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American beaver
Castor canadensis
) : Body hypertrophy, body covered with dense villi; The limbs are short and wide, the hind limbs are strong and strong, and the hind toes are full until the claws are born
web
Suitable for paddling; The tail is flat and acts as a rudder when swimming; Small eyes, small ear holes, inside
valve
, waterproof; There are also water-resistant muscle structures in the nostrils; The skull was flat and firm, the zygomatic arch developed,
Zygomatic bone
Exceptionally large; The incisors are unusually thick, chisel-shaped, and can bite large trees.
Semi-aquatic. It inhabits near streams, ponds, and lakes and has a habit of damming waterways. Nocturnal, good at swimming, diving time up to 15 minutes. The staple food is the leaves, buds and bark of trees. Night or evening activities, good at swimming and diving, able to climb upward with the help of claws. Staple food branches, bark, reeds, etc. Early spring estrus mating, 1 litter per year, 1-5 litter per birth. Fur is precious.
Native to Canada, the United States and northern Mexico, it has since been introduced to Argentina, Finland, Russia and other countries. It's Canadian.
National beast
.
- Chinese name
- American beaver
- Latin name
- Castor canadensis
- alias
- American beaver , Canadian beaver
- Foreign name
- American Beaver
- International endangered rating
- No risk (LC) [4]
- world
- animalia
- The door
- Chordate phylum
- The outline
- mammalia
- Orders,
- rodentia
- Families,
- Cineridae
- Belong to
- Beavers
- Kind of
- American beaver
- subphyla
- Vertebrate subphyla
- suborder
- Beavers
- subclass
- Eutheria
- subspecies
- 20 subspecies
- Namers and years
- Kuhl, 1820
The American beaver
Castor canadensis
It was named by the German naturalist and zoologist Heinrich Kuhl in 1820.
The American beaver - Canada's national animal
The second largest in the world
Canada
Known as the "Land of Maple Leaves", with the elegant and straight North American maple trees (
Sugar maple
) is
National tree
. But speaking of Canadian"
National beast
The American beavers are little known. In fact, the history of Canada began with this big mouse-like animal.
[1]
At the beginning of the 16th century, Europeans colonized the New World, and in the northern part of North America, where forests were thick and rivers and lakes were all over, French adventurers found that the local Indians were very interested in their knives and axes, iron POTS, guns and glass beads, and even took out a hide to exchange. This allowed adventurers to see a business opportunity, and for more than 300 years, the fur trade has been carried out in Indian villages. The name of the land, Canada, comes from the word "village" in the native Indian language.
[1]
In the fur trade, the largest quantity is beaver skin. Beavers, who look like rats and have a flat tail behind them, are aquatic rodents known as "animal architects." They are busy almost all year round gnawing branches, hauling mud, building "DAMS" to hold back rivers, and forming ponds around their nests to keep out predators. To keep warm in cold water, beavers wear a double layer of hair, with a thick outer layer to keep them warm and a thin inner layer to keep them light. But it was this fine fur that almost killed them.
[1]
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, there were an estimated 100 to 200 million beavers across North America. Fur hats and collars made of fur beavers are comfortable, warm and beautiful, and are in great demand in European countries for a long time. And for hunters, as long as they are not afraid of the cold, hunting beavers is not too difficult. The abundant supply of beaver skins was not only a popular commodity, but also served as the "standard currency" - the value of various goods was converted into the quantity of beaver skins to facilitate trade with the Indians. When the beavers were old, a musket could be exchanged for heaps of beavers as high as a gun.
[1]
In the early days of the fur trade, a small number of adventurers, mainly French, placed orders with Indian tribes and acted as middlemen themselves. But as the fur trade took off, more and more Europeans came to Canada to catch beavers, preach to the Indians, or simply start a new life in the New World. European trading stations, strongholds, and even villages and towns grew like sparks in the vast expanse of Canada.
[1]
In 1608, 28 French adventurers arrived in eastern Canada and established Quebec, Canada's first permanent settlement. One hundred years later, Quebec had grown into a city of tens of thousands of people, and the "New France" colony at its center included vast areas of what is now eastern Canada and the central United States. The backbone of the colonial economy was the export of fur, and more than 80% of the beavers on the European market at that time came from "New France." At the same time, not to be left behind, the British also founded the"
Hudson's Bay Company
While hunting for fur and enclosure, he gradually incorporated central and western Canada into his territory.
[1]
As the fur trade war escalated into a colonial competition, a real fight was inevitable. In 1756-1763, the British and French North American colonies fought in the Seven Years' War, in which the victorious British annexed French Canada and placed it firmly under their rule. By 1867, the Canadian provinces had finally established a unified country as a "dominion" of the British Empire.
[1]
Canadians know how their ancestors got here. They put beavers on stamps, coins, and there are beavers on the streets of many towns... . By this time, however, the beaver had become an endangered species, wiped out in many habitats, due to years of overfishing. The Indians, who had lost their usefulness, were also pushed to the margins of society by white people.
[1]
Fortunately, Chinese silk appeared in large quantities in the European market from the 19th century, and the beaver skin was gradually forgotten. Flour, wood, ships and other new "fist products", also let Canada no longer rely on the sale of beaver skin to live. After hundreds of years of rest and recuperation, beavers have finally returned to Canada's rivers and lakes. Today, in the eyes of Canadians, beavers are hard-working architects and cute national mascots, and no one thinks about their fur.
[1]
The American beavers are the largest rodent
mammal
It is semi-aquatic
rodent
. Physically strong. The body is 90-117 cm long, with a maximum of 120 cm. The tail is about 20 cm long and weighs 13-32 kg. The skull was flat and firm, the zygomatic arch was well developed,
Zygomatic bone
Very large; Small eyes; Ear holes are small, with valves inside, and the outer ear can be folded to waterproof; There are also water-resistant muscle structures in the nostrils; The spine of the bone is raised, and even the developed muscles are fixed; With webbed feet and a flat paddle-like tail, he is good at swimming. The teeth are sharp, with a total of 20 teeth, the incisors are unusually thick, chiselled, and can bite large trees, the molars have a wide chewing surface with deep grooves, and the chewing surface is larger than one from the back to the front, which is easy to chew harder food. The limbs are short and wide, the hind limbs are strong and strong, and the hind toes until the claws have all webbed, suitable for paddling; The tail is very large, flat above and below, and covered with horny scales, which acts as a rudder when swimming.
[2]
To keep warm in cold water, the American beavers wear a double layer of hair, with a thick outer layer to keep them warm and a thin inner layer to keep them light. The hair on the back of the body is bright and thick, the villi is thick and soft, and the abdomen is basically covered with villi. The body has a thick layer of fat, coarse dense fur ranging from dark gray, chestnut, brown to almost black, usually used to keep the body warm, cold resistant, not afraid of cold water immersion; It protects against the cold.
[3]
It inhabits rivers and waters on the edge of coniferous forests and mixed forests in the cold temperate zone, mainly living near streams, ponds and lakes.
[3]
Has a habit of damming waterways. Nocturnal, good at swimming and diving, diving time up to 15 minutes. Camp semi-aquatic life, night or morning and night activities, can climb upward with the help of claws. Beavers move slowly and clumsily on land and do not move far from the water's edge. Its self-defense ability is very weak, timid, like a quiet environment, a scare and danger that jump into the water, and use the tail to beat the water to warn similar. Don't hibernate.
[3]
Wherever a beaver lives or has lived, there is a pond, lake, or swamp. Beavers can cut down trees and use them to build DAMS in streams, forming small reservoirs whose burrows open underwater and store branches for food. They build dikes of branches, rocks and ooze to block the way of streams, which can merge into ponds or become lakes covering several hectares. Beavers have the ability to modify their habitat. When entering a new habitat or when the water level of the habitat drops, the beaver will build a dam with branches, mud, etc., to protect the hole from being underwater and prevent natural enemies. Beavers sometimes dig canals as long as 100 meters in order to carry the construction materials used for the dam on the shore to the interception dam. You can build a nest high above the water with sticks and reeds, and dig drainage ditches to prevent the nest from being flooded. There are both water openings and ground openings.
[2]
The American beavers feed mainly on broadleaf tree branches, bark, leaves, buds and reeds.
[2]
Country of origin: Canada, Mexico (Tamaulipas), United States.
Introduced: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego), Finland, Russian Federation.
[4]
Map of the American beavers
American beavers are monogamous, a symbol of monogamy, in which a male and female pair unite, and if they are not harmed by capture or predators, they will continue the marriage. At least when it comes to the marriage "contract." Beavers live in one household, mating and giving birth in their own homes year after year. The female beaver raises her cubs in this place all her life, never leaving the house, much like an old-fashioned housewife. Male beavers are prone to mating sex, their idea of going out is very direct, it is an animal everywhere, every time it passes a conspicuous place, it will release a unique aroma from the perfume sac located below its excretion mouth, this aroma is like a perfume business card, but also like a printed advertisement posted everywhere, advertising content is nothing but to expand publicity to the outside world. Stating that he is willing to have intercourse with any female at any time. Most male beavers share this sneaking "flower picking" mood. The scent of a male beaver is one of the most effective lures in the world, and it is rare for a female beaver not to smell the sound and be ready to move.
[5]
American beavers breed mostly in late spring, with a gestation period of three and a half months and an average of 128 days. Females give birth to 1 litter of 2-6 litter per year, most of which are 2-4 litter, weighing about 430 grams. The young mature sexually after 3 years. In the wild, American beavers live from 10 to 20 years.
[2]
|
Chinese name
|
Scientific name
|
Namers and years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1.
|
The Arcadia Beavers
|
Castor canadensis acadicus
|
Bailey V & J K Doutt, 1942
|
|
2.
|
Bailey beaver
|
Castor canadensis baileyi
|
Nelson, 1927
|
|
3.
|
The Cook Inlet beavers
|
Castor canadensis belugae
|
Taylor, 1916
|
|
4.
|
Newfoundland beavers
|
Castor canadensis caecator
|
Bangs, 1913
|
|
5.
|
Canadian beaver
|
Castor canadensis canadensis
|
Kuhl, 1820
|
|
6.
|
South Carolina beavers
|
Castor canadensis carolinensis
|
Rhoads, 1898
|
|
7.
|
Colorado beaver
|
Castor canadensis concisor
|
Warren and Hall, 1939
|
|
8.
|
Sonora State beavers
|
Castor canadensis frondator
|
Mearns, 1897
|
|
9.
|
The Labrador beavers
|
Castor canadensis labradorensis
|
Bailey V & J K Doutt, 1942
|
|
10.
|
Pacific beaver
|
Castor canadensis leucodontus
|
Gray, 1869
|
|
11.
|
The Rio Grande beavers
|
Castor canadensis mexicanus
|
Bailey, 1913
|
|
12.
|
Michigan beaver
|
Castor canadensis michiganensis
|
Bailey, 1913
|
|
13.
|
Missouri River beavers
|
Castor canadensis missouriensis
|
Bailey, 1919
|
|
14.
|
Washington beavers
|
Castor canadensis pacificus
|
Rhoads, 1898
|
|
15.
|
The Admiralty beaver
|
Castor canadensis phaeus
|
Heller, 1909
|
|
16.
|
Colorado River beavers
|
Castor canadensis repentinus
|
Goldman, 1932
|
|
17.
|
The Montana beavers
|
Castor canadensis sagittatus
|
Benson, 1933
|
|
18.
|
Golden beaver
|
Castor canadensis subauratus
|
Taylor, 1912
|
|
19.
|
Snake River beavers
|
Castor canadensis taylori
|
Davis, 1939
|
|
20.
|
Texas beavers
|
Castor canadensis texensis
|
Bailey, 1905
|
[6]
This species has a wide range, does not approach the vulnerable endangered threshold criteria for species survival (distribution area or fluctuation range less than 20,000 square kilometers, habitat quality, population size, distribution area fragmentation), and population trends are stable, so it is assessed as a species without survival crisis.
[4]
