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Huang Shaohong

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One of the three giants of the new Guangxi Department
Huang Shaohong (December 1, 1895 - August 31, 1966), styled Ji Kuan, New GUI system One of the Big Three, good at political strategy, former party representative of the 7th Army, President of Guangxi Province, commander of the 15th Army, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province President, Minister of the interior. He is the one who integrated the new GUI system Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) He himself is not confined to Guangxi, and he sidestepped the temple, creating a broad political space for the new Guangxi department. Li Zongren Be in office Pres. It was the height of his political career. On the occasion of peace talks in 1949, he used his strategy again, and finally failed to save the ruin of the new Guangxi dynasty. He committed suicide in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution. [1]
eigenname
Huang Shaohong
word
Ji Kuan [3]
Ethnic group
The Han nationality
Place of Birth
Guangxi Province Wuzhou Prefecture Rong County (now Yulin ) [2]
Date of birth
December 1st, 1895
Date of death
August 31, 1966
Major work
Fifty Stories [25]
Major achievement
One of the three heroes of the Guangxi department
Founder of Guangxi University
Graduate School
Baoding Army Academy
duty
Chairman of Guangxi, Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces
Military rank
The rank of general was added to the National Revolutionary Army

catalogue

  1. 1profile
  2. 2biography
  3. ▪Young people in Rong County
  4. ▪Li Huang cooperation
  5. ▪Governors of Guangxi
  6. ▪Opportunity to advance and retreat
  1. ▪Anti-Japanese War in North China
  2. ▪Have been in charge for eight years
  3. ▪Three jay again
  4. ▪Lord and representative
  5. ▪Later life
  6. 3Family member
  1. 4Major honor
  2. 5Character memorial
  3. 6Character evaluation

profile

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EDITOR
Huang Shaohong (1895 ~ 1966) with the character Ji Kuan. Army lieutenant general plus will rank, Guangxi Rong county people. Xinhai Revolution When he joined the Guangxi Student Army northern Expedition death squad. In 1916, Baoding Army Officers Academy graduated from the third infantry division. Be appointed as GUI Jun Platoon commander of Model Battalion, General commander of the West Road Army, Seventh Army of the National Revolutionary Army Representative of the Kuomintang. After 1927, he served as the chairman of the Guangxi Province Government and the commander of the Guangxi Army, the Minister of Interior of the National Government, the chairman of Zhejiang Province and the chairman of Hubei Province. During the War of Resistance against Japan, he successively served as the chief of operations of the Military Committee, Second zone Deputy commander, Sir. The National Government was appointed in 1947 Board of Supervisors Vice President, legislator. In 1949, as a member of the peace negotiation delegation of the National Government, he went to Beiping to participate in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After the breakdown of negotiations, he went to Hong Kong, issued a statement to break away from the Kuomintang, and attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served successively Government Administration Council Political councillor, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, member of the National Committee of the CPPCC, member of the Central Committee of the Democratic Revolution Committee level. [3]

biography

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EDITOR

Young people in Rong County

Huang Shaohong, The Republic of China Famous patriotic general, One of the three giants of the new Guangxi department, the founder of the new Guangxi department. [44] He was born on December 1, 1895 (October 15th of the lunar calendar) Rong County A mile (now Licun Town ) Shan Sui Village. His family is a prominent family in Rong County, Father Huang Yuliang for A surname . [8] In 1901, Huang Yuliang hired a famous teacher from Guangzhou to teach the children of Shancai Village, and set up a school in his own "Wansongshan House" and became the director. Huang Yuliang specially for Shao Hong choose generous and peaceful tutor enlightenment, lenient and moderate to his superintendency. Huang Yuliang said: "Children should not start reading too early, nor should they be too strict. Too early to be strict is easy to hurt the body and mind. Lose personality, grow up will be nothing. He should wait until he is a little older and more enlightened, and then he can get twice the result with half the effort with good guidance as he pleases." Huang Shaohong initiate In the last two or three years, he only read a few three-character sutras and a history book, and the rest of the sutras were considered useless by his father, especially not suitable for children's psychology, and he did not force him to read them. The young Huang Shaohong was very naughty. Often play games in class, make the teacher laugh and cry. He liked to work with knives and axes, which often hurt him, but his father only taught him how to use them properly and did not stop him from using them. He likes swimming, Go hunting And climbing trees to pick fruit, climbing the top of the tree to dig birds' nests, etc., although the danger repeatedly encountered, but the father also only gave a reminder, so that he knew to beware, not because of the chance danger and permanent ban. He was the bravest and most authoritative of all the children in the village. In 1903, Huang Shaohong enrolled in Lishancui Primary School. In 1908, Guilin Army Primary School enrollment. He very much wanted to apply for the exam, but his father thought he was too young and physically small to allow it. Huang Shaohong went to the will very firm, for this cry for a day, and did not eat, the father had to agree. Huang Shaohong and four elder brother choice in the second brother Shaoyan carry down Guilin He first studied in Deize Higher Primary School and was admitted to Guilin Army Primary School in the spring of 1910. Huang Shaohong in the land small hearing and seeing are the new army figures in Guilin at that time. March 29, 1911 Guangzhou uprising The news of the 72 martyrs came, and he and other young students were very shaken, so they and fellow townsmen Xia Wei Such people form small groups, meet regularly to discuss major events, and decide to go to the summer vacation Canton Bay shipment ordnance Because the father found to stop and failed. In October, the outbreak of the Wuchang uprising, Lu students organized a death squad with the army to the north expedition, Huang Shaohong participated in and served as a monitor, and then entered the second preparatory school of the Army, in 1915 promoted to the third Baoding Military Academy, learning infantry.

Li Huang cooperation

After graduation in the winter of 1916, he returned to Guangxi Army Lu Rongting Platoon commander of the 1st Division of the Ministry. In the summer of 1917, the Guangxi authorities ordered Ma Xiaojun For the battalion commander to set up the army model camp, Huang Shaohong in the battalion, the next year promoted company commander. Ma Xiaojun was appointed in 1921 Tenan Guard commander, the model battalion and other departments into 4 battalions, Huang Shaohong as the first battalion commander, and was sent to Donlan He was praised for his outstanding achievements in fighting bandits. Then he led his men back Bose The leader of the army was scattered because of the disparity in strength Liu Rifu Disarm, Liu Rifu intended to shoot him, he had to smoke to help head Liu Yuchen dredging and escape. Since then, Ma Xiaojun part for two leaders, Huang Shaohong as the first leader. Soon after the second commander Bai Chongxi Foot injury, all for Huang Shaohong one command. Huang Shaohong was ordered to garrison Nanning, and then turned to Lingshan, Ma Xiaojun to Beihai , Guangzhou. Huang Shaohong heard that Ma Xiaojun did not come back to Guangzhou, he changed the "horse" word military flag to "yellow" word military flag, and planned to lead the department back home Rong County Take a break. stopover Yulin The 3rd Road commander of the Guangdong-Guangxi Border Defense Army (later called himself the 2nd Road commander of the Guangxi Autonomous Army) Li Zongren Asked him to lead the team, [17] Cornered Huang Shaohong immediately decided to "bring capital to buy shares", thus changing the fate of his life. Also rewrote a Guangxi The Republic of China History.
In February 1923, Huang Shaohong wanted to take advantage of the political turmoil in Guangdong and Guangxi to develop outwards. Logically, he dragged the troops, ordinary people can not tolerate, but Li Zongren magnanimous Agreed to Huang Shaohong's request, parting also said that if the failure, welcome back. Make Li Zongren unexpected is, Huang Shaohong led to Wuzhou, but suddenly dragged away his two battalions. Li Zongren was furious, and his subordinates were also furious, and they all rubbed their hands and strongly demanded that heavy troops be sent to recover. Li Zongren calmed down, sighed, and said magnanimously: "Pull away, pull away, at least it is a brother, if you fight, both sides will be hurt, let Shen Hongying sit down. Fisherman's profit It's not worth it. Besides, it is better to meet Ji Kuan (Huang Shaohong) in the future, so as not to become bitter enemies." This move. Huang Shaohong was greatly impressed touch This convinced him to act as Li Zongren in the future brainpower And sat on the second chair of the Guangxi department, buried the foreshadowing. From then on, he said to everyone that Li Zongren was "generous and magnanimous, and there are people who are beyond human reach, which really makes me very grateful." Huang Shaohong that led the soldiers to Wuzhou Under the cover of the Yue army, he conquered the 8th brigade commander of the GUI Army in Wuzhou Feng Baochu And occupy Wuzhou. Set up the Guangxi Thief Army Commander in chief The department was expanded into three regiments.
He joined the Guangxi Warlord in May 1924 Lu Rongting , Shim Hongyoung At war, with Li Zongren , Bai Chongxi The ministry of joint operations, take the joint Shen to attack the land, and then destroy each Shen The strategy of defeat, [27] Occupied in June Nanning Storm and capture Provincial capital Nanning. Li Zongren's Dinggui army and Huang Shaohong's thieving army formed the Dinggui Thieving Coalition. [19] Li and Huang were divided into chief and deputy commanders, and in February of the following year, the Allied forces of Dinggui defeated Shen Hongying, Lu Rongting's department occupied Guilin; [43] In July, the forces of Guangxi and Yunnan were repelled Tang Jiyao Longyun Ministry to achieve the unification of Guangxi. In September 1925, Huang Shaohong became the "Chief of Civil Affairs of Guangxi" (that is, the governor). From then on, become New GUI system One of the leaders. In November 1924, he went to Guangzhou for negotiations as Li Zongren's representative Guangdong and Guangxi provinces Unification matters. [15] In March 1926, the Guangxi Army was reorganized by the Guangzhou National Government 7th Army of the National Revolutionary Army Li Zongren as military commander, Huang Shaohong as party representative. In June of the same year, Huang Shaohong became chairman of the Kuomintang's Guangdong Provincial Conference. [4] In May 1927, the government of Guangxi Province was changed to a committee system, and Huang Shaohong became the chairman of the government and director of the Military Department.

Governors of Guangxi

Huang Shaohong, governor of Guangxi
In late June 1926, Li Zongren Led the army from Guilin to Hunan (Province) Set out for Northern expedition Huang Shaohong stays Guangxi Committed to the construction of Guangxi. In terms of county administration, in March 1927, the Guangxi local administrative personnel training Institute was established, and he was the director of the institute to recruit students for discipline and training Administrative staff . In October, the County head Examination Committee was established, and he was the chairman of the committee, with the heads of the departments as members, and a county head examination was conducted. At this time, there were still many places in Guangxi without counties, and Huang Shaohong ordered the establishment of Xincheng Chieftaincy in early 1928 Xincheng county Prince, Angan, and three lower Lei, juxtaposing Leipin County, Shanglong and Jinlongdong two toast, juxtaposing Shangjin County. In September, the Village Administration College was founded in Guilin Liangfeng, and the grass-roots cadres of county administration were cultivated. Educational work is a particularly significant aspect of Huang Shaohong's achievements at this time. First, in May 1928, the governor of Yao Miao county in the province was ordered to refer to the plan of Ouyang Zhongge, the former governor of Qingping Yue, to establish Yao schools, so that Yao Miao children could be educated, and this work received remarkable results. The second is to hold the province's first education conference and decide to double the province's land tax and use it as education funds. At this time, the land is relatively light, and the people also think that education is important, so they all agree with it.
In particular, Huang Shaohong presided over the establishment at this time Guangxi University . In the winter of 1927, Huang Shaohong proposed to establish Guangxi University at the provincial government meeting. Some people think that Guangxi's secondary education is not yet developed, it seems inappropriate to run a university. However, Huang Shaohong thinks that the absence of a university in a province is always a shortcoming to take the responsibility of promoting culture as a leader. [22] At that time, students in Guangxi wanted to enter collegiate It is neither economical nor decent to go to Guangdong or Beiping or Shanghai. Therefore, Huang Shaohong decided to set up the Preparatory Committee for Guangxi University, regardless of others' opinions. He was appointed as the chairman of the committee and appointed the heads of the departments of education, finance and construction, as well as famous people from Guangxi and outside the province as members. The provincial government will allocate 1 million yuan for the construction cost and 500,000 yuan for the equipment cost. The school site is located in Wuzhou Triangle Mouth of the butterfly mountain, because of the convenient transportation here, the provincial students can go down the river, foreign professors can also go back Xijiang River And direct (here is also the landing site of Huang Shaohong invading Wuzhou). In March 1928, Huang Shaohong personally went to Wuzhou to hold a foundation laying ceremony... By September, most of the construction had been completed and was hired Ma Junwu The Doctor is the principal, Panzhu The master is the vice president, and the opening ceremony will be held on September 13. More than 280 students are enrolled in the first phase, which is divided into the College of agriculture, the College of Technology and the college of mining and metallurgy. After the war of Resistance, part of the school was blown up by enemy aircraft and was moved separately Guilin , Liuzhou , and changed from the province to state-run . Whenever Huang Shaohong went to Guilin, the school invited him to give a speech.
In terms of transportation, municipal and industrial construction, Huang Shaohong took Wu Tingyang as the director of the Construction Department to take charge of specific work, and the results were impressive. Lu Rongting, Tan Haoming the Old osmanthus In the era of Guangxi, the road only Nanning to Wu Ming More than 50 kilometers and Long Chau to Zhennan Pass More than 50 kilometers. Huang Shaohong grasped the construction of Guangxi first from the development of traffic, formulated the construction of the province's highway network plan, and then vigorously implemented. In just two years from 1928 to 1929, more than 5,000 miles of roads were built and opened to traffic in the province, more than any province in the country during the same period. In terms of municipal construction, focus on Wuzhou, Liuzhou The reconstruction and expansion of the old cities of Nanning and Guilin have made the streets of the four cities suddenly wide and neat, straight and cool. No province could compare then. In terms of industry, 70 factories of a certain size have been established. The most outstanding achievement in agriculture is the cultivation of tung trees. Huang Shaohong ordered each person in the province to plant 10 trees a year, and was listed as one of the county chief's assessment results. All civil servants in the province must practice, and a civil servant farm has been set up in Nanning.
Huang Shaohong gave Longyun (word Zhidan) signature photos
In terms of finance and taxation, Huang Shaohong's outstanding achievements are to sort out the fiscal policy, set up a tobacco monopoly, and collect fire oil tax. The main contents of the policy for fiscal consolidation are as follows: the principle of balance between expenditure and expenditure is adopted, that is, the government cannot carry out various projects without new expenditures, and the sources of such new expenditures must also take into account the people's ability to bear the burden and the limits of income; Implement provincial one-time taxation, abolish double tax cards, and stop double taxation; To abolish the income of the people harmed by improper and disreputable acts; Implement monopoly and protection tax. In the implementation of the monopoly protection tax, the first step is to start with paper cigarettes, and all imported paper cigarettes will be paid to the government with a monopoly stamp of 70% of the original price, and then handed over to the tobacco merchants for distribution. The British and American tobacco companies were dissatisfied, and sent representatives to question Huang Shaohong, and said that their cigarettes had been taxed in Shanghai and could not pay the second heavy tax. Huang Shaohong said: "Cigarette monopoly, all countries have this law, even if there is no precedent, I think this is a reasonable financial measure, we should do so; You pay Shanghai tax, I pay Guangxi tax tax " The British and American tobacco companies could do nothing about Huang Shaohong's almost unreasonable attitude and had to withdraw of their own free will. Huang Shaohong then set up a cigarette factory in Guangxi, producing two brands of cigarettes, and simply changed the protection tax on paper cigarettes. In the tax on fire oil, foreign oil companies also protested against Huang Shaohong and asked the government to order a stop, Huang Shaohong still ignored, only reduced the tax rate by half. In recalling this incident, Huang Shaohong wrote: "The two victories in negotiations with foreign merchants were not only the result of my insolence, but also because of the wave of strikes in Hong Kong at that time. Hankou In case of surrender of British rent, British Empire I made concessions to the Chinese revolutionary government, so I "steered according to the wind," gave them a hard job, and won the victory. This shows that a country's diplomacy really needs the support of its people and national strength."
From 1926 to the beginning of 1927, Huang Shaohong was also close to the Communist Party. Recalling the relationship with Communist comrades at this time, Huang Shaohong wrote: "At that time, under the three major policies of 'alliance with Russia, union with the Communist Party, and assistance to farmers and workers', all the staff were still very dear comrades. Although I know that many of them are red friends, I do not feel any unease at the moment ", "My attitude in Guangxi, towards people, no matter Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) The comrades are good, The Communist Party I am as close as any of my comrades. No research into his background at all, other than his own public admission. As long as it is reasonable and practicable, I will also adopt any suggestion from anyone. Therefore, the CCP members, who have a lot of inside information about them, are willing to tell me." In March 1927, Huang Shaohong presided over the second meeting Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) The provincial Congress. Huang Shaohong, Huang Xuchu, Wootingyang , Panzhu Eleven people were elected as executive members, and Huang Shaohong, Huang Xuchu and Pan Zhuqi were also promoted as ministers of training, Workers and youth, respectively. This meeting made an important plan: to double the province's land tax, as education funds, the whole province is more supportive.

Opportunity to advance and retreat

On April 2, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek held a secret anti-Communist meeting in Shanghai, attended by Huang Shaohong, Li Jishen, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and others. He was the second speaker after Li Jishen to introduce the Youjiang peasant movement led by Wei Pequn, and said that it was very easy to suppress, because he was concerned about those fellow Communists in the central Committee. The party must be purged and anti-communist as soon as possible. A few days later, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" coup d 'etat, in which a large number of Communists were killed.
In mid-April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek invited Huang Shaohong and Li Zongren to wait for Nanjing. At this time, the 7th Army was stationed Wuhu Nearby, Huang Shaohong is the representative of the army party, Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren all hope that he will speak to the army and stabilize the army. Huang Shaohong then took a special turn to Wuhu, met with Xia Wei and other officers above the regiment camp, and expressed his sympathy to them. After clearing the Party, Chiang Kai-shek held a special meeting of the Central Committee in Nanjing and decided to set up the Central Party headquarters and the national government in Nanjing, and made Nanjing the capital, forming a political opposition to Wang Jingwei, the national government of Wuhan. Huang Shaohong attended the meeting.
He was appointed to the Central Committee in May 1927 Political conference Member of Guangzhou Political Branch. On 6 July, he was appointed Special member of the Military Commission. On July 15, Wang Jingwei carried out a party purge in Wuhan. Of the 4th Army Ye Ting 24th Army He Long He broke with the nationalist government of Wang Jingwei and marched to Guangdong after the Nanchang uprising. Appointed member of the National Government in September. In the same year, he was appointed deputy of the Eighth Route Army at the request of Li Jishen Commander in chief The 15th Army was formed, and in September it served as the 15th Army Army commander Chairman of KMT Guangzhou Political Branch Li Jishen Order, command Huang Xuchu , Lv Huanyan Two divisions to meet, Guangxi rear only left Wootingyang Teacher. As a result, the troops of Ye Ting and He Long were forced to move on to Fujian. When Huang Shaohong met Zhu De in 1949, Zhu De He said to him, "We fought very hard with your army at the battle of Gyomon Hill."
Portrait of Huang Shaohong
In October 1927, Wang Jingwei, who was in charge of the Wuhan National Government, sent a telegram to Huang Shaohong Guangzhou Prepare to plot against him. Huang Shaohong because of the informants, disguised and fled to Hong Kong and survived. In December, the ministry and Chen Mingshu Xu Jingtang defeated Zhang Fakui and occupied Guangzhou. At the time of the conference, he argued that the order should be given because, despite Chiang Kai-shek's selfish intentions, he still had the name of the Central Committee. Moreover, the development of the Guangxi system was too fast, and it was time to rectify and shrink, he advocated abandoning Beiping and Wuhan when necessary, and shrinking the main force to Guangdong-han railway On the line, this advance can be offensive retreat can be defended, but his proposition was opposed by the Hubei upstart he promoted, that this is since the chaos, the Guangxi department is not afraid to play.
Results In the spring of 1929, acting chairman of Wuhan Political branch Hu Zongduo and Tao Jun Hastily dismissed the chairman of Hunan Province rudipine The post caused the outbreak of the war between Chiang and GUI in March, Li Zongren Bai Chongxi's army disintegrated without war, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi were forced to flee to Hong Kong, and then turned to Huang Shaohong's hometown Rong County, convened New GUI system The only remaining army, Huang Shaohong's important cadres of the left-behind troops study countermeasures. He is very sad about this failure, and believes that it is the result of strategic and political failure. Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram, to Huang Shaohong Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi solution to Nanjing, waiting for investigation. The Guangxi Army was reduced to one division and one brigade, and the remaining weapons were handed over to the central Government. Finally, the telegram stressed that Huang Shaohong will handle the above important tasks after being appointed deputy director of the Guangzhou-Guangxi deployment area. Under the strong pressure of Chiang Kai-shek, he was determined to resist, but he also fantasized about the unity of Guangdong and Guangdong, but the red eye of Bai Chongxi advocated pre-emptive attack and sent troops to Guangdong. Fearing internal divisions, he put his troops under Bai Chongxi's command and held the rear position himself.
Zhang Fakui (first from left) and Huang Shaohong together during the Jiang-Guangxi War.
On May 5, the GUI Group accepted Wang Jingwei's banner of "protecting the Party and saving the country" and publicly declared to discuss Chiang. Chiang Kai-shek deployed 35 regiments of troops and fought with the rebels inside the GUI Yu Zuobo , Li Mingrui If you're on the same page, you're on the same page Four ways Attack Guilin and Wuzhou. Soon, except Bai Chongxi In the front line of north Guangxi defeated Jiang Jun, have gained, Guangxi southern line has been all open. This time, Huang Shaohong judged the situation and gave full play to his role as a think-tank. he Take one's time To arrange a "escape" scheme. He believed that Bai Chongxi held the north of Guibei and had little effect on the overall situation. The current situation is that the rebel generals Yu Zuobo and Li Mingrui occupy Guangxi, and the generation of Yu and Li do not have the talent of the economic strategy side, the future situation changes, Guangxi can still return to the hands of the three. When Li and Bai listened to his analysis, they were enlightened. The three decided to leave Guangxi and go to Hong Kong to watch the situation. The development of things did not come out of Huang Shaohong had expected, Chiang Kai-shek and Yu Zuobo, Li Mingrui soon had a contradiction. In October 1929, the two sides broke their faces and went to war. Yu Zuobo was no match and soon left his post and landed in Hong Kong. And Chiang Kai-shek appointed to preside over the military administration of Guangxi Lv Huanyan , Yang Tenghui Self-thought can not control the Guangxi political situation, two people happy to do a change of hand, immediately invited Li Zongren , Huang Shaohong, Bai Chongxi Go back to Guangxi and take charge. In November, Li, Huang and Bai returned to Guangxi and were reunited with Zhang Fakui United against Chiang Kai-shek in Guangxi formed the Party protection and national salvation Army, vice general Commanding officer Huang Shaohong, governor of Guangxi Province northcurrent Commanded the 15th Army, the fourth army and the Guangdong Army suffered heavy casualties in the decisive battle, some people blamed him for improper command, coupled with the news of his mother's death at this time, was a heavy blow.
Huang Shaohong and his wife CAI Fengzhen in Nanning, 1931
In April 1930, the "Interim Regulations on the Organization of Guangxi Militia Groups" was promulgated Nanning Set up the general headquarters of the militia, Huang and Bai were divided into chief and deputy commanders. Resist entry guangxi Guangdong and Yunnan armies. The province is divided into 12 districts, each district has a headquarters, a commander and a deputy commander each, and each county has a civilian headquarters, a commander and a deputy commander. Head of a county And commander. [35] The year 1930 In the spring The Central Plains War broke out, and the GUI Zhang Allied Army (the First Front Army) sent troops to Hunan to fight against Jiang's army, and he did not agree to give up Guangxi and enter the whole army Central Plains Therefore, the action was slow, because the Yellow Ministry did not occupy Hengyang on schedule, the GUI Zhang coalition was cut into two sections by the Yue army, and he did not advocate attack Hengyang To return to Guangxi, but at the insistence of Li, Bai participated in the siege of Hengyang, the result was a great defeat, the three people complained to each other, because the new Guangxi department against Chiang, repeated defeats, heavy losses. Huang Shaohong then had a relationship Chiang Kai-shek The idea of peace. He said: "We have been engaged in this for several years, and as a result, we have got such a situation that we cannot compete with Chiang Kai-shek for the world. I might as well take advantage of it osmanthus If we go out and get mixed up by our own means, we can certainly make a name for ourselves, or indirectly help the Guangxi Department." Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and others did not want to force others, so they agreed to let him leave. Before leaving, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi also convened a meeting of senior cadres of the new Guangxi Department. In his speech, Bai Chongxi said, "The Guangxi people will not surrender, not only now, but also even if the future environment is more difficult than the present." By working for the group, we mean making the group stronger, stronger, and more consolidated under the principle of non-surrender." Since Huang Shaohong left Guangxi, his place was replaced by Huang Xuchu, and became the new Li, Bai and Huang system. Huang Xuchu Re-elected chairman of Guangxi Province for 19 years, known as "Great Steward of the new Guangxi Department". [39]
Huang Shaohong later recounted his major turning point: "The reason why I left the Guangxi group this time is not because I broke down with the core members of the group or the conflict of interests and frustration." To tell the truth, I still love the group I have fought together, there is no want to destroy or use the psychology of the group, go to Nanjing mainly want to reconcile with the Guangxi group centre The conflict is to achieve my peace Advocate." Li Zongren He also said: "Huang's going here is not inconsistent with me, Li and Bai." So, February 1931 National government Huang Shaohong for Guangxi after the supervisor, want him back guangxi Tidy up the situation in Guangxi, he did not accept, and would rather go to Hong Kong. Personally speaking, Huang Shaohong turned to the political field from the decreasing interest in military, and engaged in politics from the warlord. During the period when Jiang Fu held important posts, his political ability grew day by day and his personal ability continued to glow. As far as the new GUI system is concerned, his departure not only eliminated the existing contradiction between the yellow and the white, but also played an important role in the conflict between Jiang and GUI because of his status as "in opposition" and "independent" and his status as an important official of the state government and his talent of "immediate response". In the same year, Li, Bai and Huang successively formulated and promulgated the Interim Regulations on the Prohibition of Opium Poppy Cultivation in Guangxi (January 1931), the Measures for the Implementation of the Prohibition of Opium Smoking in Guangxi Province (December 2, 1936), and the Outline of the Work on the Prohibition of opium smoking in Guangxi Province (June 30, 1937), which stipulated the prohibition of seed cultivation, the prohibition of opium smoking, and the prohibition of private trading of tobacco paste and tobacco soil by the end of the year Prohibit, [45] Measures for the County Governments and Police Departments of Guangxi to Report Smokers (June 30, 1937) and other regulations and laws.
Huang Shaohong, then Minister of the Interior, poses with Fu Zuoyi and Pang Bingxun in Suiyuan in 1933 [21]
In November 1931, Huang Shaohong was elected as an alternate member of the Central Supervisory Committee. In the spring of 1931 he was appointed Minister of the Interior, and in the spring of 1933 he became chief of staff of the Staff Committee of the Peking State Branch. In the summer of 1933, Inner Mongolia There was a movement for autonomy, and to stop secession, Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) The central government sent Huang Shaohong to comfort Inner Mongolia and initially solved the problem of Inner Mongolia's autonomy. Since then, Huang Shaohong was eager to explore Xinjiang. Chiang Kai-shek first supported him, but when he went to Lanzhou to prepare for the work, Chiang stopped him and asked him to return immediately Nanjing . Huang Shaohong in anger to Lushan mountain tour. In October 1934, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Huang Shaohong Chairman of Zhejiang Province, and Huang assumed his post on October 21. In January 1935, when Chiang Kai-shek went to Zhejiang, he saw a lot of large cigarette Billboard, personally sent a telegram to Huang Shaohong and Ningbo The Commissioner of Administrative Inspectors ordered them to ban cigarette advertisements and asked that these advertisements be replaced with New Life campaign propaganda as well home Agricultural products The advertisement. [38] In May, in order to alienate the new Guangxi system, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Huang Shaohong as superintendent of military affairs in Guangxi, appointed Li Zongren as a member of the Central Military Commission, and appointed Bai Chongxi as chairman of Zhejiang. Huang Shaohong determined not to take office, Li, white also refused. Huang Shaohong Chen Jiang, Jiang had to give up the plan. After Chiang and ready to solve the Guangxi army by force, and to Huang Shaohong as commander in chief of the expedition army, Huang Shaohong Chen should not be civil war opinion, Chiang had no choice but to accept Huang's opinion again peace talks. Huang Shaohong and Cheng Qian, A surname , Zhu Peide Such as mediation Jiang GUI dispute, Huang advised Li, Bai: "This dispute, has been more than a month, how enough is enough, in. brother Such a position, face, strength are full of thunder, but also can be said to win without a fight. Therefore, my brother advised my brother to wait and give up when he had a good rest, and there was no need to argue too much." On September 5, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek ordered a retreat Xijiang River Garrison, show peace first, make The Guangzhou-Guangdong Incident Finally a peaceful settlement. [34] At the end of November 1936, Huang Shaohong was transferred to the chairman of Hubei Province. Xi 'an Incident Shi advocated a peaceful solution and was sent to Taiyuan to ask Yan Xishan to telephone Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to release Chiang Kai-shek.

Anti-Japanese War in North China

In July 1937, War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression After the full outbreak, Huang Shaohong suddenly received a telegram from the chief of staff Cheng Qian, asking him to go to Nanjing immediately, originally, Chiang Kai-shek to appoint him as the first minister of the military Commission, in charge of operational planning and operational orders. And the relationship between the country and the nation's victory and defeat of the great justice, Huang Shaohong resolutely shouldered this responsibility, after being appointed, he completed the organization in a few days, and drew up the initial plan to the war against Japan to send Chiang Kai-shek.
Huang Shaohong during the Anti-Japanese War
After the Japanese army began the war, they pressed on Shanxi in North China. In order to secure North China's back to Shanxi and prevent the Japanese from advancing south along the Pinghan Railway, Chiang Kai-shek Urgent life Huang Shaohong to Shanxi inspection; And discuss with Yan Xishan future disposal. Huang Shaohong went to Taiyuan on September 20. To Taiyuan, Yan Xishan has gone to the Yanmen pass inspector, he will stay in Taiyuan for a day, in Shanxi hotel Meet with The Eighteenth Army Many of the generals. Huang Shaohong hopes that in the future, permanent unity and permanent unity will enable the country and the nation to overcome the difficulties of life and death. Subsequently, Huang Shaohong was deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighteenth Group Army Peng Dehuai Accompanied, to Yanmen Pass to see Yan Xishan To discuss the anti-Japanese plan of Shanxi. On September 22, Huang Shaohong and Yan Xishan met at Lingkou in Taiyuan Zhou Enlai and Zhu De . Through negotiations, Yan Xishan and Huang Shaohong agreed to the eighth Route Army to carry out guerrilla warfare in Shanxi. Yan and Huang would not interfere in the use of their forces, and as for the guerrilla areas, they would consult with Yan Xishan in Shanxi Enemy-occupied areas You can make your own decisions. Zhou Enlai and Zhu De also agreed to cooperate with friendly forces under favorable conditions Mobile warfare . After the inspection of Shanxi, Huang Shaohong returned to Nanjing to report the situation of Shanxi to Chiang Kai-shek.
Li Jishen follow north In the war, it is suggested that the military committee withdraw the main army into Shanxi, and use the dangerous terrain of the Three Jin to contain it Japanese army Heading south. Chiang Kai-shek After thinking about it, it is better to send Li Jishen to assist in guiding the second World War area, to talk about Li, "for the matter of going to Jin, I do not need to bring more people." According to Li Jishen's recollection, Yan Xishan, the "King of Shanxi," did not welcome me at first, fearing that I would pick him up, "I explained my intention of coming, that is, to transfer the troops to him, to transfer Huang Shaohong, Sun Lianzhong Go to help him and he will be free." Yan Xishan instead wanted to leave Li Jishen as deputy commander, the result Li Jishen repeatedly resigned, Finally recommend Huang Shaohong to serve. [42] Chiang Kai-shek appointed Huang Shaohong Second zone Deputy commander, want him to go to Shanxi to help Yan Xishan battle. In order to fight against the Japanese invasion army, Huang Shaohong did not refuse to take a job in Shanxi on October 1, 1937, to assist Yan Xishan conduct Troops in Niangzi Pass Fighting against the Japanese. In Niangzi Pass, Huang Shaohong conducted Zhao Shoushan, Zeng Wanzhong, Liu Bocheng The troops and secret service groups are in total 10,000 Japanese army Put up a fierce fight. Huang Shaohong wrote in a newspaper, "In the North China battlefield, there are only two and a half generals who really resist, and one of them is the commander of the 17th Division. Cho Shousan " Yan Xishan in Taiyuan with Huang Shaohong, Wei Lihuang, Fu Zuoyi discussion Xinkou Campaign Zhou Enlai was also invited to attend the meeting on the issue of operational deployment. At the meeting, Huang Shaohong and Zhou Enlai to Shanxi battle plan to exchange views. In mid-to-late October, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Peng Dehuai came to the residence of Huang Shaohong Shouyang county Half a month village meet Huang Shaohong, on the eastern front of the battle put forward a lot of suggestions.
In early November 1937, Taiyuan Lost. Yan Xishan stayed in Shikou Town after withdrawing from Taiyuan. Xixian County Do not go to Linfen, ready to fail again to retreat The Yellow River The west, and pushed the presiding of the war to Huang Shaohong, Wei Lihuang . After Zhou Enlai came to Linfen, he met with Wei Lihuang to study the problem of persisting guerrilla warfare in North China. As soon as Wei Lihuang saw Zhou Enlai, he said: "It is a pity that Shanxi has not done well in these battles." Now many places are occupied by Japan, our army has suffered heavy losses, can not counterattack, and the Japanese must go south, I am afraid that the south of Shanxi can not be kept, and finally only rely on the Yellow River natural danger to stop the enemy. Zhou Enlai patiently explained: At present we are indeed in great danger. The Japanese army hoped that after the oppression of the Chinese army retreated to the south bank of the Yellow River, the Yellow River as the boundary, the several provinces in North China together into a so-called "North China autonomous" Puppet regime . He listed seven or eight reasons and analyzed in detail to Wei Lihuang the favorable conditions and development prospects of sticking to the Anti-Japanese War in North China. He said: Even if the enemy continues to advance to Fenglingdu, we have the means to carry out a protracted war in Shanxi, so that Japanese army Can't end the war. Zhou Enlai also asked Wei Lihuang to mobilize the people and other requirements, Wei Lihuang and Huang Shaohong carefully listened to Zhou Enlai's analysis, feel very reasonable, lifted the concerns, enhanced the determination to adhere to the war of resistance, but also began to change the right The Communist Party People's opinions.

Have been in charge for eight years

In December 1937, Chiang Kai-shek transferred Huang Shaohong has an important task Chairman of Zhejiang Province, [32] 31 - Huang Shaohong arrived on the 6th of the same month Hangzhou Take the print and serve. [36] In order to resist Japan, Huang Shaohong personally developed machine guns, rifles, grenades, founded three Arsenal, mobilized the people of the province to resist Japan, promulgated the province's "wartime political program", coordinated with the Communist Army of the New Fourth Army to resist Japan, and was produced by Zhou Enlai and other Communist Party tunnel-collar Guide the praise. 28 - [29] In the war of resistance against Japan, Huang Shaohong still attached great importance to the development of education and other causes, he put forward the educational policy of "wartime education second, peacetime education first", and founded Zhejiang Ingshi University . There were scholarships for science, and he himself engaged in scientific development to promote the province.
In June 1938, a heat wave was raging and the heat was oppressive. After the fall of Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang temporarily moved to the west of Zhejiang Jinhua. [33] That evening, Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) Zhejiang Province Chairman Huang Shaohong is sitting in the courtyard cool, suddenly sit in Wuhan Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram Jinhua Capital of the province. In the telegram, Chiang Kai-shek accused Huang Shaohong of "poor political performance and notorious reputation" in Zhejiang, and asked him to take good care of himself and "pay attention to it." This telegram made Huang Shaohong so confused that he could not imagine where he had offended him Supreme commander . Drive up to Wuhan (capital of Hubei Province) Submitted his resignation to Chiang. Before he resigned, Chiang's words made him enlightened: "Since you came back from the Shanxi war last year, you said to everyone you met. The Eighth Route Army Good military discipline, good at Guerrilla warfare Brave in the war, how the Communist Party mobilized the masses, mobilized the people, the army and the people cooperated in the war of resistance and so on. Party departments at all levels, Huangpu officers, and local gentlemen are naturally unconvinced and will gossip about you."
In the spring of 1942, Huang Shaohong founded it Arsenal And the anti-Japanese militia were sent by Chiang Kai-shek to receive, he was deeply dissatisfied and resigned to Chiang, Was retained by Chiang. [30] Gu Zhutong He said to him: "You have to be patient, you are so big and respected God, you also need to find a bigger temple to put down." He had to drag it along, doing routine work every day and writing his memoirs to pass the time. In the spring of 1946, he resigned his post as chairman of Zhejiang Province to Chiang Kai-shek. In April 1947, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized the Nanjing government and became the premier Zhang Qun To Chiang Kai-shek recommend Huang Shaohong as minister of food, but Huang Shaohong refused to take office, only agreed to serve as vice president of the supervision Court.

Three jay again

At the end of 1947, Huang Shaohong learned that the next year was set as a "constitutional year", his seat as vice president of the Supervision Yuan would no longer exist, he was neither a "National Congress representative", and did not want to be a minister, after consideration decided to run for the legislature. He's in the constituency. Rong County special area On a campaign trip. Got it Huang Xuchu Telegraphed, Li Zongren I want him to discuss important business in Nanjing. Originally Li Zongren to run for vice president, to Huang Shaohong election chief of staff. Huang Shaohong by and Li Zongren some analysis, agreed to serve. Huang Shaohong made full use of his network and strategy to get a large number of votes for Li Zongren's campaign. Chiang Kai-shek Set one's heart on Sunke He became the vice president and excluded five candidates including Lee Jong-jen. Several leaders of the new Guangxi department did not give in, and vowed to contend with Chiang Kai-shek, and Li Zongren had the potential to be elected. Chiang Kai-shek, seeing the situation as ominous, decided that the candidate for vice president should be nominated by the Kuomintang Central Committee, and only Sun Ke should be mentioned.
Li Zongren and Huang Shaohong learned the news after very angry, want to oppose the nomination by the Party Central Committee but can not give a reason, they are not even the Central Standing Committee, can not oppose in the Central Standing Committee. After some deliberation, it was decided to eliminate the method of nomination by the Kuomintang Central Committee by preemptive action. Huang Shaohong informed the Central Organization Department: If the vice presidential candidate is nominated by the Party Central Committee, then Guangxi and Anhui (Province) Representatives of the New Guangxi and Anhui provinces are controlled by the new Guangxi system. Upon learning this, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that the representatives of Guangxi and Anhui would really not run and the election would be cancelled, so he had to give up his intention to be nominated by the Central Committee. In the election for the vice President, Lee Tsung-Jen received the most votes among the six candidates, but Lee did not reach the number of votes to be elected, even after three votes: Lee Tsung-jen first, Sun Ke second, and finally these two runoff. At this time Chiang Kai-shek came out for Sun Ke pull votes, Huang Shaohong is trying to pull votes for Li Zongren. Because Huang Shaohong received a leaflet of personal attack on Li Zongren, it must be made by Jiang Fang in order to make Li Zongren lose the election, in order to reverse the adverse impact on Li Zongren, he made a plan: retreat into advance, announced to give up the election, so that the election can not be carried out, and then find countermeasures. The next day, Lee announced his withdrawal from the race. As soon as the news came out, the national public opinion was uproar. Sun Ke, Cheng Qian And quit at the same time, National assembly Is adjourned, adjourned re-election.
Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to summon him New GUI system Number two Character's Bai Chongxi He said that he had not taken sides and that the rumours were the work of reactionaries, asking Bai Chongxi to persuade Li Zongyan to stand for election. The conference was forced to postpone the runoff election for four days, and the new Guangxi Department won four days, and Huang Shaohong took this storm in his three terms of provincial chairman Zhejiang (Province) Two-thirds of the votes in the province, plus a portion in other provinces, secured the crucial votes for Lee, giving him 143 more votes than Sun Ke to be elected vice president.
Mr. Huang
In June 1948, Chiang Kai-shek placed Bai Chongxi outside Wuhan (capital of Hubei Province) He was the general commander of the Central China campaign. The transfer of the defense minister to the commander in chief is clearly a move from the central to the local level. Bai Chongxi in anger, with the lady ran to Shanghai And moved into a villa he had just bought. Refused to take up his post. Chiang Kai-shek school Zhang Qun , Wu Tiecheng Try to persuade, but nothing. At last Chiang Kai-shek came to him Bai Chongxi Huang Shaohong, an old friend of the Guangxi department, asked him to "persuade Jian Sheng". Huang Shaohong to Shanghai to call Bai Chongxi, white still said "if that person sent you, nothing to talk about." Huang replied: "The man sent me, but not for him." As soon as the two met, Huang Shaohong turned to Bai Chongxi and said: "You are too bright this Zhuge." You were defense minister in Nanjing, and you were not a caged bird of Chiang Kai-shek? This time, the old Chiang Kai-shek has let you out and mastered the military power, but he is afraid that he will not be able to create a new situation with his German neighbors when he has the chance later." The implication was to let Bai Chongxi go to Wuhan to control the army, and to support "Vice President" Li Zongren to replace Chiang Kai-shek at the first opportunity. Listening to Huang Shaohong's words, Bai Chongxi was enlightened and went to Wuhan to take up his post the next day. End up in The battle of Xu Pung In the critical time, Chiang Kai-shek urgently transferred the central China "suppression general" Bai Chongxi under the command of the army rescue Du Yuming The group, in Bai Chongxi's view, "The war situation has been irreparable, and two more regiments (referring to Huang Wei in Central China, Zhang Gan Two regiments) did not help, and each regiment was given an extra one crew "Bai Chongxi had to give in Huang Wei Corps under the east rescue, Chiang Kai-shek transferred other troops, Bai Chongxi simply ignored Chiang's orders. Jiang Tu called helplessly, there was no way for Bai Chongxi. In the end, the main force of Chiang's direct line was wiped out. Bai Chongxi is right Huang Qihan Said: "Since the defeat of the war in the Northeast, continue Xuzhou When the time came, I saw that this war could not be fought any longer. Therefore, I sent a telegram to put pressure on Chiang Kai-shek to stop fighting and peacefully resolve the KMT problem. At the same time, the provincial councils of Hubei and Henan also sent telegrams calling for peace talks. I want Ji Kuan (Huang Shaohong) to go Hong Kong Is to invite Ren Gong ( Li Jishen Come to Wuhan, preside over the plan. Too late, Ren Gong (Li Jishen) is heading north."

Lord and representative

On the afternoon of January 21, 1949, in Hankou The Bai Chongxi received the retirement of Chiang Kai-shek by Li Zongren generation Pres. Power on. Bai Chongxi said, "I want Duke De as a shield. Looks like he's still controlling it from behind the scenes. But what had happened, I had no choice but to support the Duke, Bring about an early truce and peace talks." Huang Shaohong said: "Now the whole people want peace, Chiang Kai-shek because of repeated defeats, had to announce his resignation, we start from the Lord and peace, politically only peace can have a way out, continue to fight only death." [5]
In March, Kuomintang and the Communist Party The two parties decided to send representatives to the peace talks. He Yingqin By phone with Chiang Kai-shek After negotiation, Zhang Zhizhong, Huang Shaohong, Shao Lizi, Zhang Shizhao and were appointed Li Zheng Form a peace delegation and hand over the list Li Zongren In his hands, Li added Liu Fei's name. [37] Huang Shaohongwei Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) One of the six delegates to the peace talks. During the Peiping peace talks, Huang Shaohong and other representatives received Mao Zedong See you. Huang Shaohong hope peace talks succeed, so he filled in two words "good news near". [6] After the peace plan was formed, Huang Shaohong was elected as a representative Take the terms back to Nanjing for instructions. [16] In the terms of the peace agreement, Li Zongren could become the vice chairman of the Central People's Government, and Guangdong and Guangdong would not implement land reform for two years. Bai Chongxi Can take 300,000 troops and so on, but Bai Chongxi Fu Zuoyi The 200,000 troops in Peiping were completely adapted as evidence, saying that the Communist Party could not be trusted, that it was not cooperation, that it was asking us to surrender, and that he wanted the Chinese thieves not to stand against each other. In the end, Li and Bai refused to sign the peace terms, leading to the breakdown of the peace talks.

Later life

In April 1949, Huang Shaohong flew to Hong Kong to join the Communist Party Li Jishen created Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (Democratic Revolution). On August 13, Huang Shaohong, Long Yun , Liu Fei , He Yaozu Forty-four Kuomintang military and political personnel jointly issued a statement announcing the uprising. In September, at the invitation of the Communist Party of China, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Beiping. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as a member of the Government Administration Council, the Standing Committee of the first National People's Congress, the Bills Committee, and the first, second and third members of the CPPCC National Committee. The third Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic Revolution, the fourth Central Committee and other positions. In 1957, he was wrongly classified as a rightist. In 1960, by Pick off right Party hat . [24]
On April 28, 1956, Cheng Siyuan was invited to visit Beijing from abroad. At noon on May 12, Zhou Enlai hosted Cheng Siyuan in Ziguangge, Zhongnanhai, and Huang Shaohong, Zhang Zhizhong and Qu Wu were invited to attend.
Huang Shaohong, Zheng Dongguo and others spoke at the panel discussion of the Third Session of the Third Session of the CPPCC
On June 15, 1961, the CPPCC National Committee decided to set up a grand memorial Xinhai Revolution Huang Shaohong is a member of the 50th Anniversary Committee.
In 1965, Li Zongren By Boeing 707 passenger aircraft, far across the Guanshan ocean, fly back mainland . At 11 am on July 20, Li Zongren transferred to a special plane and arrived at Beijing Airport. Huang Shaohong and Shao Lizi , Zhang Shizhao , Li Junlong Wait for the same year Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) 和谈代表团成员及中共领导人 Zhou Enlai , He Long , Guo Moruo Wait until the airport welcomes Li Zongren back.
In August 1966," Great proletarian Cultural Revolution "Swept the country. On the afternoon of the 31st, Huang Shaohong arrived West total Bu Hutong No. 5 visit Li Zongren, the face of panic. present Cheng Siyuan To Huang Shaohong said: "It seems that you have something on your mind." "I'm not thinking about myself," said Huang. "I'm worried about Degong." On that day, Huang Shaohong was forced to Commit suicide He was 71 years old. The author of... Mr. Huang Jikuan's collection of Anti-Japanese War remarks The Theory and Practice of Guerrilla Warfare. [3] [20]
On June 27, 1980, Huang Shaohong was wrongly classified as rightist After review, the problem has been corrected. Gantsi Sen representative Revolutionary movement of the people Chuo to his relatives in Beijing Officially announce the correction decision. On the morning of December 31, Huang Shaohong's memorial service was held Peking Auditorium of the CPPCC National Committee for Fine. [40]

Family member

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Father: Huang Yuliang, surname Shaodian, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, wife Zhong, born five sons: Huang Shaoduan, Huang Shaoyan, Huang Zhongan, Huang Tianzce, Huang Shaohong; Five women. [9-10] 12 - [13]

Major honor

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In December 1936, he was awarded the third Class Jade Collecting Medal. [18]
He was commissioned into the Army on 2 September 1937 The rank will be added . [7] [21]

Character memorial

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  • Former residence
The former residence of Huang Shaohong
The former residence of Huang Shaohong Located in Shancui Village, Li Cun Town, Rong County, north to south, built by his father Huang Yuliang in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, is a simple folk building, no carved dragon painting phoenix, four five-open rooms, two sides of the corridor, the plane is "rich" shape, the left side of the corridor in front of the turret, the right also has a higher building, as a lookout. The layout of the whole building is rigorous, neat and distinctive. There is a turret in front of the corridor, and a taller building on the right of the back seat, which serves as a lookout. The layout of the whole building is rigorous, neat and distinctive.
Shancui Village and several surrounding villages are located in a large basin, surrounded by sand and water, storing wind and gathering gas, and excellent feng shui. The land of the spirit, the village and surrounding villages Talented people come forth in large numbers There are as many officials and rich people as stars.
Shancui Village is backed by Shiyin Mountain looping vein, the whole village sits north to south, and a river encircling the village field in the right rear and then run to the left front of the village and drain from Yichen square; On the right side of the village, the front is slightly empty and scattered, and it is good that the sand water in the distance is capable, but it is not beautiful. Huang Shaohong's former residence sat to the afternoon and Gui-ding, sat 6 degrees, four into the double gallery, the courtyard door in the Kun position (the courtyard wall does not exist today). There used to be a half-moon pool in front of the door, but now it has become a paddy field; On the right front, there was a small river in the direction of Masa in front of the house and then flowed out in the Yichen square in front of the left of the house, and now this river has disappeared. The former residence of Huang Shaohong has a good internal and external pattern, which is a rare feng shui house. Unfortunately, the protection is insufficient, and the former residence is now in serious dilapidated condition.
During the Guangxi period (1926 ~ 1930), Huang Shaohong implemented reforms and set up various construction undertakings, "making the province's politics, economy , culture There has been great development and local strength has been enhanced "; reorganize finance And unified taxation to make "the province. finance The situation has greatly improved "; Open up roads, "make the province in the east, south, north of more than 50 counties of the bulk. Local specialty ... Sell at home and abroad, exit The amount has increased by more than three times compared with the previous "; Make Guangxi "each. port The commodity market has achieved unprecedented development "; Carry out Municipal construction Make Wuzhou, Liuzhou, Nanning" trade Increasingly prosperous ", "a step forward to modern cities"; start machine Industries equipped with technology; Set up Guangxi University to promote culture Educational cause Development; Prepare to build Western medicine Yard, enhance TCM Level, etc. [41]
  • mansion
Huang Shaohong Residence It is composed of three horizontal rectangular single-storey buildings arranged in parallel, and there are corridors between the buildings. The overall plane is in the shape of "king", and there are fish ponds and gardens dotted among them. Through a pool, climb several stone steps between the rockery, a stone pavilion appears in front of the eyes, the green pavilion around, there is water curved through it, is a typical south of the courtyard. In 1995, Huang Shaohong Residence, as an important historical building of the Republic of China, was announced as a municipal key cultural relics protection unit.
Huang Mansion, it also carries an important history. Zhou Enlai had twice come to Huang Mansion to discuss the anti-Japanese events.
In 1939, Zhou Enlai went to Jinhua to guide the work of the Anti-Japanese War, and he came to Huang Residence in his public capacity as deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Military Committee of the Nationalist Government. The first time was on March 18, when Zhou Enlai came to visit Huang Shaohong Tianmu Mountain Presided over the provincial Anti-Japanese War political work, failed to meet in Jinhua. The second time was on April 1, Zhou Enlai arrived as promised to discuss the plan of uniting the Anti-Japanese War. The next day, Zhou Enlai, accompanied by Huang Shaohong, delivered a report on the Importance of Building an Army and the Implementation of Social Militarization in the Council Hall of the East Court of the Shiwang Mansion. [14] [23]
During the period when Huang Shaohong was in charge of Zhejiang Province, he tried his best to overcome the public's opinions and passed the "Zhejiang Wartime Political Program", "as the criterion for the government and the people to uphold together" to mobilize the whole people to resist the war and call for the defense of Zhejiang. He built an Arsenal. In the war of resistance against Japan, he still attached great importance to the development of education and other undertakings, and put forward the educational policy of "wartime education second, peacetime education first", and founded Zhejiang Yingshi University and Zhejiang Tide magazine. In addition, Huang Shaohong also strongly support Taiwan Volunteer Team The work of the wartime Child Care Society. It can be said that the reason why Jinhua became the political and cultural center during the Anti-Japanese War was inseparable from Huang Shaohong's more enlightened policy at that time.
  • villa
Huang Shaohong villa panoramic view
Huang Shaohong Villa is located in Rongcheng Town South Street No. 33. The villa of Huang Shaohong is very characteristic, which has both the western style of modern western houses and the simplicity of southern Chinese architecture. In general, the whole building of Huang Shaohong Villa can be summarized in the following 12 words: solemn and generous, elegant and chic, quite tolerant of fun.
During the construction of the villa, Huang Shaohong was under the orders of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, leading the GUI army to capture Wuzhou, Nanning, Guilin, Liuzhou, and Li Zongren The gun was fired in celebration. When the villa was completed, it was the time when the new Guangxi unified Guangxi, and the hometown people were so happy. Unfortunately, soon after, Jiang GUI conflict broke out. In 1929, when the new Guangxi system was at its peak, it was forcefully pushed out by Chiang Kai-shek, and Li Zongren, Huang Shaohong and Bai Chongxi were forced to go to Hong Kong. Soon, Li Zongren, Huang Shaohong, Bai Chongxi three big transferred to Rong County, in Huang Shaohong villa lived for more than ten days, and convened the important backbone of the new Guangxi system to plot a comeback. However, in the face of the large-scale attack of the Chiang Yue army, the new Guangxi system was defeated again and again. The defeat of two Jiang-Gui wars and the sad news of the death of his mother in his hometown made Huang Shaohong very painful in his heart. However, for the sake of the country's peace and revitalization, he soon took heart and moved around North and south Again and again, leading the fight against the Japanese. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he devoted himself to promoting peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, fighting for peace, and finally returning People's government . In these long decades, Huang Shaohong only visited his hometown a few times and lived in a villa. However, Huang Shaohong has not been able to enjoy a good time in the villa.
The whole villa covers an area of 288 square meters, sitting west to east, the plane is rectangular, divided into two parts of the front door and the main building. The front door faces the street in the east, with three wide faces and one deep one. There are eaves on the upper and lower levels. Behind the front door is a rectangular courtyard 23 meters deep and 14 meters wide. There is a lot of space between the front door and the main building, making the whole villa appear very spacious and bright. The main building behind the yard is square, three wide and one deep. It is a three-story cement building with brick and concrete. It is elegant without losing its dignified atmosphere. Front each layer has the eaves corridor, the doors and Windows have the gray plastic lintel frame, the eaves column railing has the simple pattern carving, making the house become smart without losing its elegance.
On the roof of this brick and concrete three-story cement building, look up to the distance, but see the Rong County city in the shops, cars and people on the street, a bustling scene. This building, this scene, can not help but remind people of Huang Shaohong experienced a variety of events of the past. This villa is not only because it was built by Huang Shaohong, but also because Huang Shaohong and Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, the three giants who have a pivotal position in the new Guangxi system, lived here for more than ten days, and the soldiers plotted to stage a comeback, and it is particularly important to commemorate.
In 1927, Huang Shaohong was appointed chairman of the Guangxi Provincial Government and director of the Military Department. On the occasion of returning home, he decided to build villas in his hometown county. At this time, Huang Shaohong was brave and skillful in war, and had outstanding strategies. In politics, he paid attention to culture, science and local construction, and had a broad vision. His education and ambition made him have high expectations for the construction of villas. He has always believed that China's hope lies in learning from foreign countries, so as to revitalize China and bring peace and happiness to its people. However, he is also deeply attached to China's extensive and profound ancient culture, and likes to write lyrics to express his thoughts. Therefore, the design of his villa has both the style of Western architecture and the charm of Chinese classical architecture. From Huang Shaohong villa called "Wansongshan house", we can glimpse one or two of its inner thoughts.
In 1950, the owner of Huang Shaohong Villa changed, and the Rongcheng Police Station began to work here, and this office was done until 1989. 1991, Guangxi Rong County When the people's government implements the overseas Chinese house, the villa is returned to the descendants of Huang Shaohong, which is managed by Huang Hongyou. Nowadays, history has turned a new page. The villa of Huang Shaohong, which witnessed the changes of history in the past, has become an important physical historical material for the study of modern history and architectural history of our country, and its historical, scientific and artistic value has gradually been recognized by historical experts. In 1999, Huang Shaohong Villa was announced as Rong County cultural relics protection unit; In 2005, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit at the autonomous region level. On May 25, 2006, by The State Council It has been declared a national key cultural relic protection unit.
  • Commemorative activity
On December 6, 1995, the 100th anniversary of Huang Shaohong's birth was held in Beijing. Cheng Siyuan , Li Peiyao Attend the commemoration and speak.
On November 24, 2015, Rongxian Jiangxia Cultural Research Association held an activity to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Huang Shaohong's birth.
On November 26, 2015, Rong County held a symposium in Xiaoan Hall, Shancui Village, Licun Town, where Huang Shaohong was born, to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Huang Shaohong's birth and jointly commemorate his patriotic feelings and actions Chinese nation The contribution of independence and liberation. The 120th anniversary of Huang Shaohong's birth was attended by the leaders of Rongxian County Party Committee, the government, the People's Congress and the CPPCC. Huang Shaohong's descendants, relatives, the descendants of friends and other 200 people participated in the ceremony Read the symposium. [11]

Character evaluation

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EDITOR
Li Zongren "Huang Shaohong word Ji Kuan, Rong County Shansui village people. Born into a scholarly family, gifted and capable, And have an adventurous spirit." [43]
Revolutionary movement of the people Central Committee: Huang Shaohong made great achievements in his life, and the unification and administration of Guangxi became the foundation of his career. At that time, Huang Shaohong was not yet thirty years old, so it can be seen that the troubled times came out Outstanding figures , And it is not unreasonable for heroes from ancient times to be young. [26]
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