纺织原料_百度百科

Textile raw materials are a relative concept.

For cotton mills, textile raw materials refer to everything used spinning Natural or Chemical fibre .

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the early Western Han Dynasty, textile technology had reached a very high level, and the main raw materials were hemp and silk. Silk cultivation is one of the world's recognized great inventions, as early as 2000 years ago was transmitted to Southeast Asia, 1800 years ago to Korea and Japan, 1600 years ago to Central Asia, 1400 years ago to Greece, 900 years ago to Italy, the Italians are inspired by the silk cultivation after the invention of chemical fiber production technology! From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, a large number of exquisite silk fabrics were exported by land and by road, opening up the famous "Silk Road" in history, and China was thus praised as "the country of Silk" by Eurasian countries.

In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the extensive cultivation of cotton in the Central Plains and the Yangtze River Valley, the handmade cotton textile industry developed rapidly, and cotton gradually became the main textile raw material.

Because cotton is suitable for concentrated cultivation, high unit yield, good performance, coupled with the development of cotton textile processing technology, especially since the middle of the 18th century, the steam engine as the power, the cotton textile industry as the leading industry, the combination of the two took the lead in the United Kingdom to promote the world's first industrial revolution, from cotton production on the world's dominant position in textile fibers, Until the 1950s, cotton and cotton textile industry has been in the center of the world textile industry. Although silk and wool have a long history, due to various restrictions on breeding conditions and regional environment, the output has been in a weak position and can only be used as a precious textile raw material. Therefore, from the world's first industrial revolution to the middle of the 20th century, the cotton-based textile industry has dominated the world textile industry for 200 years.

World War II After the end, to Viscose fibre Cellulose fiber as the main body and synthetic fiber with "nylon, polyester, acrylic fiber" as the three pillars began to enter the industrial mass production. The birth and development of chemical fiber is a great revolution in the history of the world textile industry, which is changing the whole face of the textile industry. In a short period of more than 30 years, on the one hand, it has quantitatively promoted the unitary attribute of textile industry which has been attached to agriculture for thousands of years to the dual structural system characterized by agriculture and industrial processing; On the other hand, it can rely on people's wisdom and strength to create fibers with unprecedented special functions from the use of performance, making it become the basic raw materials in industry, agriculture, transportation, medicine and health and many high-tech fields, and developing the textile industry from the original simple processing industry into a composite industry of raw material industry + processing industry.

People's quality of life is constantly improving, and they are increasingly pursuing comfortable and environmentally friendly clothing. Natural textile fibers are favored because of the advantages of comfortable wearing, good air permeability, health care, anti-static and antibacterial, while natural textile fibers are biodegradable and renewable, in line with the requirements of clean environmental protection and sustainable development. Fossil resources such as oil are continuously depleted, and it can be predicted that natural textile raw materials will become the leading raw materials of the textile industry. Natural textile fibers will maintain a strong market demand, and the application of clean natural raw material refining technology and the development of new natural fiber raw materials will make greater progress. Pure natural Bamboo fibril , mulberry bark fiber, Apocynum fiber Pineapple leaf fiber and coconut shell fiber will become common raw materials in the textile industry. ^[1]

Chemical fiber Fiber: Polyester staple fibre , nylon staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, Acrylic staple fiber , Viscose staple fiber

For weaving enterprises, that is, weaving enterprises, textile raw materials refer to all yarns and filaments used for weaving.

Textile raw material

Yarn category: pure Cotton yarn , Spun rayon yarn , Pure polyester yarn , polyamide Yarn, Acrylic fiber Yarn, Polypropylene fibre Yarn, Linen Yarn, ramie Yarn, and various raw materials Blended yarn And multi-component yarns, etc

Filaments: terylene DTY, Polyester FDY, Polyester POY, nylon DTY, nylon FDY, nylon POY, Polypropylene filament , Viscose filament , spandex , Acetate fibre Etc.

For cotton textile enterprises, textile raw materials naturally refer to Cotton type fibre ,

For example: cotton: 137, 129, 229, 329, etc

Polyester short: 1.4DX38mm, etc

Adhesive length :1.5DX38mm 1.2DX38mm, etc

(1) Type: cotton (white cotton, Colored cotton , Organic cotton Etc.), hemp ( Linen , ramie , Sisal hemp Etc.), silk ( Mulberry silk , Tussah silk Etc.), wool (wool, rabbit hair, Australian wool Etc.)

(2) Introduction

Natural fibre It is directly obtained from natural or artificially cultivated plants and artificially raised animals Textile fibre , yes Textile industry An important source of material. Despite the rapid growth of synthetic fiber production since the middle of the 20th century, the composition of textile raw materials has changed greatly, but natural fibers still account for about 50% of the total annual output of textile fibers.

Natural fibre Can be divided into plants Cellulose fibre (Cotton, kapok, jute , Linen , ramie , Bamboo fiber Etc.) and animals Protein fibre (Wool, Cony hair , silk , duck down, goose down, camel down, etc.) and mineral fiber. Plant cellulose fiber is mainly cotton wool, which is warm and easy to bind. besides Jute fiber It has many varieties, often used for flax. People have a long history of using hemp fiber. Hemp fiber has moisture absorption, antibacterial and antibacterial properties, health care and resistance Ultraviolet radiation The function of. Bamboo fiber in recent years has made great progress in the development of research, its appearance is silky luster, its cross section is covered with oval void, so moisture absorption, moisture removal and Air permeability Ranked first among all fibers, known as "breathing ecological fibers", and has natural antibacterial and deodorant functions, and can be 100% degraded, and is a pollution-free hugging fiber. And high-tech Soybean fiber , Corn fiber Let's wait.

There are many types of natural fibers, and a large number of long-term textiles are cotton, linen, wool and silk. Cotton and hemp are Plant fibre Hair and silk are Animal fibre . Asbestos is found in the layers of the earth's crust, called Mineral fibre It is an important building material and can also be used for textile applications. Cotton fiber The output is the most, the use is very wide, can be sewing clothes, sheets, bedding and other daily necessities, can also be used as canvas And conveyor belt material, or made of batting for insulation and as filling material. Jute fiber Most of it is used in the manufacture of packaging fabrics and ropes, and a part of the fine quality hemp fiber can be used as clothing. Wool and wool silk Much less than cotton and hemp, but it is an excellent textile material. with Wool fibre Be made from Woolen fabric , use Silk fiber Made of silk, sewn for clothing, gorgeous solemn, loved by people. in Textile fibre In the middle, only wool fibers have the properties of pressing into felt. Wool fiber is also the best raw material for fiber carpet.

Widely distributed in Seed plant One of sclerenchyma . Its cells are slender, sharp at both ends, and have thicker Secondary wall Often on the wall Simple pit There are usually no live ones at maturity protoplast . Plant fibre It mainly plays a mechanical support role in plants.

Metal fiber sintered filter felt

In the stalks of plants, such as ramie , Cannabis , Linen and jute Herbaceous stems with particularly developed bast fiber bundles, used in various textiles. These fibers have little or no lignification and are called soft fibers. In the woody stems of some plants, Bast fibre Also very developed, they are excellent raw materials for the manufacture of special paper, such as mulberry , Broussonetia officinalis , sandalwood Let's wait. Leaf fibers are mainly found in Monocotyledonous plants In the vein of the leaf, the cell wall is lignified to a higher degree and has a hard texture, called hard fibers. This kind of fiber tension, strong corrosion resistance, mainly used to make ropes, or roving For such purposes as Sisal hemp , Musa hemp Let's wait.

Make use of

The fibers in the root are generally less, but some plant fibers in the root can also be used, such as iris . In addition, some plant fruits contain fiber in the peel, such as coconut Or grow fibrous hairs with special uses, such as Jibes. Seed surface growth Epidermal fur A prominent example is cotton fiber, and other seeds such as kapok and willow also have fibers on their surfaces. According to the different distribution positions of fibers in the plant body, it can be roughly divided into Outside the xylem Fiber and xylem There are two types of fiber. Primary fibers occur before the organ extends, and they can continue to grow to a considerable length while surrounding cells are still dividing. ramie The fibers stop stretching after it occurs Secondary wall When deposited, the base of the fibers may also have thick secondary walls. But there's still life at the top Contents And thin cell walls, so that the tip of the cell can continue to expand.

Developmental process

Cotton fiber It is the upper epidermis of cotton ovule Cell elongation Part of... Its development process is: when the cotton ovule is fertilized, the ovule Cuticular layer On the birth of fibers Hair cell Elongate rapidly. After that, the cell wall also gradually thickens, that is Primary wall A secondary wall containing cellulose is continuously deposited inside. Near seed maturity, fibrous cells originally tubular, shriveled, flattened, and twisted, remain in the cell wall protoplast It also becomes dry and deposited. After the cotton boll cracks, the fiber cells die and become silvery white cotton fibers.

The main component is cellulose, also known as natural Cellulose fibre . It is the fiber obtained from seeds, fruits, stems, leaves, etc., on plants. According to the different parts of the plant growth, divided into Seed fibre , Leaf fibers And stem fibers.

1. Seed fiber: cotton, kapok Etc.;

2. Leaf fiber: Sisal hemp , Musa hemp Etc.;

3. Stem fibers : ramie , Linen , Cannabis , jute Let's wait.

Advantages: Wearing soft, comfortable, bright color, rich color, heat resistance, hydroscopicity Strong, Air permeability Yes. Disadvantages: Easy to wrinkle, required iron , easy to stain, easy to mold, Acid resistance Poor. High-grade clothing commonly used cotton: ① Long staple cotton (Generally using Egyptian cotton), cotton fibers are slender, white, delicate, feel extremely soft and comfortable. It is generally woven with super fine yarn, soft and delicate, drapability Excellent, but do not hang on a hanger after washing. 2. Sea island cotton Produced from several islands of the Caribbean coast, because of the long sunshine time in the region, the sun is full, so its fiber is thin and long, shiny, strong toughness, good softness, water absorption, is the best fabric for summer clothing. But the output is very small, very precious, with island cotton clothing prices are generally around 2000.00, PC and AQ clothing have such products. ③ Various detergents can be used in washing, and can be washed by hand. White clothes can be washed at high temperature with strong alkaline detergent to play a bleaching role; Do not soak for a long time, underwear can not be soaked in hot water, so as to avoid yellow sweat spots, wash in time, deep and light color separate; It should be dry in the sun, avoid exposure to the sun, so as not to fade dark clothes, when drying in the sun, the inside will face out. Do not wring out.

The characteristics are basically similar to cotton, which is more absorbent and cooler to wear. Cons: Easy to wrinkle, rough fabric, no smooth feeling when wearing.

Mainly wool and cashmere, its advantages are warm, light, no wet feeling when wearing, soft and comfortable, rich color, water is not easy to fade. Disadvantages: washing water treatment is difficult, can not be washed by machine, need to be flat dry, easy to deform, strong shrinkage. PC wool clothing is selected from the wool of the best quality ----, that is, "fine sparse wool", not only feel good, fine texture, quality is more guaranteed. In addition to retaining the characteristics of wool: warm, gentle, breathable, but also with "washable", "shrinkable water" and other functional functions, suitable for general household washing methods, can save economy, achieve throttling effect to play the throttling effect. The mercerized wool garment can even be machine washed. When washing, dry cleaning is the best cleaning method. If it is indicated that water can be washed, hot water, alkaline or concentrated acid washing is prohibited. Dissolve in 30 degrees of neutral washing water, then put people to wash, gently scrub, can not be washed with a brush, after washing naturally flat dry, ironing, the temperature should be moderate (about l40 degrees), it is best to pad a cloth on the ironing. Textile raw material primary processing equipment

Cashmere products: with comfortable wearing, strong warmth, full suede, soft feel, soft luster, unique style, favored by consumers. cashmere There are cashmere and Sheep wool The value of cashmere is higher than sheep cashmere, PC clothing are mainly produced from a layer of fine wool on the goat, the production of cashmere is very low, generally each goat's annual cashmere output is only about 150g -250g, its texture is soft, delicate, smooth, shiny and so known as "soft gold", its woven fabric Cashmere content The higher the price, the more expensive cashmere fiber with its soft, light, soft, slippery characteristics, enjoy the reputation of "fiber gem". At the same time, it is also made of cashmere products with a comfortable suede full, soft feel, soft luster unique style, favored by consumers cashmere products delicate, elegant, luxurious, wearing comfort. For example: (PAS-PSP-XR05 -). Generally dry cleaning, can also be washed by hand; When washing by hand, the special detergent is mixed in 35oC water, the soaked cashmere sweater is soaked for 15-30 minutes, and the key dirty areas and neckcuffs are washed with a high concentration of detergent, taking the method of squeezing and kneading, and the rest of the parts are gently patted and kneaded (if stained with coffee, juice and blood, etc., should be sent to a special washing and dyeing shop for washing), flowers or multi-color cashmere sweaters should not be soaked. Cashmere sweaters of different colors should not be washed together to avoid dyeing. Rinse with clean water about 30oC, after washing, you can put the supporting softener in accordance with the instructions, feel better. Squeeze out the water in the cashmere sweater after washing, put it in the net and dehydrate it in the dewatering cylinder of the washing machine. Lay the dehydrated cashmere sweater flat on the table, and arrange it into a prototype dry by hand. Do not hang it in the sun. After drying, the steam ironing can be used at medium temperature (about 140oC), the distance between the iron and the cashmere sweater is 0.5-1cm, do not press on it, such as using other irons must be padded with wet towels.

Sheep wool

The main component is protein, also known as natural Protein fibre It is divided into hair and glandular secretions.

1. Hair: Sheep wool , Goat hair , Camel hair , Cony hair , Yak hair Etc.;

2. Gland secretions: Mulberry silk , Tussah silk Let's wait.

Use natural or synthetic the High molecular compound As raw material Chemical spinning And made of fiber. Can be divided into Artificial fibre , Synthetic fibre , inorganic fiber.

Using natural or synthetic polymer substances as raw materials, through chemical or physical methods to produce fibers collectively. Due to the different sources of polymer compounds used, it can be divided into Natural polymer Artificial fibers and synthetic fibers using synthetic polymer materials as raw materials.

Chemical fibre It can also be divided into natural cellulose as raw materials through chemical dissolution after regeneration of fibers: Artificial fibre viscose rayon , Rayon cotton Copper ammonia rayon, etc.), Acetate fibre (diacetate, triacetate) and petroleum-based synthetic fibers ( terylene , Spandex, Polypropylene fibre , Aramid fiber , Acrylic fiber , vinylon , nylon, etc.).

Chemical fibre The preparation of natural or synthetic polymer substances or inorganic substances is usually first made into spinning melt or solution, and then filtered and measured by Spinning nozzle Extruded into a liquid stream, which then solidifies into fibers. At this time, the fiber is called the primary fiber, its mechanical properties are very poor, and it must go through a series of post-processing processes to meet the requirements of textile processing and use. Post-processing is mainly for fiber stretching and Hot setting To improve the mechanical properties and properties of the fiber Dimensional stability . Stretching is the orientation of macromolecules or structural units in the primary fiber along the fiber axis; Heat setting is mainly made in the fibers Internal stress Slack. Wet spinning Fiber processing also includes washing, oiling, drying and other processes. When spinning filament, it can go through the above process wind In barrels; spin Staple fibre It is also necessary to increase the crimping, cutting and packaging processes.

With cellulose, protein, etc Natural polymer Material as raw material, by Chemical processing It is produced by spinning and post-processing Textile fibre . With the loss of textile processing value of fiber raw materials, by artificial dissolution or melting and then drawing silk made, its original chemical structure unchanged, fiber components are still cellulose and protein, and the formation of physical structure, chemical structure changes of the derivative, the composition of cellulose acetate fiber.

Artificial fibre There are mainly Viscose fibre , Nitrate fibre , Acetate fibre , Cuprammonium fibre and Artificial protein fibre Etc., which viscose fiber is divided Common viscose fiber And new viscose fibers with outstanding properties (e.g High wet modulus fiber , Super strong viscose fiber and Permanent crimp viscose fiber Etc.).

1. Regenerated cellulose fibre : Viscose fiber, Rich fibre , Copper ammonia fibre Etc.; (The difference is Caustic soda , Sulfur dioxide Dissolve in different solutions)

2. Cellulose ester fibre : acetate fiber;

3. Regenerated protein fiber Dimension: Soybean fiber , Peanut fibre Let's wait.

A fiber made from synthetic polymer compounds by spinning.

1. Common synthetic fibers: terylene , nylon, acrylic, Polypropylene fibre , vinylon , Polyvinyl chloride fibre Etc.;

Textile raw material

2. Special synthetic fibre : Aramid fiber , Spandex, Carbon fiber Let's wait.

Mercerized cotton

Chemical fibre One of the two major categories. with Synthetic polymer Any of the chemical fibers produced as raw materials. Polyamide cellulose , Polyester fibre , Polypropylene acrylic fibre , Polyvinyl formaldehyde fiber It is the four major varieties of synthetic fiber in China. In addition Polypropylene fibre , Polyvinyl chloride fibre There is also a certain amount of production.

Mineral fiber refers to the mineral as the raw material Chemical fibre . The main varieties are glass fiber, Quartz glass fibre , Boron fibre , Ceramic fibre and Metal fibre Let's wait.

Glass fibre A fiber made by drawing glass melt. The main component is Silicon dioxide , Aluminium oxide , Calcium oxide Some other ingredients can also be added due to modification. Glass fiber is divided into silicate glass fiber and Borosilicate glass There are two types of fiber. Silicate glass Fibers are classified according to their characteristics: Alkali-free electric insulating glass (E glass), Soda glass (A glass), Chemical resistant glass (C glass), High-strength glass (S glass), Drilled glass (L glass), high Modulus of elasticity Glass (M glass) and low dielectric glass (D glass), etc.

Glass fiber is commonly manufactured by the following two methods: ① glass ball method, according to the required formula, glass balls are made, defective products are removed, and then sent crucible Medium melting, so that the molten glass from the bottom of the crucible out of many holes to form strands. After that, the bundles are oiled and bunched and sent to speeds of up to 2000-5000 m/min Wire-drawing machine Wound on the cylinder, stretched to become a glass filament; 2. Direct method : namely Tank kiln wire-drawing Dharma. It is not necessary to make glass balls first, and each component can be directly put into the pool kiln at the same time according to the ratio of melting, the molten glass is clarified through the small hole of dozens of drawing plates in the kiln, and then the glass filament is obtained according to the above-mentioned processing process. In addition, high pressure steam or Compressed air The blowout just came out Spinneret plate The glass flow of small holes is blown into a length of 12 to 38 cm Staple fibre , that is Glass wool . If a glass solution is thrown out of a small hole around a rapidly rotating container, it can be dispersed by centrifugal force and solidified into a fiber.

In addition to continuous filaments and short fibers cut to a certain length for fabric use, curl fibers, hollow fibers, hemp fibers and surface coated fibers have been developed. According to use: Yes twisting , Twistless yarn , Bulked yarn , Blended yarn , Dyed yarn , Conductive yarn , twine , Sewing thread , cable , Tire cord , Felt pad And all kinds of fabrics. The cross-section of the glass fiber is circular, the diameter is between a few microns and 20 microns, and the specific gravity is 2.4 ~ 2.7 g/cm 3; Tensile strength Up to 7 g/denier, Thermal conductivity 0.03 kcal/m · degree. It has good heat resistance, moisture resistance, non-flammability, chemical corrosion resistance, mold resistance, moth resistance, electrical insulation and other characteristics. Glass fiber is widely used in decorative fabrics, reinforced composite materials, electrical insulation, heat insulation, chemical filtration and environmental protection projects Sound-absorbing material . Fiberglass is light, strong, resistant to corrosion and high temperatures, and is also used to make high-load tires Tyre cord And conveyor belts, in rocket technology, Space suit and Artificial satellite Shell and other aspects are also widely used.

With high purity crystals quartz Processed fibers. Will quartz stick or Quartz tube pass Hydrogen and oxygen The high temperature of the blow pipe is initially melted into a fine wire, and then it is drawn into a quartz wire in the softened state through a row of axial hydrogen and oxygen fine blow pipes, and is wound on the metal cylinder net. The resulting fibers have a diameter of about 0.8 microns, the largest Tensile strength It is 650 kg/mm 2. Quartz fibre Acid-resistant, alkali-resistant (KOH exception), melting point more than 1660℃, there are good insulativity And resilience. Often used to filter hot acids and corrosive gases, can also be used Atomic energy Factory Thermal insulation And radiation-proof materials, jet Fibrous materials such as wings and missile components can also be manufactured Optical fiber .

Elemental boron, generally produced by boron halide reduction, is disintegrated into carrier fibers in a continuous evaporation device. Metal fibre or Chemical fibre ) on the formation of coated fibers. Carrier fibers in the desiccation chamber Boron trichloride In the mixed air flow with hydrogen, it passes slowly at a temperature of 1000 ~ 1200 ° C, and the vapor of element boron is deposited on the carrier fiber. By adjusting the speed of the carrier fiber passing through the deposition chamber, different diameters can be obtained Boron fibre . Boron fiber texture is soft, the diameter is generally about 100 microns, the specific gravity of 2.62 g/cm 3, melting point 2050℃. Modulus of elasticity than Glass fiber reinforced plastic Five times higher, Breaking strength Up to 280 ~ 350 kg/mm 2. Almost resistant to acid, base and most organic solvents, insulativity Good, capable of absorbing neutrons. However, boron fiber can react with most metals at high temperatures and become brittle, and the strength decreases significantly when the temperature exceeds 1200℃. Boron fibers are also made into textile materials used in space suits and space suits Fireproof clothing Outside, often with Metallic material Or plastic made of reinforced composite materials, used as aerospace, spacecraft resistance Ablative material And radiation-proof materials.

The main varieties are kaolin Fiber, bauxite Fiber, kyanite Fibers, etc. Are composed of Aluminium oxide and Silicon dioxide . Containing alumina and silica components Natural mineral After melting in a furnace, it flows out of a small hole in the bottom of the furnace and is blown into extremely fine fibers by nearly vertical compressed air. This fiber has outstanding heat resistance, remains elastic at 1260 ° C high temperature, can resist infrared radiation, has a strong filtration capacity, can filter particles with a diameter of only 0.3 microns, especially suitable for corrosive liquids and gases filtration, good insulation performance. The felt made from it is excellent Thermal insulation material Can be used as internal combustion engine, Jet engine And the rocket launch pad suppressor .

A fiber made of metal or other alloy. Early use of drawn wire or cut rolled metal foil to manufacture, now used Melt spinning Take by law. Metal fibre It is heavy, hard, does not absorb sweat, easy to rust, so it is not suitable for clothing. But can be used for interior decoration, curtains, hanging scenery and so on. Used in industry as a tire Tyre cord Electric work clothes, electrical materials, etc. In addition, there are Asbestos fibre , Mineral wool , High silica fiber , Alumina fibre Et al Inorganic fibre .

Chemical fibre The number is referred to as "Denier", the symbol is the English letter D, and the concept of 1 denier: the weight of 9000 meters of fiber is 1 gram. therefore denier The higher the diameter of the fiber is, the denier of the filling material used in general bedding is between 6D-15D, and the length of the fiber is about 6.4cm.

Mineral fibers such as asbestos.

Chemical fibre It is made of natural polymer compounds or synthetic polymer compounds as raw materials, through the preparation of spinning stock solution, spinning A fiber with textile properties produced by a process such as post-treatment.

Chemical fibers are further divided into two categories:

1. Artificial fibre , chemical fibers made of natural polymer compounds (such as cellulose) as raw materials, such as Viscose fibre , Acetate fibre .

Synthetic fibers, chemical fibers made of synthetic polymer compounds as raw materials, such as Polyester fibre , Polyamide fibre , Polyacrylonitrile fiber . Chemical fiber has the advantages of high strength, wear resistance, low density, good elasticity, no mold, not afraid of insects, easy to wash and dry, but its disadvantages are poor dyeing, large static electricity, poor light and weather resistance, poor water absorption.

2. What items belong to Natural fibre ?

Cotton fabric , Woolen goods , silk fabrics, Bast fibre fabric .

3. Where are synthetic fibers Six kinds of fiber ?

terylene , nylon, acrylic, vinylon , Polypropylene fibre , Polyvinyl chloride fibre .

4. What are the characteristics of knitted fabrics?

(1) Extensibility; (2) hygroscopic sum Air permeability ; (3) warmth retention; (4) Flexibility; (5) dissociation; (6) Curling.

5. What are the five types of textiles?

Woolen fabric

Cotton cloth Class, hessian Class, Woolen fabric Class, silk fabrics, chemical fibers. 6. What is it Polyester cotton blending What are the characteristics of things?

Polyester-cotton blends are made of terylene As the main components, the use of 65%-67% polyester and 33%-35% cotton mixed yarn woven textiles, Polyester-cotton fabric cotton Really cool .

Features: Both highlight the style of polyester and have Cotton fabric The advantages, in dry and wet conditions of elasticity and wear resistance are good, stable size, small shrinkage rate, with tall and straight, not easy to wrinkle, easy to wash, fast drying characteristics, can not be ironed with high temperature and boiling water immersion.

7. What is it tabby Knitted fabric?

Plain knitted fabric is a single side of fabric formed by a single piece of yarn along a horizontal sequence of coils.

8, What is rib knitted fabric? What are its characteristics?

Rib knitted fabric is formed by a single piece of yarn on the front and back in turn Coil longitudinal The knitted fabric.

Rib knitted fabric has Plain fabric It has the properties of dispersion, flanging and extension, and also has greater elasticity.

9. What is it Pure cotton woven fabric ? What are the categories?

Pure cotton woven fabric is made of cotton as raw material, through weaving A fabric formed by the interweaving of warp and weft.

Divided into natural white cloth, color cloth, floral cloth and Yarn-dyed fabric Four broad categories.

10. What is it terylene ?

dacron Polyester fibre The name of the commodity, also known as "the market" Really cool ". It started with oil and coking By-products are extracted from raw materials to form polymerization Ethyl benzoate The resin is then fused and spun into polyester.

11. Pure cotton What are the features?

Warm, moisture absorption, heat resistance, alkali resistance, health.

12. Mercerized cotton What are its characteristics?

Mercerized cotton is the best cotton, more than the general Cotton fabric Lightweight, soft to feel, comfortable to wear, does not irritate the skin, hygroscopicity , Air permeability Good.

13, the characteristics of nylon?

Dacron (also known as dacron) has anti-wrinkle, wear resistance, good shape preservation, poor permeability, easy to generate static electricity and other properties.

14. corduroy What material is it? What are its characteristics?

It is a kind of cotton, durable and soft.

15, What do you mean Washed cloth ?

Water washing is done Cotton cloth , silk Chemical fibre As raw materials, thick and other fabrics, after special treatment, the surface color and luster of the fabric are softer, the feel is softer, and a few points of old materials are reflected in the slight crease. This kind of clothes wear washing has the advantages of not easy to change shape, not fade, no ironing. The surface of the better washing cloth also has a layer of uniform plush, unique style. Clothes made of water-washed cloth are beautiful and generous, and are favored by people.

16, how to identify rayon , Real silk , Polyester silk ?

Rayon luster bright, feel a little rough hard, and wet cold feeling, with the hand clenched after release, more wrinkles, flat still have marks, pull out the cloth with tongue wet kneading, rayon stretch easy to break, broken. The elasticity is different when wet and dry.

Soft silk luster, soft feel, fine texture, rub each other, can make a special sound, commonly known as "silk singing" or "silk singing", with the hand after the release, wrinkles are less and not obvious, silk dry and wet elastic consistent.

Polyester silk reflective strong, stiffness, rapid rebound, crisp, good wrinkle resistance, strong, not easy to break.

17, What are the advantages and disadvantages of various fabric characteristics?

Cotton: Excellent: good comfort, soft feel, strong sweat absorption

Lack: poor durability, poor elasticity, fading and shrinking, easy to wrinkle

Hemp: Excellent: good comfort, good air permeability, affordable price

Deficiency: Itchy to skin, poor elasticity, fading

Wool: Excellent: good comfort, not easy to wrinkle, good elasticity

Lack: Itchy to the skin, easy to mold and decay

Polyester: good elasticity, high strength, smooth surface

Silk: Excellent: good comfort, good elasticity

Lack: strong crease, prone to decay, will shrink

rayon : Metallic luster Feel rough and hard

Silk: Glossy quiet, bright and not dazzling, soft feel, elastic, not easy to wrinkle

18. What do you mean Resin finish What are the advantages and disadvantages of resin-finished fabrics?

Resin finishing is the finishing of a class of amorphous organic compounds that are mostly soluble in alcohol and ether.

Advantages: improve anti-wrinkle ability, crisp, easy to wash and dry, no ironing, change and reduce the pilling phenomenon of chemical fiber fabric, improve elasticity, shape preservation;

Disadvantages: reduce the breaking strength of the fabric, Abrasion resistance Difference, part Resin treatment Make the fabric with fishy odor odor, such as improper handling, will make the fabric yellowing and damage.

The appearance, feel and other properties of the fabric after resin finishing have been greatly improved to meet the needs of consumers.

19, cotton polyester fabrics and Polyester cotton Is the fabric the same?

Polyester cotton and polyester Cotton-polyester fabric Although both are made of polyester and Cotton fiber blending But they are by no means the same fabric. Cotton/polyester is mainly cotton fiber, and polyester becomes an auxiliary blended fabric; Polyester/cotton is polyester as the main, cotton as the supplement, its blend ratio is 65% polyester,35% cotton. Cotton/polyester fabrics are not as strong and wear-resistant as polyester/cotton fabrics, but their hygroscopic properties are better and the price is better Pure cotton The fabric is the same.

20. What are the ways to identify textiles?

There are four: combustion method, microscope observation method, hand visual method, Chemical reagent Test method.

21, what is the count? What are high, medium and low branches?

textile Cotton yarn There are thick, there are thin, and this degree of thickness is usually used count To represent. The count is also a sign used to compare the thickness of cotton yarn, represented by "S".

High-count yarn : refers to more than 29 yarns;

Medium yarn: refers to 18-28 yarn;

low Yarn count : refers to less than 18 pieces of yarn.

Fiber type/longitudinal form/cross section form

Tencel fibre / Smooth/more regular round or oval, with skin core layer

Modal fibre / There are 1~2 grooves in the longitudinal direction/irregular waist circle, more smooth and leather core

Soy protein fibre / The surface has irregular grooves and island convex/flat dumbbell shape and round waist

Bamboo fiber / The surface is grooved/serrated, with skin core layer

Viscose based chitin fiber / The surface has obvious grooves/edge jagged, and the core layer has obvious small gaps

Definition: The fabric is burned on an open flame, and the deformation of the fiber after heat is observed, the flame condition, the difficulty and speed of combustion, the smell and color emitted, the shape of the ashes and leftovers after combustion, the hardness and other methods are identified.

Very simple method:

Cotton, burning in case of fire, fast, yellow flame, slightly gray smoke and burning paper smell, burnt embers soft, dark gray.

Hemp fiber: similar to cotton, but ash is grayish white.

Wool, does not burn, in case of first curl, after burning fiber foam, flame is orange, in the taste of burning protein, burning speed is faster than cotton, ash, is not formed black brown shape, crushed by hand, into loose powder.

silk : Burning shape with Wool fibre Similar, first rolled into a ball, burn faster than wool, protein flavor, but less odor than wool. When burned, it turns into a brown ball.

Viscose fibre : Similar to cotton, burns faster than cotton, yellow flame, burning paper odor, ash or light gray.

Tapefibre: Drops molten material when burning, and the flame is blue. There is black smoke on the top, slightly aromatic smell, and the ash is hard, and the finger is crushed.

Nylon: not easy to burn, see fire first curl, melt for transparent glue, while hot can pull out the silk, celery taste. Ashes do not break easily.

Textile raw material

catalogue

Textile raw materials overview

definition

Development course

species

Natural fibre

Plant fibre

distribution

intro

cotton

hemp

毛

Animal fibre

Unnatural fibre

definition

sort

preparation

Artificial fibre

Synthetic fibre

Mineral fibre

Glass fibre

Quartz fibre

Boron fibre

Ceramic fibre

Metal fibre

Chemical fibre

Identification method

microscopy

Combustion method