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The Kanagawa Treaty (Japanese: かながわじょうやく) was the treaty of Japan
The Edo shogunate
The Treaty of Peace with the United States, signed on March 31, 1854 (March 3, 7th year of the old calendar year), is commonly known in Japan as the Hime Treaty of Peace (にちべいわしんじょうやく). The signing representative, in
Japan
The plenipotentiary for
Lin Fuzhai
(President of the University) and the plenipotentiary for the United States
East Indies
Admiral
Matthew Perry
. The main stipulation in the treaty is that Japan must open up
Go to the field
with
Hakodate
The two ports traded with the United States and guaranteed the safety of the American crews of shipwrecked ships
guarantee
.
- Chinese name
- Treaty of Kanagawa
- Foreign name
- Kanagawa Treaty
- alias
- Treaty of Hime Kazuka
- Conclude a treaty
- March 31, 1854
- Representative of the United States
- Matthew Perry, Joe Abbott Etc.
- appraisal
- Unequal treaty
Treaty of Kanagawa
from
bakatsu
The chaotic period is here
Meiji
At first, the Kanagawa Treaty was nothing more than an inevitable arrangement between Japan and the great powers
Unequal treaty
One of them. As a result of this treaty, Japan opened Shimoda and Hakodate (now
Hakodate
Two ports, the Japanese isolationist system collapsed.
The original ratification of the treaty in Japanese is at the end of the act
Edo Castle
It was destroyed in the fire. One of the ratifications, originally written in Dutch, was repatriated by the United States and placed in the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration. Year 2004 (
Heisei
16) On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Japan-US exchanges, the United States sent a copy of the ratification of this Treaty to Japan.
The original name of the treaty in Japanese is called "Japanese", "Japanese" refers to Japan, "rice" refers to the United States (United States of America). The full name of the original treaty in Japanese Kanji is"
Milijian United States of Japan and pro-Treaty
, now
Japanese
Commonly known as the Treaty of Hime Kazumi.
In 1853 (6 years of Jiayong)
Perry
The year before, Fillmore, the Grand General of the United States, personally wrote to the shogunate asking for the founding of the country and trade, the shogunate hesitated for a year after the request, and the United States once gave up its idea. However, on February 13 of the following year (January 16, 7th Jiayong (old calendar)), the American ships entered port from Edo Tokyo Bay (Tokyo Bay) to visit Japan again. Shogunate in
Musashino
Kuragi Prefecture
Yokohama
Murakini komagata
Kanagawa Prefecture
A guest house was set up near the Kanagawa Prefecture Office in Yokohama City, located at the Yokohama Kaikang Museum), and the agreement took about a month from start to end, and the Kanagawa Treaty was concluded, with 12 articles in all.
Then the arena of engagement was moved to
Izu Nation
Shimoda (now
Shizuoka
On May 25 of the same year, the rules of the Kanagawa Treaty were finalized, according to which the Shimoda Treaty was concluded (all 13 articles in the text). The Perry fleet returned from Shimoda on 1 June of the same year. Further, on the way home stop in
Ryukyu
Merge with
Ryukyu Kingdom
Conclude a trade treaty.
The United States is in the Pacific
whaling
The event required a large amount of fuel, so it had to be refueled in Japan, and the fuel cost was raised, it was said at the time. But the main purpose of the American side was to resupply food and fresh water. In particular, for cereals and other foods, there was no refrigeration or vacuum preservation method. Also to prevent
beriberi
and
scurvy
Took place. Further to provide the crew in the fresh and quantity of food satisfaction, fresh vegetables and meat supplies are extremely important.
The contents of the Kanagawa Treaty are as follows:
· The supplies needed by American ships (purchased by payment) were collected at Shimoda and Hakodate after the port was opened.
Treaty port
The Settings).
· The American reservation is set in Shimoda
· One-sided
Most-favored-nation treatment
· The possible range of American activities is limited to 7 miles from the center of Shimoda and 5 miles from the center of Hakodate, and it is forbidden to enter the area of Takeya and Machicho.
· Temporary rest places for Americans are set up in Senji ·
Jade Spring Temple
The Americans
tomb
Set in Yuquan Temple.
· Americans are forbidden to engage in hunting activities such as hunting animals and birds.
The treaty shall take place of せ and り on the 3rd of March
treaty
Now the United States of America seeks friendship and friendship with the people of Japan, and in this regard will establish the constitution that will be maintained for a long time to come, so that the Grand Commander of the United States sent him to Japan, the Grand Prince of Japan sent Plihayashi University Toi to Masumi Isawa as the defense of the temple of the people's Ministry of little assistance and compliance with the imperial decree as left,
The people of one or two countries shall henceforth live in close friendship with each other, and shall not regard each other as superior or inferior to the other,
The Government of Japan hereby appoints the two ports of Shimoda Hakukan, to be used as the remaining places for the payment of wages, food, carboniferous, and other deficients of United States ships, to permit their ships to enter the port, provided that the port of Shimoda shall commence on the date of the seal of the Convention, that the port of Shimoda shall commence from March of the following year, and that the goods issued thereof shall be reported from the purchase prices of the Japanese officials, and shall be paid in gold and silver,
A ship of the United States that drifts on the shores of Japan shall save the Joo and all the things it carries with it, shall carry the ship to Shimoda or Hakodate, and shall bring the people of that country with it to Hong Kong, and shall pay the expenses of the Joo and the floating people, shall be the same to each other, and neither country shall have to pay the same,
A emigrant and a visitor to the United States should be treated with ease with the customs of overseas countries, and not be settled in the same place, but the United States is obliged to submit to the laws of Japanese justice.
The port of the United States and other visitors to the port, the officials of the two ports shall not imitate the Nagasaki port of Tangshan and LAN people and prohibit it, but the port of Shimoda, the island in the port is centered in the four directions, can walk seven miles, if the port of Hakukate walking rules, should be measured in the future,
(1) What is necessary and what else may be permitted shall be agreed upon between the two States,
A ship of the United States coming to both ports shall be permitted to exchange gold and silver and other goods for such things as are necessary, and shall be subject to the laws of the Government of Japan, and if such cargo is not to the liking of Japan, but is not, the people of the United States shall willingly bring it back,
First, the collection of wages, food, carbonaceous, and the lack of such things should be determined by the local officials, and none of them should be collected in private.
And if henceforth the Government of Japan agrees with the States abroad what it does not now agree with the United States, it shall also agree with the United States without delay,
When one or two ports are open, no American may enter them at will, except in the event of a sudden hurricane.
If there is a necessity for both Governments or for the placing of the General General of the United States in the field, but the placing of the General General shall be for a period after eighteen or eight months from the date of the Seal of the Covenant,
A treaty shall be agreed upon by the officials and people of both countries, and shall be addressed to the Maharaja of Japan by the agreement of the Grand Governor of the United States and the Ministers of the Council, and shall be exchanged in the next eighteen months with treaties to be ratified by the two Kings.
already
As mentioned above, bearing witness under the seal of all the full powers of the two countries,
Jiayong, March 3, 2007
[1]
Kanagawa Treaty in Japanese
The content of the Kanagawa Treaty is generally more clear from the perspective of "unequal treaties". On this point, "It wasn't the Japanese coming to the United States to demand the founding of the United States, it wasn't that kind of inequality thing." It may be extended to say that the Japanese side has gained much more of its founding interests than the American side. On the other hand, if you consider the later
Civilization and civilization
The phenomenon is that the Japanese side has gained much greater benefits, and it can also be said that "these are just the accepted views. In one respect, however, the content of the treaty and its de facto impact (further ex post facto evaluation) are confused, but the two are not related.
[2]
