The State of Alaska is located in North America Northwest end, east and Canada Borders, three rings on the other side The Arctic Ocean , The Bering Sea and North Pacific . The state is home to 17 of the 20 highest mountains in the United States, at 6,194 meters Denali It's the highest peak in North America. Most of the world's active glaciers are in Alaska, the largest of them Malaspina Glacier The drainage area is 5,703km ².

Alaska has a total area of 1,717,854km², accounting for 20% of the national area America The largest state by area. Southeast and south central are Temperate climate The annual temperature is about 0℃ ~ 15℃; Inland, the climate is continental, summer Polar day When up to 26℃, winter Polar night Up to -15℃; The west and southwest are affected Ocean current Influence, cold wind; Arctic Circle enneas Polar climate The temperature is below zero all year round. ^[1]

Chinese name: Alaska
Foreign name: Alaska State
Administrative category: state
Subordinate region: Northwest United States
Geographical position: East coast of the Northwest Pacific
Area product: 1717855 km²
Subordinate area: Southwest region, extreme North
Government premises: Juneau
Postal code: 99801 ^[15]

Climatic condition: Cold all year round
Population number: 739,800 ^[13] (2017)
Famous scenic spot: Denali National Park ^[10]
aerodrome: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Railway station: Anchorage train Station ^[12]
prescription: North American English
State tree: spruce
State flower: forget-me-not
prefect: Mike Dunleavy ^[9]
Major city: Anchorage ^[11]

catalogue

Historical evolution

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University of Alaska Fairbanks

In 1741, the Danish navigator Vitus Bering sailed to Gulf of Alaska .

In 1784, the Russians established a settlement in Sansheng Bay. The area has been part of Russia since 1799.

The year 1853 Crimean War After the outbreak, Russia, fearing the loss of the Alaska colony to Britain, proposed to sell Alaska to the United Kingdom America On March 30, 1867, the United States withdrew from the United States for $7 million plus a fee of $200,000 Tsarist Russia They bought nearly 1.7 million square kilometers of Alaska for an average of two cents per acre ^[3] . The effective date of the land contract was October 18, 1867, so the state designated this day as "Alaska Day."

The Alaska Territory was established in 1912.

It was incorporated as the 49th state in 1959.

Established in 1917 University of Alaska .

February 5, 1985, with the Chinese Heilongjiang Province A friendly relationship was concluded. ^[2]

Administrative division

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Alaska has 16 borough (Borough, B.). In addition, perhaps for the convenience of the Census, there are also census areas (C.A.) in the census, there are 11.

Municipalities and census tracts	C2000	Area (km²)	The capital	CC2000
Borough of East Aleutian Aleutians East B.	2697	18099	Sandpoint, Sand Point
West Aleutian Census Area Aleutians West C.A.	5465	11388	Unalaska, Unalaska
Anchorage Anchorage B.	260283	4395	The Anchorage (Metropolitan area population: 319,605)	260283
Bessel Census Area Bethel C.A.	16006	105239	Oh, Bethel
Bristol Bay Bristol Bay B.	1258	1308	King Salmon of Solomon
The borough of Denali Denali B.	1893	33023	Healy, Healy
Dillingham Dillingham C.A.	4922	48368	Dillingham. Dillingham
Fairbanks-northstar Borough Fairbanks North Star B.	82840	19078	Fairbanks Fairbanks	30780
The Borough of Haines Haines B.	2392	6071	Haines
Juneau Juneau B.	30711	7037	The Juneau	30711
Borough of the Kenai Peninsula Kenai Peninsula B.	49691	41474	Kenai. Kenai
Municipality of Ketchikan Ketchikan Gateway B.	14070	3193	Ketchikan Ketchikan
Kodiak Island Kodiak Island B.	13913	16990	Kodiak. Kodiak
Lake - Peninsula Borough Lake and Peninsula B.	1823	61595	King Salmon of Solomon
Municipality of Matanuska-Susitna Matanuska-Susitna B.	59322	63926	It's Wasilla
Nome Census Area Nome C.A.	9196	59573	Nome Nome
North Slope Borough North Slope B.	7385	230036	Barrow Barrow
Northwest - Arctic Borough Northwest Arctic B.	7208	92976	Kotzebue
Prince of Wales - Waikichikan Population Pucha District Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan C.A.	6146	19194	Craig
Sitka Sitka B.	8835	7444	Nootka Sitka
Skaguy-huna-angon Census area Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon C.A.	3436	20451	Oh, Hoonah
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Southeast Fairbanks C.A.	6174	64271	Three Delta Junction
Valdez-cordoba Population Pcha District Valdez-Cordova C.A.	10195	88886	Valdez Valdez
Wyde-hampton Census Area Wade Hampton C.A.	7028	44532	Hooper Bay, Hope Bay
Wrangle-petersburg Census Tract Wrangell-Petersburg C.A.	6684	15113	Petersburg. Petersburg
Yakutat Yakutat B.	808	19814	Yakutat Yakutat
Yukon-koyukuk Census Area Yukon-Koyukuk C.A.	6551	377881	Galena

Geographical environment

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Geographical area

Southwest region

Include from The Aleutian Islands The prairie to the volcanic area of Katmai National Park, the first Russian American landing point in Alaska, is accessible only by air and water. It is home to two of the country's three largest fishing ports. The indigenous people of this area are the Yupik, known for their basket-weaving skills The Inuit and The Aleuts . ^[4] The waters are home to a variety of Marine life, and the Aleutian Islands are home to more than 230 species of birds. ^[5]

Boreal region

It is the home of the Inupiat people and is also present aurora and Polar day The district. Traditional Inuit life, modern oil technology and herds of wild elk intertwine to create a unique scene. Kotzebu and Barrow are the two largest Inuit communities in Alaska. The Dalton Highway in the area leads to Prudhoe Bay ^[14] It is connected to the Alaska Highway System and is the only access road to the far North.

Inland region

Yukon The Yukon River is the northernmost river on Earth, about 2,000 miles long, running through the interior of Alaska and Canada, from the ancient city of Klondike into the Bering Sea, the main indigenous people are the Athabascan Indian It is famous for weaving beaded jewelry. The second largest city in Alaska Fairbanks Located in the center of the region, dug up during the Gold Rush, it was a trade and transportation center with naval and army bases, University of Alaska It's also located here. Denali It is the highest peak in North America and is surrounded by Denali National Conservation Park, which contains many wildlife such as Reindeer , flathorn deer, Dorr bighorn sheep and Grizzly bear And so on.

South central district

The Alaska Range clearly delineates the curve of the Gulf of Alaska and gives the appearance of south-central Alaska. Home to more than half of Alaska's population, it is home to glaciers, fjords, roadside lakes, calm beaches and watercrests Salmon The rivers are beautiful all year round. There are large areas of farmland, fishing areas, national parks, ski resorts and international cities Anchorage (Anchorage). Important highway traffic in the state passes through the area, as does the Alaska Railroad and Alaska Shipping System. Anchorage It is an important transportation hub with easy access to Mount McKinley, Denali National Park, Fairbanks Let's wait. Anchorage is also the gateway to the Pacific Great Circle Route.

Southeast region

The interior corridor of Southeast Alaska is glacier-cut terrain, growing hemlock and spruce There are natural pristine waters, snowy peaks, deep fjords and forested islands, too Vulture , Sea lion, Dolphin and Whale The main habitat. Juneau It is the capital and third largest city of Alaska, which rose during the gold Rush; Sitka is home to a major Russian-American population; Petersburg has many remnants of Norwegian lumberjacks; In Skagway, you can also vividly recreate life a hundred years ago; Ketchikan boasts the largest number of totem ruins in the world; In Port Chilkoot in Haines there is a traditional cultural centre. This is Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian Indian Its cultural heritage is reflected in totems, masks, beading, basket-weaving and carvings.

Alaska

climate

Alaska's large area, coupled with its rugged terrain, results in a diverse climate. South Coast, Southeast, Gulf of Alaska islands and The Aleutian Islands Belong to Temperate Marine climate The average temperature in summer is 4 ~ 16℃, the average temperature in winter is 4 ~ -7℃, and the annual precipitation is 1525 ~ 4065 mm. The inland basin is a subfrigid zone, drier than the coast, and slightly cooler, with an average temperature of 7 to 24 ° C in summer and -7 to -23 ° C in winter. Anchorage's average annual precipitation is 635 mm. The Bering Sea coast and islands have an Arctic maritime climate, with summer temperatures ranging from 4 to 16℃ and winter temperatures ranging from -7 to -23℃. The central Plateau has a continental climate, with summer temperatures of 7 ~ 24℃ and winter temperatures of -23 ~ -34℃, and annual precipitation of 255 ~ 510 mm.

The polar plain is a polar climate, the summer temperature is 2 ~ 13℃, the winter temperature is -21 ~ -29℃, but in summer, the temperature can rise to 32℃ under the continuous sunshine for 24 hours.

population

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The population is 739,800 (2017), ranking 47th in the United States, accounting for 0.23% of the total population of the United States. ^[13] The state's population is 67.6 percent white, Native American and Native people of Alaska Accounted for 15.6%, Latino 4.1% of the population, Asian 4 percent. The capital Juneau Juneau, population 31,000, is located in southeast Alaska and is not connected by land and is transported by water or air. Anchorage Anchorage is the largest city in Alaska with a population of 292,000.

Alaska Natives have Indian , The Inuit and The Aleuts That's about 1/7 of the state's population. The rest is Yankee , Russian , Japanese , Chinese And other nationalities. There are 80,000 military personnel and their families in the state. 46% of the population lives in Anchorage Area.

economy

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The main economy is fishing, mining, forestry and tourism. Salmon is the main fish. The main minerals are oil and natural gas, followed by coal, gold, copper and so on. Tourism is growing rapidly.

Oil and gas industry

petroleum The natural gas industry includes the exploitation, development and manufacture of oil and gas products, as well as oil and gas field services and pipeline transportation. The oil and gas industry is the largest employment provider in Alaska and the backbone of the state, with more than half of state revenue coming from the oil and gas industry. In the 1970s, Alaska built a total length of 1,200 kilometers "Trans-Alaska Pipeline", through which Alaska's oil is continuously transported to the United States and the rest of the world, transporting about 1.45 million gallons of oil a day, from Prudhoe Bay on the north coast to the ice-free port of Valdez in the south Central. Oil is loaded onto tankers here. There are two major concentrations of oil and gas in Alaska: COOK INLET in the south-central part of the state and the northern tip of Alaska. ^[6]

Fishery industry

Surrounded by the sea on three sides, Alaska's 34,000 miles of coastline and the icy waters surrounding it are among the largest and richest fishing grounds in the world, so the fishing industry has a significant impact on the economic and social makeup of Alaska. Alaska has some world-class fishing ports, such as Dutch Harbor and Kodiak Harbor, rich in seafood, is one of the few places in the world to provide a large supply of many types of deep-sea fish and wild salmon. Alaska's annual seafood exports account for more than 56% of the United States, such as a single country, can be ranked in the world's top six. Most of America's salmon, crab, flounder and Herring All from Alaska. In 2011, Alaska's total exports were 5.24 billion US dollars, of which seafood exports still occupy the first place, 2.5 billion US dollars, is 47.7% of the total exports, so fisheries is well-deserved Alaska's pillar industry. China In 2011, Alaska exported $882 million of seafood to China, accounting for 61.3% of Alaska's total exports to China.

Forest industry

Alaska's forests are managed by the federal government (51%), state, university, and local governments (25%), local businesses (23.6%), and private forest owners (0.4%). Most commercial logging is in coastal areas, primarily on forest lands owned by the federal government and local businesses.

The logging, sawmilling and paper industries also provide many jobs for Alaskans. The TONGASS National Forest Area in southeast Alaska contains 17 million acres of forest land, including more than 5 million acres of commercial forest land. Tree species include white spruce, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, mountain hemlock, western red cedar, and Alaska cedar (Alaska Cedar), black cottonwood, balsam poplar, quaking aspen, paper birch, Pacific yew (Atlantic Yew), Pacific silver fir (Atlantic silver fir), subalpine fir, silver willow (Silver willow) and Hooker willow.

Mining industry

As the largest state in the United States, Alaska is rich in mineral resources, zinc , lead , gold In 2011, Alaska's mineral exports amounted to $1.84 billion, of which $480 million was exported to China.

tourism

Tourism refers primarily to non-resident travel to Alaska. The summer period from May to September is the prime time to visit Alaska, because summer is the most comfortable and pleasant season in Alaska. People usually take cruise ships, planes, highways and ferries in three ways. The Alaska Travel Industry Association (Alaska Travel Industry Association) is the official tourism marketing agency of the state of Alaska, mainly responsible for promoting Alaska's rich tourism resources and year-round tourism programs, promoting the Alaska Highway and high-speed waterway tourism transportation services, Enhance the content of small tourism services, such as fishing sports tourism, cultural tourism, ecological tourism, etc., while promoting the catering and accommodation service industry, establishing a liaison platform for tourists and its more than 1,000 members, providing support and assistance.

A total of 1.56 million people visited Alaska from May to September 2011, up 2 percent from 2010. Of those, 57 percent took a cruise, 39 percent flew, and 4 percent drove. Tourists spent a total of $1.5 billion, not including round-trip fares. Eighty-three percent of visitors came from the United States.

traffic

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A train running on the Alaska Railroad

Land: The Alaska Highway is the only land route to the outside world.

Waterways: The Alaska Marine Highway is a very important shipping system that transports many passengers between the state's 28 towns and cities, as well as to the mainland Washington State , Canada British Columbia and Bellingham.

Railway: From Seward in the south to Fairbanks in the north, a total length of 470 kilometers, not only passenger cars, but also as tour buses.

In northern Alaska, Snowmobiles and traditional dog sledding are the most common means of transportation in winter, while in rural areas with few roads and rough terrain, All terrain vehicles are also important. ^[7]

travel

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Alaskan aurora

Alaska, which straddles the Arctic Circle, has about 3 million lakes, 94 of which are more than 10 square miles wide; Of the 20 high mountains in North America, 17 are in Alaska. The natural environment creates Alaska's national parks, which have earned them the title of "Last Virgin Land."

It's an Alaskan dog pull from October to March sleigh In the peak season of the competition, almost every town holds regional competitions on weekends and holidays, from children to adults are divided into several levels according to age, holding cross-country time trials of varying kilometers; At the end of March, the all-Alaska regional finals were held.

Alaska has the highest number of national parks in the United States. The largest national park in the United States is Wrangle-St. Elias, Alaska, which covers 32,000 square kilometers, or six times the size of Yellowstone.

Denali National Park The reserve is Alaska's most famous national park, stretching 256 kilometers across the Alaska Range, including Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America at 6,193 meters above sea level. Denali National Park is the world's largest ecological reserve, nature conservation is done quite thoroughly. The park retains the original mountains, glaciers, forests, etc., contains many special polar plants and wild animals, and is definitely a perfect ecological observation place. And the park is not only built a road, to facilitate more careful observation. Here, grizzly bears, deer, moose, caribou Hundreds of species of plants and animals rest here. ^[8]

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