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At present, the world's advanced manufacturing technology continues to rise, the application of ultra-high-speed cutting, ultra-precision machining and other technologies, the rapid development of flexible manufacturing systems and the continuous maturity of computer integrated systems, put forward higher requirements for CNC machining technology. CNC machine tool is an important basic equipment of machine tool manufacturing industry, so its development has been concerned by people. In recent years, China's machine tool manufacturing industry is facing opportunities for the development of manufacturing equipment, but also encountered the pressure of market competition. From a technical point of view, accelerating the advancement of CNC technology will be a key to the sustainable development of the machine tool manufacturing industry. Today's CNC machine tools are developing in the following directions.
1. Maximize reliability
The reliability of CNC machine tools has always been the main index that users care about. Numerical control systems will use more integrated circuit chips, the use of large-scale or very large scale dedicated and hybrid integrated circuits to reduce the number of components, to improve reliability. Through the hardware function software, to adapt to the requirements of various control functions, while using the hardware structure of the machine body modularization, standardization and generalization and serialization, so that not only improve the hardware production batch, but also facilitate the organization of production and quality control. The fault diagnosis and alarm of hardware, software and all kinds of external equipment in the system are realized through automatic operation of startup diagnosis, online diagnosis, offline diagnosis and other diagnostic programs. Use alarm tips to eliminate faults in time; Using fault tolerance technology, the "redundancy" design of important components is adopted to realize fault self-recovery. The use of a variety of testing and monitoring technologies, when production overshoot, tool damage, interference, power failure and other accidents, automatically carry out the corresponding protection.
2. Miniaturization of control system
The miniaturization of numerical control system facilitates the integration of machine and electrical devices. At present, the main use of ultra-large scale integrated components, multi-layer printed circuit boards, the use of three-dimensional installation method, so that electronic components can be high-density installation, a larger scale to reduce the system space. The use of a new color LCD thin display instead of the traditional cathode ray tube will further miniaturize the CNC operating system. In this way, it can be easily installed on the machine tool equipment, and it is easier to operate and use the CNC machine tool.
Step 3 Be smart
Modern CNC machine tools will introduce adaptive control technology, according to the change of cutting conditions, automatically adjust the working parameters, so that the processing process can maintain a good working state, so as to obtain higher processing accuracy and smaller surface roughness, but also improve the service life of the tool and equipment production efficiency. With self-diagnosis, self-repair function, in the entire working state, the system at any time to the CNC system itself and its connected to a variety of equipment for self-diagnosis, inspection. In case of failure, measures such as shutdown are immediately adopted, and fault alarm is carried out to indicate the location and cause of the failure. It can also automatically take the faulty module offline and connect the standby module to ensure the requirements of an unmanned working environment. In order to achieve higher fault diagnosis requirements, its development trend is to use artificial intelligence expert diagnosis system.
4. CNC programming automation
At present, the interactive automatic programming of CAD/CAM graphics has been widely used, which is a new trend in the development of numerical control technology. It is the use of CAD drawing parts processing pattern, and then through the computer tool track data for calculation and post-processing, so as to automatically generate NC parts processing program, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology, there is a CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated automatic programming method, which is different from CAD/CAM system programming. The processing parameters required for programming do not need to be manually involved, and can be obtained directly from the CAPP database in the system.
5. High speed and high precision
Speed and precision are two important indicators of CNC machine tools, which are directly related to processing efficiency and product quality. At present, the numerical control system uses a processor with higher frequency and bits to improve the basic operation speed of the system. At the same time, a large scale integrated circuit and multi-microprocessor structure are used to improve the data processing capability of the system, that is, to improve the speed and precision of interpolation operation. The linear servo feed mode of the machine table driven directly by the linear motor has superior high speed and dynamic response characteristics. By using feedforward control technology, the tracking lag error is greatly reduced, and the machining accuracy of corner cutting is improved.
6. Multi-functional
Equipped with automatic tool changing mechanism (tool storage capacity can reach more than 100) all kinds of machining centers, can simultaneously achieve milling, boring, drilling, turning, reaming, reaming, tapping and other processes on the same machine tool, modern CNC machine tools also use multi-spindle, polyhedral cutting, that is, at the same time different parts of a part for different ways of cutting processing. Numerical control system because of the use of multi-CPU structure and hierarchical interrupt control mode, you can simultaneously carry out parts processing and programming on a machine tool, to achieve the so-called "front processing, background editing". In order to meet the requirements of flexible manufacturing system and computer integrated system, the CNC system has a long-distance serial interface, and even can be networked to realize data communication between CNC machine tools, and can also directly control multiple CNC machine tools.
In order to meet the requirements of ultra-high speed machining, CNC machine tool adopts the structure of spindle motor and machine tool spindle into one, and realizes the integration of variable frequency motor and machine tool spindle. The bearings of the spindle motor are magnetic float bearings, liquid dynamic and static bearings or ceramic rolling bearings.
CNC machine tools with its excellent flexible automation performance, excellent and stable accuracy, agile and diversified functions to attract the world's attention, it created a pioneer in the development of mechanical and electrical integration of mechanical products, so CNC technology has become a core technology in advanced manufacturing technology. On the other hand, through continuous research, the deepening application of information technology has promoted the further improvement of CNC machine tools.
