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Tokugawa Keiki
(Japanese: Tokugawa Keiki /とくがわ よしのぶ.
[31]
English: Tokugawa Yoshinobu; October 28, 1837 (September 29, 8) - November 22, 1913
[1]
), the sovereignty of Mito Han
Tokugawa Saiaki
The seventh son,
[2]
word
Daughter state
,
Xingshan County
[3]
.
The Edo shogunate
Fifteenth generation
General Levy Yi
Also the Edo shogunate and
History of Japan
Last digit
shogun
.
Honghua four years (1847), succession
Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family
, hence the name
Keiki Ichihashi
(Keiki Hitotsuhashi /ひとつばし よしのぶ
[31]
). checkmate
Tokugawa Ietin
On the issue of succession, was the so-called Hitotsubashi faction, and
Naoki Jing
Waiting for the Nanji to nominate
Tokugawa Ishigeru
Fight and lose. Tokugawa Qing xi face the decline, the original hope after the inheritance with the help
France
To assist in Westernization, again
gongwu
Reform the government. After the reform of the imperial regime in 1862, he took the post of general and carried out the policy of maintaining the imperial power and the public military. In the second year of Keio (1866), after the death of the 14th general Tokugawa Iigeru, Tokugawa Keiki became General. Under the suggestion and assistance of French Minister Roush, drawing on the European system to carry out the reform of the curtain administration, it is envisaged to establish a
Tokugawa
Centered on a unified power structure. At the end of the second year of Qingying (1866), he always supported Gongwu and opposed it
Back curtain
the
Emperor Takamin
The sudden death made Tokugawa Keiki's dream of maintaining the legitimacy of the shogunate regime disillusioned. In June 1867, the third year of Qing Ying,
Tosa Han
shogunate
Great government will be restored
And start
Inverted curtain motion
,
The Tokugawa shogunate
Losing the war,
[4]
On October 14, 1867, Tokugawa Keiki returned the Great Government to the emperor
[5]
.
After retiring as a general, Tokugawa Keiki was interested in photography, hunting, and studying folk songs. He was made a duke in 1902. Taisho died of pneumonia in 1913 at the age of 77, making him the longest-lived Tokugawa shogunate general
[6]
.
- Full name
- Tokugawa Keiki
- alias
- Zhao Zhi (first name) , Chilang Malo , Keiki Ichihashi
- word
- Daughter state
- No.
- Xingshan County
- The surname
- courtier [32]
- 's
- The source [32]
- age
- Edo period - Taisho period [33]
- Ethnic group
- Yamato
- Place of Birth
- Mito Mansion, Edo Koishikawa (in present-day Ibaraki Prefecture) [3]
- Date of birth
- October 28, 1837 [31] (September 29, 2008)
- Date of death
- November 22, 1913
- Place of burial
- Kuenyong Temple (Tanaka Spirit Garden)
- predecessor
- Tokugawa Ishigeru (General Zhengyi)
- succeed
- Tokugawa Ieida (Tokugawa Clan Governor)
- Major achievement
- Reform of the administrative system, carry out the policy of maintaining the power of the administrative system, public and military integration
- Top office
- You two, the Interior Minister and the right guard general, the chief general, promoted from one [32]
- bakufu
- The Edo shogunate
- nationality
- Japan
catalogue
- 1biography
- ▪Mansion years
- ▪Inichi Bridge
- ▪The struggle for heirs
- ▪Reform the feudal government
- ▪Be forced to fight against the barbarians
- ▪Founding dispute
- ▪Conquering the Long State
- ▪Wind and rain are about to come.
- ▪Death throes
- ▪Uneventful life
- 2Administrative measures
- ▪political
- ▪Military affairs
September 29, 1837 (according to the old calendar, the Gregorian calendar is October 28
[31]
Tokugawa Keiki was born in Mito Mansion in Koishikawa, Edo. It was named because it was the seventh oldest boy
Shichiro
. father
Tokugawa Saiaki
Everything is different, that the gorgeous and light Edo soil is not conducive to the development of a simple heroic man, so in Shiro is less than a year old when he returned to the colony
Mito
Raise. And then asked
Aizawa Masishisai
And Aoyama Yanguang do Shiro's teacher. Aizawa Masesai is seen as
Honor the king and fight the barbarians
The author of the book "New Treatise", Aoyama Yanemitsu is the director professor of the "Hirodo Hall" of the Imperial School and the president of the "Akaki Hall" of the Historical Bureau. Two people will Mito's knowledge and fan wind seven lang carried out a thorough indoctrination. Tokugawa Saisaki also believes
One's personal name
The children should be more ordinary
warrior
More martial and strong, so the church is very strict.
[7]
Among the sons, Tokugawa Qi Zhao most appreciated seven Lang. At that time, my name was removed from the children
Eldest son of the legal wife
In addition to being established as the son of the king, the concubine is generally adopted as a person to succeed him. When Shiro was five years old,"
Gosanke
The most powerful of them all
Ji zhou Han
Petitioning for adoption due to the absence of a child. counsellor
Fujita East Lake
To the Tokugawa Qi Zhao for selection of opinions, Tokugawa Qi Zhao said gentle temperament of five lang is more appropriate, seven lang to stay as the prince of the Hou. At that time, the eldest son crane Chihiro had already been established as the son of the world, the wily Tokugawa Qizhao left seven lang in the name of Hou Bu, it seems not only to focus on this, when there is another mail.
[7]
Tokugawa Keiki
Tokugawa jia Qing the reason why the choice of seven lang into a bridge home, is its foresight. Although Tokugawa Jia Qing has 29 children, but many early death, grew up only
Tokugawa Ietin
. And Tokugawa Jiading is also sickly, fear difficult for a long-term solution. Seven lang smart and handsome, Tokugawa jia qing has heard about this. And the Tokugawa jia Qing's wife from the royal family has the Qi Chuan family, with seven Lang's birth mother out of the same door, two people for sisterhood. Once the future Tokugawa home will have something, seven lang can be replaced, is the foreshadowing for Tokugawa home qing.
About Shiro's succession to the Ichihashi family,
The Edo shogunate
There were a lot of complaints. In addition to being more distant than other families, the main reason is the second generation from Mito
Tokugawa Mitsukuni
Since then, the Mito family has been regarded as the deep number of the king's thoughts, and the father of Shiro, Tokugawa Saisaki, is proud and vigorous. But general Tokugawa home qing to seven lang feeling bell, unmoved.
On October 5, the fourth year of Honghua (1847), Qilang entered
Edo Castle
Have an audience with General Tokugawa Iaki. On December 1, easy to wear the salute, to give the "Qing" word, renamed
Keiki Ichihashi
Grant from three, left guards lieutenant general, said the Ministry of punishment, become a bridge home when the master. Qing Xi was eleven years old that year. Things worked out just as Tokugawa Saiaki had hoped.
In June 1853, Matthew Perry, commander of the U.S. East India Fleet, led four warships into Edo Bay
Gulf of Tonkin
), using force to coerce Japan into trade and founding. Put in place for a long time
Isolation policy
Japan brought great shock. Kuni Middle School
Repel barbarians
There was a sudden outcry against the Tokugawa shogunate's diplomatic line of compromise. The controversy and friction between these two forces constituted the core of the political situation at the end of the curtain. On the occasion of the world SAO Ran, Tokugawa Jia Qing died of illness, and his son Tokugawa Jia Ding succeeded him as the thirteenth generation general. The Tokugawa family was thirty years old, and although he married twice, he had no children. Judging from her weak physical condition, it is unlikely that she will have children in the future. As a result, the question of the selection of the next general has come up on the agenda. At that time, among the "royal three families" and "royal three secretaries", there were two more suitable candidates: one was the Lord of Jizhou
Tokugawa Keifuku
The other is Ichihashi Keiki. Khing Phuc was an eleventh generation general
Tokugawa Ieki
The grandson and cousin of the current general's family, from the blood point of view, Tokugawa Keifuku has the advantage. If in the year of Chengping, it is natural to make Qingfu the heir of the general. But at the end of the turmoil, it is clear that an eight-year-old child (Kyung Fuk) is unable to shoulder the heavy responsibility given by the situation; Qing Xi, who is known for his wisdom, is more than 17 years old, and it is the time to show his talents from now on.
Tokugawa Keiki
When the two sides are engaged in fierce struggle around the issue of human heirs, the world is also undergoing drastic changes. In the first year of Ansei (1854), Matthew Perry led a fleet to sail for the second time, forcing Japan to conclude the "Treaty".
Treaty of Kanagawa
". Subsequently, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and other countries have also made unequal demands on Japan. Under the threat of the great powers, Japan was forced step by step to become a founding nation. In June 1859, in the sixth year of Anmasat, Iike signed the Treaty of Rapprochement and Trade with the United States Consul General, Harris, without the Emperor's permission. In accordance with
Mito manaki
The theory that the emperor is the Lord of the state,
shogun
It is only commissioned by the emperor to carry out political functions. Hear the well Yi signed without authorization, a bridge Qing Xi stand up, face the well Yi. Kyung-hee, 22, took her first active step on the political stage. Crafty well Yi Zhi Bi at that time did not face to face with Qing Xi, but then suddenly xing prison, severely punish the opposition. Hitotsubashi and others were imprisoned, and many of those who raised objections were either beheaded or exiled. In this way, the heirs are established
Honor the king and fight the barbarians
Mixed together, the situation is developing in an unfavorable direction to Qing Xi. In July 1859, General Tokugawa Iyoshi died. The winner of the struggle to create an heir, twelve-year-old Kyung-fu, changed his name to
Tokugawa Ishigeru
He was succeeded by the 14th generation
General Levy Yi
. At this time, Ichihashi Keiki seems to have been denied the position of general.
[7]
Tokugawa Keiki
At this time, his father Tokugawa Qi Zhao has died, and people gradually focused their political attention on the bustling Yi base camp - Mito born Ichibashi, who regarded it as the savior of the Lord, that only he can drive out the enemy, pull the building in will pour. This excessive evaluation and expectation for Hitotsubashi, who has not achieved any political achievements, actually embodies a kind of fantasy of people in troubled times to some extent. Such public opinion seems to have influenced the Kyoto court as well. Wen Jiu two years (1862) in July, the emperor's imperial decree
Ohara Shigetoku
When he arrived in Edo, he conveyed the emperor's "worry" : the appointment of Hitotsubashi Keiki as General (general assistant), and Matsudaira Haruke as president of political affairs, presiding over the shogunate affairs. Although the personnel arrangement can be seen behind
Satsuma Han
Hisamitsu Shimadzu
(Shimazu Saibin's brother) strong figure, but the court's intervention in the shogunate personnel is unheard of, which also reflects from one side the loss of authority of the Tokugawa shogunate.
A bridge Qingxi after taking office with Matsuping spring Yue, in
Yokoi Xiaonan
Under the planning of the reform, in order to refresh the curtain of government. The main contents are: 1. Ease the alternate system of attendance. The abolition of daimyo must be in Edo, fiefdom rotation year by year
Take part in the explanation
He went to Edo every three years
hajj
Once, and only for three months each time. 2. Reform the military system. Refer to
France
The army reorganized infantry, cavalry and artillery, and purchased warships from the Netherlands to revitalize armaments; At the same time, talents were sent overseas to study modern military thought. 3. Setup
Guardian of Kyoto
. At that time, Kyoto gathered a group of subordinate samurai with the slogan "respect the king and resist the barbarians".
ronin
They killed indiscriminately in the name of "Tianshu", leaving Kyoto in a state of disorder. Ichihashi Keiki Shinobi
Aizu
The Lord of Fukushima
Matsudaira Yosho
For the guardian of Kyoto, led a thousand elite troops to Beijing, control the situation; And use it to keep the court in check. 4, reform the academic system, set up "Fan book transfer" (today
University of Tokyo
Predecessor), cultivating diplomacy and
Western learning
A talented person. These measures strengthened Hitotsubashi's power base in the Tokugawa shogunate.
In Kyoto at this time,
Honor the king and fight the barbarians
The cry of
On the rise
. In October of the second year of Wen Jiu (1862), the imperial government urged and urged the imperial Council
Sanmei
They came to Edo City and asked the Tokugawa shogunate to take immediate action to fight against the barbaries. Who once fought against the barbarians
Aizawa Masishisai
On the "current affairs policy", urged a bridge Qing Xi to recognize the current situation, the implementation of the founding policy. Ichihashi Keiki himself is right
camera
Western saddle, etc
Imported goods
Extremely fond, can be called "foreign fetish home", is hidden the founding theorists. Therefore, he was not impressed with the order of the imperial court, and even planned to go to Kyoto to persuade the imperial court. However, it was stopped by Matsudaira Chunyue, the president of political affairs. Therefore, Matsudhira Haruke advocated that he should first express his stance to the court to resist Yi, and then make other plans. In this way, the Tokugawa shogunate promised to implement the imperial court, and agreed to levy Yi general to go to Beijing in the near future, to discuss the plan.
The Japanese beat up foreigners
However, the imperial Court pressed forward, demanding that the Tokugawa shogunate set a clear date for the expulsion of Yi, or he would not return to Edo. On April 20, 1863, Hitotsubashi, who was in poverty, was only able to set the date for the implementation of the rebellion on May 10 of the same year in the name of General Tokugawa Ishigeru. On April 22, the Imperial Court notified those present in Beijing of this date
One's personal name
. Since he knew that he could not resist and had to do it, Qingxi had to shake a gun. But a mere twenty days to prepare for the banishment of the species is almost absurd. Keiki, who was able to return to Edo on May 8, called a meeting of the Shokaku the next day and announced that the next day would be the beginning of the war. Other than emphasizing that Japan would never start a war, no other specific measures were discussed. On 14 May, Ichihashi submitted his resignation as general to the court. The matter surprised the court, the current world can lead the group of vassals, resist the foreign Yi, except Qingxi no one else, then sent a special envoy to retain; The old shogunate who did not like Keiki also tried hard to persuade him, and Keiki Ichihashi had to agree. On May 10th,
Choshu domain
Artillery passage
Maguan
American merchant ships and French and Dutch warships in the (now Shimonoseki) Strait opened
War against barbarians
The curtain of...
[9]
Kyoto during this period was a capital of intrigue. Various forces have divided and combined, and carried out negotiations. The actions of the Changzhou vassals against the radical faction gradually caused the unrest of the Satsuma vassals. After the death of Satsuma Han Zu Saibin, by his half-brother
Hisamitsu Shimadzu
seigniorship
Tadayoshi Shimadzu
He ruled as a father. In August 1863, Shimazu Hisamitsu and his family were on their way back from Edo
Yokohama
Nearby Sheng Mai village with horseback riding outing
British
There was a conflict, which led to
Anglo-Saxon War
. Although this battle left Satsuma in a wave of rebellion
Rise to fame
However, Shimadzu Hisamitsu also realized that with the existing national strength, it was impossible to resist the Yi. Taking this battle as an opportunity, Satsuma switched to the war against
Britain
Approach approach, advocate the founding of the country.
[10]
Tokugawa Keiki
Around the question of founding the country or locking up the country, "participating in the conference" launched a fierce debate. Shimadzu Kuemitsu and others advocate the founding of the country, belong to the majority. Qingxi is increasingly inclined to "lock the country" theory. Later, in his later years' talk collection "Xiemonhui Notes", Kyung Hee talked about this matter and said: "I had previously succumbed to the pressure of the Changzhou Han, and this time if I look at the Satsuma Han again.
The head of a horse is a look
It seems that the shogunate is too thoughtless." How to maintain the prestige of the shogunate became the action guideline for the celebration of this period.
The differences between the two sides became more and more serious, and in the "Participation meeting" on February 16, 1864, Hitotsubashi Keiki finally broke his face and swore at Shimadzu Hisamitsu, Matsudaira Harutaka, and Hita Sojo. At this point, the "participation Conference" could not continue. The opposition between the shofu and Satsuma became apparent. In March, Keiki resigned from his post as general and assumed the newly created posts of "Governor of the Forbidden Guard" and "Commander of the Regency Defense", with the intention of keeping Kyoto, where the imperial Court was located, under his own control. On June 5, the "Kyoto Guardian Office"
Shinsengumi
Raid the hotel Ikeda Ya, will gather in this gathering of more than 20 Changzhou Han warriorai all killed.
[12]
The group, who were dissatisfied with the fact that Qingxi only verbally expressed resistance to Yi, angrily announced that Qingxi would be the target of "punishment by heaven". Ten days later, Keiki's henchman, Kuro Hiraoka, was assassinated and became the first victim. At this time, whether to resist or not has been degenerated into a banner, and the struggle for power is the center of the problem.
Subject article:
Long state united war
Tokugawa Keiki
In order to consolidate his position and that of the Tokugawa shogunate, Hitotsubashi announced another campaign against the Choshu Han in June 1866. But at this time the Tokugawa shofu has become increasingly weak, holding the founding theory
Satsuma Han
Not only refused the Tokugawa shogunate's request to send troops, but secretly supported the Choshu Han.
[15]
posteriori
Tosa Han
Of birth
Ryoma Sakamoto
Under the mediation of others, Satsuma Han and Chang Zhou Han secretly formed
League of sauteers
To determine the position of the common inverted curtain.
[16]
Second time
Long state united war
It did not proceed as smoothly as Tokugawa Keiki had expected, and the Tokugawa shogunate army suffered repeated defeats. On July 20, the twenty-one-year-old general Tokugawa Iigeru died of illness at the headquarters of the Commandant
Osaka Castle
. For this reason, Tokugawa Keiki ordered the suspension of the war of conquest of Changzhou.
[17]
Tokugawa Qing xi to no good impression Tokugawa home MAO had left a will, designated "imperial two ministers" in
Tian A Tokugawa home
Kanosuke to be his successor. But at this time, turtle help is only 3 years old, at this time of internal superiority and foreign aggression, it is obviously difficult to shoulder the heavy responsibility. Helpless, curtain pavilion can only seek the support of the daimyo, proposed to support a bridge Keiki. Ichihashi Keiki initial perseverance is not. After the conditions for the reform of the corrupt government were met, he changed his name to Tokugawa Keiki on December 5, 1866, and officially took office as the 15th general of the Shogun.
After Tokugawa Keiki succeeded to the general, in order to get out of the predicament, under the guidance of French Minister Rochelle, major reforms were carried out on the shogun administration: 1. Military abolition of the old system and recruitment
Peasant
,
citizen
The formation of new infantry; The French military cadets were hired, officers' schools were opened, and modern times were established
A standing army
. In addition to
aiji
The mines of (present-day Hokkaido) borrowed $6 million from France as collateral for the purchase of warships and weapons. 2. Political reform
Lao Zhong
System, divided into the shogunate for domestic affairs, accounting, foreign affairs, army, navy five bureau, each Lao Lao in charge of one, by the chief Lao Lao in charge of national affairs, in order to establish a centralized bureaucratic government institutions. 3. Economically established with France
Jointly run
The company, build
railway
To develop mines and impose new taxes. These reforms were not fully implemented due to the shogunate's rapid collapse, but most of them were adopted by the subsequent Meiji government, which partly reflects the demands of The Times.
[18]
But at this time, the shogunate system had already fallen ill into paste blindness, and there was no way to return to heaven.
Ryoma Sakamoto
In order to reconcile the simmering tensions between the shogunate and the inverted shogunate, Lord Tosa
Yoshinobu Yamauchi
And his cronies
Goto like Jiro
As the representative of the compromise faction, proposed a "counterpoint to the armed curtain"
Great government will be restored
"The program. The originator of the idea of "big government return" is actually
Ryoma Sakamoto
. In June 1867, Sakamoto proposed to Goto eight basic guidelines for the establishment of a new state, namely,"
Eight strategies in the ship
". "Great government and return" is the first of the "eight policies in the ship". Goto took over this plan and then added his own ideas, advocating that the shogun return the existing ruling power to the emperor in name, and set up a "daimyo council" under the emperor with the general as the speaker to control the real power. Take the Meeting of the Daimyo
The House of Lords
Also selected from various vassals
A man of insight
Make up
House of Commons
To run state affairs in a parliamentary form similar to that of Europe and the United States. Yamauchi appreciated this, that both can promote Tokugawa Qing Xi to return the regime, but also to save it from the crisis, can be called the good and the good. In the view of Tokugawa Qing Xi, the current two-dollar regime of the curtain dynasty, his own chief chambers, control power, is also a good strategy. At this time, the inverted curtain school was also in full preparation. In September of the third year of Qingying (1867), the two vassals of Sa and Chang signed a joint military alliance. Post Art state (today
Hiroshima
) Join in. Early in the morning of October 14, Iwakura Yoshi in the name of the emperor to the Sa, Chang two Han issued a "treasure slaughter thief I Qing Xi" "to discuss the curtain secret".
[20]
Tokugawa Keiki fled to Edo
On December 10, Matsudaira Harutaka and others arrived at the general's garrison
Nijojo
To Tokugawa Qing Xi conveyed the decision of the small imperial meeting. Tokugawa Qing Xi in the city to shake the hearts of the ground, said cant receive. That night, the advance troops of the Nagasu Han marched into Kyoto, and the inverted curtain faction gained momentum. On the 13th, Tokugawa Keiki left Kyoto, which was already in a disadvantageous position, and retreated to Kyoto
Osaka Castle
. At the request of France, Tokugawa Keiki also made diplomatic arrangements to declare to Britain, France and other six countries that they would abide by the treaty signed, in an attempt to make foreign countries recognize the legitimacy of the shogunate regime. At the same time, he also wrote to the court, calling himself "positive" and calling the inverted curtain group "rape", requiring the emperor to "Qing Junside". Represented by Yamauchi Toshinobu
gongwu
Pai is also active, forcing Iwakura to back down. The tide seems to have turned again.
[22]
Before that, in order to completely overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate, the inverted curtain group had sent ronin into Edo, disturbing the order, in order to force the other side to take the lead in provoking the war. Dozens of people gathered at the Edo Satsuma mansion, attacking the rich homes, robbing money, and spreading rumors. On December 25, the Tokugawa shogunate finally set fire to the Satsuma Mansion. When the news reached Osaka, the shogunate's troops were energized and eager to fight. Under the impetus of this situation, Tokugawa Keiki issued the "Toksa Table" on January 1, the first year of the Meiji Period (1868). On the 3rd, to
Aizu
The shogunate forces spearheaded by the Sakina and Sakina prefectures attacked Kyoto from Osaka, along with the inverted Shogunate forces led by the Satsuma and Nagasu prefectures in the southern suburbs of Kyoto
Toba
,
Fushimi
Meeting, the two sides engaged in a fierce battle. After three days of bloody fighting, the 15,000 men of the shogunate army were routed. Tokugawa Qing Xi heard the defeat after the bold battle in the end, in 6 day and night with a few people hidden out of Osaka city, hurried by the "Kaiyang maru" warship from the sea to Edo.
[23]
Tokugawa Keiki after his abdication
Although Tokugawa Keiki surrendered, the resistance of the former Tokugawa shogunate faction did not stop. It was not until February of Meiji Year (1869) that
Enomoto Wu Yang
In Hokkaido
Five-edged wall
The city was captured and the fighting ended. In September of that year, Keiki's "prudent" punishment was lifted and she began her forty-four years of seclusion in Shizuoka.
[25]
After retiring as a general, Tokugawa Keiki's interest in political activities decreased significantly, and even some of his former ministers served in the new government.
Eiichi Shibusawa
Other than to try to avoid suspicion and not to meet. Instead, he indulges in interesting life such as photography, hunting and folk song research. He has a certain place in the history of photography in Japan. During this period, Qingxi was relatively comfortable in life and had ten men and eleven women with his side room. Tokchon
Sumya
The family is supervised by his adopted son
Tokugawa Ieida
Tian An home turtle help to take over.
In 1897, he returned from Shizuoka to live in Tokyo. He went the following year
The Imperial Palace
before
Edo Castle
)
Go on a pilgrimage
Meiji Emperor
Before that, because he was influenced by the king doctrine prevalent in Mito Han since childhood, he considered himself to be
A rogue minister is a thief
Therefore, he had no intention of meeting the emperor. In the 35th year of Meiji (1902), according to the will of Emperor Meiji, Keiki was separated from the Tokugawa family and set up his own family, ranking among the Chinese, and was awarded the title of Duke and the Order of the Rising Sun.
[7]
He died of pneumonia in 1913 at the age of 77.
-
Great government will be restored
Great government will be restored
-
No blood Kaesong
The shogunate troops are
Battle of Toba and Fushimi
After the defeat, Tokugawa Keiki fled back to Edo, and the Tokugawa shogunate was divided into "deferential" and "war" factions. Tokugawa Keiki finally accepted the propositions of the deferential faction and dismissed the French military instructor Cherdovan, who supported the "main war faction" to win French aid for a decisive war. Appointing the founder of Japan's modern navy advocated "absolute deference"
Katsukai Boat
President of the Army, presiding over the affairs of the shogunate.
[26]
On March 14, the shogunate's deference faction finally reached an agreement with the official army on Edo's "blooless Kaesong", which stipulated that the shogunate surrendered its warships and all its weapons, and Tokugawa Keiki went to Mito "discreetly" (confinement) and let Taa Kaminosuke (later renamed
Tokugawa Ieida
Inherit the Tokugawa family, still give Shizuoka land 700,000 stone. At this point, the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for more than 260 years, died in name and in fact.
[27]
Samurai at the end of curtain
On July 18, 1866, Tokugawa Keiki launched the Second Commando War on the pretext of a rebellion by the Choshu Empire and private contacts with foreign countries. However, the second battle against the shogunate of the Nagasu Prefecture was not assured of victory.
[28]
The Tokugawa shogunate assembled a force of 30 vassals and, under the cover of four warships, captured Oshima Prefecture in an attempt to advance through the mountain pass. On the 23rd, Takasugi led the battleship to repel the Tokugawa Shogunate Navy and recaptured Oshima Prefecture on the 27th. In the meantime,
Inoue Kaoru
He led the Chang Zhou Han Army to defeat the main force of the Shogunate army and capture Yizhou;
Masjiro Omura
At the Battle of Ishinoku, the Nagasu forces captured Hamada Castle in one fell swath. On the 28th, Takasugi Shinaku,
Yutomo Yamamoto
He led the main force of the Nagasu Han army to attack the shogunate army of Ogura Han, and occupied Ogura Castle after several fierce battles. August 29, Tokugawa Shogun
Tokugawa Ishigeru
Died of disease. Tokugawa Keiki saw that the defeat was certain, so he retired under the name of "the death of the general", and ordered an armistice in the name of the emperor on 29 September. Two conquests of the Changzhou clan came to nothing.
After the black ship came to sail, the voice of respecting the king was very loud, and the court also supported the revolt. Tokugawa Keiki was not impressed by the court's order, and even planned to go to Kyoto to persuade the court, but was stopped by Matsudhira Spring Yue, president of the political affairs. After the Anglo-Saxon War, Satsuma Tsuhisamitsu realized that with his current strength, it was impossible to fight the Barbarian. Taking this war as an opportunity, Satsuma switched to the policy of approaching Britain and advocated founding the kingdom. Around the question of founding the country or locking up the country, "participating in the conference" launched a fierce debate. Shimadzu Jiuguang and others advocated the founding of the country, belongs to the majority, Tokugawa Keishi increasingly inclined to lock the country.
-
Konosuke Matsushita Tokugawa Keiki's broad mind and outstanding strategies are worth learning from every leader.
-
Kazuo Inamori He (Tokugawa Keiki) implemented institutional reforms that even today seem extremely new and radical.
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Chinese scholar Zhou Weihong Tokugawa Keiki presided over the Keio reform, in the political, diplomatic, military and economic aspects have received great results. But in essence, it was still a feudal reform. ... Tokugawa Keiki's highest ideal was to establish a centralized feudal monarchy. These reforms are far from achieving the role of active founding of the country, knowledge and business development and development of capitalism. [29]
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Liu Tianchun, Japanese historian: Tokugawa Keiki worked hard to revive the rule of the shogunate. Although he exhausted all his efforts to save his corrupt feudal rule, he implemented various reactionary domestic and foreign policies; However, because his behavior was against the historical trend, he finally gave up Edo City, protected his personal life, and went into exile, which ended his political life. [30]
Tokugawa Keiki
He had a driver's license during the Meiji period
Shizuoka
When Nei was driving a car, there was a collision in front of Buckwheat House.
Like photography, but not good skills. Although it has been submitted to photo magazines repeatedly, it has not been adopted. The friend who has the same interest in life with him is Qingxi's half-brother Zhao Wu.
On December 3, 1855, Tokugawa Keiki married Mika (renamed Mikako after the Reformation).
[7]
The eldest daughter between him and Miga (the eldest daughter of the Arakuwon Temple Water shadow) was born on July 16, 1858, and died on July 20, 1858. After that, there were no more children born with Mika, and a total of 10 boys and 11 girls were born during the Meiji period, all of which were born between the two side rooms. Offspring in succession
Tokugawa Keiki
Duke seven men Qing long, Sheng Hai Zhou son-in-law adopted son ten men, become Fu see palace Bo Gong princess nine women by son. His children include Tokugawa Keimitsu and Takamatsu Princess Kihisako.
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Main Room: Mica Mika (renamed Mica Ko after the Restoration) (daughter of Imadekawa Kohisa, adopted daughter of Mica Tadaka, Tenbo July 19, 2006 - July 9, Meiji 27)
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Side room: Shimura Nobuu (daughter of Masataka Matsudaira, adopted daughter of Masao Shimura, died on February 8, Meiji 38)
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Concubine: Yoshi (daughter of Tatsungoro Shinkomon)
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Nago: Keiji (June 29, Meiji 4 - May 22, Meiji 5, Shimura Nobuyuko)
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Eldest daughter: Mirror (married Tokugawa Tatsutaka as his wife on March 23, Meiji 20, daughter of Nobubu Shimura from June 2, Meiji 6 to September 29, Meiji 26)
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Three daughters: Tetsuko (married Tokugawa Tatamichi on December 30, Meiji 23, October 27, Meiji 8 - December 10, Taisho 10, son of Shinamura Nobuyuki)
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Five men: Ikeda Nakahiro (became adopted son of Ikeda Keichi on February 25, Meiji 23, August 28, Meiji 10 - January 1, Showa 23, son of Shinamura Nobuyuki)
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Six men: Qi (August 17, Meiji 11 - November 28, Meiji 11, son of Shinamura Nobuyuki)
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Six women: Ryoko (August 24, Meiji 13 - September 29, Meiji 13, Shimura Nobuyuko)
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Nine women: Keiko (Married Princess Hirokyo Fushimi on January 9, 30 Meiji, September 23, Meiji 15 - August 18, Showa 14, son of Shinamura Nobuchi)
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Seven Men: Tokugawa Keihisa (September 2, Meiji 17 - January 22, Taisho 11, son of Shinamura Nobuyuki)
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Eleven daughters: Eiko (married to Tokugawa Kunshun on April 29, Meiji 44, March 22, Meiji 20 - July 5, Taisho 13, son of Shinamura Nobushi)
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Ten men: Katsuki (adopted son of Katsukai Shuicho on January 20, Meiji 32, adopted son of Shinamura Nobuyuki from August 23, Meiji 21 to July 10, Showa 7)
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Yuki Nakane (Nakane Yoshizaburo's eldest daughter, Taisho died on December 29, 4)
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Tsutomo: Good Deeds (September 8, Meiji 4 - March 10, Meiji 5, son of Yuki Nakone)
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Three men: Takuma (October 5, Meiji 5 - July 5, Meiji 6, son of Yuki Nakane)
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Four men: Tokugawa Atsu (February 21, Meiji 7 - June 12, Showa 5, son of Yuki Nakone)
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Second daughter: Kaneko (April 3, Meiji 8 - July 22, Meiji 8, daughter of Yuki Nakane)
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Four women: Pen Ko (Married on December 26, Meiji 28, married to Masayoshi Horisu as his wife, Meiji 9 July 17 - Meiji 40 November 30, Nakane's daughter)
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Five daughters: Shuko (August 17, Meiji 11 - October 8, Meiji 11, daughter of Yuki Nakane)
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Seven daughters: Prodigal son (Married to Matsuhira as his wife on December 7, Meiji 28, September 17, Meiji 13 - January 13, Showa 29, daughter of Yuki Nakone)
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Hachiko: Kokuko (Married to Ochi Keiko on May 7, Meiji 34, January 23, Meiji 15 - September 11, Showa 17, daughter of Yuki Nakone)
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Ten daughters: Shoko (married to Shiko Takashi Ai on 19 May 39, Meiji, 18 September 16, Meiji - 11 October 28, Showa, daughter of Yuki Nakone)
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Stillborn: Male (stillborn on August 22, Meiji 17, son of Yuki Nakane)
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Hachio: Nin (September 22, Meiji 18 - July 2, Meiji 19, son of Yuki Nakone)
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Nine men: Tokugawa Makoto (October 31, Meiji 20 - November 11, Showa 43, son of Yuki Nakone)
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Stillborn: Female (stillborn on June 2, Meiji 24, daughter of Yuki Nakane
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The Last Shogun: Tokugawa Keiki (Ryotaro Sima)
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Tokugawa Keiki (Shohachi Yamaoka)
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type
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Specific information
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movie
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The Tokugawa Clan Is Falling Apart (1980, Hiraikan Jiro)
"By God" (2007, wife and husband Satoshi)
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NHK River Drama
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Other TV series
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Ryuma Is Coming (1982, TV Tokyo New Spring Period drama, Kenji)
"White Tiger Team" (1986, NTV Year-end Period Drama, Ishida Nobuyuki)
"The Life of Flowers" (1988, TV Tokyo Spring Period drama, Ikebana Ikuo)
Five Edges (1988, NTV Year-end Period Drama, Ishida Nobuyuki)
"Katsukai Boat" (1990, NTV Year-end Period Drama, Masahiko Tsugawa)
"またも resignation めたか The name of the end of the main Hall Curtain of the pavilion by Oguri Ueno Suke" (2003, NHK Janyuki Era Drama, Byuruma Yutetsu)
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