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The Battle of Greenwald, known in German documents as the Battle of Tannenberg and in Chinese as the Battle of Tannenberg, was the final battle of July 15, 1410, during the Teutonic War (1409-1411), in which a Polish-Lithuanian army annihilated the Teutonic Knights. The Polish-Lithuanian army, mostly infantry, and Czech and Hungarian volunteers of 39,000 under the command of Polish King Wladyslaw II Jagaivo, fought a decisive battle near Tanrenburg and Greenwald against the Teutonic Knights, mostly heavily armored cavalry, of about 27,000 men. The Teutonic knights lost all their best men in the battle, 8,000 knights were killed, 2,000 were captured, and most of their leaders, including Grand Master von Junkingen, were killed. The Teutonic Knights were devastated, and Poland gradually regained the lost territory and gained
Gdansk
isotown
Baltic Sea
Outlet to the sea. Polish authors
Shenkmicro branch
He wrote a novel based on the battle.
Crusader knight
".
- Given name
- Battle of Greenwald
- Occurrence time
- July 15, 1410
- Ground point
- Near Tanrenborg and Greenwald
- combatant
- Kingdom of Poland , Grand Duchy of Lithuania ; The Teutonic Knights
- Bear fruit
- The Polish-Lithuanian forces won
- Combatant strength
-
The Polish-Lithuanian forces numbered 39,000
The Teutonic Knights numbered 27,000 - Chief commander
- Wladyslaw II · Jagiello; Von Junkingen
- alias
- Battle of Tannenberg
Early Teutonic Knights
These warriors, who fought the Holy war as monks, were highly sought-after professional war forces in the Middle Ages when professional armies were scarce. But as the Muslim world pushes back, the development of holy sites is shrinking. The Teutonic Knights also had to retreat to Europe after Acre was finally lost.
At the beginning of the 13th century, the General colonel
Hermann von Salza
Under its leadership, the regiment will center its activities from
The Middle East
Transfer to
Eastern Europe
. In 1226, at the request of Konrad, Duke of Mazovia, the Teutonic Knights went to Poland to attack the old enemy of Poland
Prussian
. Conrad made a treaty with the Teutonic Order: the Order was responsible for attacking Prussia, and Conrad signed to give the order a piece of territory between Torun and Heronno as a reward. Conrad's policy of inviting in the enemy and shortsighted caused great disasters to Poland in the future.
The Knights expanded their territory in East Prussia
In 1237, the Teutonic Knights, stationed on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea
The Knights of the Sword
After the merger, its power soared to become a powerful political force in Eastern Europe. Relations between the two sides have since deteriorated. The growing Polish kingdom sought to strengthen the central royal authority, while the Teutonic knights of Prussia wanted to establish their own state, rid themselves of and weaken the powerful Poland.
For the next 50 years, the Teutonic Knights were firmly in control of Prussia, thus creating a situation in which Polish territory was seized from both the east and the west, directly threatening Polish national security.
The late 14th and early 15th centuries were the heyday of the Teutonic Order. Not content with the invasion of Poland, he also extended his aggressive hand to Lithuania, stretching from the Baltic Sea to
The Black Sea
The area of... In 1346, the Teutonic Knights returned
Danes
Have in one's hands
Estonia
. Besides, the Teutonic Knights are in the south
Italy
,
Greece
,
Spain
,
France
They had their own dependencies, the largest of which was in Germany. The Teutonic dependencies in northeastern Europe blocked Poland, Lithuania, and Russia's access to the Baltic Sea, creating enemies that eventually left the Order relatively isolated diplomatically.
Knights (orange) Poland (yellow) Lithuania (brown) Romance of The Three Kingdoms
The forces of the Polish, Russian and Lithuanian nations then united to fight against their common enemy, the Teutonic Knights.
The united Poland and Lithuania had a considerable power advantage over the Teutonic Order, and the only hope for the Teutonic Order was a moderately superior army. To this end, the Grand Commander Jengen gathered most of the fighting forces in the territory, and hired troops from all over Europe to seek support from Allies. Poland and Lithuania are also competing to prepare separately, a decisive battle is about to start.
On 3 July, the Polish-Russophoric forces, led by Polish King Vladyslaw II Jagaiwal, marched from the Cherwinsk region to Marimburg (Marburg), where they encountered the main force of the Teutonic Order under Commander Ulrich von Junkingen through the Greenwald region. The Teutonic Order (27,000) was composed of knights and mercenaries from Germany and France.
Swiss
,
British
Etc.) Troop composition, the total strength of 51 flags. The Allied forces (32,000 troops, another 39,000) consisted of Polish, Lithuanian, Russian (among others
Ukraine
and
Belarus
),
Wallachia
,
Czech Republic
-
Moravia
,
Hungary
and
Tartar
The troops were organized into 91 barracuda knights.
A Teutonic knight from the 15th century
In addition to the knight strength of the Order and the infantry attached to it, the army of the Order under Grand Master Jongjingen included many infantry forces recruited from Western Europe. Among them are the English longbow archer who has played a famous role in the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, and the Swiss phalanx infantry who have emerged in the struggle with many European countries. They both won great victories against the power of the knights. The Order was also equipped with the relatively new artillery of the time, which although mainly used for siege operations, could also provide fire support in the field.
The Teutonic Knights specially recruited the English longbowmen as their best infantry
Of course, a total of about 6,000 knights and heavy cavalry were the real backbone of this army. They were formed in groups of 120 people, forming a unique medieval cavalry formation - the flag, as their basic tactical organization. The group arranged the knights in three parts, front and back, and two lines. The first line of the right wing has 20 flags, the left wing 15 flags, and the second line of reserves 16 flags. Many infantry support forces, including the Swiss and the English, were placed in the front between the knights, and the artillery came forward.
The rigorous training of the Teutonic knights
On the opposite side of the Order, the Polish-Lithuanian army was very large. Jeska, the later famous leader of the Husi rebellion, joined the allied forces with some Bohemian infantry. He was accompanied by infantry from Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Wallachia, and Moravia. They were not as well equipped or armed as the Knights' mercenaries, and were not as well known as their opponents. Mostly crossbowmen, they drew up to 20 men in depth to meet the charge of the Teutonic knights.
Later Husi war general Jeska also participated in the battle as a mercenary
However, it was the Polish Knights of the 42nd Flag on the left wing and in reserve that were the real Allies against the Teutonic knights. Their equipment and tactics are almost identical to those of their Western counterparts. Seven flags of Russian noble cavalry and two flags of Bohemian knights also assisted them on this side.
The Lithuanian troops were organized in front and back lines, mainly on the right flank, with 40 flags of Lithuanian and Russian noble cavalry. However, they were not the chivalrous forces of Western European feudalism, but were similar in social status to knights. On their periphery, there are many more
The Golden Horde
The Tatar archers under his command came to help. These highly mobile steppe cavalry have always been regarded by many modern Internet enthusiasts as the bane of heavy knights.
The Polish army at the end of the 14th century was essentially a replica of the knightly armies of Western Europe
A Teutonic knight who charged during the battle
Battle of Greenwald
By the beginning of the 15th century artillery had become a necessary weapon in armies
The Lithuanian cavalry who launched the attack
The Teutonic knights did not pursue the battle, but adjusted and began to attack the left wing and reserves of the Poles.
At this time, the Polish horsemen launched a fierce assault on the Crusader right flank, breaking through the front of Lichtenstein's army. Warriors trained under the proper knighthood are more skilled in combat. They fought hard with the Teutonic knights in front of them, and nailed the main force of the Teutonic side.
The smooth attack of the Polish army, the bravery of the Russian soldiers, and their resourcefulness in fighting the knights of Wallenrod, helped the Lithuanian knights to stop the pursuit of the enemy, and then to attack.
It was the persistence of the Polish knights that led to the Allied victory
The Lithuanians, who had been driven out of the field, finally overcame their previous panic and reorganized. When they returned to the battlefield, they were right behind the Polish left wing and reserve forces. The Teutonic knights, who had previously been in a favorable double-team position, were now flanked by Polish knights and Lithuanian cavalry. With the death of Grand Master Jung Kingen, the Order began to retreat. Some knights, after escaping back to the camp, built a makeshift wagons with baggage to continue the resistance. All was to no avail, however; their main strength had been severely damaged in the battle, and most of the remaining infantry had been captured by the Poles.
The painting master of the Battle of Greenwald fell in glory
Polish knight
The military style of the western Russian regions was closer to that of the European mainstream
Jack
