Decorative fireproof coating is a new type of coating which integrates decorative and fireproof functions. When the fire retardant coating on the combustible substrate, usually can play a decorative role, once the fire occurs, it can prevent the spread of fire, to protect the purpose of the substrate, the production of decorative fire retardant coatings are expansive fire retardant coatings, varieties of water-based fire retardant coatings, transparent fire retardant coatings and solvent-based fire retardant coatings, the fire retardant additives used are basically the same.
introduce
The product is a kind of intumescent water-based fireproof coating which can not only play a certain decorative role because of its flat coating film, but also play a fire protection role in the event of fire because of its coating on the flammable substrate and prevent the spread of flame. The coating on the surface of the substrate expands and foams when it meets fire, forming a foam layer. The foam layer not only insulates oxygen, but also has good thermal insulation performance because of its loose texture, which can delay the rate of heat transfer to the coated substrate. The process of coating expansion foaming to produce foam layer is endothermic because of the expansion of volume, but also consumes a lot of heat, and is conducive to reducing the temperature of the fire site. Because the product has significant fire protection effect and obvious decorative effect, it can be widely used in industrial and civil buildings such as wood and its products, fiberboard and its products, cardboard and its products and other flammable substrates, as well as other interior decoration materials with combustion performance grade design requirements of B1. Technical standards conform to GB 12441-2002 national standard technical indicators. Fire resistance The fire resistance reaches the first level.
Scope of application
Decorative fireproof coating is suitable for general industrial and civil buildings, high-rise buildings, hotels, cultural and entertainment places, ancient buildings of wood structure materials, fiberboard, particle board, glass and steel products and other flammable materials, as well as cement walls, play a role in fire protection. The coating performance is stable after the film is formed, and it can be used in various climatic conditions, so it can be used all over the country.
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Waterborne fire prevention
A fireproof coating with water dispersing medium is made by using synthetic polymer emulsion or inorganic adhesive wie modified by polymer emulsion as the main film-forming material, adding foaming agent, carbonforming agent and carbonforming catalyst as the fireproof system. In case of fire, the coating forms a uniform and dense honeycomb or spongy carbon foam layer, which has a good protective effect on the combustible substrate. Among them, the main types of film forming substances are polyacrylate emulsion, chlorine-metacolactic acid, neoprene latex, vinyl acetate emulsion, phenyl-acrylic emulsion, water-soluble amino resin, water-soluble phenolic resin, water-soluble melamine formaldehyde resin, silicon solution and water glass. It is characterized by water as a dispersive medium, safe and non-toxic, no combustion, no pollution of three wastes, and belongs to environmentally friendly building materials. In the production, storage, transportation and construction process are very safe and convenient, with the advantages of easy drying and fast construction speed. In addition to fire performance, other properties are similar to latex paint. However, it is not as good as solvent-based fireproof coatings in terms of water and moisture resistance. It is generally suitable for indoor use, and try to avoid use in humid parts.
Transparent fire protection
Fire retardant varnish is developed in recent years and tends to mature a class of decorative fire retardant coatings, generally by synthetic polymer resin as the theme of the base material, the base material itself may have a certain amount of flame retardant groups and foamable groups, and then add a small amount of blowing agent, carbonizing agent and carbonizing catalyst composed of fire retardant system prepared transparent fire retardant coatings, also become fire retardant varnish. It is mainly used for decoration and fire protection of high-grade wood materials. In order to ensure the fire protection and other performance of the coating, it is generally necessary to use a transparent finish coating. In actual use, the amount of transparent fireproof paint is generally 350~500g/㎡, and the amount of coating is generally 50g/㎡.
Solvent-based finishes
The coating formed a uniform and dense cellular or spongy carbonaceous foam layer when burned, which had a good protective effect on the combustible substrate. The main film-forming substances commonly used are phenolic resin, perchloroethylene resin, chlorinated rubber, polyacrylic resin, modified amino resin, etc. The solvent is usually 200 solvent gasoline, xylene, butyl acetate, etc. It is characterized by excellent water and moisture resistance, and is suitable for use in humid areas and corresponding parts. The gloss of the coating is good, and it has good decoration. However, in the production, storage, transportation and construction process must pay attention to fire prevention and environmental protection.
Performance classification
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1.Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the classification of the fire resistance of decorative fireproof coatings.
This standard applies to the classification of fire resistance of fire retardant coatings applied to the surface of combustible substrates.
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2.Reference standard
GB 9278 paint sample state regulation and test temperature and humidity
GB 12441 General technical conditions for decorative fireproof coatings
GB/T 15442.2 Fire resistance of decorative fire retardant coatings classification and test methods large plate burning method
GB/T 15442.3 fireproof coating for finishes -- classification of fire resistance and test methods -- tunnel combustion method
GB/T 15442.4 fireproof coatings for finishes -- classification and test methods for fire resistance -- chamber combustion method
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3.terminology
3.1Flame resistance time: under the specified substrate and specific combustion conditions, the temperature of the back fire surface of the test plate reaches 220℃ or
Test plate penetration time (min)
3.2Flame propagation ratio: When the flame propagation ratio of asbestos board is "0" and the flame propagation ratio of oak board is "100", the surface flame propagation characteristics of the tested material are data.
3.3Fire resistance performance: expressed by combustion mass loss and carbonization volume.
3.3.1 Mass loss: the mass difference (g) before and after combustion of the specimen under specified coating ratio and specified combustion conditions.
3.3.2 Carbonization volume: the product (cm3) of the maximum length, maximum width and maximum depth of the base material carbonized under the specified coating ratio and the specified combustion conditions.
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4.Technical requirement
4.1Physical and chemical properties of fireproof coatings
4.1.1 The physical and chemical properties of fireproof coatings shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.2 in GB 12441, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of decorative fireproof coatings
Sequence number item technical index
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Serial number
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Inspection item name
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Standard requirement
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Measured result
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1
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The state in the dissolver
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There is no caking, and it is in a uniform state after mixing
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There is no caking, and it is a uniform liquid after stirring
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2
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Fineness, μm
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≤ 90
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85
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3
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Drying time, h
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Surface dry, ≤ 5
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2
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Hard work, ≤24
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6
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||
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4
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Adhesion, grade
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≤ 3
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1
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5
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Flame resistance time, min
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≥ 15
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25
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4.2Fire resistance classification of fire retardant coatings
Table 2 Fireproof performance of decorative fireproof coatings: according to the latest international: 12441-2005
4.2.1, fire time /min:≥15
4.2.2, flame propagation ratio: ≤ 25 (GB51002-85)
4.2.3 Quality loss /g: ≤5.0
4.2.4. Carbonization volume /cm3≤25
4.2.5, flame-retardant test of decorative fireproof coating cable /m: delay burning length <0.5
4.2.2, flame propagation ratio: ≤ 25 (GB51002-85)
4.2.3 Quality loss /g: ≤5.0
4.2.4. Carbonization volume /cm3≤25
4.2.5, flame-retardant test of decorative fireproof coating cable /m: delay burning length <0.5
4.3In addition to the inspection items specified in Table 1 and Table 2, fire-resistant coatings should also increase the inspection items according to the characteristics and intended use of fire-resistant coatings, and make necessary supplementary tests according to the corresponding national standards and other approved test methods.
Flame retardant mechanism
Fireproof coating for finishesAlso divided into intumescent and non-intumescent, non-intumescent fireproof coatings are generally divided into flame-resistant fireproof coatings and non-combustible fireproof coatings. Flame-resistant fireproof coatings are self-flame-resistant, including emulsion flame-resistant coatings and flame-resistant coatings containing flame retardants. Incombustible fireproof coatings are inorganic coatings.
Expansive type
Fire retardant paintAfter forming the film, it is no different from ordinary paint film at room temperature. However, under the flame or high temperature, the coating is violently foamed and carbonized, forming a refractory foam carbonization layer that is dozens or even hundreds of times thicker than the original coating film. It can isolate the direct heating of the external fire source on the substrate and play a flame retardant role. When the coating carbonizes and expands, the thickness of the coating increases tens of times or even hundreds of times, while the thermal conductivity of the coating decreases, and finally the heat transferred to the substrate through the expanded carbon layer is only one tenth or even a few hundredths of the original coating, so that the substrate can be better protected. Macroscopically, the formation of carbonaceous layer contributes to fire prevention in four aspects: (1) the direct heating of the substrate by the partition flame; (2) The physical changes of the coating such as softening, melting and expansion, and the chemical reactions such as the decomposition, evaporation and carbonization of polymers, fillers and auxiliaries will absorb a lot of heat; ③ Isolate the contact between the substrate and the air; The decomposed non-combustible gas can dilute the concentration of oxygen in the air.
5Test method
5.1Physicochemical properties
Test according to GB 12441.
5.2Flame resistance time
Test according to GB/T 15442.2.
5.3Flame spread ratio
Test according to GB/T 15442.3.
5.4Fire resistance
Test according to GB/T 15442.4.
Additional note:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is centralized by the seventh Sub-committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security.
This standard is based on the United States Fire Code NFPA 703, Standard for Fire resistant impregnated Wood and Construction.
Construction technology
1. It should be above 5 ° C and avoid rain within 24 hours after construction.
2, brushing process using brush, spray or roll coating, brushing evenly. Brush direction should be consistent, do not cross or repeated brush.
3, before construction, the base (coated material) must be cleaned, remove ash, oil floating paint to be debris. The wood base should reach a naturally dry state with a moisture content of <10%.
4, the paint is generally coated with two layers, if necessary, can be coated with three layers, or cover once, after the first coating, natural drying can be carried out the next layer of construction. There should be no missing paint on each brushing surface. The dosage per square meter is ≥500g, reaching the first class fire protection standard.
5, stir evenly before brushing, to ensure the construction quality and product performance.
Matters needing attention
The base should be smooth, strong, dry and clean, without dirt, oil stains, water stains and other dirt. The paint must be stirred well before coating construction. When the coating is too thick, a small amount of water can be added to dilute it; Brush coating, spray coating and roll coating coating methods can be used. Apply the coating in at least two times, and the next coating can be applied only after the previous coating is dry. The coating is required to be complete, no leakage coating, flat and uniform surface, consistent color, and the coating thickness shall not be less than 0.3mm, so as not to affect the fire protection effect.
Before painting construction, the moisture content of the flammable substrate should not exceed 12%. The construction environment should maintain air circulation, but avoid dust flying.
Reference dosage 0.5kg/㎡.
Packing and storage
1. Packing: 25kg/ barrel, 50kg/ barrel.
2, storage: Storage temperature should be kept between 5℃ ~ 45℃, and stored in a ventilated, dry warehouse, to prevent direct sunlight, rain, away from the fire source. Shelf life is 12 months.
Development trend Future
Decorative fireproof coating is in the ascendant, its physical and chemical properties, fire performance has been greatly improved and enhanced, the variety and application range continue to expand. With the entire fireproof coating industry is moving towards the "5E" direction, that is, improving the film quality, convenient construction, saving resources, saving energy and adapting to the environment. Water-soluble fireproof coatings have accounted for an increasing proportion. At the same time, progress has been made in improving the physical and chemical properties, fire resistance, decorative effect and cost reduction of decorative coatings.
Carbonization by dehydration
Catalysts and blowing agents
The dehydrated carbon catalyst and blowing agent with high efficiency and low water solubility have always been the key to the research and development of intumescent fireproofing coatings. The successful development of POLyphosphate amine has greatly promoted the development of intumescent fireproof coatings. Melamine phosphate combines the effects of phosphoric acid dehydration catalysis and melamine foaming, and the water solubility is lower, the effect is better. In terms of blowing agents, it has not been limited by amine compounds, and an inorganic foaming material with foaming function has been used in the preparation of decorative fireproof coatings. The fineness of this inorganic foaming material can reach 400 mesh, it will not burn, it will expand rapidly at high temperature, and the expansion rate can be as high as 200% to 300% of its own volume.
develop
The smoke elimination of decorative fireproof coatings is the key to restrict its quality and grade. We attach great importance to the development and research of the synergistic effect of flame retardant E and flame retardant synergistic agent, and the results have been obtained. The amount of flame retardant is greatly saved, the dependence on antimony oxide is reduced, and even the antimony oxide is completely replaced, the price is reduced, and the flame retardant and smoke elimination effect is improved. For example, zinc borate and antimony oxide are equally mixed in halogene-containing resins, and the smoke amount can be reduced by 25%, and the oxygen index is unchanged, and the price is reduced. When used in halogenated polyester, zinc borate combined with hydrated alumina can replace all antimony oxide, and the price is greatly reduced. In addition, zinc oxide/magnesium oxide admixture, ammonium borate/antimony oxide admixture, calcium molybdate/zinc molybdate admixture, molybdenum oxide/zinc oxide admixture, molybdenum compound/phosphite admixture, etc., in many halogene-containing polymers have achieved good flame retardant and smoke elimination effect. Ultrafine flame retardant, due to good dispersion, significantly improve the flame retardant and smoke elimination effect, save the amount, improve the coating performance and so on. This is also an important aspect of the development of flame retardant smoke suppressants. For example, replacing antimony oxide with superfine antimony oxide with particle size of 0.25~0.5um with particle size of 1~1.8um can not only reduce the amount of antimony oxide by 20%~30%, but also greatly improve the dispersion and improve the physical and mechanical properties of the coating.
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2.3 Development of high-quality transparent finish type fire retardant coatings
Transparent finish type fire retardant coating, also known as fire retardant varnish, is a kind of mature finish type fire retardant coating, products are mainly used for fire protection of advanced wood decorative materials. Transparent fire retardant coatings are generally composed of synthetic organic polymer resin as the main body, modified by special groups, the resin itself can have a certain amount of flame retardant groups and foamable groups, and then appropriate to add a small amount of blowing agents, flame retardants, carbon sources and other components of the fire protection system. In order to ensure the fire protection and other performance of the coating, it is generally necessary to use a transparent finish coating. Transparent fireproof coating as the exterior layer of advanced wood decorative materials, under normal circumstances has a good decorative effect, by fire can expand and form a uniform and dense honeycomb or spongy carbon foam layer, has a good protective effect on the combustible substrate. However, there are only one or two types of fire retardant coatings with transparent finishes identified, so the research of fire retardant coatings with transparent finishes should be accelerated to adapt to the demand.
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2.4 Application of nanotechnology in decorative fireproof coatings
Nano flame retardant materials added to the surface type fire retardant coating system will get unexpected results. Water resistance, stain resistance and decorative properties of decorative fireproof coatings with nano-flame retardant materials.
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