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The Sidwina River
The principal river of northern Latvia and Belarus
- Chinese name
- The Sidwina River
- Foreign name
- Western Dvina River
- Foreign name
- Daugava
- cradle
- The Valdai Hills
- Basin area
- 87900 km²
The Sidvena River originates in Russia
The Valdai Hills
Hit the mark
Little Devina Lake
First flow southwest to
Vitebsk
It turns to the northwest and flows through
Russia
,
Belarus
and
Latvia
At Riga it is finally injected into the Baltic Gulf of Riga. The river has a total length of 1020 km.
The water network in the basin is developed, but the tributaries are short and the area is not large. The left bank has the largest number of tributaries, accounting for about 80% of the total drainage area of the Dalgawa and Sidwina rivers.
Most of the areas in the basin are 100 to 200 meters above sea level, mostly undulating plains, there are many marshlands and forest areas. The river basin covers an area of 88,000 square kilometers, and its tributaries are short, with the left tributaries being the Myozha, Casplia, Urla, and Gisna rivers, and the right tributaries being the Toropa, Derissa, Aviekstai, and Ogele rivers. There are more than 5000 lakes in the whole basin, most of which are small lakes, the larger ones are:
Latvia
Within the borders of Lake Liena and Lake Lubana, upstream of Lake Rietessa, midstream (
Belarus
and
Latvia
Bordered by Lake Osvia and Lake Drysviat, the southern end of Lake Lucomley.
The Sidwina River
The Sidwina River basin is located between 24°-33°9' E and 54°3'-57°1' N. The lower reaches are swampy lowlands, and the upper and middle reaches are typical lake-moraine landscape areas. The low-lying areas between moraine ridges and hills are dotted with numerous glacial lakes. The northeastern and eastern parts of the basin are
The Valdai Hills
, it is
The Sidwina River
,
Volga
and
The Dnieper River
The watershed. Extending west from the Valdai Hills are intermittent hilly ridges (e.g., Berzenitz,
Latgar
Hills and Vitemu Hills), which from the north separate the basin of the Sidwina River from the basins that feed into the Gulf of Finland. South main through
Belarus
Ridge, will
The Sidwina River
River basin,
Neman
Catchment sum
The Dnieper River
The river basin is separated. The absolute height of the watershed is between 200-250 meters, with individual places reaching more than 300 meters.
The Valdai Hills
Mount Kaminnik is 321 meters above sea level).
[1]
In general, the topography of the basin is characterized by alternating uplands (e.g. Vitebsk Uplands, Gororokh Uplands, Ratgari Uplands, Vidzem Uplands) and wide lowlands (e.g. Polotsk Lowlands, Eastern Latvian lowlands, Central Latvian lowlands). The source of the river is many streams; After flowing through Lake Dviniets and Lake Ohwatt-Zadariya, it widens to 15m and flows in deep valleys with steep banks. This feature of the valley lasts for about 150 km and is only slightly eased after passing through Lake Luka and Lake Karakutskoye. On the coastal plain, the river flows slowly between the low and flat banks, and the river branches. The estuary is an eroded delta of about 35 km.
[1]
The geographical location of the Sidwina River means that the basin is under the strong influence of the western Marine air mass in winter, so the average temperature in January is -4 ° C -10 ° C, with some areas reaching -22 ° C. The average temperature in July decreases from south to north: from 20℃-22℃ to about 10℃. In winter, the thickness of snow cover in the upper reaches reaches 20-30cm.
[1]
The maximum precipitation in the Sidwina River basin is from July to August, with an average annual precipitation of about 654mm. The spring season runs from late March to early June, with water levels reaching their maximum in April to early May. The lowest water levels occur in the summer (July-August) and start to rise again in October-November, which is caused by 霪雨. The average annual flow is 225 m3 / s near Vitebsk and 626 m3 / s near Yaonelga. In the vicinity of Usti-Jaliang village, the annual distribution of runoff is as follows: 47% in spring (April-May), 14% in summer (June-August), 23% in autumn (September-November), and 16% in winter (December-March). The average runoff modulus of the river is 0.0008 m3 /(s· km2),
Average annual runoff
21 billion cubic meters. The freezing of the river continues from the source to the mouth of the river, lasting about 1 month (November-December).
[1]
In order to make full use of the water resources in the Daugava and Sidwina river basins, the main stream was successively built
Pravinas
Hydroelectric power stations such as Kegum and Riga.
[1]
Pravinas hydropower station
locate
Latvia
On the main stream of the Daugava River, in
Stuchka
Near the city. Construction began in 1961 and was completed in 1966. The dam is 58m high and the total reservoir capacity is 509 million cubic meters.
Installed capacity of hydropower station
825,000 KW(10 units), annual generating capacity of 1.5 billion KW·h.
[1]
The Kegum hydropower Station is located in the Ogle region of Latvia
The Daugava River
The installed capacity of the hydropower station is 68,000 KW.
Riga Hydropower Station was built in 1976, the dam is gravity dam, dam height of 35m, the length of the dam top 146m, the volume of the dam body 119,000 cubic meters, the total reservoir capacity of 340 million cubic meters.
[1]
The Sidvena River is connected to the Dnieper River by the Berezina Canal.
[1]
The water network in the basin is developed, but the tributaries are short and the area is not large. The left bank has the largest number of tributaries, accounting for about 80% of the total drainage area of the Dalgawa and Sidwina rivers.
[1]
The left bank tributaries of the Sidwina River include the Meza River, the Casplia River, the Luchesa River, the Ura River and the Tisna River. Tributaries on the right bank include the Toropa River, the Drissa River, the Dubna River, the Avijekjie River, and the Ogole River. See diagram of the drainage system of the Sidwina River.
[1]
The Meza River is located
Russia
Kalinin oblast
and
Smolensk Oblast
The river is 259 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 9080 square kilometers, originating from
The Valdai Hills
Flowing in the middle of gently marshy lowlands. The river recharge is a mixed recharge type, with an average flow of 61 cubic meters per second.
[1]
The River Gisna
locate
Belarus
(upstream in
Latvia
The river is 178 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 8,180 square kilometers.
[1]
The Ogole River is located
Latvia
The river is 176 kilometers long and the drainage area is 1700 square kilometers. It originates in the Vidzem Highlands and flows along the central Latvian Lowlands. River recharge is mixed recharge type. The average discharge 20 km from the mouth of the river is 17.7 m3 / s.
[1]
The Drissa River is located mainly in
Belarus
Vitebsk Oblast
The river is 183 kilometers long and covers an area of 6,420 square kilometers. It originates in Lake Derissa and flows through a series of lakes. The average annual discharge at the estuary is about 40 m3 / s.
[1-2]
The Sidvena River has long been an important navigable waterway, its upper reaches with the Nieper River,
Wowa
The Volkhov River is easily accessible and used to be
Baltic Sea
to
Byzantium
and
Arabia
Part of the eastern trade corridor. At the beginning of the 19th century, a canal was dug through its tributary, the Ural River, to connect with the Berezina River and thus to communicate with the Nieper system, but this canal was of little use except for floating timber. Another tributary, the Drisha River, is connected to the Sebezha Lake and has a canal to the Gavya River. The first in-depth survey of the Siduvinah River was conducted in 1701 and published between 1790 and 1791
Vitebsk
A detailed atlas to Riga. Due to the large number of dangerous shoals and the construction of some embankments on the river since the 20th century, only part of the river can be navigable: upstream
Velizh
To the mouth of the Oura River; Middle and downstream
Kraslava
To the Livana and Plavinas hydroelectric DAMS; Downstream from Marushka to Riga. It mainly carries timber, building materials and grain. From the mouth of the river, ships can travel 14.5 km (9 mi) to Riga. Hydroelectric power stations have been built
Kegum
(Kegums, Puliavenas and Riga).
