preparation of the relocation of the capital city here is the beginning of the official name of Beijing, which has a history of more than 600 years.

A surname In the 18th year of Yongle (1420), the capital was moved to Beijing and renamed the Capital until Qing Dynasty .

Beijing trillion In the Republic of China, the Shuntianfu was abolished and the Beijing Trillion place was placed, which was located in the central Government, and its scope included most areas of Beijing. In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the Beijing Trillion place was abolished and Beijing was changed to Beiping. ^[2]

Panorama of Beijing

Beijing dialect

The sound quality of Beijing local language is clear, the rhythm is bright, the tone is high, and the use of the children's tone has become the most prominent feature. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a large number of immigrants entering Beijing, Beijing dialect was gradually formed, mainly with Hebei accent and influenced by East Beijing Language University dialect. Beijing dialect, Beijing dialect and Beijing rhyme, has distinct local characteristics. In order to facilitate communication, from the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin was established as the correct pronunciation of the national language, and from the Republic of China to 1949, Beijing Mandarin was eventually formed as the standard pronunciation, based on Uttar Pradesh dialect, and Mandarin became the most important language communication tool for people of all ethnic groups. ^{[197
]}

Cultural relics and historic sites

Districts and counties	Name of key cultural relics under national protection in Beijing (126 in total)
Dongcheng District	Red Building of Peking University 丨 Tian An Men 丨 Monument to the People's Heroes 丨 The Forbidden City 丨 Temple of Heaven 丨 Zhihua Temple 丨 The Imperial College 丨 Yonghe Lama Temple 丨 Imperial history Library 丨 The ancient observatory 丨 Southeast corner tower of Beijing City 丨 Zhengyang Gate 丨 The Imperial Temple 丨 Altar of earth and land 丨 Confucius Temple in Beijing 丨 Chongli residence 丨 Beijing Drum Tower and Bell Tower Keyuan County 丨 Fu Wang Mansion 丨 Embassy building complex in Dongjiao Minxiang ( Jun Prince Mansion , The old British embassy , The old Citibank , Former location of Calyon Bank , The site of the Japanese Embassy , The site of the Italian embassy , Site of Zhengjin Bank , The site of the Japanese Legation , The site of the French embassy , The site of the Austro-Hungarian embassy , former site of the International Club, The site of the French barracks , The former Belgian embassy , St. Michael's Church )! Tomb and temple of Yuan Chonghuan 丨 Ditan Temple 丨 Berlin Temple 丨 The former site of the Branch University of the Peking University 丨 The site of the War Department and the Navy Department 丨 Asli Church 丨 The former site of Union Medical College 丨 Sun Yat-sen Club 丨 Ming city wall remains (East gate section, left gate value room Wen Tianxiang Temple 丨 Pudu Temple 丨 Dongdang 丨 Site of the Beijing Branch of the Chinese Christian Bible Society 丨 The former site of Peking University Geological Museum 丨 Jizhuji 丨 Beijing Railway Station building
Xicheng District	Miao Ying Temple white pagoda 丨 Beihai and Tuancheng 丨 Former residence of Soong Ching Ling in Beijing 丨 Prince Gong's House and Garden 丨 Guo Moruo's former residence 丨 Niujie Temple 丨 Tianning Temple Pagoda 丨 Great High Porch Hall 丨 Imperial temple 丨 Namdang 丨 Jingshan Mountain 丨 White Cloud Temple 丨 Bewonji 丨 Altar of Agriculture 丨 Matteo Ricci and the foreign missionary cemetery 丨 Deshengmen archery Tower 丨 Altar of the Moon 丨 Zhongnanhai 丨 Guanyue Temple 丨 Prince of Alcohol residence 丨 Guangji Temple 丨 Anhui Guild Hall 丨 Bao Guo Temple 丨 Qing agricultural experiment site 丨 The Church of Shishku 丨 Former site of the National Mongolian and Tibetan School 丨 The site of the old Parliament in Beijing 丨 The former site of the Beijing Women's Normal School 丨 Former printing Office of the Ministry of Finance of the National Government 丨 Big fence commercial building ( 瑞蚨祥 old site facade , Qian Xiangyi old site facade, Xiangyi old site facade, Quanye site )! The former site of Beiping Library 丨 Beijing Luxun old residence 丨 Wansong Tower for the elderly The remains of the City Wall of Ming Dynasty Beijing (Xibianmen section) The King's House in Kagan County 丨 The Episcopal Church of China 丨 Xi Jiao Minxiang modern bank building complex ( The old central bank , The old Continental Bank , Former site of the bank of Insurance , The former site of Agricultural and Industrial Bank of China The former site of the Ministry of Household Bank) The site of Bu-in University headquarters 丨 The former site of Sheng Hsin Secondary School and the Virgin of You Secondary School 丨 Li Dazhao old residence 丨 Mei Lanfang old residence 丨 Changchun Temple 丨 Beijing Huguang Guild Hall
Chaoyang District	Dongyue Temple in Beijing 丨 Purify the city tower 丨 Ruins of the city wall of Yuanda 丨 Altar of the Sun 丨 Site of 491 radio station
Haidian District	Jin Jue Temple King Kong Throne 丨 The Summer Palace 丨 Ruins of the Old Summer Palace 丨 Juesheng Temple 丨 Kyung Tae Reung 丨 Temple of Azure Clouds 丨 Dahui Temple 丨 Ten Fang Pujue Temple 丨 Weiming Lake Yan Garden building 丨 Early architecture of Tsinghua University 丨 Ruins of the city wall of Yuanda 丨 Dajue Temple 丨 Jingming Garden 丨 Jianrui Ying wushu Hall 丨 Temple of Longevity 丨 Xinhai Luanzhou Uprising Memorial Park 丨 Maha 丨 Cishou Temple Pagoda 丨 Tomb of Prince of Alcohol 丨 Double qing villa 丨 Soong Ching Ling Children's Science and Technology Museum
Fengtai District	Lugou bridge 丨 Jinzhong capital water pass site 丨 Hillguard tower 丨 Changxin store "27" strike site ( The former site of the remedial school of labor , The old site of the Changxin Workers' Club , the former site of the Changxin Shop Work-study preparatory class in France, the former site of the police station, the remains of the modern architecture of the Erqi Locomotive Factory, the former site of the Workers' Night shift popular School, the tomb of the "Erqi" martyrs)
Shijingshan district	Fahai Temple 丨 Chengen Temple 丨 Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, Beijing
Tongzhou District	Tongzhou modern school complex ( Luhe Middle School , Fuyu Girls' School, Huamei School )
Fangshan District	Fangshan Yunju Temple pagoda and stone classics (including Fangshan Da Bai Yutang quarry site )! Zhoukoudian ruins 丨 Liuli River Site 丨 Ten thousand Buddha Hall, hole water cave stone carvings and pagoda 丨 Cross Temple site 丨 Jinling 丨 Liangxiang Duobao Pagoda 丨 Yao Guangxiao tomb tower 丨 Liuli River Bridge 丨 Atomic energy "a pile of one" site
Changping District	Juyongguan Yuntai 丨 Ming Tombs 丨 Silver Mountain Tallinn 丨 Beijing-zhang Railway south section to Badaling section
Mentougou District	Jietai Temple 丨 Temple of pool and tree 丨 An ancient building complex in Cuandixia village 丨 Lingyue Temple
Shunyi District	Jiaozhuanghu tunnel battle site
Pinggu District	Shangzhai site
Yanqing District	Yanqing ancient cliff House 丨 Beijing-zhang Railway south section to Badaling section
Inter-provincial document protection	The Grand Canal (Beijing section includes: Gaoliang gate, Shichahai The old path of the Jade River, White float Spring site , Black Dragon Pool and Dragon King Temple , Wide source gate , Pingjin sluice , Qingfeng Gate , Yongtong Bridge and Stone Road Tablet Zhangjiawan City Wall and Transportation Bridge, Namsinchang , Tongzhou burning lighthouse The Great Wall
remark	1. The city wall remains of the Ming Dynasty are shared by Dongcheng District and Xicheng District. 2. The ruins of Dadu City Wall are shared by Chaoyang District and Haidian District. 3. The section from Nankou to Badaling of the Beijing-Zhang Railway is shared by Changping District and Yanqing District. 4. Yuhe ancient Road includes clarified upper gate (including Wanning Bridge) and clarified middle gate (including East Bupressure Bridge). 5. Including the Northern Qi Great Wall and the Ming Great Wall. The Great Wall of Northern Qi starts from Pinggu District in the east and passes through Miyun District, Huairou District, Yanqing District, Changping District and Mentougou District. The Ming Great Wall starts from Pinggu District in the east, passes through Miyun District, Huairou District, Yanqing District, Changping District, and ends in Mentougou District in the west.
Reference material	^[166]

Intangible cultural heritage and special products

summarize

Beijing is Four ancient capitals of China One, there are many local characteristics of the folk customs: Beijing snacks, Beijing Opera , Beijing rhyme and drum , Cross talk , The stage play , the Iron plate, cloisonne , Ivory carving , Woolly monkey , Carved lacquer , racing katydid and katydid cage, Sugar-figure blowing , Dough figurine Let's wait.

Beijing Dashilan (Old brand street)

Beijing Opera

Beijing Opera is Chinese The essence of Chinese culture . The origin of Peking Opera can also be traced back to several ancient local operas, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong 55 years (1790), Anhui four local opera troupe -- Sanqing Troupe , Si Xi Ban , Spring stage troupe , Hoa Chum Ban -- Went to Beijing successively to perform. ^{[191
]} Hui Group often cooperates with Han artists from Hubei, so it is a kind of "Hui style". Erhuang "Harmonize with Chinese style" A surname "The main, both Kunqu opera , Traditional Chinese opera in the Qin dynasty , clapper A new kind of opera was born, which is the Peking Opera. ^[190]

Famous actress of Beijing Opera

Intangible cultural heritage item

Beijing intangible Cultural Heritage List
species	Intangible cultural heritage item
MUSICIANS	Jihwa Terako Music , Temple of Heaven Kagura Department and Shaole , Mentougou Jingxi Hatagaru , Tongzhou canal boatman's number , Shunyi Zeng Zhuang drum
Dance	Mentougou Jingxi Taiping drum , Yanqing land boat , Changping after Niu Fang village flower cymbals big drum , The Miyun Butterfly will meet , Rice grain village stilt meeting , Butterflies in Haidian , White paper Square too lion old society , Dashilan five Dou Zhai stilt Yangge , Shayu village bamboo horse Tanghechuan big class small class rice grain tun stilts, Butterfly dance , Boy Drum Club, Flower cymbals big drums , Butterfly Club
drama	Kunqu opera , Beijing Opera , Hebei Clapper Opera , Flourishing poetry and being idle , Baiyu Yan song play
quyi	Cross talk , fork , Simple chord , Beijing rhyme and drum , Miyun Caijiawa village five-tone drum , Pinggu tone , Beijing Taiping drum , and the joy of time, Zeng Zhuang drum , Kyosai Hata Rakesa Valley bamboo horse, Baiyu Yangko play , string
Acrobatics and competition	Tianqiao Nakahata , diabolo , Mo Shan Manchu two leader wrestling , Weiqi , Chinese chess
ART	Beijing ivory carving craft , Cao's kite craft , Beijing jade craft
craftsmanship	Cloisonne making skills , Juyuan bow and arrow making skills , Rongbaozhai woodblock watermarking technology , Beijing carved lacquer technology , Quanjude hanging oven roast duck skills , Beijing cheap square stewed roast duck technique , Baodao balance production process Velvet cloth Tang process, Cao's kite craft
Traditional medicine	Tongrentang traditional Chinese medicine culture
Folk custom	Beijing Spring Festival Changdian Temple Fair , Mentougou Miao Feng Mountain temple fair , Dongyue Temple industry ancestral beliefs and customs , Fangshan Dashiwo stone culture village , Shijingshan ancient city village Bingxin sacred meeting , Tongzhou district Rong county town Zhangzhuang village dragon lantern meeting , Mentougou Longquan boy big drum old association Zhangzhuang Dragon Lantern Festival, Dashiwo Stone culture village, Quanjude Roast duck

An old and famous shop

Beijing representative time-honored brand
species	Type size
restaurant	Quanjude , Bianyifang , Dong Laishun , Daoxiang village , casserole, The White Queen , Barbecue season , Liupingju , It's all in the same place , Hongbin Tower , Grilled Lithuania , Wang Zhihe , Zhengmingzhai , Xinyuanzhai , Taifeng Tower , Zhengyang Tower , Vegetarian diet , a dragon, Quyuan Restaurant , Hongxing Pavilion , Fried tripe von Yan Yaxuan, Lush garden , Imitation food Restaurant , Dongxing Tower , Selayshun , In the same order , Nyuanju
Silk goods shop	瑞蚨祥 , Internal ascending system Yuan Long Gu Embroidery, Bu Yingzhai , Modest Xiangyi , Li Fengxiang , Sheng Xifu , Ma Juyuan , Tencheng Zhai , black monkey, congruence
pharmacy	Tongrentang , Nam Kyung Indon , Changchun Hall , Vingrentang , Senjido , Wan Quantang , Crane Year Hall
Tea house	Wu Yutai , Yuan Changhou , Zhang Yiyuan , Qing Lin Chun, Yong 'an Tea House , Sentai Tea House Wu Zhaoxiang
Literary and ink office	Yide Court , Wen Shengzhai , Dai Yuexuan , Rongbao Zhai , Thickness of written documents , Tuiwenge , Court of Pure Secrets The Four Treasures of the Study Hall
snack	Rice cake Yang, Small intestine Chen , All in one place , A pouch worn by a fire , Old magnetic mouth bean juice shop , Huatian snack , Fried tripe von , Tianxingju , Qingfeng steamed bun , Jinfang snacks, Pavilion of Azure Clouds , Tianfu Ferry , sitter, sheepshead , Bean curd brain white , Rice cake money , Lao She Teahouse , Yao Ji fried liver shop , Jin Xin bean juice shop , Longfu Temple snack bar , A surname , Dongxing shun fried tripe Zhang , Li Ji white water sheep head
other	Prand, Zhang Shunxing , Long Shuncheng , Tianhuizhai , Daming glasses , Hendry , Billion department store , The Chinese Photo Studio

Local specialty

Beijing Local Specialties (Part)
cloisonne	cloisonne Referred to as "enamel", also known as "copper tire wire enamel", is the most famous traditional arts and crafts in Beijing. Through the process of tire making, wire cutting, welding, blue point, blue burning, polishing, gold plating, etc., the varieties are bottles, bowls, plates, cans, cigarette sets, lamps, stationery, trophies and so on. In the 30th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1904), Cloisonne Blue Baoding won the first prize at the Chicago International Exposition.	cloisonne
Beijing tooth carving	Beijing tooth carving On the basis of inheriting traditional skills, the comprehensive application of round carving, relief carving and hollow carving techniques, and the combination of ancient painting, stone carving, clay sculpture and other art forms, gradually formed the Beijing ivory carving, with beautiful shape, gorgeous decoration, straight lines, and rich changes in the art style.	Beijing tooth carving
Beijing lacquerware	Beijing lacquerware There are two main types: one is carved lacquer, which takes copper as the base and burns the enamel lining, the mouth edge is gilded, and the tire is painted with red, green, yellow and other colors, and is carved after the paint dries. The other is gold lacquer inlay, which is divided into colored lacquer hook gold, screw fine inlay, gold and silver flat, and ash engraving and lacquer painting. There are many kinds of Beijing lacquerware, in addition to the common three-dimensional inlay, inlay and color painting and other varieties, there are carved fill and ash engraving. Beijing lacquerware has both large furniture to decorate the environment, and small with practical bowls, plates, etc.	Beijing lacquerware
Beijing woodblock watermarking	Beijing woodblock watermarking originated from the overprinting of ancient Chinese block printing, this pure manual printing process has hook (plate), engraving (plate making), printing (printing) and other basic process procedures and engraving, picking, dusting, tracing and other special skills, it is based on pen, knife, brush, rake, traditional Chinese painting pigments, water and other materials as tools. Beijing wood watermarking is represented by Rongbao Zhai. In 2006, Rongbaozhai's wood-block watermarking technique was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage.	Beijing woodblock watermarking
Beijing jade carving	Beijing jade carving is the inheritance and development of the jade carving craft of the palace, with large pieces and ornaments as the main categories, including vessels, figures, flowers, birds and animals, bonsai, jewelry and so on. In the production of materials and materials, because of the material art, but also to agate beauty color, with the palace art characteristics and royal style. In 2008, it was selected into the national intangible Cultural Heritage list.	Beijing jade carving
Beijing Roast Duck	Beijing Roast duck is fed in the suburbs of Beijing. First, the duck is washed and disembossed. Then air is pressed between the skin and the meat to separate the skin and meat. This gives the whole duck a deep red color. The roasting method is to put the duck into the oven before, in the duck chamber filled with boiling water, until the duck is cooked before the boiling water is released. In the oven, the dried branches of jujube, peach, pear and other fruit trees are used as fuel, and the duck roasted has a special flavor. Each duck after about 40 minutes of roasting, the outside of the tender, plump meat layer. Each duck should be sliced 100-120 pieces of duck meat, and pieces of skin, pieces of meat. Leave the duck rack for soup. Beijing Roast duck with Quanjude as the representative of the hanging roast duck and Bianfang as the representative of the braised roast duck is the most famous.	Beijing Roast Duck
Reference materials: ^{[197 ]}

Religious culture

There are more than 500,000 religious believers in Beijing, accounting for about 4% of the city. Beijing now has more than 100 venues for religious activities.

The religion of belief is mainly Buddhism , Taoism , Islam , Catholicism , Christianity Among them, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam have had a greater impact on the history, culture and art of Beijing.

The main temple temple
Buddhism	Temple of pool and tree	Yonghe Lama Temple (Lamaism)	Guanghua Temple	Guangji Temple
Buddhism	Yunju Temple	Jietai Temple	Bewonji	Bao Guo Temple
Taoism	White Cloud Temple (Jeon Jin-do)	Dongyue Temple (right together)	~	~
Islam	Niujie Temple	Dongzhimen outside mosque	Dongsi Mosque	~
Catholicism	The Church of Shishku	Xuanwumen Church	Wangfujing Catholic Church	Xizhimen Catholic Church
Catholicism	Dong Jiao Min Lane Catholic Church	Eastern Catholic Church	Southern Catholic Church	~
Christianity	Bunmundo	Beijing Church of Christ, Gongwa City Church	Shikou Hall	Broad Street Hall
Christianity	Haidian Hall	Beijing Christian Church Chongwenmen Church	Nicholas Church (Orthodox)	~

Architectural culture

In the past, Beijing was the capital of six dynasties, and in the more than 2,000 years since the State of Yan, many palace buildings were built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces, gardens, temples and mausoleums in China.

On December 19, 2021, the Beijing Cultural Heritage Bureau released news that a bronze tuft was unearthed in a newly excavated Western Zhou Dynasty tomb at the Liuli River Site in Fangshan, Beijing in 2021. According to reports, the inscriptions on the bronze tuke appear "Taibao", "Yong Yan", "Yan Hou Gong" and other contents. Relevant experts believe that the word "yong" in the inscription is the meaning of building a city, confirming that Zhou King's important minister Zhao Gong personally came to the Liulihe site and built the capital here. This inscription demonstrates the 3,000-year history of the founding of Beijing city with written materials, and has unique value in the study of urban history in the world. ^[114]

Royal building

Beijing Palace Museum World Cultural Heritage, national key cultural relic protection units, national 5A tourist attractions, patriotic education base, located in the center of Beijing, the north-south axis, the original imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Founded in the Ming Yongle four years (1406), Yongle 18 years (1420) completed. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 24 emperors ruled and lived here. The Forbidden City is about 753 meters wide from east to west and 961 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by a 10-meter-high wall and a 52-meter-wide moat, with a turret on each side. The Imperial Palace covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, with a total construction area of about 160,000 square meters, with more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, a total of 8704 rooms, all brick and wood structure, yellow glazed tile roof, blue and white stone base decorated with brilliant gold painting, is the world's largest and most complete ancient royal architectural complex. ^{[198
]}

Beijing Palace Museum

Temple of Heaven World Cultural Heritage, national key cultural relics protection units, national 5A tourist attractions, located in Yongding Gate, Dongcheng District, for the Ming and Qing Dynasties emperors to worship heaven, pray for rain and pray for a good year altar, is the world's largest existing, the most intact, the most perfect shape of the ancient temple building complex. It was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), and after continuous renovation and expansion, it eventually formed a pattern of north and south altars and strict regulations during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The Temple of Heaven covers an area of about 2.73 million square meters. The main buildings are the Nian Hall, the Circular Mound, the Imperial Vault, the Fasting Palace, the Kagura Office, the Sacrifice Place, etc., and the ancient monuments such as the Nine Dragon Cypress, the Seven Star Stone, the Oasis well, and the Lantern. ^{[198
]}

Temple of Heaven

The Summer Palace World Cultural Heritage, national key cultural relic protection unit, national 5A tourist scenic spot, located in the Summer Palace Road, Haidian District, is the largest existing building in China, the most complete protection of the museum-style royal garden. It was built in the 15th year of Qing Emperor Qianlong (1750) and completed in 15 years. Originally named "Qingyi Garden", it was the imperial garden of Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng. Qing Xianfeng ten years (1860) by the British and French allied forces burned. In the 12th year of Guangxu Emperor of Qing Dynasty (1886), it was rebuilt on the original site on the original scale. Qing Dynasty Guangxu fourteen years (1888) renamed "Summer Palace", take "nourishing chong He" meaning, as the Empress Dowager Cixi's place of retirement. In the 26th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1900), the eight-Power Allied forces occupied the Summer Palace, the cultural relics were looted and the buildings were seriously damaged. The Summer Palace was the most important place for political and diplomatic activities of the supreme rulers of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. ^{[198
]}

The Summer Palace

Traditional residence

Subject article: Beijing Siheyuan

Beijing Siheyuan

The quadrangle courtyard is Principal room (in a palace) , Flip-side house , stuff wing-room A general term for traditional houses in the north that form a plan layout around the middle courtyard. Beijing Siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style residential buildings of Yuan Dynasty, is the most important residential buildings in old Beijing.

Religious architecture

Wangfujing Catholic Church

The existing famous in Beijing are: Buddhism Bewonji , Temple of pool and tree , Jietai Temple , Yunju Temple , Eight areas Let's wait. Taoism the White Cloud Temple Let's wait. The Beijing of Islam Niujie Temple Let's wait. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism) Yonghe Lama Temple Wait, Catholic The Church of Shishku , Wangfujing Catholic Church Let's wait. Christian Beijing The Church of Christ , Beijing Christian Church Chongwenmen Church Let's wait. ^[21]

Central axis construction

Subject article: Central axis of Beijing

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing is symmetrical with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijing rises from the south Yongding Gate , north to Bell and drum tower It is about 7.8 kilometers long. From south to north are: Yongding Gate , Qianmen archery , Zhengyang Gate , Zhonghua Gate , Tian An Men , End door , Meridian gate , The Forbidden City , Gate of Divine Prowess , Jingshan Mountain , Dian gate , Rear door bridge , drum-tower and belfry . From the southern end of this central axis, Yongding Gate, there are Temple of Heaven , Altar of Agriculture ; The Imperial Temple , Altar of earth and land ; Donghuamen , Xihua Gate ; Andingmen , Deshengmen It is distributed symmetrically on the central axis. Famous Chinese architect Liang Sicheng Mr. Zhang once said: "The unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." Yongding Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'an Gate were all demolished after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the Yongding Gate Gate Tower was rebuilt. ^[22]

Central axis of Beijing

City wall

Subject article: Beijing city

Beijing City is the general name of the capital city defense buildings of the last two dynasties in Chinese history, Ming and Qing. It is composed of palace city, imperial city, inner city and outer city, including City wall , City gate , A barbican city , turret , Enemy broadcasting station , moat Such facilities were once the most complete ancient urban defense system in China. Beijing Gate It is the general name of the gates of Beijing City in Ming and Qing dynasties. According to the differences in grade and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: palace gate, imperial gate, inner city gate and outer city gate. In Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing had four palace gates (one called six). ^[21]

Beijing intangible cultural heritage

Food culture

summarize

Beijing is ranked by Forbes as the eighth best food city in the world. ^[23] Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety of materials, fine production, can be called a great reputation. Qing Dynasty "all men bamboo Ci" cloud: "three big money sell good flowers, cake ghost legs noisy, a bowl of sweet porridge in the morning, only to eat tea soup and noodle tea; Cold fruit fried cake sweet ears, hanging oven cake Ai Wo wo, fork fire just sold, and listen to the hard surface called cake; Shaomai wontons filled the plate, adding a new hanging powder good tangyuan." These snacks are sold at temple fairs or street fairs, and people will stumble across them, which old Beijing figuratively called "meeting food".

A pouch worn by a fire

From the red moon cake

Beijing snack

Sugared gourd

Beijing snacks are represented douzhi , Crispy bean noodles , Plum soup , Tea broth , Xiaotou , 茯苓饼 , Preserved fruit , Rock sugar gourd , Steamed Rice Cake with Sweet Stuffing , Pea cake , Roughing it , enema , Cooked tripe , Stir-fried liver Let's wait.

Beijing crispy candy

Beijing crispy candy

Beijing crispy candy is one of the three famous candies in China, especially the red shrimp crispy candy. The characteristics of red shrimp cake can be summarized as "crisp, crisp, fragrant, sweet" four words. In the production of concentrated the essence of the traditional craft, the use of sophisticated materials. All selected high-quality durian granulated sugar, high concentration glucose syrup and "28 sesame paste", after many times of refining, pulling and folding package. This kind of sugar skin is thin and crisp, the sugar filling level is clear, it tastes sweet and delicious, does not stick to the teeth and does not greasy mouth, and leaves no residue after eating. ^[199]

Tuckahoe sandwich cake

Tuckahoe sandwich cake

Tuckahoe sandwich cake was originally a court food in the late Qing Dynasty. 茯苓饼, also known as poria sandwich cake, is a kind of nourishing traditional name in Beijing. The production department is made of Tuckahoe cream and white flour to make pancakes, and the middle is filled with honey and sugar to dissolve the candie pine nut crushed nuts, which is shaped like the full moon, thin as paper, white as snow, beautiful and sweet, and has a unique flavor. Because of the strong nourishing and Cixi love to eat, so worth a hundred times. ^[199]

"Donkey out"

Glutinous Rice Roll Stuffed with Red Bean Paste

"Donkey roll" is a long roll filled with yellow rice, because the roll is covered with soybean noodles, when eating the long roll on soybean noodles, it looks like a donkey roll, so the name. The raw materials of "Donkey roll" are rhubarb rice noodles, soybean noodles, Chengsha, sugar, sesame oil, osmanthus flower, green and red silk and melon kernel. Its production is divided into three processes: preforming, filling and forming. The "donkey roll" is covered with bean noodles, golden yellow, sweet bean filling, soft entrance, unique flavor, is a traditional flavor snacks suitable for all ages. ^[199]

Yellow pea seed

Yellow pea seed

Fine pea yellow is the Qing palace royal kitchen according to the folk jujube rough pea yellow improved. The method is more refined, is the peas boiled and sifted into paste, plus white sugar, osmanthus flower, cut into two inches square after solidification, less than half an inch thick small square, put a few pieces of honey cake, good color and taste, fine and pure texture, the entrance is melted, is top quality. ^[199]

Scenic spot

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EDITOR

summarize

Beijing is globally owned World heritage site (7) The most cities in the world, is the first to have Global geopark The capital city. Beijing has more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, including the largest imperial palace in the world The Forbidden City Temple of worship to heaven Temple of Heaven , royal garden Beihai Park , The Summer Palace and Old Summer Palace , and Badaling Great Wall , Mutianyu Great Wall And the largest courtyard house in the world Prince Gong Mansion And other places of interest. Beijing has a total of 7,309 cultural relics and historic sites, 99 of them National key cultural relics protection units (Including the Great Wall and Beijing section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ), 326 municipal cultural relics protection units, 5 National geopark 15 places National forest park .

In 2021, Beijing will receive 260 million tourists, an increase of 38.8 percent over 2020. The total tourism revenue reached 416.62 billion yuan, up by 43.0%. Among them, the number of domestic tourists was 250 million, an increase of 38.9 percent, and the total revenue of domestic tourism was 413.85 billion yuan, an increase of 43.7 percent; The number of inbound tourists was 245,000, down 28.2%, and the international tourism revenue was 430 million US dollars, down 10.4%. ^[12]

The Forbidden City

Tourist attraction

Major tourist attractions
World cultural heritage	The Forbidden City	The Great Wall	Zhoukoudian ruins
World cultural heritage	Temple of Heaven	The Summer Palace	Ming Tombs	Beijing section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
Global geopark	Beijing Fangshan Global Geopark		Yanqing Global Geopark in China
National scenic spot	Badaling - Ming Tombs	Stone Flowers Cave	Eight areas	Prince Gong Mansion
Famous Chinese historical and cultural street	Guozijian Street	Yanbagxie Street	Dashilan	Di 'an Mennei Street
Famous town of Chinese history and culture	Gubeikou Town	Jiudu River town	Dongba township	Wang Siying Township
Famous village of Chinese history and culture	Cuanxia village	Spiritual Water Village	Liuliqu Village	Jijiaying Village
Preliminary list of World Heritage Sites in China	Beijing section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal	Fangshan Yunju Temple pagoda and stone classics		The ancient Beijing Observatory
Preliminary list of World Heritage Sites in China	Beihai Park		Lugou bridge	Liuli River Site ^[153]

Eight sights of Yanjing
Taiye autumn wind	Qiongdao Chun Yin	Jintai sunset	The Thistle gate smoke tree
The west mountain snow	Baotu Spring	Lu Gou Xiaoyue	Live in the same place

Tourist spot

Xiangshan Park

Xiangshan Park It is a national 4A level tourist attraction and a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing. It is located at the eastern foot of Xiaoxi Mountain in Haidian District, about 20 kilometers away from the urban area, covering an area of about 1.7 square kilometers, with a green coverage rate of more than 95%. It is named after the main peak, Xianglu Peak, referred to as Xiangshan. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty built a number of pavilions and palaces here, forming the famous "twenty-eight scenes". Qianlong twelve years (1747) gave the name "Jingyi Garden", ranked "three mountains and five gardens". Xianfeng ten years (1860), was burned by British and French allied forces. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), it was sacked by the eight-power Allied forces. During the Republic of China period, double Qing villas were built and turned into Xiangshan Park. From March 1949 to 1952, it was the Central Office of the Communist Party of China. It was officially opened on 1 May 1957. The scenic area has its own characteristics in the four seasons, especially in autumn. The main attractions are Biyun Temple, Five hundred Arhat Hall, King Kong Throne Tower, Double Qing Villa, Zhao Temple, See Heart Zhai and Cuiwei Pavilion. Every year from mid-October to early November, that is, around the lunar "Double Ninth Festival", Xiangshan Park has become a good place to climb and overlook, the southern hillside of the park, the leaves of tintree from green to red, red mountains, Xiangshan red leaves have become a famous landscape in Beijing. ^{[196
]}

Xiangshan Park

Songshan Nature Reserve

Songshan Nature Reserve It is a national nature reserve and 3A national tourist attraction, located in Jundu Mountain of Yanshan Mountain in the northwest of Yanqing District, covering an area of 46 square kilometers. There are more than 180 species of vertebrates and 700 species of insects in the wild. There are 105 families, 30 genera, 713 species and varieties of vascular plants. More than 400 kinds of economic plants, natural pine forest more than 50 hectares. During the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, there is an inscription of "pine and cypress green, color transverse sky". The Haituo Mountain in the area, 2199.6 meters above sea level, is the second highest peak in Beijing. There are scenic spots such as Hundred waterfalls Spring, Eight imxian Cave, Songyue Lake, lion drinking water, golden cicada moon and flying wall. ^{[196
]}

Songshan Nature Reserve

Siliceous wood National geopark

Siliceous wood National geopark It is a nature reserve of Beijing level, located on both sides of the Baihe River in Yanshan cluster in the northeast of Yanqing District, covering an area of 226 square kilometers. The park starts from Yanshan Tianchi in the west, and ends in Dikea in the east. It is 26 kilometers long from east to west, 6 to 8 kilometers wide from north to south, and about 100 kilometers away from the city. The forest cover rate of the park reaches 80%, there are 780 species of plants, 180 species of vertebrates, the annual average temperature is 8℃, the summer temperature is 5℃ lower than the urban average. Siliceous wood, also known as wood fossils, is the product of the late Middle Jurassic period, about 140 million years ago. The lignite groups found in Beijing are mainly distributed in the vicinity of Xiadelongwan Village, Qianjiadian Town, Yanqing. The upright stump of the fossil wood found in Yanqing is about 1 meter high, and the annual rings are clearly visible, with the widest diameter reaching 2.5 meters. Yanqing wood and stone group is large in scale, and there are many standing shape, which is rare in other places. The wood fossils in Xiadelongwan Village are distributed in two places: the north bank of Baihe and Daohuwo Mountain. The park opened in 2002 and is the only geopark in China with siliceous wood as its main landscape. ^{[196
]}

Siliceous wood National geopark

Shidu Scenic Spot

Shidu Scenic Spot It is a national 4A-level tourist attraction and a national geological park, located in Shidu Town, Fangshan District, about 96 kilometers away from the urban area, with an area of 301 square kilometers. Because from Zhangfang water up to the ten ferry to get the name, the east-west length of about 40 kilometers, the widest north and south of 25 kilometers. The scenic spot belongs to karst geomorphology, characterized by canyons, peaks and valley landforms, with karst landscape and geological relics as the main body. The Juma River runs through the scenic spot from northwest to southeast, enjoying the reputation of "green mountain ferries and hundred-mile galleries". There are 12 geological wonders such as the breathtaking "one-line sky", the magical "flying stone", the strange "stone in stone", and the amazing "Sun rising". The main attractions are the park, East Lake port, Pingxi anti-Japanese martyrs cemetery, Lao MAO Mountain six heroes tomb, the main landscape is Bijia Mountain, stone peak, nine face painting mountain and so on. The vegetation of the scenic spot is lush and there are many kinds of animals and plants. National protected plants include sandalwood, walnut mountain, pangolin, wild soybean, etc. National protected animals are brown pheasant, otter, Chinese turtle and fine scale gnathfish. Recreational facilities include bungee jumping, cliff jumping, ropeway, rock climbing, paragliding, rafting, boating, horse riding, etc. At the same time, it is also rich in more than 20 kinds of local products such as Dahongpao pepper, Mopan persimmon. In recent years, the scenic area has held the high platform bungee jumping invitational competition, folk tourism and culture festival, river Lantern Festival, Shidu mountain Village Festival and other festival activities. ^{[196
]}

Siliceous wood National geopark

External communication

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EDITOR

As of 2017, Beijing has friendly relations with 124 capitals and big cities in 72 countries, of which 55 cities have established friendly relations. There are 29,452 foreign students studying. There are 137 foreign embassies, 17 representative offices of international organizations and regions, and 190 foreign news organizations in Beijing. More than 7,000 foreign representative offices have been set up in Beijing, and 185 of the world's largest 500 multinational companies have invested in Beijing. More than 17,000 foreign students.

On October 9, 2019, the city of Beijing announced the cancellation of the agreement City of Prague Sister-city relations and suspension of all official contacts.

Sister city
city	nation	Closing date	city	nation	Closing date
Australian Capital Territory	Australia	14 September 2000	Amsterdam	Netherlands	29 October 1994
Tokyo	Japan	March 14, 1979	Moscow	Russia	16 May 1995
New York	America	February 25, 1980	Paris	France	October 23, 1997
Belgrade	Serbia	October 14, 1980	Roman	Italy	28 May 1998
Lima	Peru	November 21, 1983	Gauteng	Republic of South Africa	December 6, 1998
Washington, D.C.	America	May 15, 1984	Athens	Greece	10 May 2005
Madrid	Spain	September 16, 1985	Bucharest	Romania	June 21, 2005
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	November 24, 1986	Havana	Cuba	September 4, 2005
Paris region	France	July 2, 1987	Manila	The Philippines	14 November 2005
Cologne	Germany	September 14, 1987	London	Britain	April 10, 2006
Ankara	Türkiye	June 20, 1990	Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	17 April 2006
Cairo	Egypt	November 28, 1990	Wellington	NZ	10 May 2006
Jakarta	Indonesia	August 4, 1992	Helsinki	Finland	July 14, 2006
Islamabad	Pakistan	November 8, 1992	Astana	Kazakhstan	November 16, 2006
Bangkok	Thailand	26 May 1993	Tel Aviv-Jaffa	Israel	November 21, 2006
Buenos Aires	Argentina	13 July 1993	Santiago	Chile	August 7, 2007
Seoul	Korea	23 October 1993	Lisbon	Portugal	October 22, 2007
Kyiv	Ukraine	13 December 1993	Lilongwe	The Republic of Malawi	January 15, 2008
City of Berlin	Germany	5 April 1994 ^[176]	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	January 15, 2009
Brussels	Belgium	22 September 1994	Mexico City	Mexico	October 21, 2009
Hanoi (capital of Vietnam)	Vietnam	6 October 1994	Dublin	Ireland	June 2, 2011
Copenhagen	Denmark	June 28, 2012	New South Wales	Australia	August 3, 2012
Delhi	India	October 23, 2013	Teheran	Iran	February 27, 2014
Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia	August 17, 2014	Panorama	Laos	April 24, 2015
Minsk	Belarus	April 26, 2016	Riga	Latvia	September 15, 2017

Reference materials: ^[77-78]

Famous person

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EDITOR

Famous people in Beijing
Aisin Gioro Puyi	Cao Xueqin	Lao She	Mei Lanfang	Cheng Yanqiu
Ma Lianliang	Liu Baorui	Yuan Longping	Jet Li	Zhang Yining
Marine rock	Hou Yaowen	Wang Zhizhi	Cui Jian	Guan Hanqing
Wang Shuo	Shi Mingshen	Faye Wong	David Zhang Wei	Zhang Ruoyun
Wang Yi ^[24]	Geng Shuang	Wang Chen ^[25]	Liu Jieyi ^[26]	Zhang Gong ^[124]
Yi Gang ^[169]	-
Partial directory

Honor received

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EDITOR

In 2012, Beijing was awarded the title of "Leisure City with Chinese Characteristics" - "Capital of Culture and Leisure". ^[27]

In 2014, Beijing was awarded the 2012-2013 China City Public Welfare Charity "City of the First Good". ^[28]

In 2015, Beijing was selected as one of China's Top Ten Smart Cities. ^[29]

In 2015, Beijing won the honorary title of "2015 China's Happiest City".

In 2016, Beijing won the list of China's top 100 cities, and Beijing ranked first. ^[30]

In 2017, Beijing won the Forbes" 中国大陆最佳商业城市 No. 3 on the list. ^[31]

In 2017, Beijing was ranked among the top 200 attractive cities with Chinese characteristics. ^[32]

In 2017, Beijing was ranked among the top 50 cities with the most investment potential in China. ^[33]

In 2017, Beijing was ranked among the top 200 most attractive cities in the world. ^[34]

In 2017, Beijing was in Top 100 cities in China In the first place. ^[35]

In 2016 and 2017, Beijing won Classification of Chinese cities Number one on the list. ^{[37] 36 -}

In 2017, Beijing ranked first in China's comprehensive urban development index. ^[38]

In April 2018, Beijing was selected as one of the "Top 100 Cities in China 2018". ^[39]

In 2018, Beijing ranked 22nd in the global City competitiveness ranking. ^[40]

In 2018, Beijing ranked first in the comprehensive strength ranking of Chinese cities. ^[41]

In November 2018, Beijing held a" National Central City Index Ranked first in the report as the National Comprehensive Center, ^[42-43] China's rule of law government ranked 7th, ^[44] China's City Business Environment Quality Report second, ^[45] Ranked 1st in the 2018 Urban Industrial Competitiveness Index, ^[46] GaWC has released a list of world-class cities in 2018, and Beijing ranks first World's first-tier city Fourth place, ^{[48] 47 -} The Royal Society of Britain released the "2018~ Asia's Top 50 Cities Overall Ranking", and Beijing ranked sixth. ^[49]

2018年12月，北京市在福布斯发布的2018中国大陆最佳商业城市中排名第一名。 ^[50]

In 2018, Beijing ranked first in the China City Science and Technology Innovation Development Index. ^[51] The top 30 most innovative cities ranked second. ^[52]

In 2018, Beijing was ranked the 1st in China's urban Innovation Competitiveness ranking and the 1st in China's Urban Business environment ranking in 2018, and was awarded the second batch of "National Demonstration Cities for Public Transportation Urban Construction". ^{[55] 53 -} The 2nd Best Tourist Destination City in China in 2018. ^[56]

In August 2019, China Customs magazine, sponsored by the General Administration of Customs of China, released the ranking of "China's top 100 Foreign Trade Cities" in 2018, and Beijing ranked 10th. ^[57]

On August 9, 2019, the "Top 20 Cities with development Potential of China's Artificial Intelligence Industry" was released, and Beijing entered the top 20. ^[58]

In August 2019, the General Administration of Customs of China hosted the" China Customs "Magazine announced the 2018" China's top 100 foreign trade cities In the rankings, Beijing ranked 10th.

In September 2019, it ranked fifth in the 2019 World Tourism City Development Ranking. ^[59]

On September 19, 2019, it was ranked 7th in the 26th Global Financial Centers Index Report (GFCI 26). ^[60]

September 23, 2019," China's Top 100 Cities in 2019 Released, Beijing ranked first. ^[61]

On November 3, 2019, the "TOP100 Chinese City Green Competitiveness Ranking" was released, and Beijing ranked first. ^[62]

On November 12, 2019, the "2019 Global City Economic Competitiveness List" was released, and Beijing ranked 17th; ^[63] # 38 in the Global Sustainable Competitiveness List 2019. ^[63]

In December 2019, Beijing won the honor of "China's Prosperous City in the New Era" and the first place in the 2019 China City Creativity Index. ^[64-65] Ranked 16th among the top 50 Chinese health Cities in 2019, ^[66] China's "digital first-tier cities" ranked fifth, ^[67]

On December 26, 2019, it ranked 14th on the list of Top 500 Global Cities in 2019. ^[68]

In January 2020, the "China Urban Science and Technology Innovation Development Index 2019" was released, and Beijing ranked first. ^[69]

In January 2020, Beijing was selected as a "Comprehensive information Consumption Demonstration City". ^[70]

In March 2020, Beijing became a demonstration city for comprehensive transport services. ^[71]

On June 18, 2020, the "2019 China City Business Environment Report" was released, and Beijing ranked first overall. ^[72]

On July 6, 2020, the China Economic Life Survey of the China Media Group released the list of "Top Ten Cities with a Good Life in China" from 2019 to 2020, and Beijing was listed. ^[73]

In August 2020, Beijing was selected into the list of "China's Top 100 Foreign Trade Cities in 2019". ^[74]

On November 28, 2020, Beijing was named China's Livable and employable City 2020. ^[75]

In February 2021, Beijing was selected into the list of ETC smart parking pilot cities of the Ministry of Transport. ^[76]

On April 16, 2021, Beijing was selected as the top 10 digital reading cities in 2020. ^[80]

On May 6, 2021, six cities including Beijing were selected by the official website of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to announce the first batch of demonstration cities for the coordinated development of smart city infrastructure and intelligent connected vehicles (" double intelligence ") . ^[81]

On July 12, 2021, Beijing was selected into the list of the first batch of national supply chain innovation and application demonstration cities announced by the Ministry of Commerce and other eight units. ^[84]

On September 2, 2021, Dongcheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing were selected as the pilot areas for the quarter hour convenient living circle in the first 30 cities in the country. ^[96]

On September 8, 2021, Beijing was selected as the first batch of national pilot cities for business environment innovation. ^[99] ^[110]

In September 2021, Beijing was selected as a "Megacity" (sorted by urban population) announced by the National Bureau of Statistics. ^[100] .

In September 2021, Beijing was selected as one of the top 10 cities in the "Nature Index - Scientific Research City 2021", ranking first. ^[101]

In September 2021, the list of national intelligent social governance experimental bases was announced, and Beijing was selected as a characteristic base (health, sports). ^[102]

In October 2021, Beijing was selected into the list of "China's Top 100 Foreign Trade Cities 2020". ^[104]

In October 2021, Kearney, a global management consulting company, released the 2021 Global Cities Index Report, ranking Beijing sixth in a ranking that measures the comprehensive strength of cities. ^[105]

In November 2021, Beijing was selected as the "first batch of cities. New pilot "list. ^[108]

In November 2021, Beijing made the list Ccid Consulting Announced "2021 Digital Transformation Top 100 cities list", ranked first ^[111] .

On November 25, 2021, Beijing was selected as the first commercial pilot of autonomous driving travel services in China. ^[112]

In December 2021, Beijing was selected as" 2021 Top 100 Cities for Digital Transformation "First place. ^[113]

On December 24, 2021, Beijing was included in the list of the first batch of "Gigabit cities" by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. ^[115]

In 2021, Beijing was selected as the most attractive city for investment. ^[118]

In January 2022, Beijing was selected as the top ten cities with influence of overseas short video platforms in Chinese cities in 2021, ranking first. ^[119]

In February 2022, Beijing was included in the list of international comprehensive transportation hub cities. ^[120]

On March 24, 2022, Beijing ranked eighth in the 31st edition of the Global Financial Centers Index. ^[121]

In March 2022, Beijing was selected into the "Top 100 Dynamic Cities of China 2022", ranking second. ^[122]

On May 31, 2022, the Ministry of Transport decided to retain the title of "National Public Transport Urban Construction Demonstration City" in Beijing. ^[125]

In 2022, Forbes released the list of "2022 Forbes China · Vibrant Consumption Cities", and Beijing ranked first. ^[132]

In August 2022, Beijing was selected into the list of key cities for the construction of waste materials recycling system. ^[136]

In September 2022, Beijing was awarded the second batch of national football development key cities during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. ^[141]

In November 2022, The "Nature Index 2022 ~ Research City" was released, and Beijing ranked first. ^[147]

In April 2023, New World Wealth jointly released the "2023 Richest Cities in the World Report", and Beijing ranked 8th. ^[172]

In April 2023, Beijing ranked eighth in the annual report of the world's richest cities released by British consulting firm Heinz in April. ^[173]

In July 2023, Beijing won the title of National nature Education Demonstration Province (city). ^[178]

In July 2023, Beijing was evaluated as a national low-carbon pilot city City. ^[180]

On September 6, 2023, Beijing was selected as the top 100 digital cities in 2023, ranking No. 1. ^[189]

On November 13, 2023, it was selected as the first batch of pilot cities in the pilot area for the comprehensive electrification of public sector vehicles. ^[200]

In November 2023, the 2023 Nature Index - Research City ranks 1st. ^[201]

In November 2023, "Charming China - The Most Attractive Chinese City in the eyes of foreign talents" ranked No. 1 in 2022. ^[202]

On January 5, 2024, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration officially awarded Beijing the title of "National Forest City". ^[206]

Satellite picture

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EDITOR

At 9:29 PM on August 24, 2021, astronaut Nie Haisheng took a picture of the night scene of Beijing as the core module assembly crossed the sky over Beijing. In this precious photo, Beijing exudes a charming light at night, and there is a golden "star" on the right side, which is Beijing Daxing International Airport.

Photo by astronaut Nie Haisheng

In 2019, the brightness of Beijing's night scene is mainly reflected in the central city and the capital airport, as well as the Yanqing city where the Expo is being held. By 2020, in addition to the central city and the Capital Airport, Daxing International Airport has emerged as the brightest area in the southern part of Beijing. At the same time, with the construction and development of the city's sub-center, this area is gradually "lit up" at night. By 2021, the nighttime brightness of Beijing will be further enhanced, and the overall brightness of the city's six districts will be improved . ^[98]

Night view of Beijing in 2019

Night view of Beijing in 2020

Beijing night view in 2021

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