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West Lake, also known as Qiantang Lake, is located in China
Zhejiang Province
Hangzhou City
West Lake District
No. 1 Longjing Road,
Hangzhou City
In the west of the district, the catchment area is 21.22 square kilometers, and the lake area is 6.38 square kilometers, which is one of the three famous lakes in Jiangnan.
[4-5]
[22]
The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the south, west and north
Qiantang River
The mountains are next to each other, the lake
Bai Causeway
,
Su Causeway
,
Yang Gong Dyke
,
Zhao Gong Dyke
The lake is divided into a number of water, there are three islands in the lake, the West Lake mountains as the center, from near to far can be divided into four levels.
[7]
The annual runoff of the West Lake basin is 14 million cubic meters, and the water storage is nearly 14 million cubic meters.
[9]
The West Lake is a well-equipped and well-managed irrigation and conveyance reservoir that provides ample water for Hangzhou city and surrounding farmland through canals and sluice gates. The West Lake can also help regulate the water level of the Qiantang River and prevent urban waterlogging.
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In 2007, West Lake is located
Hangzhou West Lake scenic spot
It was rated as "National AAAAA Tourist Attraction".
[2]
On June 24, 2011, Hangzhou West Lake Cultural landscape was listed in the"
World Heritage List
".
[19]
Stern teaching
He left a famous poem"
Four chants of the West Lake
Describes the four seasons of Hangzhou West Lake beauty.
[20]
- Chinese name
- West Lake
- Foreign name
- The West Lake [3]
- Geographical position
- West Lake Scenic Spot, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Climatic condition
- Subtropical monsoon humid climate [17]
- Ticket price
- Free (some scenic spots in the scenic area will be charged)
- Famous scenic spot
- Bridge cutoff , Leifeng Pagoda , Qian Wang's Shrine , Jingci Temple , Tomb of Su Xiaoxiao
- Lake surface area
- 6.38 square kilometers
- Catchment area
- 21.22 square kilometers
The Republic of China
Ten years (1921), Chinese scientist
Zhu Kezhen
Through detailed field research, Mr. West Lake is considered to be a
lagoon
. Mr. Zhu uses scientific principles to explain the origin of the West Lake, this view believes that the West Lake is originally
bay
After the lake carried sand in the two headlands in the north and south of the bay (that is, today Wushan and
Gemstone Mountain
Gradually, sedimentation and accumulation develop, and finally connect with each other, so that the bay is isolated from the sea and formed into a lagoon. Geologists drilling on the shores of a lake in Hangzhou found a bluish clay layer 8 to 23 meters deep that contained fossils of foraminifera that lived in seawater.
The topography of the West Lake is surrounded by mountains on the south, west and north sides. Only the east side is a alluvial plain. All the soil is composed of sediment deposited under the Qiantang River belt. Where a river carries sediment to its mouth, some of it sinks. For one thing, the speed of the river is reduced by the resistance of the water into the sea; And because sea water contains salt, salt reduces the molecular cohesion of river water. For these two reasons, all the great Yangtze rivers, such as the Nile in Egypt, the Ganges in India, and the Yellow and Yangtze rivers in China, have deltas when they enter the sea. According to this view, the alluvial plain near Hangzhou is just
Qiantang River
In a delta. If we examine the geology near the West Lake, we can see that there is alluvial soil not only to the east of the West Lake, but also to the west. When the Qiantang River was first formed, before all the alluvial soil had settled down, the place where Hangzhou is today was still a vast ocean, and the West Lake was only a small bay near the mouth of the Qiantang River. Later, the sedimentation of the Qiantang River slowly blocked the mouth of the bay and turned it into a lagoon.
[15]
West Lake and Haitong, this is the ancient and modern more consistent view, since the Song Emperor Wen in the Qiantang county magistrate Liu Daozhen recorded in the Qiantang Ji, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiantang County magistrate Cao Huaxin in order to prevent the invasion of sea water, that is, to recruit scholars in the city to build a "sea prevention pond", and Cheng, "county Mengli", for this reason even the Qiantang county government also moved, this is the predecessor of today's Hangzhou City. The West Lake was cut off from the sea and became a lake. This saying has been inherited and handed down by scholars of all ages.
Some scholars believe that if there is indeed a "sea pond" built, its function should be to defend the sea pond against the impact of the sea tide to engulf the land, but this can not be understood as Huaxin built a flood holding dam between Wushan and Baoshi Mountain to promote the formation of West Lake.
[15]
West Lake Zaiin
Volcanic eruption
A lake formed by magma blocking a bay. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on the south, west and north sides, a plain on the east and a plain on the northwest
Kaling County
,
Gemstone Mountain
by
Igneous rock
Hit the mark
rhyolite
and
tuff
Constitute.
There is an ancient volcanic passage left over on the gem mountain beside the West Lake. After years of scientific detection, the entire volcanic passage extends south to the West Lake, with an exposed area of about 2000 square meters. Some geological experts say it was about 130 million years ago
Jurassic Period
In the late period, a strong volcanic eruption occurred in the West Lake area, and the interior of the crust was empty due to the outflow of magma. Finally, the crater fell into a depression, which became the foundation of the later West Lake.
[15]
The West Lake is located
Zhejiang Province
Hangzhou City
West Lake District
1 Longjing Road, west of Hangzhou City, lake area of 6.38 square kilometers, central geographical coordinates: 30°14 '45 "north latitude, 120°8' 30" east longitude.
[6
]
West Lake scenic spot
The catchment area of the West Lake is 21.22 square kilometers, the annual runoff in the basin is 14 million cubic meters, the water storage is nearly 14 million cubic meters, and the natural altercountry of water is once a year. The outline of the lake body of the West Lake is nearly oval, and the bottom of the lake is relatively flat. The lake's natural surface water source is
Golden Sand River
Longhong River, Chishan River (Huiyin River), Longqiao River four streams. The water level of the lake is maintained at the Yellow Sea elevation of 7.15 meters, ±0.05 meters, the highest water level of 7.70 meters, the lowest water level of 6.92 meters, and the difference between the height and height is 50 centimeters. The storage capacity is about 14.294 million cubic meters. The average depth of the lake is 2.27 meters, the deepest is about 5 meters, and the shallowest is less than 1 meter. The annual precipitation of the lake is 5.629 million cubic meters. When the gate is closed in the dry season, the flow rate is almost 0, even in the flood period, the general flow rate is only below 0.05 m/s.
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]
The West Lake draws water from the Qiantang River, which is about 120 million cubic meters per year.
[9-10]
The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the south, west and north, is adjacent to the urban area in the east, and is adjacent to the Qiantang River in the south. The lake is divided into several water levels by the Bai Causeway, Su Causeway, Yanggong Causeway and Zhaogong Causeway, and there are three islands in the lake. The West Lake mountains are centered on the West Lake and can be divided into four levels from near to far. The West Lake is connected to the first level of the mountains, and the distance from the last three levels is 1,650 meters, 3,450 meters and 5,600 meters, respectively, and the mountain view is seen in the lake, and the elevation Angle is within 5°.
[7]
West Lake is located in the southeastern edge of the hills and the northern edge of the subtropical zone, the annual total solar radiation is between 100-110 kcal/cm2, the sunshine hours are 1800-2100 hours, the average annual temperature is 16.2℃, and the average annual frost-free period is 245 days. The four seasons are distinct throughout the year, sunny and rainy, winter and summer monsoon alternate significantly, abundant rainfall, annual precipitation of about 1500 mm, the air is humid. The West Lake ecosystem can be divided into three subsystems: forest ecosystem, freshwater ecosystem and wetland ecosystem, mainly forest ecosystem.
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West lake environment
West lake environment
Hangzhou West Lake in history is a well-equipped, well-managed irrigation and transport reservoir, its irrigation benefits and the Tang Dynasty great poet play
Bai Juyi
Have a close relationship. When Bai Juyi served as the governor of Hangzhou, he visited the people and learned that more than 1,000 hectares of cultivated land around Xiatang depended on the West Lake for irrigation, but when the lake embankment collapsed, the lake water was difficult to store, and the farmland was dry for years. Therefore, in the third year of Tang Changqing (823), he led people to rebuild the lake embankment, build sluice gates, repair channels, pipelines and spillways, increase the water storage capacity, improve the water supply and flood control works, and form an artificial reservoir, and use the Jiangnan Canal as the main irrigation canal, combined with some lakes downstream, irrigation Qiantang (today's Hangzhou) and Yanguan (today's Hangzhou)
Haining county
There are more than a thousand hectares of land in the area, in order to better play the benefits of the West Lake water conservancy, Bai Juyi personally formulated a strict management system: stipulating that the heavy rain season should be strictly prevented from breaking the embankment; When the water level is too high, the reserved "water shortage" is discharged, and when it is high, the sluice and culvert are opened at the same time.
During the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, the West Lake was renovated several times, among which the most famous one was presided over by Su Shi.
Su Shi
When I was governor of Hangzhou, the lake was luxuriant with fenchgrass and serious siltation. He sent the army to dredge and used the dredged grass and soil to build the West Lake scenic embankment. In order to commemorate the achievements of Su Shi, the dam was called "Su Causeway", which is still a scenic spot of the West Lake in spring. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was the capital city with an urban population of more than 500,000. Residents still got their water from the West Lake, and there were special facilities for sand settling and water purification. At that time, the river in the city was not only the water transmission line of the canal, but also the extension of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal to the city, and also drew water from the West Lake.
After the Yuan Dynasty, many times of cultivation, of which the Ming Dynasty Yang Mengying presided over the most remarkable results. Due to the sedimentation, the land continues to advance to the sea, the underground water quality of Hangzhou City is gradually desalted, and the role of West Lake in supplying water to the city is reduced.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a lot of work has been done on the renovation and development of the West Lake. In the 1980s, Qiantang River water was used as the water source of the West Lake and the city's river, which created conditions for the further development and utilization of the West Lake.
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There are 119 species of birds and more than 20 species of mammals in the West Lake scenic area. There are 38 species of water birds on the West Lake. Dingjia Mountain, turtle Mountain, etc
egret
The number of egrets in the habitat is more than 20,000.
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There are some deciduous broad-leaved tree species in the limestone area of West Lake. The forest ecosystem of the mountains around the West Lake is mainly composed of evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, including subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest. There are a total of 184 families, 739 genera and 1369 species of seed plants in the West Lake scenic area, including gymnosperms, 7 families, 19 genera and 28 species, angiosperms, 150 families, 675 genera and 1273 species, ferns, 27 families, 45 genera and 68 species. There are 21 species of rare plants under national first class protection, such as Zhejiang Nan and bamboo, and 63 species of wild soybean under national second class protection
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. Listed as a national or provincial protection of rare plants preparatory list
Zhejiang Runnan
,
Violet Taurus with violet leaf
Ophioderma linealcalyx,
Phyllopterus venata
,
Kanzhu
Etc. 5 kinds.
[11]
There are 620 ancient trees over 100 years old in the West Lake scenic area, belonging to 38 families, 65 genera and 87 species (or varieties), of which 138 are over 300 years old under first-class protection.
[12]
Ecology of west lake
Ecology of west lake
The West Lake has more than 100 park attractions, including three autumn cinnamon,
Six Bridges tobacco willow
,
Nine mile cloud pine
,
Ten Li lotus
Landscape, have"
Ten views of the West Lake
"Ten sights of the New West Lake" and "Three comments on ten sights of the West Lake", there are more than 60 national, provincial and municipal key cultural relics protection units and more than 20 museums.
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West Lake scenery
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Ten views of the West Lake
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Ten views of the new West Lake
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Three comments on ten views of the West Lake
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West Lake since ancient times has spread the"
The Tale of the White Serpent
""
Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai
""
Su Xiaoxiao
And other folklore and fairy tales. In the Legend of the White Snake, "Meeting at the Broken bridge" and "Lady White being pressed to Leifeng Pagoda" are related to the ten scenes of the West Lake.
Qian Wang's Shrine
There is a
Bai Juyi
,
Yang Wanli
,
Ouyang Xiu
,
Su Shi
,
Stern teaching
,
Xin Qiji
,
Lin Bu
,
Liu Yong
Waiting for poets to leave poems.
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|
poetry
|
author
|
|---|---|
|
"Ding Wave · Through the Ages of Wind Nguyen Infantry"
|
Su Shi
|
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Shu-visitors to Jiangnan
|
Su Shi
|
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Su Shi
|
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"Xijiang Moon · Fengyueting Danger Shuang"
|
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Xin Qiji
|
The West Lake, with its picturesque scenery and cultural heritage, has attracted generations
literati
In literature, he left a book
Stories of the martial arts series
""
West Lake Dream Search
"The West Lake Survey" and "Old and new"
Records of the West Lake
""
Lake mountain summary
"And other records on the West Lake and ancient Hangzhou historical sites and anecdotes.
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