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The Grand Duchy of Moscow; 1283-1547), one located in
Eastern Europe
From which the name "Moscow" derives
Finnish
It means "wet place".
Chronicles
Moscow was first recorded in 1147.
[1
]
Late 13th century by
The Grand Duchy of Vladimir
Sealed, the capital
Moscow
. In the early 14th century, the duchy gradually merged with the surrounding principalities, and the state gradually gained power. By the 1530s
Vasily III
Period, centered on the Duchy of Moscow
Russia
A unified country has basically taken shape. It was later claimed to be
Eastern Roman Empire
The successor of... until
Ivan the Fourth
Crown as
tsar
After, renamed
Tsarist Russia
.
In 1721, with
Sweden
the
Great Northern War
After the victory,"
The Peace of Nistat
"
Conclude and sign
,
tsar
Peter I
Awarded the title of "Emperor of All Russia" by the Russian Senate, he later became
Russian Empire
.
- Chinese name
- The Grand Duchy of Moscow
- Foreign name
- Grand Duchy of Moscow
- Abbreviated form
- Principality of Moscow
- continent
- Europe
- capital
- Moscow
- Major city
- Moscow
- Official language
- Old East Slavic
- Time zone
- UTC+2
- Political system
- Absolute monarchy
- National leader
- Danil Ivan the Third [1 ]
- Major nationality
- Russian
- Major religion
- Orthodox Church
- Front body
- The Grand Duchy of Vladimir
catalogue
Early history
Russian nation
The ancestors were raised in
Eastern European plain
A branch of the East Slavs. Since ancient times, in
Eastern Europe
The Slavs are not the only ones living on the plains. some
Baltic Sea
Finnish tribes along the coast occupy much of the forested land, and the southern steppe is inhabited by Russians who are a mobile people, with what Solovyov calls a "liquid factor." Act as
Eastern Slavs
One of the early Russians lived in the west from the beginning
The Dniester River
, east to
The Dnieper River
and
The Black Sea
The vast north shore
Eastern European plain
Up. The geography of this land is: forests and swamps crisscrossed, rivers crisscrossed, soil quality
Sandy clay
The main, while away from the sea, connected to the savannah. At the beginning of the AD, the East Slavs retained the clan system, with each tribe consisting of several clans. They cut down forests,
Land leveling
Engaged in farming, collective feeding
livestock
Hunting and fishing, all questions are decided by the clan assembly.
In the mid-11th century, due to
Kievan Rus
The law is given to all princes
Right of inheritance
The country gradually fell apart, and a number of principalities such as the Duchy of Vladimir Suzdaly emerged.
[2]
In 1169,
The Grand Duchy of Vladimir
He captured Kiev and forced Novgorod to surrender the following year.
[3]
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Grand Duchy of Vladimir became the largest feudal principality in Rus.
[3]
The Principality of Moscow was a feudal state in Northeastern Russia in the 14th and 15th centuries, and its capital was Moscow, hence its name.
The name "Moscow" comes from
Finnish
It means "wet place". The Grand Duchy of Vladimir
Yuri Dolgoruki
During the reign of the Grand Duke (1125-1157), the city of Moscow was founded (1147).
The first half of the 13th century, by
Duchy of Vladimir
It became the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became independent at the end of the 13th century. In the remote regions of Rus, Rus farmers lived next to the indigenous Ugri-Finnish tribes and gradually integrated with them. Their life, language and culture have taken on their own character. In this way, Northeast Rus' became the homeland of the Russian nation. It is the homeland of the Russian nation. For a long time, the center of the north-eastern Rus was a number of cities older than Moscow - Rostov,
Suzdari
And Vladimir. However, it is convenient and relatively safe
Geographical position
Provided favorable conditions for the development of Moscow. At first, Moscow was a defensive point at Suzdari, the southernmost point of the Principality of Vladimir, which served as a military frontier. Later, Moscow was separated and became a small principality, the first of which was Darniel, son of Alexander of Neva.
[1
]
At the beginning of the 14th century, the state became stronger and the surrounding duchy was merged one after another.
Ivan the Third (1462-1505), Grand Duke of Moscow, took advantage of the contradictions between the Khans and gradually annexed other states. In 1478, Ivan III stopped paying
tribute
. 1480, the Golden Horde
Ahuma
Lead the army to fight. Ivan the Third flinched and prepared to retreat. Under pressure from the citizens of Moscow, only Chen soldiers on the Uggla River, and
Kipchak Khanate
The army faced off across the river.
Uggla River standoff
). Soon the situation changed. The Kipchak Khanate's army was short of food due to the cold,
Poland
Reinforcements did not arrive, and when they heard that the capital city of Sarai was attacked by the Crimean Khan, they were forced to withdraw, and Ivan III won without a fight.
Novgorod
Since ancient times
Ross
with
Nordic
By country
Trade center
From the mid-12th century onwards, it formed its own unique city-state
republicanism
Polity, highest
Organ of power
It is the General Assembly (Vicher), which decides on important matters, elects various officials and elects them
archbishop
. The person actually in charge is
Council of nobles
Composed of the great nobles of the city, presided over by the Archbishop. It also has a maharaja, most of whom Witcher invites from other regions to serve as the maharaja, responsible for defense and commanding the army, but he must obey the ancient customs of the region, and if he conflicts with Witcher, he is punished by 黜退. The Republic of Novgorod has a huge territory, from
Gulf of Finland
Up to
The Ural Mountains
.
At the end of the 12th century,
Sweden
Conquered
Finland
The horde, took over the Finnish Sea. In July 1240, the Swedish fleet invaded from the Finnish Sea
Neva
.
The Prince of Novgorod
Defeated the Swiss at the mouth of the Neva River. In the same year, Livonia
knighthood
(also known as
Germanic
The Knights also invaded Ross and occupied it
Pskov
In April 1242, the Prince of Novgorod defeated the Knights on Lake Chude, according to history
Battle of Lake Chude
Or the Battle of the Frozen Lake.
In 1456,
Grand Duke of Moscow
Vassily II (reigned 1425-1462) led the crusade
Novgorod
. 1478, Grand Duke of Moscow
Ivan the Third
(reigned 1462-1505) was formally annexed
Novgorod
The Republic, this is
Russia
Move towards
centralization
A major step for the country. Ivan the Third married in 1472
Byzantium
Niece of the last emperor
Sophia Palaiorog
For after, think is
The Byzantine Empire
The rightful heir to the throne (
Eastern Roman Empire
It was adopted in 1453
Ottoman Empire
Destroyed). In addition, Ivan III also gave the Byzantine coat of arms -
Two-headed Hawk
Introduction of national emblem
Russia
. Since then, the double-headed eagle has become the national emblem of the Russian state. "
The Third Rome
The idea prompted the Moscow regime to attempt to turn the Duchy of Moscow into a "kingdom" and the Grand Duke of Moscow into
tsar
(Previously only Byzantine emperors had this title).
[1
]
Son of Ivan the Third
Vasily III
(reigned 1505 -1533) annexed
Duchy of Tver
,
The Republic of Pskov
(Russia -
Estonia
Border), the Duchy of Ryazan, captured in 1514
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Smolensk, though defeated
Battle of Orsha
Smolensk was still under control.
Yaroslavl
And Rostov's own laws were abolished, with only a few remaining, subject to submission to the Grand Duke of Moscow
Right of autonomy
.
So far, Russia
Ross
The unified state was basically formed, and its territory reached to the north
White Sea
, South Arrive
Okha
, west and
The Dnieper River
Upstream, east
The Ural Mountains
. The unification of the vast territories of Northeast and Northwest RUS was centralized
Administrative management
The system took the first step. In 1497 a law code was issued for all of Rus, and grand princes were appointed in all regions and cities
governor
.
From then on, the status of the Grand Duchy of Moscow changed completely. In the past, it was only one of many duchies in Northeast Ross, which became a powerful unified state. The power of the Grand Duke of Moscow was also changed, and in the past he was only "the most powerful of several equal princes"; he became the sole monarch of the whole of Russia, and the other princes came to serve him and became his subjects.
Moscow
state
Political system
A major shift took place, and Russia began a new one
Mode of political rule
But at this time Russia is still in
feudalism
Stage, not formed perfect
centralization
The system.