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Lisbon

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Capital of Portugal
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Lisbon ( Portuguese Lisbon is the capital of the Portuguese Republic. It is located in the western part of the country, with Sintra Mountain to the north and Sintra Mountain to the south The Tagus River , distance Atlantic Less than 12 kilometers, yes Continental Europe The westernmost city, Southern Europe One of the famous cities. Lisbon is an industrial city, an international city, and it is today Portugal The center of politics, economy, culture and education is also famous in Europe Tourist city It receives more than 1 million visitors a year.
Lisbon port It's an international seaport. West of Lisbon Atlantic There are beautiful ones along the coast beach .
Global Financial Centers Index In the 35th edition of the GFCI35 Overall Competitiveness ranking, Lisbon ranks 74th in the world with a financial index of 670. [5]
Chinese name
Lisbon
Foreign name
Lisboa (in Portuguese)
Lisbon (English)
Administrative category
Capital of Portugal
Subordinate region
Portugal
Area product
100.05 km²
Climatic condition
Mediterranean climate
Population number
565,000
Famous scenic spot
St. George's Castle , Navigation monument , Belem Ta , Jeronimus Monastery
aerodrome
Lisbon Portella International Airport
Gross regional product
87.368 billion euros [6]
prescription
Portuguese
Financial center index
670 (74th in the world)

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. 2Geographical environment
  3. ▪Location boundary
  4. ▪climate
  5. 3population
  6. 4economy
  1. ▪industry
  2. ▪Stock transaction
  3. ▪Urban construction
  4. 5traffic
  5. ▪subway
  6. ▪railway
  7. ▪aviation
  1. ▪ferry
  2. 6culture
  3. ▪Prestigious institution of higher learning
  4. ▪Cultural public facilities
  5. ▪City Festival
  6. 7Places of historical interest
  1. 8Sister city
  2. 9City honor
  3. 10Great earthquake of 1755

Historical evolution

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Lisbon in Prehistoric times There was human settlement. 1147, first King of Portugal Alfonso the First Took Lisbon. In 1245, Lisbon became Kingdom of Portugal The capital and Trade center . B.C. for Phoenicians Construction began. 13th century became Portugal The capital.
In 1755, two thirds of the city was destroyed by an earthquake, and the new town was rebuilt in a latticed layout. The city grew and flourished Western Europe Atlantic coast-to-coast Mediterranean A hub for interregional and East-West trade. Strategic location , for Portuguese Sea Air Military base And have international Military installation .
Since the beginning of the Neolithic Age, the area of Lisbon has had The Iberians To live. Ruled by the Romans from 205 BC, the ruler of the time Julius Caesar The area was elevated to the status of a city and named" Felicitas Julia "(meaning" Congratulations to Caesar "). However, by the 5th century AD, it was successively occupied by the barbarians, and in the 8th century, it was captured by the Moors, who believed in Islam, in addition to building a lot of buildings in the city masjid Many houses and new walls were built, and under their rule, Urban development Soon, and at that time, the city was inhabited by people of different religions such as Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
Lisbon
The Moors ruled Lisbon until 1147, when they were defeated by the Crusaders led by Alfonso I and Lisbon returned to Christian hands. Lisbon officially became the capital of Portugal in 1256 and has since developed into an important trading city in Europe and the Mediterranean. in Geographical discovery Times, many voyager Such as Vasco Da Gama From Lisbon to explore different parts of the world, so by the 16th century can be regarded as the most glorious period of Lisbon, a large amount of gold from the Portuguese colonies at that time Brazil Shipped to Lisbon, making Lisbon one of the richest commercial centers in Europe. (See: Portuguese colonial empire )
In 1755, there was a great earthquake in Lisbon. Lisbon earthquake The city and port suffered a severe decline, and Portugal's national power began to decline. And then in the 19th century, Napoleon Invaded Lisbon, and the royal family fled en masse Brazil The city was also damaged to some extent. World War II During this time, Lisbon is one of the few places open to the Atlantic Port city .
In 1983, Belem Ta And the monastery of Mosteiro dos Jeronimos World cultural heritage .
In 1998, Lisbon hosted World exposition The theme is "The Ocean, an asset for the future", in line with the character of Lisbon's maritime city. The Expo lasted 132 days and was visited by 10 million people.

Geographical environment

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Location boundary

Lisbon ( Portuguese : Lisboa) Yes Southern Europe nation Portugal The capital city, located Iberian peninsula the Tejo Estuary (38°42' N, 9°5' W), west of the Atlantic Ocean, is a typical Marine city, but also Continental Europe The westernmost capital. In the 16th century The Age of Navigation Lisbon was one of the most prosperous ports in Europe at the time. Lisbon is located at the westernmost point of the European continent, with an area of 84.8 square kilometers and a population of 565,000. Unlike other major cities, the true "Lisbon city" is confined to its historic district, while the surrounding areas have developed into other cities. In fact, these cities are also part of Greater Lisbon. To the west of the city is Monsanto, one of the largest parks in Europe Forest park The park covers an area of 10 square kilometers.
Lisbon

climate

To the north of Lisbon lies the Sintra Mountains. The largest river in Portugal Tejo It flows south of the city into the Atlantic Ocean. Influenced by the warm Atlantic current, Lisbon has a good climate, with no ice in winter and no heat in summer. January and February Mean air temperature The average temperature in July and August is 26℃. Most of the year it is sunny, warm and pleasant.
Lisbon is one of the milder cities in Europe, with an average of 3300 hours of sunshine and 100 days of rain a year. In spring, there is plenty of sunshine, only a small amount of rain, and the temperature is about 10℃ to 27℃. Summer is mostly sunny, dry and hot, with temperatures ranging from 16 ° C to 36 ° C. The temperature in autumn is mild, ranging from 8℃ to 23℃. Winter is rainy and slightly cold, the temperature is about 0℃ to 18℃, generally about 10℃. Snow was also rare on January 28 and January 29, 2006, as The North Pole the Cold front A light snowfall affected Europe, but no snowfall had been recorded for forty years. In addition, Lisbon's climate is also strongly affected Gulf Stream The impact of...
Lisbon, the most thermidor Temperatures range from 17-28 ° C (average daily minimum and maximum temperature) in August, and from 8-14 ° C in the coldest month (January). The driest month (July) receives 3 mm of precipitation per month precipitation ), wettest month (January) 111 mm. [1]

population

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The city of Lisbon has an estimated population of 564,477, Population density It is 6,658 people/k㎡, while the population of the Greater Lisbon area is as high as 2,800,000. The Greater Lisbon area is one of the fastest growing regions in Europe, according to the report The United Nations It is estimated that the population of the region will increase to 4.5 million by 2050. In addition, according to Portuguese newspaper Expresso Living standard The statistics of Lisbon are full Portugal The best city to live in.

economy

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Lisburn district It's the richest part of Portugal, this part of the country Per capita GDP Well above the EU average GDP This region accounts for 45% of Portugal's GDP. Lisbon's economy is largely supported by the service sector. In addition, many large companies are headquartered in the Greater Lisbon area, and the south bank of the Tejo River is also quite industrialized.

industry

Lisbon is an industrial city. The south bank of the Tejo River has become important for Portugal Industrial center . The main industries are shipbuilding, cement, steel , plastic, cork Textile, paper and food processing. Lisboa Shipbuilding industry World famous, can manufacture a variety of 300,000-700,000 tons Oil tanker . It also has the largest in Europe Dry dock Can overhaul 1 million tons of large oil tankers. Annual ship repair accounts for 1/9 of the world's total ship repair.

Stock transaction

Lisboa Stock exchange Is a member of the Euronext Stock Exchange, an organization composed of Netherlands Amsterdam , France Paris , Belgium Brussels and Portugal It was formed by the merger of various transactions in Lisbon and is headquartered in Paris.

Urban construction

Lisbon
Lisbon's landscaping work is very good, the city has 250 parks, gardens, lawns, green areas of 1,400 hectares. On both sides of the road Pine and cypress , palm , bodhi, lemon, Olive and FIG Wait for the trees. The city is green all the year round, and the flowers are in full bloom, just like a charming and fragrant garden. Lisbon is near the mountains and by the water, the whole city is distributed in 7 small hills, looking from a distance, different shades of red tiled houses and different shades of green trees each other, the scenery is very beautiful.

traffic

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Lisbon is national Transportation hub It is the largest port in Portugal. Port area extends 14 km, 60% of the country Import and export goods Load and unload here. Transport in Lisbon is mainly by car and subway. The metro opened in 1959 and has 20 stations Passenger volume It reached 132 million visitors. There are also cable cars running over the city's hills and Lift truck .

subway

Cute romantic yellow tram
Metropolitano de Lisboa (Metropolitano de Lisboa) has 4 routes. Operating fares are based on a zone system, with uniform fares for routes within Lisbon city limits. In 2010, one way for 0.85 euro city trams and buses (carris), there are 5 systems of city trams. (No. 12,15,18,25,28) The main tourist sites are accessible by city trams. There are also cable cars for 3 routes, as well as buses for various routes. In addition, between the lower Pombal area and the upper Lisbon area there is a famous The Santa Justa elevator Run.

railway

(Portuguese Railway, Fertagus) there are routes to Coimbra Bordeaux Directions to Santa Apollonia station, to Cascais In the direction of Kesh de Sodrel station, in the direction of Sintra Roscio station. Another to welcome Lisbon 1998 World exposition Built for the opening Terminal station Olentay Station.

aviation

Portella Airport: Access required Shuttle bus Or a taxi. The airport is close to the city and a taxi from the city centre costs about €10.

ferry

There are many exchanges between Tejo Ferry lines on both sides.

culture

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Prestigious institution of higher learning

ISCTE Lisbon University College
Famous institutions of higher learning: ISCTE -IUL is translated into: University College of Lisbon , (English name) : ISCTE – Lisbon University Institute ( ISCTE -IUL), (Portuguese name) : Instituto Superior de Ciencias do Trabalho e da Empresa-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa; Established in 1972, it is the only university in Portugal that offers full degree education Comprehensive university The university is located in the university city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal National university . ISCTE Lisbon Business University consists of 19 faculties (schools), the main development disciplines are: building science, application Technical science , Health industry And medical management, applied business, hotel and tourism, etc., among them: health industry and medical management science, the world famous ISCTE Lisbon Business and Industry University of management With the United States, France, Germany, Poland Many of the world's higher education institutions have established cutting-edge scientific and technological cooperation programs with the United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) co-built the Global Entrepreneurship Research Center, its global Academic influence Bigger and bigger.
ISCTE Lisbon University College

Cultural public facilities

ISCTE Lisbon University College - Chinese students
The National Library of Lisbon was founded in 1796 and is the largest library in the country. Lisbon has many museums. The Carriage Museum has a collection of various royal carriages from the 16th to the mid-19th century, such as carriages, imperial carriages, sedan carriages and two-wheeled light carriages. The Kalmar Church, founded in the 14th century, is now built Archaeological museum . The Folk and Art Museum exhibits modern and ancient decorations and Folk art Let's wait. The Gubenjiang Foundation in Lisbon is the largest cultural centre in Portugal and one of the largest in Europe. It promotes education, culture, arts, science and charity With a foundation of more than $400 million, it is one of the largest foundations in the world. The foundation is located in Gubenjiang Park, and the main part of the foundation is connected to the museum, with an art gallery 60 meters long and 17 meters wide, and a hall with 1,300 seats. lobby acoustics Good. We can play symphony , ballet , theater, movies, and conferences can also be held, with each seat equipped with 6 languages Simultaneous interpretation equipment . Next to the hall are rehearsal rooms and several small and medium-sized meeting rooms. More than 3,000 eastern and Western cultural relics are displayed in the museum. Next to the museum is a library with a collection of 100,000 volumes. Kubenjiang Foundation for the promotion of Portugal Cultural education The development of the cause has played an important role in strengthening international cultural exchanges.

City Festival

Lisbon holds an annual city festival, which is a tradition of the Portuguese people National festival . On the night of the City festival, the whole city is decorated with lights. On this day, grand parades are also held in all districts, in which people wear colorful traditions National costume Holding a paper lantern, the lantern is painted with famous buildings and interesting life scenes of citizens.
sports-related
Sporting Lisbon Football Club

Places of historical interest

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Lisbon Cathedral
Lisbon has many monuments and monuments. The Tower of Belem on the Atlantic Ocean, built in the early 16th century, At high tide Seems to float on the water, the scenery is moving. The monastery of Jeronimus, in front of the tower, is a typical example of the Manuelian architecture popular in the early 16th century, magnificent and ornate sculpture. The cemetery of famous people in the country, the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama and the famous poet Camoanz are buried here. nearby Navigation monument Beautiful, magnificent, Look out Like a giant sailboat on a vast expanse of blue water. The relief on the monument reappears the heroic feat of the Portuguese navigator who traveled around the world and fought against the wind and waves. On the concrete floor of the square, skilled craftsmen made a huge picture World map It clearly marks the age, location and route of Portuguese voyages all over the world, so that visitors to Portugal Maritime history At a glance. Henry's Monument is a stone ship galley (Henry made a major contribution to Portuguese navigation in the 15th century), Henry stands on the bow of the ship, surrounded by the captain who assists Henry, geographer , mathematicians, woodworkers and other figures. Pombaul Square was built to commemorate the great contribution made by the Marquis of Pombaul to the reconstruction of Lisbon, and in the center of the square stands the statue of the Marquis of Pombaul.
Most of the year it is sunny, warm and pleasant. The river has the Salazar Bridge, 3,018 meters long, in the center span At 1,013 meters, it is the longest suspension bridge in Europe. Lisbon rim Tejo Extended, small urban area, very walkable, Liberty Avenue And Rossio Square is the city center. The main monuments are concentrated in the Alfama district. Although the suburb of Belen is a little far from Lisbon, it does gather quite a number of museums and monuments, and is a must visit to Lisbon. We still have it here Portuguese empire From the well-maintained museums and monuments, you can recall the prosperity and luxury of the empire.
Lisbon Beach Baths
Tourism in Lisbon plays an important role in promoting the development of the capital into a modern city. The beautiful beach on the Atlantic coast west of Lisbon is a famous tourist area in Portugal, attracting more than 1 million tourists from all over the world every year. Lisbon has become Portugal maximum Tourist city .
The Portuguese say that those who have never seen Lisbon have never seen the beauty. The best street in this beautiful city is located in Taiga estuary The Tejas River flows to the Atlantic Ocean and forms an ocean called the "Haggard Sea" Inland sea It is one of the most magnificent natural harbors in the world, famous for the great voyagers who set sail here. As the sun sets over the hills on the north shore, Lisbon proudly displays her palaces, churches, and old streets that span seven hills. Although the old street is slowly fading, it still reminds people of the golden age of that year.
The first people to moor in these waters were the Phoenicians in 1200 BC, who later called it Lisboa or Lisbon berthing It is called the "Port of Peace". The city was first developed by the Romans and Visigoths, and later by the Moors who occupied the city. The Prophet's green flag at Lisbon's St. George's Castle fortification It's been flying for 400 years. In 1147, Lisbon was destroyed Alfonso the First Led the Christian Crusader occupation. Victory was hard-won, and the decisive event was the death of Mateen Monez, who intervened alone in order for the Christian army to attack the enemy stronghold St. George's Castle The gates of the city were crushed to death, allowing the Christian army to break in.
The city's Treasury began to overflow. There are ships departing from Lisbon Africa Trade was carried out, but also by land. In the late 15th century, Vasco Da Gama When a new route to India was discovered and Pedro Alvarez Gabra colonized Brazil, the Portuguese capital became one of the richest cities in Europe, and Portugal became a nation World power . The symbolic symbol of this golden age is gorgeously decorated on the Taiga River Belem Ta . Gold, silver, precious stones, silks, spices, rare plants and other living things brought back by sea rhinoceros When the animals are unloaded near this watchtower.
When Manuel I inspected the procession on special occasions, he was always accompanied by six elephants and a domesticated leopard. Thanks to God for all his blessings, King Manuel has the magnificent monastery of Jeronimus, an excellent example of Manuel's architecture - a combination of Gothic, Moorish and Indian architecture. It took 60 years to build this Grey sandstone A church with three vaults.
The temple is one of the few important buildings that survived the major disasters in Lisbon. An earthquake, three tsunamis and 1755 All Saints' Day Continuous fires destroyed the whole city. Thirty thousand people were crushed to death by collapsing walls, swamped by waves, or burned to death by raging fires. 15,000 houses, 300 palaces and 110 churches were destroyed.
Lisbon
Lisbon's perfect proportions are attributed to the modern perspective of the Marquis of Pombal, who was in charge of the city's regeneration. Pembal's 35,000-square-meter commercial plaza, set next to a royal palace on the banks of the river Tagas, has become one of Lisbon's brightest jewels. On its northern side, the Arc de Triomphe leads to the new symmetrical quay in the Baisa or Lower town. In 1988, a fire destroyed 18 buildings.
The area bordering the districts of Rocio and Baiza is now the liveliest square in Lisbon, where an alleged pagan was burned alive in 1820. Not far from here is the magnificent Liberty Avenue, pedestrians can Oak and Bignonia Chill out or take a break at a sidewalk cafe. As exhausted tourists leafed through guidebooks and planned their journeys for the rest of the day, many Riis themselves were enjoying their lunch break despite the blaring horns of cars.
There is much to see in this city of 850,000 inhabitants. You can walk up steep steps to the Castle of SAN Giorgio, see one of the 42 museums, or try the cable car that connects Lisbon's lower to upper town.
Or you can have a drink at the old Poets' Institute coffee House espresso See the world passing you by, or eat some stinging lobster at Rebadoro, then perhaps drink at the Auspicious Lookout wine While listening to the sweet and melancholy" Fado Rhys himself called it a "homesick song."

Sister city

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* China Qingdao (2010)
* Beijing, China (2007)
* China Macau
* Greece Athens
* Guinea-Bissau Bissau
* Argentine Republic Buenos Aires
* Hungary Budapest (1992).
* United States New Jersey Jersey City
: : Republic of Angola Luanda
* Spain Madrid (1979).
* Malaysia Malacca (1984).
* Mozambique Maputo
* Canada Montreal
* Cyprus Nicosia
* France Paris
: : Peia, Republic of Cape Verde
* Morocco Rabat
* Brazil Brasilia
* Brazil Rio de Janeiro (1980).
* Sao Paulo, Brazil
* SAO Tome and Principe SAO Tome
* Croatia Zagreb (1977).

City honor

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In November 2018, World City rankings Release, Lisbon enter World's first-tier city Ranks. [2]
December 26, 2019, ranked Top 500 global Cities in 2019 Number 35 on the list. [2-3]

Great earthquake of 1755

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It's from 1755 Lisbon earthquake It took place at 9:40 am on November 1, 1755. [4] It was one of the most destructive and deadly earthquakes in human history, Death toll As high as about 60,000 to 100,000 people (Ming Jiajing Guanzhong earthquake 830,000 casualties). The fire and tsunami that followed the earthquake destroyed almost the entire city of Lisbon, and at the same time, Portugal's national strength was severely reduced, and the colonial empire declined from then on.
geologist The magnitude of the earthquake was estimated at Richter scale Magnitude 9 with an epicenter Cape SAN Vicente About 200 kilometers southwest by west Atlantic Medium. Its effects were studied scientifically for the first time on a large scale, marking the modern era seismology The birth of... This incident was also enlightenment Philosophers widely discussed, inspired theodicy And the development of sublime philosophy. [1]
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