Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
Kingdom of Prussia (German: Konigreich Preußen; Polish: Krolestwo Prus; English: Kingdom of Prussia; 1701-1871) was a German empire located mainly in present-day Germany and Poland
realm
. In 1871, it became the central force leading the unification of all Germany until
World War I
It was until the defeat
German Empire
In the de facto ruling regime.
Prussia was founded as a vassal of Polish-Lithuania. In 1701,
Brandenburg-Prussia
Duke Friedrich III supported the leadership
Holy Roman Empire
the
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
to
The French Bourbon Dynasty
Declare war in exchange for
King of Prussia
Title. On January 18, Frederick III, Duke of Brandenburg-Prussia, was present
Konigsberg
Crowned King of Prussia
Frederick I
(Friedrich I). Prior to German unification, Prussia and Austria were the two most powerful states within the German Holy Roman Empire, one of the European powers at that time, and the Kingdom of Prussia acquired it in the mid-19th century
Puttan-danish war
,
Austro-prussian war
and
Franco-prussian War
The victory of the unification of the divide
Austrian Empire
Outer German states, established in 1871
German Empire
.
The original core of the Kingdom of Prussia was the Brandenburg-Prussia region, which consisted of the Principality of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia. Prussia in 1740
Silesian wars
Have obtained
Silesia
. After the first partition of Poland in 1772, the new addition of Royal Prussia and the city of Wamia became the Province of West Prussia, and in 1829, the provinces of East and West Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia.
The Prussian royal family and nobility all served as the German royal family and ministers, and their status was above that of other German states. Its territory covers two-thirds of Germany. Prussia is sometimes synonymous with the spirit and culture of modern Germany, and it is also the name of Germany
World War I
and
World War II
In the
militarism
The source of...
- Chinese name
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Foreign name
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Abbreviated form
- Prussia
- continent
- Europe
- capital
- Berlin
- Major city
- Konigsberg , Potsdam , Danzig, Stettin, Poznan , Breslau , Katowice Etc.
- National Day
- January 18, 1701
- National song
- Long live the winner's crown
- Official language
- German
- currency
- Silver mark
- Time zone
- UTC+1
- Political system
- Absolute monarchy
- National leader
- Frederick I , Frederick William I , Frederick II , Frederick William III Etc.
- Population number
- About 43 million
- Major religion
- Protestantism
- Land area
- 352260 km²
- National motto
- Suum cuique (to each his due)
- Front body
- Duchy of Brandenburg , Duchy of Prussia
In 1701,
Duchy of Prussia
and
Duchy of Brandenburg
Duke Frederick I stood in the Holy Roman Empire
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
One side of
Kingdom of France
House of Bourbon
Declared war in exchange for"
King of Prussia
"The title.
By inheritance
The Teutonic Knights
The Prussian army was known for its discipline and education, especially
Frederick II
Frederick the Great was known for his bravery in battle. He succeeded to the throne in 1740 and attacked seven months later
Silesia
, thus causing
War of the Austrian Succession
.
Through the war, Frederick II established his personal reputation as a "military genius" and transformed Prussia into a military state. Frederick II was also a slave
Voltaire
Where accepted
enlightenment
Ideas, improving the judicial and educational systems, encouraging freedom of religious belief, and fostering the development of science and the arts. By the time of Frederick II's death in 1786, Prussia had become one of the great powers of Europe, and its administrative institutions were among the most efficient and clean in Europe.
Nephew of Frederick II
Frederick Wilhelm II
I bought it after I took the throne
Ansbach
Hou Guohe
Bayreuth
Marquis, and right
Poland
The second and third partitions were made.
French Revolution
After Prussia participated
Coalition against France
He was defeated by the French and was forced to agree to the annexation of France in 1795
Rhine
Prussian territory to the west. son
Frederick William III
(ascended the throne in 1797) fought in the War against France in October 1806, immediately after
Jena
Be defeated by
Napoleon
And was forced to flee
Konigsberg
.
In 1807, Prussia and France met
Neman
In the treaty of Tilsit, Prussia ceded 160,000 square kilometres of land, including most of the territory of Prussian Poland (from the second and third partitions of Poland, and the southern half of the territory acquired in the first partitions of Poland), and
Elbe
All the territory to the west, and 130 million francs.
After the defeat of 1806, Prussian Prime Minister Karl Stein began to introduce reforms, including political participation by citizens to awaken their nationalist feelings; Freeing the serfs; Exercise local self-government; Reorganizing the central government.
In 1809 the Friedrich Wilhelm University was founded in Berlin.
University of Berlin
), at the same time
Gerhard von Scharnhorst
Reform of the Prussian army began. Prussian patriotism was high thereafter.
Napoleon's army retreated from Russia in the winter of 1812, and Prussia rejoined the following year
Coalition against France
On March 17, 1813, he declared war on France, and on October 24, Prussian, Austrian, and Russian forces joined forces
Blucher
and
Gneisenau
Under the command of
Leipzig
The French were defeated.
On the basis of
Congress of Vienna
Prussia extended its territory from the Mermel River to the Rhine River, becoming the dominant German-speaking power in the German Confederation and one of the great powers of Europe.
In 1834 Prussia was established in Germany
German customs union
With the exception of Austria and Hamburg, all the German states joined the League.
During the European Revolutions of 1848, King
Frederick William IV
(Friedrich Wilhelm IV) proclaimed a "liberal government". Called a constitutional convention and refused to accept it
German Confederation
The title of "Emperor of Germany" bestowed by the Parliament. but
The European Revolution of 1848
When it's over,
Frederick William IV
A return to authoritarian rule.
In 1857 Frederick William IV became mentally ill and appointed his brother William as regent.
On 22 September 1862, Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck as Prime Minister.
Otto von Bismarck
When he came to power, he began to plan
German unification
Great undertaking. Bismarck advocated the creation of a "little Germany" that excluded Austria.
Prussia defeated Denmark in 1864 and Austria in 1866 and took the lead in 1870
The North German Confederation
And the German states to the south defeated France.
William I was born in France on 18 January 1871, the 170th anniversary of the founding of the Kingdom of Prussia
Versailles Hall of Mirrors
enthrone
German Empire
The emperor proclaimed the establishment of the German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich) headed by the Kingdom of Prussia, i.e
Second German Reich
(Das Zweite Reich).
Because Prussia had two-thirds of the population and three-fifths of the territory of the German Empire, and was far superior to other kingdoms and duchies in military, economic, industrial, etc., the German Empire became an enlarged version of the Kingdom of Prussia. The states enjoyed internal and financial autonomy, but delegated foreign affairs, military (except for Bavaria), and customs powers to the central government of the German Empire. The history of Prussia was thus incorporated into the history of the German Empire.
In 1888, after the death of William I, his son
Frederick III
He died 99 days later, his grandson
Wilhelm II
Enthroned as the third emperor of the German Empire.
In 1914, it happened
Sarajevo incident
Austria-hungary declared war on Serbia with the support of Germany. trigger
World War I
It ended in Germany's defeat.
On November 7th, 1918,
Bavaria
There was a revolution and the king abdicated. A revolution soon broke out in Berlin, demanding the abdication of the Kaiser. At that time, Wilhelm II personally commanded the war at the German headquarters in SPAR, Belgium, and after learning of the revolution, he tried to give up the title of Emperor of Germany and retain the title of King of Prussia, but the commander of the army
Hindenburg
Persuade him to abdicate altogether.
To avoid further unrest, the German chancellor
Prince Max von Baden
Before noon on 9 November, he announced that the Kaiser had abdicated and handed over the chancellery to the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany on the same day
Friedrich Ebert
. Wilhelm II went into exile in the Netherlands, and the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia were destroyed. On November 11, Germany moved toward
The Entente countries
The army surrendered.
13th to 15th centuries
The ancient Prussian region consisted only of the West Prussian region south of Lithuania, west of the mouth of the Vistula River in northeastern Poland, centered on Danzig, and the territory of the former East Prussian region of Kaliningrad, Russia. In 1295, the Teutonic Knights, who occupied Prussia, purchased Pomerania and Danzig. The territory of Newmark was purchased from the Elector of Brandenburg in 1308, and Prussia bordered the Holy Roman Empire. In the 15th century, Danzig and West Prussia were ceded to Poland.
17th to 19th centuries
In 1618, the Duchy of Prussia was incorporated into the Electorate of Brandenburg, and until 1701, when the Kingdom of Prussia was founded, its territory was centered around Berlin, the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia, including
Brandenburg
,
Pomerania
Newmark and Altmark, as well as the Hohenzollen-Sigmalingen region in southern Germany. In the 18th century, Prussia acquired former Pomerania, Posen and Silesia from Sweden, Poland and Austria. After the three partitions of Poland, Prussia gained New East Prussia, South Prussia, Danzig, Torun, and the western and central parts of the Kingdom of Poland, including the Warsaw area. In 1806, after Prussia's defeat to Napoleon, it was forced to cede Poland to France, which established the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
After Napoleon's defeat, in 1815
Congress of Vienna
On, Prussia lost
Bayreuth
,
Ansbach
,
Neuchatel
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw was annexed by Russia, with the exception of a small territory centered on Posen in the west. As compensation, Prussia received
Kingdom of Saxony
Two-fifths of the territory, as well as the Diocese of Hanover and Munster in western Germany, on both sides of the Rhine
Westphalia
And the Rhineland, as well as Saarlouis, Saarbrucken and other territories.
In the 19th century, after the war, Prussia annexed Hesse-Rhine,
Schleswig
,
Holstein
The kingdoms, Duchies and free cities of Frankfurt. By the time of the creation of the German Empire in 1871, the Kingdom of Prussia had 22 provinces, including
Bavaria
,
Baden
,
Wurttemberg
Outside most of present-day German territory and Western and northern Poland.
The 20th century
World War I
The provinces of Posen, West Prussia, and Danzig were ceded to Poland, the region of Mermel was ceded to Lithuania, the northern part of Schleswig was returned to Denmark, and the southern part of the Rhineland was incorporated into the Saar. After World War II, East Prussia, Silesia, and Pomerania to the east of the line were annexed to the Soviet Union and Poland under the Allied Ode-Nice Line. The western part of Prussia was incorporated into West Germany and the central part into East Germany, and geographically organized Prussia ceased to exist.
Territory of the Kingdom of Prussia
Territory of the Kingdom of Prussia
In addition to the establishment of the Prussian army and the completion of the great cause of German reunification, the contribution of the kingdom of Prussia in culture and education is also praised by later generations. In order to implement nationalist education, the Kingdom of Prussia began to implement compulsory national education in 1717, which was the first country in the world to implement compulsory education, and also laid a solid foundation for the high-quality Prussian army in the future. In 1809, Wilhem von Humboldt became the highest education minister of Prussia, and began to reform the Prussian education system, which became the cornerstone of the scientific, technological and cultural development of Germany for the next two hundred years, and the University of Berlin, founded in 1810, was the first new university. It also influenced the development of higher education in the 19th century.
Prussian expansion
Prussian expansion
