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The Poznan incident
Mass strikes against the Polish United Workers' Party government
The Poznan Event (Polish: Poznastski Czerwiec(Poznan June Event); Pozna 1956 protests(Poznan 1956 Protest Movement), Pozna 1956 uprising (Poznan 1956 uprising) yes
Polish People's Republic
For the first time in history
Polish United Workers Party
The government's mass strike took place in a city in central and western Poland
Poznan
Hence the name. The incident began on June 28, 1956 and ended on June 30 of the same year. In Poznan, 74 people were killed (including eight policemen), 800 injured, and 658 arrested
[11]
. Poznan was one of the milestones in Poland's transition from Soviet political control.
- Chinese name
- The Poznan incident
- Foreign name
- Pozna World ski Czerwiec
- Occurrence time
- 28 June 1956 to 30 June 1956
catalogue
The Poznan incident took place between 1948 and 1953
Polish People's Republic
imitate
Soviet model
The result of the evil. It is a model of unified leadership under the direction of a huge bureaucracy, with a cult of personality and all sorts of brutality. In the economic field, it relies on forced collectivization, accelerating heavy industrialization, expanding the proportion of accumulation and other means to pursue material indicators. The realization of the target brings benefits to the cause of the bureaucracy, but often at the expense of the people's interests.
[1]
In terms of economic guidance, the Polish government one-sided emphasis on heavy industry, ignoring light industry and agriculture, the result is a cyclical imbalance, production decline, regression. In the use and distribution of national income, the policy of high accumulation and low consumption has resulted in poor living conditions for the people and a shortage of market commodities. So the people are justified in thinking that the party is only interested in meeting targets and does not care about their lives.
[1]
On the political front, the Polish government is opposed to
Josef Vesalionovich Stalin
The mistakes of the period are kept secret. polish-party
Stalinism
They realized that reform was undermining their own interests, that the democratization of social life had diminished their privileges and status, and that historical accountability would expose their unsavory side to the world, which they could not tolerate.
[1]
The slow economic development of the Stalinist system, the lack of improvement in the standard of living of the people, the lack of democracy, these facts have accumulated discontent and anger in the hearts of the masses.
[1]
After Stalin's death in 1953, Polish society began to thaw. The imbalance in the national economy has been initially corrected, and there has been a loosening in politics. However, the reform was blocked by the conservatives, and progress was slow or even threatened to stall, thus causing the people to lose trust in the party and the government. In 1956, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held the "20th Congress",
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev
Written by
About the cult of personality and its consequences
The report caused great repercussions in Poland, and the long-simmering discontent among the people erupted.
[1]
In the second half of 1955, as a result of changes in the wage system by the Polish government, about 75% of workers had their wages reduced. At the same time, the government imposed an excessively high income tax on bonuses for advanced workers, which was later corrected but not refunded.
[2-3]
On June 8, 1956, the 16,000 workers of the locomotive and rolling stock factory in Poznantzegersky first proposed a wage increase and a tax cut, and the workers of the car plant held a general assembly and decided to send 30 representatives
Warsaw
To make a statement to the Ministry of Machinery Industry. But after two weeks, the workers' negotiations with the factory were fruitless. The factory is stalling for time on the grounds that there is no authorization. For this reason the workers decided to go on strike, together with the workers of the railway repair shop and the workers of the municipal transportation company.
The strike coincided with the opening of the 25th Poznan International Fair, and for this reason, the President of the Central Council of Trade unions Kvosevic went to Poznan, but he did not pay attention to the demands of the strikers, which further worsened the mood of the workers.
[2-3]
On June 25, 1956, the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory sent workers and factory representatives to Warsaw to negotiate with the Minister of Machinery Industry Federski and the president of the union Kvosevic. At the negotiating table, the minister accepted the workers' demands and promised to continue negotiations in Poznan. But when Federsky arrived in Poznan, he immediately reneged on his promise, saying to the workers in the tone of the following command: "The situation is not so bad, everyone hurry to work!" The government wants to settle the matter after the fair. On June 27, the workers of the railway repair factory went on strike again, and the representatives of the various factories decided to organize a general strike and street demonstration the next day.
At 6:30 in the morning on June 28, 1956, about 80 percent of the employees of the Czegelsky Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory began a march from Dzerzhinsky Street to the center of Poznan. Carrying signs reading "Bread and freedom" and chanting "Russians go home," "Free the prisoners" and "Down with the secret police," the marchers were joined by more people and workers from railway repair shops along the route.
By the time the march made its way to Mitzkiewicz Square (Stalin Square) and reached the provincial Party and municipal buildings, about 100,000 people had gathered. The delegates sent by the march met with the president of the municipal People's Congress, Mr. Fronzkowiak, but did not meet with the first secretary of the provincial Party committee, Mr. Stashek. The general demand of the workers
Joseph Silenkiewicz
The Prime Minister came to Poznan.
The standoff caused rumors to spread within the march that workers' representatives had been arrested, and some demonstrators, chanting slogans, rushed to the Mwinska Street prison and occupied it at 1100 hours. The marchers disarmed prison guards, seized weapons, and freed 257 prisoners. At 11:30, the crowd rushed to the provincial Public Security Bureau. The authorities used water cannons to try to disperse the demonstrators, who attacked the provincial public security Bureau with stones. Then there was the sound of gunfire, the crowd began to retreat, people were wounded, people died, people built barricades. Armed demonstrators arrived from Mwinska and fired back. The crowd began to storm the provincial public security Bureau, and the two sides confronted each other, shooting at each other. At around 1200 hours, personnel carriers from the Armored Academy and several tanks entered the scene. As the soldiers obeyed orders not to use weapons, they were quickly disarmed by the marchers, and the soldiers and the crowd were at peace. An hour later, troops of the tenth Interior Regiment arrived on the scene with orders to shoot.
When news of the Poznan workers taking to the streets reached Warsaw, at around 10:10, the Polish Politburo met and decided to send in the army to suppress them. At 1400 hours, Prime Minister Silenkiewicz, Secretary of the Central Committee
Edward Garek
And General Grokhov Bobowski flew to Poznan. Between 16:00 and 0500 hours on the morning of the 29th, the 10th, 19th, 4th and 5th Divisions of the Polish Armored Division and the Polish National Security Forces were ordered into Poznan, with a total of about 10,300 troops, armed with tanks, armored vehicles and field artillery. Gunfire continued throughout the night, and it was not until 4 o 'clock on the morning of the 29th that it calmed down. On the 30th, the army withdrew from the city. Order was restored in Poznan. In Poznan, 74 people were killed (including eight policemen), 800 injured, and 658 arrested.
[11]
In a radio address on June 29, 1956, Polish Prime Minister Silenkiewicz stressed that the Poznan incident was a provocation orchestrated by "imperialist agents" and "domestic underground elements".
On June 30, 1956, the Polish government took some measures to ease the conflict: the former Minister of machinery industry Fedelski was demoted, the tax collected by the Poznantzejelski rolling stock factory was returned to the factory workers in stages, and the victims of the incident were buried. A series of measures by the government finally calmed down the unrest.
[4-5]
Throughout July, Gelek headed a party-government committee that investigated the background and causes of the events in Poznan, the results of which were not made public. From September 27 to October 22, 1956, the Poznan court held a trial of those involved in the strike, and 22 were sentenced.
[6]
The Poznan incident took place during the International Fair, when
United Nations Secretary-General
Dag Hammarskjold
On a visit to Poland, many foreign guests witnessed the events in Poznan and were deeply touched. Western media have condemned the Polish government's brutal actions.
[7]
Poznan Incident Memorial
