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Ancient Greek drama, which flourished roughly between the end of the 6th century BC and the beginning of the 4th century BC
Ancient Greek
The drama of the period.
- Chinese name
- Ancient Greek drama
- Time of occurrence
- Between the end of the 6th century BC and the beginning of the 4th century BC
- categorize
- Ancient Greek tragedy with Ancient Greek comedy
- Representative works
- Oresteia , Antigone , Oedipus the King , Medea , The Akanai
- Dramatic features
- Three unities The consistency of time, the consistency of place and the consistency of performance
Ancient Greek drama
View of the Ancient Greek Theatre
Ancient Greek theatre is the oldest theatre in the world, originating in the 6th century BC and reaching its peak in the 5th century BC. The earliest theatrical tradition in Athens began with the sacrificial ceremonies
Dionysius
Of Dionysus
Religious activity
. This origin has been verified to be accurate, as the earliest theatrical performances in Athens took place at the annual festival
bacchanal
Up. It is not known how this kind of worship for fertility developed into the earliest tragedies and comedies.
Satyr play
Ruins of the Ancient Greek Theatre (Figure 1)
The Peloponnesian War
Since then, the power of Athens has greatly weakened, and the development of its drama seems to have gradually lost its vitality. The drama, however, was there
Hellenistic age
You have obtained
Sustainable development
Especially in the 4th century BC
Alexander the Great
After a series of expansionist wars. The dominant form of drama in the Hellenistic era was"
New comedy
". The only influential playwright of this era was
Menander
. The important contribution of the new comedy to the later generations is that it has influenced the later generations
Ancient Rome
Comedy, especially among the important playwrights of ancient Rome
Plautus
And Terrence's influence.
Ruins of the Ancient Greek Theatre (Figure 2)
At that time, tragedy and comedy were considered to be two distinct forms of drama, and no Greek drama could contain the characteristics of both. Although the satyrs play takes the gods or aristocrats as the protagonists in the title, it satirizes the protagonists in the play through the spirit of banter and the vulgar words, which has the style of comedy.
Ancient Greek drama
Behind the orchestra pit is a rectangular building called skene, which means "tent" or "shack". The function of the view house is equivalent to
Ancient Greek theatre
Backstage, where actors can change costumes and masks. Usually there are three doors outside the scene leading to the orchestra pit. In some theaters, there is a performance area protruding from the ground in front of the view room, which is the prototype of the stage front in modern theaters. The earliest view houses are often like their original meaning, which is a tent-like structure for religion
celebration
It was built and demolished after the celebration. Later, as theater became a mainstream art style, so did theater
permanence
The building of... Sometimes people also painted patterns on the exterior of the scene house as a stage background. This is also the origin of the word "scenery" in English.
Around the orchestra pit
Slope form
The structure is the auditorium. The auditorium is usually built on the slope of a hill, and the audience watches the show from neatly arranged benches. Ancient Greek theatres were usually built only on the slopes of the hills in the right shape. Ancient Greek theaters were usually very large, seating 15,000 people. These theatres are usually open, and the audience can clearly see the other people around them, including the actors and chorus, and the scenery around the theatre.
The Complete Greek Tragedies
Because of the distance between the actors and the audience, the actors had to change their costumes and masks frequently to attract the audience's attention. Actors use
thick-soled
They wore boots to make them appear taller, and sometimes brightly colored gloves to make their gestures recognizable to the audience.
The mask is the most Greek symbol in the drama. In a play, each actor has his or her own unique mask. These masks were usually made of linen or cork, so none of them survive to this day; But from drawings and sculptures of ancient Greek actors, we know the shape of those masks. Masks used in tragedy tend to be expressions of pain or mourning, while masks used in comedy are usually smiling expressions or have a slightly sinister connotation. Actors use masks to cover their entire faces, including their hair, while performing. The shape of these masks has been shown to facilitate the diffusion of the actors' voices, making them more vocal
Penetrating power
It is easier for the audience to hear clearly.
Ancient Greek drama
Aristotle
In his poem Poetics, he discussed the meaning of tragedy. He believes that the purpose of tragedy is to arouse the audience's pity for the characters and fear of the capricious fate, thus purifying the emotions. The conflicts described in tragedies are often difficult to reconcile and have a fatalistic color. The hero in the tragedy often has a strong and unyielding character and heroic spirit, but he always fails in the process of fighting with the fate.
The earliest tragic writers included the "father of drama."
Thespis
Corilos, who first introduced masks in the play, and so on. But the most accomplished tragedian of this period was
Aeschylus
,
Sophocles
and
Euripides
Three people.
Aeschylus
(525 BC - 456 BC) is the most ancient Greek
Great tragedy
Writer. His greatest contribution to ancient Greek tragedy was the introduction of a second actor in the performance, changing the traditional mode of ancient Greek drama in which only one actor and chorus performed together
Dramatic plot
The development and dramaturgy
Rich and colorful
It provides possibilities and facilities. Of the 80 known works by Aeschylus, only seven have survived, including "Aeschylus."
Oresteia
"
triplet
(Agamemnon, The Wine Maker, and The Nemesis), The Beggar, The Persian, The Seven Will Attack Thebai, and Prometheus. Aeschylus was the first master of the entire ancient Greek drama and had a profound influence on the development of the entire Western dramatic art.
Sophocles
(Ex 496- ex 406) Yes
Athenian democracy
Tragedian in his heyday. He entered his first tragedy competition at the age of 27, i.e
Aeschylus
Euripides
(485-406 BC) is Athens
Slavery democracy
A tragedian in times of national crisis. He never participated in any political activities in his life, but was absorbed in philosophical thinking. He raised many issues in his work, including divinity and humanity, war and peace, democracy, women's issues, and so on. He wrote more than 80 tragedies in his life, 18 of which have been handed down to the world. Some of the best include
Medea
","
Trojan women
", etc.
Euripides
It was a time when Athens went from apparent prosperity to turmoil.
The Peloponnesian War
After the outbreak, various
Social contradiction
Increasingly acute, the crisis of faith and moral decline appear. In the plays of Euripides, one can clearly feel the playwright's interest in Greece
Political reality
The skeptical attitude. Medea is considered one of the most moving tragedies of ancient Greece, and it was the first time in Western literature that women were portrayed as major characters. Because of Euripid
Sophocles
The ancient
Greek comedy
Sacrificial origin
Dionysius
The carnival song and dance and folk burlesque. In 487 BC, Athens officially decided to add a comedy competition to the Spring Festival of Dionysus.
Ancient Greek comedy is mostly political satire and social satire, which was produced in the flourishing period of democracy with relatively free speech. The comedy of this period has strong
criticality
He is particularly good at satirizing people in power. Comedy at this time was called"
Old comedy
". In the 5th century BC, Athens produced three major comic poets, namely, Cratinos, Opolis and Aristophanes, and only Aristophanes has written works.
Aristophanes
(446-358 BC) lived during the Peloponnesian War, when the city-state civilization of Athens was in decline and Athenian society emerged
Gap between rich and poor
Political factions and other phenomena, these are called the playwright's creative material. Aristophanes wrote 44 comedy plays in his lifetime, but only 11 have survived in their entirety, the more famous ones include The Babylonians, The Clouds, The Birds, The Knights, and the Knights.
The Akanai
", etc. Among them, "Bird" is the best work, and it is also the most complete allegorical comedy existing in ancient Greece, which is a utopian comedy
origin
. Aristophanes was the father of comedy throughout Europe, and it was he who established the tradition of comedy in Western literature to present serious subjects in a comical form.
