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Haiku is a kind of classical Japanese short poem, composed of "five-seven-five", a total of 17 characters and sounds; In three sentences ten
Seven tone
The first sentence is five notes, the second sentence is seven notes, and the last sentence is five notes. Be strict and subject to"
Quarterly language
"The limits.
Haiku is an ancient Chinese poem
Chinese poetry
This poetic form developed through Japanization. It also developed as a daily poem in Japan.
- Chinese name
- A form of Chinese poetry called Haiku
- Foreign name
- haiku
- Hiragana
- はいく
- Word provenance
- The antithetical verses
- origin
- Chinese poetry A surname Develop from
- Origin form
- Two kinds of poetry, Liange and Haiyan
- spelling
- pai ju
- Generation time
- The fifteenth century
1. Antithetical verses.
qing
Zhou Lianggong
"
The shadow of a book
Volume 2: "Xu Juyuan said:...
Su Li
Nineteen, became Huang Chu Jian 'an, for the selection of the body, the flow of Qiliang Haiku, and changed to the Tang Dynasty, and the ancient poetry died."
2. It is a kind of classical short poem in Japan, which is developed from the quatsu style poem of ancient Chinese poetry through the Japanization, with three sentences and ten
Seven tone
The first sentence is five notes, the second sentence is seven notes, and the last sentence is five notes.
Chinese writer Zheng Zhenduo's"
Butterfly
"In Japanese haiku, butterflies have become something they love to sing about."
Ai Wu
"The Youth of the Landscape" : "Poetry springs up in my mind
Artistic meaning
The ripples naturally recall the haiku and short songs of Japanese poets."
[1]
A form of Chinese poetry called Haiku
Liange is a classic poem with elegant style. Lian song inherited the Chinese style
Aesthetic consciousness
, which
Writing method
Is to quote classical stories to create poems. Subsequently, the Lian-song was gradually replaced by a humorous poem called "Haixia".
Like the song, Haiku is composed of seventeen and fourteen notes
verse
The composition of the unfolding poem. However, Haixie satirizes the song, adding vulgar and fashionable jokes. Having a greater use of harmonic tones
wisecrack
He also likes to use things that are full of life that have not been used in the songs as themes.
In Haiku, some people began to publish sentences as independent works. This is the origin of haiku.
No season haiku, the name is incredible, is not the season language in haiku. If a tea has a haiku, there is no season language:
"Even the rice is too much, and the pheasants all fight."
Free rhythm haiku completely abandoned even the haiku format, although it has never become the dominant haiku, but for the Chinese, it has to be written
Han Hai
If so, it is better to write this kind of free rhythm haiku.
In Japan, the most popular free rhythm haiku writers are
Farm mountain fire
. Shantou Huo was a haiku poet from the city of Bangfu who was born into a feudal landlord family in 1882. He is very interested in literature and shows great talent. Because of illness, he dropped out of school and returned home. After that, his father went bankrupt, and then he lost his wife and children. Having lost all his possessions, he became a monk and began his wandering monastic life in Japan. Wherever he went, he always wrote haiku to think about nature and life. Therefore, he is called the wandering poet.
Here are some haiku of mountain fire:
"Sleep in the flowers with quiet heart", "How clear the morning sky is, the clouds are floating in the sky", "The sunset is infinite, we must be careful, do not lose time".
Haiku is a kind of poetry with a specific format. The creation of haiku must follow two basic rules:
first
Haiku consists of seventeen letters in five, seven, and fifty-three lines, which, of course, are based on the Japanese (kana) standard.
second
There must be a season in haiku. The so-called seasonal language refers to the seasonal expressions used to express spring, summer, autumn, winter and New Year. In addition to climate expressions such as "summer showers" and "snow," there are also animal and plant names such as "cherry blossom" and "cicada." In addition, as"
Money given to children as a lunar New Year gift
","
Noodles in summer
Such customs also have many applications. These "season words" are often associated with the nostalgia of modern Japanese people for their childhood or hometown.
According to the official Japanese version, haiku is based on the quatsu in ancient Chinese poems. Japanese medieval time of Chinese poetry
A surname
The poem developed into a waka, a waka in a format of five lines and thirty-one tones. Later, because many people sing and sing together, there is a long and long song. while
Haiku originated from the song, for the song of the sentence, three sentences seventeen tones
. The accompanying lines of the song are two sentences and fourteen notes. That adds up to exactly 31 notes. In ancient China, there is a saying that the quatsu sentence is regarded as half of the rhythmic poem, that is, the so-called "the one who is forbidden, the one who is cut off." Most of the ancient Japanese poets were able to write Chinese poetry and loved it very much, so one of the formative influences of haiku may be that the Japanese were inspired by the relationship between quatsu and Gu poetry.
Masaoka Subgai
Once said: "Haiku, Waka, Chinese poetry, although different forms, but the same interests, haiku and Chinese poetry have more similarities, because haiku originated from the Chinese poem."
The artistic conception of haiku has more in common with Chinese poetry. The beauty of haiku is that it captures the dim sceneries of nature, corresponding to the poet's metaphysical dream, resulting in a kind of solitude, a unique zen flavor, from the moment to the permanent. This kind of meditation is also reflected in Chinese poetry. For example
Wang Wei
Verse: "The day of love dye has been thin, the day of Zen silence has been fixed." ("
Occasional composition
"), "Once the realization of silence is happy, there is more than enough in this life" ("
Rice covered Busan monk
"), etc.
Most of the Japanese haiku poets can write Chinese poems. There are also a lot of haiku-like Chinese poems. For example
Pine tail banana
A sentence: "Long summer trees deep, warriors left dream scars" is quoted Du poem "the country broken mountains and rivers, the city spring trees deep" made.
Three ancestors of Haiku harmony
(? - 1553),
Honshu
middle
Shiga prefecture
His real name is Shina, and his first name is Micaburo Fanshige. Served as a general as a samurai
Ashikaga Yoshinori
After the death of Yi Shang, he resigned as a monk and lived in seclusion in Nizaki, Regushu, at the age of 35, and then moved to Yamazaki, that is, as a surname, renamed Zong Jian. In his old age he settled in
Sanuki
Near Guanyin Temple. The year of death is said to be eighty-nine, or eighty-five, or seventy-two.
Zongjian character is elegant and unruly, looking forward to the realm of free and unrestrained, calm about poverty, just immersed in studying Haiyan. At once
Muromachi period
At the end of the period, the song was extremely prosperous, the song master Iio Zong was famous all over the world, and the Zongjian himself could not win in the song, but he did not create Haiku harmony and it was respected by later generations as the "ancestor of Haiku harmony". The compilation of "dog Tsukuba collection" for the beginning of the book, and "bamboo horse chant collection", not today.
Soekam advocated the use of colloquial expressions as satire, and although he advocated the abolition of all forms of rhyme, he was very respectful of season titles, which was confirmed by later generations and eventually became a major rule of haiku.
Zong Jian's sentences can be roughly divided into two parts according to the content. One is the humorous humorous works that laugh at the world, such as:
The old man caresses the ground and frogs croak like a long croak.
Round spring sun, leisurely day long.
The other part is the work of poverty relief. Although Zong Jian was poor and destitute, he never attached himself to dignitaries, but rather enjoyed living in seclusion, and this kind of indifferent and self-guarded integrity was also reflected in his sentences, such as:
Eat chestnuts at night, the moon rises from the mountain.
They say there's only one ring in his room
Medicated jar
There was a piece of paper attached to the door, which read: "The guest can leave quickly, the guest returns for a day, and the guest stays for a night." At the end of his life, he sang the following "death" song:
If you ask the master where to go, answer that he is bound by worldly affairs.
This song is still widely heard today because it expresses his consistent detachment and free and easy mood.
Arakita Gortake
(1472 -- 1549),
Ise
Man, after his ancestors and father for the Ise inner palace god officer, both good song, but also keen on Haiku, once said: "Haiku harmonic song meter should be formulated by me." In his later years, he wrote "Haixia Lian-song alone in a thousand sentences" (also known as "Shou Wu thousand sentences"), which applied the principle of Lian-song in China and made an attempt to formulate Haixia poems, which was a great achievement in the history of Haixia. Generally speaking, his sentence is neither humble nor overbearing, and his character is higher than that of Zongjian. Some of the works are very vivid, such as:
Shore bay like 螓 first, green willow if a crescent.
The butterflies dance and the fallen flowers return to the branches.
Sadaka Matsunaga
(1570 -- 1653), a native of Kyoto, his great-grandfather, Iie Kuro Morshigue, was a Setteshu
Go 槻
The Lord of the city, the father changed his surname to Songyong, the word Shengxiong, the number Mingxin Jushi. Learned and talented, taste from the celebrity nine nine mountains, Hosokawa Yuzhai (i.e
Hosokawa Fujitaka
Such as learning and song, from the village Shaoba to learn the song, claiming that "there are more than 50 teachers." He is also committed to Haiku harmony, Xiang fine development of Haiku harmony, since the title of "Haiku harmony ZTE ancestor", the door flow all over the world. The court was in
Khanh Chaung
Three years (1598) gave the title of "Hanamichi" (since the Kamakura and Muromachi times, the Japanese government awarded the title of the best continuous singer, only one person at a time), Xu was "Haiku Master Master", and later generations will be Soegam, Morutake and he called "Haiku three ancestors".
To put it simply, Mingxin Jushi believes that "Haiku is a series of songs that are sung with every sentence." The so-called "Haiyan" refers to the common sayings and Chinese that are not used for Waka or Lianka in ancient times. The Imperial Umbrella, a book he compiled, detailed 1,476 Haiku terms and certain rules of usage, most of which were accompanied by a series of songs to explain, which was called "Haiku.
Treasured copy
The Art of War." This book simplifies the law of Haiku, eliminates the question of its origin, and establishes the standard of "Jeanne School" (commonly known as "virginity gate").
Other books written by Mingxin Jushi include Yodokawa and Yodokawa.
Oil meal
"Thousand Sentences of Red Plum Blossom" and "Miscellaneous Words in the Song" and so on. He liked to use metaphors in his sentences, which was quite widely read at that time, and it seemed that although he paid attention to certain skills, he lacked them
Thought and feeling
Is difficult to call a famous sentence. For example:
Spot rotten rosy clouds rise, welcome Yin Nian (to "spot rotten" metaphor tiger skin texture)
Soulphoenix
To be born, the unitary year is long.
Silver ever like, court sand night month.
The fine sand in the moonlight shines brightly, indeed some like silver, and this haiku can be said to be one of the earliest sketched sentences.
"It rains again today, but also with spring, summer and autumn."
Japan calls the late autumn and early winter drizzle as "rain", which can touch the mind and express feelings, and has been sung by haiku people in ancient times.
There are a lot of disciples under the Mingxin Hushi group, and the famous one is about 40 people headed by the seven Panhai immortals.
Haisheng
Pine tail banana
Pine tail plantain image
Matsuo Plantain (1644-1694), Japan
Edo period
A haiku poet. Songwei Zong room, No. Taoqing, mooring hall, Jun Yue nunnery, wind Luo Fang, etc. Born in
Iga Ueno
. At the age of ten, he began to work as a page boy for Ryotadashi, the eldest son of the Fujido family. Good loyalty to learn from
Kitamura Ji Yin
Learn Zhen gate Haixie, so Basho is also very close to Zhen gate. Later in Edo, Basho wrote "Ten Hundred rhymes on Lin", which already has a very obvious style of Lin Haiku.
Basho, on the basis of the achievements of Zhen Men and Tan Lin, developed Haixie into a common people poem with high artistry and distinctive personality. He raised the previously funny and playful haiku to a serious style of pursuing the artistic beauty of poetry.
Basho's poetic style can be summed up with four words: "idle silence and elegant style". Like his famous line"
Koike
Is unique through idleness
Expressive force
To produce artistic elegance:
"By the idle old pool,
There was a quiet sound."
This haiku describes a frog jumping into an ancient pond
A split second
. At that moment, the stillness of the surroundings perfectly combined with the movement of the frog leaping into the pond. Before the frog jumps, everything is quiet, after the frog jumps, everything will return to calm. On the surface is endless silence, but inside contains a kind of natural life rhythm and endless mystery, as well as the author's inner passion. It is full of a delicate lingering emotion and a quiet and mysterious artistic conception.
Here is another Basho's "Cherry Blossom" :
"Under the tree soup and food,
Fall the cherry petals."
This haiku has a distinct breath of life, but the quiet still comes through the words.
After Basho, the most famous haiku poets were having tea with Xie Wu Village and Kobayashi.
With Xie Wu village
(1716-1783) Japanese haiku poet and painter. He was fond of art when he was a boy. Around the age of twenty, he lost his family property, drifted to Edo, paid homage to a teacher and learned Haiku, and stayed in the midnight pavilion of the plantain successor Hayano horse, which attracted the attention of Edo Pantan. For the next ten years, he traveled around the country and devoted himself to learning painting. Then his reputation was great.
He married in 1757 and resumed his haiku writing. In 1767, he broke the midnight Pavilion and developed into a generation of masters. He advocated "the theory of separation from the vulgar", opposed to indulge in private feelings, tainted with vulgar atmosphere of Haiyan, committed to "return to the plana."
Wukemura's haiku is good at right
Natural scenery
Make careful observations and sketch descriptions. His style is distinguished by gorgeous beauty.
Here are four haiku by Wukemura:
"Autumn wind lonely sorrow, wine and poetry have Yu Qiao." "The spring rain falls gently, moistens the beach, David." "Roses blossom everywhere, recall when township road." "
Late spring
Gone with the wind,
sakura
Creaking and late."
As in the second verse above, the elegant beauty shown by the description of the drizzly shell is exactly what Wu Village is good at.
Kobayashi a tea
(1763-1827) Born Yataro
Shinano State
One of Kashibara Village, Sunei-gun
Peasant family
Inside. He began to learn haiku at the age of ten. Due to his turbulent experiences, Icha's haiku has its own distinct style. Some people commented on him, saying, "Laughing at yourself, can not be called happy, nor world-weary, relaxed and detached."
Ichicha has a famous haiku about his hometown:
"Village village, layer upon layer, all are thorns."
For hometown, a tea is nostalgic, but also dissatisfied, this haiku will be that kind of complex mood written out.
Ichicha's life has been eventful, and his haiku often reveals a sense of loneliness and anger towards reality. Here are three of his haiku:
"New Year's Day the world is lonely, not alone we are very lonely sorrow." "If you come home, it will be difficult for Edo to enjoy the cool." "The wild geese do not cry, and I have been a heartbroken man ever since."
But a tea is at the same time rustic and innocent. One of his masterpieces, a haiku he wrote when he was six years old:
"To my house wandering, no home bird."
This kind of simplicity and innocence is deeply expressed.
Masaoka Subgai
Masaoka Subgai
(1867-1902), born conventional
Ehime-ken
. In the winter of 1891, he began to edit the complete collection of haiku classification, and in 1892, he began to publish the "Dajaya Haiku" in the newspaper, putting forward the idea of haiku innovation. Zigui believes that Haiku is lacking in harmonic songs
Literary value
Advocated to make the sentence independent into a poem, named Haiku, for future generations to use.
Haiku can be said to have really developed into the shortest poetry in the hands of the Japanese nation.
Masaoka Koji Haiku Stele
These are the three haiku of Zigui, the grasp of nature in the sentence is very unique.
"Throat and neck phlegm a fight, melon juice difficult to solve the worry."
The day after this haiku was written, Zigui passed away.
Spring: This is the season when all things grow, the trees turn green and sprout, and everything is full of vitality. Seasonal expressions associated with spring are:
March (Yayoi) :
Brood sacrifice
り, east wind, mountain smile う, nightingale, Chu Yin, equinox day, swallow, spring rain, wood bud, eye thorn し, graduation, Yang yan, spring breeze, たんぽぽ and so on.
April (Prime Month) : April, enrollment,
Dim moon
Chrysanthemum, flower see, spring sorrow, わさび, mountain blow, seed seed き and so on.
May (
The third lunar month
) : tea picking み, spring xi しむ, leaf cherry, son for the day, the beginning of summer, mother の day.
Summer: Hot and rainy, with many lively holiday activities. Seasonal expressions associated with summer are:
June (water without moon) : clothes more え,
mei
Rain, green plums, 蛍, crabs, summer solstice, curtain.
July (Month) :
The seventh Evening of the seventh Moon
, the face,
Gion Festival
, sun umbrella,
Sea Day
, lotus.
Autumn: This is the harvest season, is the autumn cool season, but also the season to appreciate the red leaves. Seasonal expressions associated with autumn are:
September (long month) : new cool, Chongyang day, name month, month see, night long, insects, cool やか, cold ややか, inami り, new rice, sky high く horse fat ゆる autumn, autumn wind, autumn rain, autumn equinox, chrysanthemum, autumn at dusk.
October (God no month) : そぞろ cold, red leaf hunting り, autumn deep し, deer, persimmon.
November (frost month) : cross り bird, start of winter, 753 wish い, line く autumn.
Winter: From Start of winter to Start of spring is winter, it is a cold season. Seasonal expressions associated with winter are:
December (teacher leaves) : お at twilight,
Beancurd soup
,
camellia
Flowers, the year of the city, the winter solstice, クリスマス, the night の clock.
January: New Year, Yuan Day, お January, early spring,
雑 boiled
, congratulatory letter, book at the beginning め,
Manhood day
Snow.
February (such as month) : Festival, Beginning of spring, snow festival り, spring shallow し, Yu Han, plum.
